EP3036343B1 - Helicase dependent amplification of dna molecules using nucleotide analogs - Google Patents
Helicase dependent amplification of dna molecules using nucleotide analogs Download PDFInfo
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- EP3036343B1 EP3036343B1 EP14837579.3A EP14837579A EP3036343B1 EP 3036343 B1 EP3036343 B1 EP 3036343B1 EP 14837579 A EP14837579 A EP 14837579A EP 3036343 B1 EP3036343 B1 EP 3036343B1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
- C12P19/28—N-glycosides
- C12P19/30—Nucleotides
- C12P19/34—Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6853—Nucleic acid amplification reactions using modified primers or templates
Definitions
- the technical field of this invention is nucleic acid chemistry, more specifically the field that covers methods for increasing the number of DNA molecules that have a preselected target sequence ("amplifying" that target sequence), and most specifically, the field that covers amplification procedures that are done isothermally, without the temperature cycling used in the classical polymerase chain reaction.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- a "forward primer” that binds to a preselected target oligonucleotide is annealed to the target sequence to form a duplex. Then, the primer is incubated with a DNA polymerase and the appropriate 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates to yield a product that is complementary (in the Watson-Crick sense) to the target oligonucleotides: the target and its complement, as it is formed, are bound in a double stranded double helix. The double strand is then "melted” by heating, typically to temperatures above 75 °C, yielding the two complementary DNA strands as single strands. Each strand is freed by heating from its complement.
- the original target is then able to bind to a second forward primer, while the product DNA molecule is able to bind to a "reverse primer", which is designed to bind to a preselected site downstream in the product DNA molecule.
- the polymerase extension is then repeated, with both primers extended to give full-length products, again as duplexes (now two in number).
- the two strands are then separated by heating to allow more forward and reverse primer to anneal, and the cycle is repeated.
- the results are multiple copies of both the target DNA molecule and its complement. In asymmetric PCR, the ratio of these two is different from unity.
- Isothermal amplification methods frequently do not perform well, however. In many cases, the extent of amplification appears to depend on the specific sequence being amplified or (perhaps) the sequence of probes and/or primers used in the amplification. In some cases, the amplification fails entirely. In many cases, extra "spurious" products are observed to arise in addition to the target amplicon. Spurious products are especially seen when isothermal amplification is attempted for more than one target nucleic acid in a single sample ("multiplexing).
- HDA helicase-dependent amplification
- HDA uses a protein known as helicase.
- helicase pulls two strands apart to allow primers to bind to create two duplexes from an original single duplex.
- additional products are often seen with HDA targeting single DNA molecules, often causing the isothermal amplification to fail.
- Attempts to multiple HDA nearly always fail.
- spurious products are occasionally called "primer dimers", few if any examples exist where those structures are proven. In any case, formation of these spurious products limits sensitivity and multiplexing.
- standard HDA cannot use primer concentrations higher than ca. 0.2 ⁇ M, which limits the speed of detection.
- primers ("substituted primers") in which at least some of the A. T, G, and C nucleobases are substituted at some (but not all) sites (positions) with analogs designated A*, T*, G* and C*, are accepted by enzymes that work together with helicase to effect HDA-like amplification.
- the presently preferred substitutions replace adenine by 2-aminopurine or diaminopurine (either is defined as A*).
- replace guanine by inosine defined as G*
- replace thymine by 2-thiothymine defined as T*
- cytosine by N4-ethylcytosine
- This invention is further based on the unexpected discovery that target nucleotides are indeed amplified in an HDA-like process (hereinafter abbreviated as simply HDA) using these substituted primers. Further, this invention is based on the discovery that HDA-like processes where its substituted primers are tagged with oligonucleotides incorporating nucleotides selected from as artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS, herein defined) also perform well.
- AEGIS artificially expanded genetic information system
- the key inventive feature of this invention are forward and reverse primers where some of their A, T, G, and C nucleobases are substituted at some sites (positions) with analogs designated (respectively) A*, T*, G* and C* ("SAMRS" nucleotides).
- SAMRS A*, T*, G* and C*
- the reverse primer is complementary to a segment "downstream" on the product after the forward primer is extended by template-directed polymerization.
- the forward and reverse primers are designed to give a reasonably sized amplicon product.
- substitutions near the 3'-end of the primer most preferably at sites n- 1, n- 2, n- 3 ..., where n is the last, 3'-site in the primer. If the number of SAMRS nucleotides is four, then these are preferably placed at present at sites n -1, n -2 , n -3, and n -4, where site n is the 3'-terminal (last) site in the oligonucleotides primer.
- n substitutions are within the 3'-terminal n +1 sites, the 3'-terminal seven sites for the maximum substitutions (6) and the 3'-terminal three sites for the minimum number of preferred substitutions (2), and the 3'-terminal five sites for most preferred number of substitutions (4).
- the presently preferred SAMRS nucleotides replace adenine (A) in the primer by 2-aminopurine or diaminopurine (either is defined as A*), replace guanine (G) in the primer by inosine (defined as G*), replace thymine (T) in the primer by 2-thiothymine (defined as T*), and replace cytosine (C) in the primer by N4-ethylcytosine (defined as C*).
- A adenine
- G inosine
- T replace thymine
- T* replace thymine
- C cytosine
- Protected phosphoramidites suitable for solid phase DNA synthesis of these nucleoside analogs are well known in the art.
- the SAMRS-containing primers are synthesized by solid phase automated synthesis from the corresponding protected phosphoramidites.
- the methods for synthesizing such primers are described in the following two references.
- the isothermal amplification process of the instant invention proceeds just as standard HDA [ Tong, Y., Lemieux, B., Kong. H. (2011) Multiple strategies to improve sensitivity, speed and robustness of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for rapid pathogen detection. BMC Biotechnol. 11 Art. No: 50J [ Lemieux. B., Li, Y.; Kong, H. M., Tang, Y. W. (2012) Near instrument-free, simple molecular device for rapid detection of herpes simplex viruses: Expert Review Molec. Diagnostics 12, 437-443 DOI: 10.1586 ERM. 12.34 ].
- the assays are called "HDA-like".
- the invention with its inventive substituted SAMRS primers may be practiced using the helicase enzymes and triphosphates contained in the IsoAmpTM kits sold by BioHelix (Beverly, MA) for standard HDA.
- certain polymerases proved to be exceptionally well suited for the instant invention.
- the assay of the instant invention may include single stranded binding protein.
- Example 1 describes the amplification of a target DNA molecule (the KIT gene) presented within human genomic DNA (20 ng, corresponding to ca. 6000 copies).
- This example demonstrated the surprising ability of helicase in conjunction with various polymerases to amplify targets with high efficiency and low noise, even when SAMRS-containing primers were used. It also provided the experimental evidence for the presently preferred use of primers containing four SAMRS nucleotides (G*, C*, T*, and A*), not eight SAMRS nucleotides in the HDA-like process.
- SAMRS-substituted primers work in this HDA-like assay with different Gsp DNA polymerases (Bst2.0, GspM, Gspm2.0. and GspSSD, all from OptiGene), These experiments further showed that:
- SAMRS-containing primers used in this study are shown below.
- the bold underlined segments indicate SAMRS substitution, with A* as 2-aminopurine; T* as 2-thio-T; G* as inosine; and C* as N-ethyl-dC.
- KIT-90-F-25mer-std 5'-AGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTAGCCAG-3' SEQ ID NO. 1
- KIT-90-R-25mer-std 5'-TGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTACTCAC-3' SEQ ID NO. 2
- KIT-90-F-25mer 5'-AGATTTGTGATTTTGG TCTAGCCA G - 3' SEQ ID NO. 3
- KIT-90-R-25mer 5'-TGTCAAGCAGAGAATG GGTACTA C-3' SEQ ID NO. 4
- KIT-98-F-29mer 5'-acaaAGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTA GCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO.
- 5 KIT-98-R-29mer 5'-ggacTGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTA CTCA C-3' SEQ ID NO. 6
- These primers were mixed at room temperature with 20 ng of human genomic DNA containing the target DNA sequence as a segment in buffered aqueous solution with a helicase and other components in the IsoAmp mixture from BioHelix (Beverly MA), a DNA polymerase from those listed in Table 1, the 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and various other components listed in Table 1. The mixture was then incubated at 65°C for 90 min.
- Example 2 Demonstrating the functioning of SAM RS-substituted primers in an HDA-like assay targeting KIT gene using GsSSD and Bst2.0 DNA polymerases
- the primers used in this example are shown below.
- the underlined bold segments are again the sites where the standard nucleotide was substituted by the corresponding SAMRS nucleotide.
- the underlined A indicates A* as DAP (2, 6-diaminopurine);
- the underlined T indicates T* as 2-thio-T;
- the underlined G indicates G* as inosine;
- the underlined C indicates C* as N-ethyl-dC.
- KIT-98-F-29mer 5'-acaaAGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTA GCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO. 7
- KIT-98-R-29mer 5'-ggacTGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTA CTCA C-3' SFQ ID NO. 8
- the IsoAmp solution containing polymerases and 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates were mixed with the components shown in Table 2 at room temperature. Then, the mixture was incubated at 65°C for 90 min, sample (10 ⁇ L) was diluted with a solution of loading dye (4 ⁇ L) and loaded on a 2.5% agarose gel and subjected to electrophoresis to resolve the PCR products. The results are shown in Figure 5 .
- This example compared the efficiency and specificity of primers substituted with SAMRS nucleotides (containing G*, C*, T*, and A*) with primers containing only standard nucleotides (no SAMRS nucleotides) to amplify the KIT gene as the target double stranded DNA molecule (presented within whole human Genomic DNA) and HIV DNA (HIV-DNA-96mer, presented as a synthetic simulant) using GspSSD under different concentrations of MgSO 4 (6 mM, 7 mM. 8 mM, 9 mM. and 10 mM).
- MgSO 4 6 mM, 7 mM. 8 mM, 9 mM. and 10 mM
- Oligonucleotides used in amplifying KIT gene in human genomic DNA are shown below.
- the underlined bold A indicates A* as 2-aminopurine
- the underlined bold T indicates T* as 2-thio-T
- the underlined bold G indicates G* as inosine
- the underlined bold C indicates C* as N-ethyl-dC. All components (Table 3, primers, substituted or standard, 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, polymerases, and helicase as part of the IsoAmp kit, obtained from BioHelix), were mixed at room temperature. They were then incubated at 65°C for 90 min.
- KIT-90-F-25mer-std 5'-NGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTAGCCCAG-3' SEQ ID NO. 9
- KIT-90-R-25mer-std 5'-TGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTACTCAC-3' SEQ ID NO. 10
- KIT-98-F-29mer 5'-acaaAGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTA GCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO. 11
- KIT-98-R-29mer 5'-gaacTGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGTA CTCA C-3' SEQ ID NO. 12
- Table 3 Components KIT-Std-Primers KIT-SAMRS-Primers No Template Control Final Conc.
- Oligonucleotides used in amplifying HIV-DNA target are shown below.
- the underlined bold A indicates A* as 2-aminopurine;
- the underlined bold T indicates T* as 2-thio-T;
- the underlined bold G indicates G* as inosine;
- the underlined bold C indicates C* as N-ethyl-dC. All components (primers, substituted or standard, 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, polymerases, and helicase as part of the IsoAmp kit, obtained from BioHelix), were mixed at room temperature. They were then incubated at 65°C for 90 min as indicated in Table 4. Primers in this example were extended at their 5'-ends by four nucleotides (indicated by lower case letters):
- Example 5 Nested isothermal amplification with external tags containing non-standard nucleotides.
- a uniformed multiplexed HDA assay can be obtained by incorporating additional oligonucleotides from an (artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS) into a tag sequence which is appended to the 5'-end of one or more SAMRS-containing primers and generated one or more AEGIS-SAMRS containing primers.
- AEGIS artificially expanded genetic information system
- the AEGIS nucleotides used were 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1'-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone (trivially called Z) an and 2-amino-8-(1'-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one (trivially called P).
- target specific AEGIS-SAMRS containing primers were used in low concentrations (0.01 ⁇ M) to initiate the isothermal amplification, and the uniformed multiplexed HDA was achieved by using high concentration of universal AEGIS-containing tag sequence (Universal-4P, 0.1 - 0.2 ⁇ M)) to further amplify each tagged target in the later stage of HDA assay.
- Universal-4P Universal-4P, 0.1 - 0.2 ⁇ M
- the methods of the instant invention are useful in many areas of industry, including DNA and RNA targeted diagnostics assays to detect DNA and RNA from infectious agents.
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Description
- The technical field of this invention is nucleic acid chemistry, more specifically the field that covers methods for increasing the number of DNA molecules that have a preselected target sequence ("amplifying" that target sequence), and most specifically, the field that covers amplification procedures that are done isothermally, without the temperature cycling used in the classical polymerase chain reaction.
- For practical applications in many areas, including diagnostic procedures that target DNA- and RNA-molecules in biological samples, methods are desired that "amplify' specific nucleic acid sequences. Classically, this has been done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [R.K. Saiki. D.H. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S.J. Scharf, R. Higuchi, G.T. Horn. K.B. Mullis, H.A. Erlich (1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239, 487-491]. Here, a "forward primer" that binds to a preselected target oligonucleotide is annealed to the target sequence to form a duplex. Then, the primer is incubated with a DNA polymerase and the appropriate 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates to yield a product that is complementary (in the Watson-Crick sense) to the target oligonucleotides: the target and its complement, as it is formed, are bound in a double stranded double helix. The double strand is then "melted" by heating, typically to temperatures above 75 °C, yielding the two complementary DNA strands as single strands. Each strand is freed by heating from its complement. The original target is then able to bind to a second forward primer, while the product DNA molecule is able to bind to a "reverse primer", which is designed to bind to a preselected site downstream in the product DNA molecule. The polymerase extension is then repeated, with both primers extended to give full-length products, again as duplexes (now two in number). The two strands are then separated by heating to allow more forward and reverse primer to anneal, and the cycle is repeated. The results are multiple copies of both the target DNA molecule and its complement. In asymmetric PCR, the ratio of these two is different from unity.
- Classical PCR is widely used throughout research, science, and technology, being the method of choice to detect small amounts of DNA in complex biological samples. Nevertheless, the use of temperature cycling to separate the two strands in product duplexes is undesirable in many applications, including applications that want to amplify target DNA at points-of-care, in doctors offices, and in the field. The desire to amplify target DNA molecules without needing to do repeated temperature cycling is indicated by the literature that searches for amplification methods that do not need temperature cycling, including those known as "recombinase polymerase amplification" (RPA) [Piepenburg, O., Williams, C. H., Stemple, D. L., Armes. N. A. (2006) DNA Detection using recombination proteins. PLoS Biol 4 (7): e204], rolling circle amplification (RCA), NASBA, helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) [Tong, Y., Lemieux, B.,: Kong, H. (2011) Multiple strategies to improve sensitivity, speed and robustness of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for rapid pathogen detection. BMC Biotechnol. 11 Art. No: 50] [Lemieux, B., Li. Y.; Kong, H. M., Tang, Y. W. (2012) Near instrument-free, simple molecular device for rapid detection of herpes simplex viruses: Erpert Review Molec. ] and LAMP, among others. These are called "isothermal amplification" methods.
- Isothermal amplification methods frequently do not perform well, however. In many cases, the extent of amplification appears to depend on the specific sequence being amplified or (perhaps) the sequence of probes and/or primers used in the amplification. In some cases, the amplification fails entirely. In many cases, extra "spurious" products are observed to arise in addition to the target amplicon. Spurious products are especially seen when isothermal amplification is attempted for more than one target nucleic acid in a single sample ("multiplexing).
- Essentially no theory explains these and other variable results, although speculation can be found in the public and private art, some of it contradictory, other explanations being informal. Without any attempt to be exhaustive, speculative suggestions include the possibility that at low temperatures, non-Watson Crick interactions might cause some of the DNA molecules involved (primer, probe, or analyte) to fold in a way that defeats the amplification process. Others have suggested that high temperatures must be regularly traversed to avoid an (often unknown) intra- or intermolecular interaction from capturing the system as an artifact. Primer-primer interactions have been invoked to explain failure of various isothermal amplification systems, especially when is multiplexing is attempted. None of these explanations are established. Few data allow us to prefer one over another. As a consequence, the an contains no clear guidance as to what experiments might be tried to overcome these problems, and to generate reliable procedures of performing isothermal amplification for all target sequences and, especially, for multiple (more than one) target sequences.
- This is especially true for the isothermal amplification method known as helicase-dependent amplification (HDA). Instead of raising the temperature to separate product duplexes. HDA uses a protein known as helicase. In theory, helicase pulls two strands apart to allow primers to bind to create two duplexes from an original single duplex. While HDA creates successful amplification for many targets, it unfortunately does not for most targets. Again, additional products are often seen with HDA targeting single DNA molecules, often causing the isothermal amplification to fail. Attempts to multiple HDA nearly always fail. Again, while the spurious products are occasionally called "primer dimers", few if any examples exist where those structures are proven. In any case, formation of these spurious products limits sensitivity and multiplexing. Further, standard HDA cannot use primer concentrations higher than ca. 0.2 µM, which limits the speed of detection.
- This invention is based on the unexpected discovery that primers ("substituted primers") in which at least some of the A. T, G, and C nucleobases are substituted at some (but not all) sites (positions) with analogs designated A*, T*, G* and C*, are accepted by enzymes that work together with helicase to effect HDA-like amplification. The presently preferred substitutions replace adenine by 2-aminopurine or diaminopurine (either is defined as A*). replace guanine by inosine (defined as G*), replace thymine by 2-thiothymine (defined as T*), and replace cytosine by N4-ethylcytosine (defined as C*). This invention is further based on the unexpected discovery that target nucleotides are indeed amplified in an HDA-like process (hereinafter abbreviated as simply HDA) using these substituted primers. Further, this invention is based on the discovery that HDA-like processes where its substituted primers are tagged with oligonucleotides incorporating nucleotides selected from as artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS, herein defined) also perform well.
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Figure 1 . The presently preferred nucleobases analogs that substitute for G. C, A and T in the substituted primers, where R is the point of attachment to the oligonucleotide. -
Figure 2 . The presently preferred components selected from an artificially expanded genetic information system, where R is the point of attachment to the oligonucleotide, and W is an electron withdrawing group such as nitro or cyano. -
Figure 3 . (Lane 1 and 2): Standard primers (Std) generate spurious products, perhaps primer-dimers, both with the KIT gene (the preselected target,lane 1, -) absent, and with KIT gene present (lane 2, +); (Lane 3 and 4): SAMRS primers of the instant invention generate product with KIT gene (lane 4, +), and no spurious products without the KIT gene target (lane 3, -); (Lane 5 and 6): Standard primers (Std) generate spurious product without HIV target (lane 5, -) or some spurious product and product with HIV target (lane 6, +); (Lane 7 and 8): SAMRS primers generate product with HIV target (lane 8. +), and no spurious products without HIV target (lane 7, -). -
Figure 4 . Data from Example 1. (Lanes 1 and 2): Bst2.0 with IsoAmpIII (BioHelix. Beverly MA, 2 µL each) with 0 ng or 20 ng (respectively) of target with KIT primers with all sites in the primers containing standard (Std) nucleotides. (Lane 3): Bst2.0 with IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS8 primers containing eight SAMRS nucleotides in the substituted primers. (Lane 4): Bst2.0 + IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS4 primers occupied by four SAMRS nucleotides in the substituted primers. (Lanes 5 and 6): GspM and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 0 ng or 20 ng (respectively) of target with KIT primers with all sites occupied by standard (Std) nucleotides. (Lane 7): GspM + IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRSS primers containing eight SAMRS nucleotides in the indicated positions primers. (Lane 8): GspM and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS4 primers containing four SAMRS nucleotides in the substituted primers. (Lane 9 and 10): GspM2.0 and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 0 ng or 20 ng of target with std KIT primers. (Lane 11): GspM2.0 and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS8 primers containing eight SAMRS nucleotides in the indicated positions. (Lane 12): GspM2.0 and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS4 primers containing four SAMRS nucleotides in the indicated positions. (Lanes 13 and 14): GspSSD and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 0 ng or 20 ng of target with KIT primers with all sites occupied by standard (Std) nucleotides. (Lane 15): GspSSD and IsoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS8 primers containing eight SAMRS nucleotides in the indicated positions. (Lane 16): GspSSD and isoAmpIII (2 µL each) with 20 ng of target with SAMRS4 primers containing four SAMRS nucleotides in the indicated positions. -
Figure 5 . Data from Example 2. (Lanes Lane Lanes Lanes -
Figure 6 . Data from Example 3. M lanes are markers, DNA ladders separated by 50 bp (left) and 25 bp (right). (Lanes Lanes -
Figure 7 . Data from Example 4. M lanes are markers, DNA ladders separated by 50 bp (left) and 25 bp (right). (Lanes Lanes -
Figure 8 . Schematic showing the mechanism for helicase-dependent amplification (HAD) reactions.Step 1 is helicase unwinding and primer binding.Step 2 is DNA polymerization.Step 3 is DNA amplification. The round circles are helicase molecules. The ellipses are molecules of DNA polymerases. -
Figure 9 . PAGE showing products of nested HDA assays using AEGIS-comaining tag sequences and AEGIS-SAMRS containing primers to amplify the TOP and MYC genes in human genomic DNA, separately and together. - The key inventive feature of this invention are forward and reverse primers where some of their A, T, G, and C nucleobases are substituted at some sites (positions) with analogs designated (respectively) A*, T*, G* and C* ("SAMRS" nucleotides). As is standard in the an, and for both classical and isothermal PCR, the first step in primer design is to select the part, or segment, or sequence of a DNA molecule, for which amplification is sought The sequence of the forward primers is then selected so that the forward primer is complementary to a part, or segment, of the target sequence, 3'-adjacent to the part of the target that is to be copied. As is also standard in the art, the reverse primer is complementary to a segment "downstream" on the product after the forward primer is extended by template-directed polymerization. As is standard in the art, the forward and reverse primers are designed to give a reasonably sized amplicon product.
- References describing the design of sequences of primers to implement classical HDA can be found in the following literature, and references cited therein, which are incorporated in their entirety by citation [Tong, Y., Lemieux, B.,: Kong. H. (2011) Multiple strategies to improve sensitivity, speed and robustness of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for rapid pathogen detection. BMC Biotechnol. 11 Art. No: 50] [Lemieux, B., Li, Y.; Kong, H. M., Tang, Y. W. (2012) Near instrument-free, simple molecular device for rapid detection of herpes simplex viruses: Expert Review Molec. ].
- After the primers are chosen to produce the desired amplicon, some of the standard nucleotides in the primer must be substituted by their corresponding SAMRS nucleotide analog. This specification and its examples teach that not all sites should be substituted. Rather, this specification and its examples teach that preferably not fewer than two, and preferably not more than six, substitutions should be made. The presently preferred number of substitutions is four.
- Presently preferred are substitutions near the 3'-end of the primer, most preferably at sites n-1, n-2, n-3 ..., where n is the last, 3'-site in the primer. If the number of SAMRS nucleotides is four, then these are preferably placed at present at sites n-1, n-2, n-3, and n-4, where site n is the 3'-terminal (last) site in the oligonucleotides primer. The presently preferred n substitutions are within the 3'-terminal n+1 sites, the 3'-terminal seven sites for the maximum substitutions (6) and the 3'-terminal three sites for the minimum number of preferred substitutions (2), and the 3'-terminal five sites for most preferred number of substitutions (4). The presently preferred SAMRS nucleotides replace adenine (A) in the primer by 2-aminopurine or diaminopurine (either is defined as A*), replace guanine (G) in the primer by inosine (defined as G*), replace thymine (T) in the primer by 2-thiothymine (defined as T*), and replace cytosine (C) in the primer by N4-ethylcytosine (defined as C*). Protected phosphoramidites suitable for solid phase DNA synthesis of these nucleoside analogs are well known in the art.
- After they are designed, the SAMRS-containing primers are synthesized by solid phase automated synthesis from the corresponding protected phosphoramidites. The methods for synthesizing such primers are described in the following two references. [Hoshika, S., Leal, N., Chen, F., Benner, S.A. (2010) Artificial genetic systems. Self-avoiding DNA in PCR and multiplexed PCR. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 49,5554-5557] [Yang, Z.. Chen. F., Alvarado, J. B., Benner, S. A. (2011) Amplification, mutation, and sequencing of a six-letter synthetic genetic system. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 15105-15112] Once the primers are prepared, in many of its respects, the isothermal amplification process of the instant invention proceeds just as standard HDA [Tong, Y., Lemieux, B., Kong. H. (2011) Multiple strategies to improve sensitivity, speed and robustness of isothermal nucleic acid amplification for rapid pathogen detection. BMC Biotechnol. 11 Art. No: 50J [Lemieux. B., Li, Y.; Kong, H. M., Tang, Y. W. (2012) Near instrument-free, simple molecular device for rapid detection of herpes simplex viruses: Expert Review Molec. ]. For this reason, the assays are called "HDA-like". In particular, the invention with its inventive substituted SAMRS primers may be practiced using the helicase enzymes and triphosphates contained in the IsoAmp™ kits sold by BioHelix (Beverly, MA) for standard HDA. However, as disclosed in the examples, certain polymerases proved to be exceptionally well suited for the instant invention. Further, optionally, the assay of the instant invention may include single stranded binding protein.
- Example 1 describes the amplification of a target DNA molecule (the KIT gene) presented within human genomic DNA (20 ng, corresponding to ca. 6000 copies). This example demonstrated the surprising ability of helicase in conjunction with various polymerases to amplify targets with high efficiency and low noise, even when SAMRS-containing primers were used. It also provided the experimental evidence for the presently preferred use of primers containing four SAMRS nucleotides (G*, C*, T*, and A*), not eight SAMRS nucleotides in the HDA-like process. This example also demonstrated that SAMRS-substituted primers work in this HDA-like assay with different Gsp DNA polymerases (Bst2.0, GspM, Gspm2.0. and GspSSD, all from OptiGene), These experiments further showed that:
- 1) Standard primers gave more spurious products (hypothetically "primer dimers") than desired amplicon product for all polymerases tested.
- 2) Primers containing four SAMRS components produced the desired amplicon, but no spurious products with GspM and Gspm2.0 DNA polymerases. Primers containing eight SAMRS components did not produce either "primer dimer" or desired amplicon product, regardless of which polymerase was used.
- 3) Primers containing four SAMRS components produced only trace amounts of product when the GspSSD DNA polymerase was used. Therefore, the GspM and Gspm2.0 DNA polymerases are preferred.
- The SAMRS-containing primers used in this study are shown below. The bold underlined segments indicate SAMRS substitution, with A* as 2-aminopurine; T* as 2-thio-T; G* as inosine; and C* as N-ethyl-dC.
- KIT-90-F-25mer-std: 5'-AGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTAGCCAG-3' SEQ ID NO. 1 KIT-90-R-25mer-std: 5'-TGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTACTCAC-3' SEQ ID NO. 2 KIT-90-F-25mer: 5'-AGATTTGTGATTTTGG TCTAGCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO. 3 KIT-90-R-25mer: 5'-TGTCAAGCAGAGAATG GGTACTA C-3' SEQ ID NO. 4 KIT-98-F-29mer: 5'-acaaAGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTA GCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO. 5 KIT-98-R-29mer: 5'-ggacTGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTA CTCA C-3' SEQ ID NO. 6 These primers were mixed at room temperature with 20 ng of human genomic DNA containing the target DNA sequence as a segment in buffered aqueous solution with a helicase and other components in the IsoAmp mixture from BioHelix (Beverly MA), a DNA polymerase from those listed in Table 1, the 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and various other components listed in Table 1. The mixture was then incubated at 65°C for 90 min. The conditions are as shown below:
Table 1 Components KIT Std primers KIT-SAMRS8-25mer Primers KIT-SAMRS4-29mer Primers No Template Control Final Conc. dH2O in primer mix 10.5 µL 10.5 µL 10.5 µL 10.5 µL 25µL KIT-F-std (5µM) 1 µL 1 µL 0.2 µM KIT-R-std (5µM) 0.2 µM KIT-F-25mer-SMS (5µM) 1 µL 1 µL 0.2 µM KIT-R-25mer-SMS (5µM) 0.2 µM KIT-F-29mer-SMS (5µM) 1 µL 1 µL 0.2 µM KIT-R-29mer-SMS (5µM) 0.2 µM dH2O not in master mix 2 µL Genomic DNA (10 ng/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 20 ng/ 25µL IsoAmp dNTP Solution 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 1.14x NaCl (500 mM) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 40 mM MgSO4 (100 mM) 1 µL 1 µL 1 µL 1 µL 4 mM 10x Annealing Buffer 112.5 µL 2.5 µL 2.5 µL 2.5 µL 1x IsoAmp Enzyme Mix III (BioHelix) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2x Bst 2.0 (NEB) [8U/µL] 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL GspM (OptiGene, 8U/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL GspM2.0 (OptiGene. 8U/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL GspSSD (OptiGene, 8U/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL - After each reaction was incubated at 65°C for 90 min, sample (10 µL) were diluted with a solution loading dye (4 µL). This was loaded as well known in the art on a 2.5% agarose gel. Electrophoresis was used to resolve the PCR products. The results are shown in
Figure 4 . - The efficiency of a KIT primer pair with four SAMRS bases (G*, C*, T*, and A*) was demonstrated using helicase-dependent amplification (HDA)-like architectures with Bst2.0 and GspSSD and various concentrations of MgSO4 (4 mM, 5 mM, and 6 mM), These experiments showed that:
- 1) Increasing the concentration of MgSO4 from 4 mM to 6 mM increased the efficiency by which the desired amplicon was obtained, with both Bst2.0 and GspSSD DNA polymerases.
- 2) Adding betaine (1 M) increased the efficiency by which the desired amplicon was obtained, and is presently preferred for GC rich targets.
- The primers used in this example are shown below. The underlined bold segments are again the sites where the standard nucleotide was substituted by the corresponding SAMRS nucleotide. Thus, the underlined A indicates A* as DAP (2, 6-diaminopurine); the underlined T indicates T* as 2-thio-T; the underlined G indicates G* as inosine; the underlined C indicates C* as N-ethyl-dC.
- KIT-98-F-29mer: 5'-acaaAGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTA GCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO. 7 KIT-98-R-29mer: 5'-ggacTGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTA CTCA C-3' SFQ ID NO. 8 The IsoAmp solution containing polymerases and 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates were mixed with the components shown in Table 2 at room temperature. Then, the mixture was incubated at 65°C for 90 min, sample (10 µL) was diluted with a solution of loading dye (4 µL) and loaded on a 2.5% agarose gel and subjected to electrophoresis to resolve the PCR products. The results are shown in
Figure 5 .Table 2. Components KIT-SAMRS-29mer Primers No Template Control Final Conc. dH2O in primer mix 10.5 µL 10.5 µL 25 µL KIT-F-29mer-SMS (5µM) 1 µL 1 µL 0.2 µM KIT-R-29mer-SMS (5µM) 0.2 µM dH2O not in master mix 2 µL Genomic DNA (10 ng µL) 2 µL 0 µL 20 ng/25µL IsoAmp dNTP Solution 2 µL 2 µL 1.14x NaCl (500 mM) 2 µL 2 µL 40 mM MgSO4 (100 mM) 1 µL or 1.25 µL or 1.5 µL 1 µL or 1.25 µL or 1.5 µL 4 mM or 5mM or 6 mM Betaine (5M) 5 µL 5 µL 1M 10x Annealing Buffer II 2.5 µL 2.5 µL 1x IsoAmp Enzyme Mix III (BioHelix) 2 µL 2 µL 2x Bst 2.0 (NEB) [8U/µL] 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL GspSSD (OptiGene, 8U/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL - This example compared the efficiency and specificity of primers substituted with SAMRS nucleotides (containing G*, C*, T*, and A*) with primers containing only standard nucleotides (no SAMRS nucleotides) to amplify the KIT gene as the target double stranded DNA molecule (presented within whole human Genomic DNA) and HIV DNA (HIV-DNA-96mer, presented as a synthetic simulant) using GspSSD under different concentrations of MgSO4 (6 mM, 7 mM. 8 mM, 9 mM. and 10 mM). In summary, these experiments showed that:
- 1. Increasing the MgSO4 concentrations from 6 mM to 10 mM was shown to decrease the efficiency of HDA-like amplification using SAMRS-substituted primers. Thus, MgSO4 concentrations at 6 mM are presently preferred.
- 2. SAMRS primers generated product in the presence of targets (genomic DNA or HIV-DNA-96mer) without the formation of any spurious "primer-dimer" when the target is present, and generated no product in the negative control experiment that lacks targets. However, standard primers produced spurious "primer-dimer" products when the target was present and when the target was absent.
- Oligonucleotides used in amplifying KIT gene in human genomic DNA are shown below. The underlined bold A indicates A* as 2-aminopurine, the underlined bold T indicates T* as 2-thio-T; the underlined bold G indicates G* as inosine, the underlined bold C indicates C* as N-ethyl-dC. All components (Table 3, primers, substituted or standard, 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, polymerases, and helicase as part of the IsoAmp kit, obtained from BioHelix), were mixed at room temperature. They were then incubated at 65°C for 90 min. KIT-90-F-25mer-std: 5'-NGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTAGCCCAG-3' SEQ ID NO. 9 KIT-90-R-25mer-std: 5'-TGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGGTACTCAC-3' SEQ ID NO. 10 KIT-98-F-29mer: 5'-acaaAGATTTGTGATTTTGGTCTA GCCA G-3' SEQ ID NO. 11 KIT-98-R-29mer: 5'-gaacTGTCAAGCAGAGAATGGTA CTCA C-3' SEQ ID NO. 12
Table 3. Components KIT-Std-Primers KIT-SAMRS-Primers No Template Control Final Conc. dH2O in primer mix 9 µL 9 µL 9 µL 25 µL KIT-90-F-25mer- Std 1 µL 1 µL 0.2 µM KIT-90-R-25mer-Std (5µM) 0.2 µM KIT-98-F-29mer-SMS (5µM) 1 µL 1 µL 0.2 µM KIT-98-R-29mer-SMS (5µM) 0.2 µM dH2O in negative control 2 µL Human Genomic DNA (10 ng/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 20 ng/25µL IsoAmp dNTP Solution 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 1.14x NaCl (500 mM) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 40 mM 10x Annealing Buffer II 2.5 µL 2.5 µL 2.5 µL 1x IsoAmp Enzyme Mix II (BioHelix) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 2x GspSSD (OptiGene, 8U/µL) 2 µL 2 µL 2 µL 0.64U/µL MgSO4 (100 mM) + H2O As listed in the table below As listed in the table below As listed in the table below 6mM, 7, 8, 9, or 10mM 6 mM 7 mM 8 mM 9 mM 10 mM MgSO4 (100 mM) 1.5 µL 1.75 µL 2 µL 2.25 µL 2.5 µL dH2O 1 µL 0.75 µL 0.5 µL 0.25 µL 0 µL - After each reaction was incubated at 65°C for 90 min, sample (10 µL) was diluted with a solution of plus of loading dye (4 µL), and loaded on a 2.5% agarose gel. Electrophoresis was used to resolve the PCR products. The results are shown in
Figure 6 . - Oligonucleotides used in amplifying HIV-DNA target are shown below. The underlined bold A indicates A* as 2-aminopurine; the underlined bold T indicates T* as 2-thio-T; the underlined bold G indicates G* as inosine; the underlined bold C indicates C* as N-ethyl-dC. All components (primers, substituted or standard, 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, polymerases, and helicase as part of the IsoAmp kit, obtained from BioHelix), were mixed at room temperature. They were then incubated at 65°C for 90 min as indicated in Table 4. Primers in this example were extended at their 5'-ends by four nucleotides (indicated by lower case letters):
- 5'. GagF_Std_30mer: 5'-aaacACCATGCTAAACACAGTGGGGGGACA-3' SEQ ID NO. 13
- 6'. GagR_Std_31mer. 5-atctATCCCATTCTGCAGCTTCCTCATTGAT-3' SEQ ID NO. 14
- 5. GagF_SMS_30mer: 5'-aaacACCATGCTAAACACAGTGGGG GGAC A-3' SEQ ID NO. 15
- 6. GagR_SMS_31mer: 5'-atctATCCCATTCTGCAGCTTCCTCA TTGA T-3' SEQ ID NO. 16
- After each reaction was incubated at 65°C for 90 min, sample (10 µL) was diluted with a solution of plus of loading dye (4 µL), and loaded on a 2.5% agarose gel. Electrophoresis was used to resolve the PCR products. The results are shown in
Figure 7 . - A uniformed multiplexed HDA assay can be obtained by incorporating additional oligonucleotides from an (artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS) into a tag sequence which is appended to the 5'-end of one or more SAMRS-containing primers and generated one or more AEGIS-SAMRS containing primers. Here, the AEGIS nucleotides used were 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1'-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone (trivially called Z) an and 2-amino-8-(1'-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one (trivially called P). In HDA assays, target specific AEGIS-SAMRS containing primers were used in low concentrations (0.01 µM) to initiate the isothermal amplification, and the uniformed multiplexed HDA was achieved by using high concentration of universal AEGIS-containing tag sequence (Universal-4P, 0.1 - 0.2 µM)) to further amplify each tagged target in the later stage of HDA assay.
- AEGIS and SAMRS containing primers used in HDA assays:
- Universal-4P: 5-GGAPCAAPTACPCGCPAC SEQ ID NO 17
- TOP-F-4P: 5'-GGAPCAAPTACPCGCPACGACAGCCCCGGATG AGAA C-3' SEQ ID No 18
- TOP-R-4P: 5'-GGAPCAAPTACPCGCPACAAGAATTGCAACAGCTC GATT G-3 SEQ ID NO 19
- MYC-F-4P: 5'-GGAPCAAPTACPCGCPACTCCTCCTTATGCCTCT ATCA T-3'
SEQ ID NO 20 - MYC-R-4P: 5-GGAPCAAPTACPCGCPACCCGCGCTTTGATCAAG AGTC C-3 SEQ ID NO 21
- All components were mixed at room temperature and 25 µL of reaction mixture were incubated at 65°C for 120 min. HDA assays using AEGIS-containing tag sequence and AEGIS-SAMRS containing primers to amplify the TOP and MYC genes in human genomic DNA. The products were resolved on 3% agarose gels, and are shown in
Figure 9 . - The methods of the instant invention are useful in many areas of industry, including DNA and RNA targeted diagnostics assays to detect DNA and RNA from infectious agents.
-
- <110>Benner, Steven Albert Yang, Zunyi
- <120>Helicase Dependent Amplification of DNA Molecules Using Nucleotide Analogs
- <130>PatentHDAhelicaseYangSeqList
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13970111
<141>2013-08-20 - <160>21
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<222>(12)..(12)
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<221>misc_feature
<222>(16)..(16)
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ggancaanta cncgcnactc ctccttatgc ctctatcat 39 - <210>21
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<221>misc_feature
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ggancaanta cncgcnaccc gcgctttgat caagagtcc 39
Components | HIV-Std-Primers | HIV-SAMRS-Primers | No Template Control | Final Conc. | ||
dH2O in | 9 | 9 | 9 µL | 25µL | ||
5'. GagF-Std-30mer (5µM) | 1 | 1 µL | 0.2 µM | |||
6'. GagR-Std-31mer (5µM) | 0.2 | |||||
5. GagF-SMS-30mer (5µM) | 1 | 1 µL | 0.2 | |||
6. GagR-SMS-3 1mer (5µM) | 0.2 µM | |||||
dH2O in | 2 µL | |||||
HIV-DNA-96mer (0.1 fmole/µL) | 2 | 2 | 20 ng/ 25µL | |||
| 2 | 2 | 2 µL | 1.14x |
NaCl (500 mM) | 2 | 2 | 2 µL | 40 mM | ||
10x Annealing Buffer II | 2.5 | 2.5 µL | 2.5 µL | 1x | ||
IsoAmp Enzyme Mix II (BioHelix) | 2 | 2 | 2 µL | 2x | ||
GspSSD (OptiGene, 8U/µL) | 2 | 2 | 2 µL | 0.64U/µL | ||
MgSO4 (100 mM ) + H2O | As the listed in the table below | As listed in table below | As listed in the table below | 6mM, 7, 8, 9, or 10mM | ||
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 mM | Final Mg2+ (mM) | |
MgSO4 (100 mM) | 1.5 µL | 1.75 | 2 µL | 2.25 µL | 2.5 µL | |
dH2O | 1 µL | 0.75 µL | 0.5 µL | 0.25 | 0 µL |
Components | TOP Primers with target | TOP Primers without target | MYC Primers with target | MYC Primers without target | TOP+MY C Primers with target | TOP +MYC Primers without target | Final Conc. In 25µL |
Universal-4P (10 µM) | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 10.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.5 µL | 0.5 µL | 0.1 or 0.2 µM |
TOP-F-4P + TOP-R-4P (each 1 µM) | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.01 µM | ||
MYC-F-4P + MYC-R-4P mixture (each 1 µM) | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.25 µL | 0.01 µM | ||
H2O in primer mix | 0.5 µL | 0.5 µL | 0.5 µL | 0.5 µL | 0 µL | 0 µL | |
H2O | 5.25 µL | 10.25 µL | 5.25 µL | 10.25 µL | 5.25 µL | 10.25 µL | |
Human Genomic DNA (10 ng/µl) | 5 µL | 0 µL | 5 µL | 0 µL | 5 µL | 0 µL | |
MgSO4 (100 mM) | 1.25 µL | 1.25 µL | 1.25 µL | 1.25 µL | 1.25 µL | 1.25 µL | 5 mM |
NaCl (500 mM) | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 40 mM |
IsoAmp dNTP | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | |
dZTP (1 mM) | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 0.8 mM |
10x Annealing Buffer II | 2.5 µL | 2.5 µL | 2.5 µL | 2.5 µL | 2.5 µL | 2.5 µL | 1x |
IsoAmp Enzyme Mix II (BioHelix) | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | |
GspSSD (OptiGene, 8U/µL) | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 2 µL | 0.64U/µL |
Claims (8)
- A process for synthesizing a preselected target DNA molecule, where said target DNA molecule binds to a complementary DNA molecule to form a duplex, said process comprising contacting said duplex in buffered aqueous solution with a helicase, a DNA polymerase, a single strand binding protein, 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and a substituted primer, said substituted primer that is complementary in sequence to a segment within said target DNA molecule, and where within said substituted primer one adenine in at least one of its 2'-deoxyadenosine nucleotides is substituted by 2-aminopurine or diaminopurine, or one guanine in at least one of its 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleotides is substituted by inosine, or one thymine in at least one of its thymidine nucleotides is substituted by 2-thiothymine, or at least one cytosine in at least one of its 2'-deoxycytidine nucleotides is substituted by N4-ethylcytosine, and wherein the total number of said substitutions is between two and six, wherein said polymerase is Bst 2.0, GspSSD, GspM, or GspM2.0.
- An amplification process for creating multiple copies of a target DNA molecule, said process comprising contacting said duplex in buffered aqueous solution with a helicase, a DNA polymerase, a single strand binding protein, 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and two substituted primers, a forward primer and a reverse primer, said forward primer binding to a segment within said target DNA molecule, and said reverse primer being substantially identical in sequence to a segment downstream within said target DNA molecule, and where within both of said substituted primers one adenine in at least one of its 2'-deoxyadenosine nucleotides is substituted by 2-aminopurine or diaminopurine, or one guanine in at least one of its 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleotides is substituted by inosine, or one thymine in at least one of its thymidine nucleotides is substituted by 2-thiothymine, or at least one cytosine in at least one of its 2'-deoxycytidine nucleotides is substituted by N4-ethylcytosine, and wherein the total number of said substitutions is between two and six, wherein said polymerase is Bst 2.0, GspSSD, GspM, or GspM2.0.
- The process of Claim 1, wherein appended to the 5'-end of one or more of said substituted primers is a tag that comprises a preselected oligonucleotide that contains at least one nucleotide selected from the group consisting of
- The process of Claim 2, wherein appended to the 5'-end of one or more of said substituted primers is a tag that comprises a preselected oligonucleotide that contains at least one nucleotide selected from the group consisting of
- The process of Claim 1, wherein said substitutions are placed in the 3'-terminal seven sites of said primer.
- The process of Claim 2, wherein said substitutions are placed in the 3'-terminal seven sites of said primers.
- The process of Claim 1, wherein the total number of said substitutions is four, and these are placed in the 3'-terminal five sites of said primer.
- The process of Claim 2, wherein the total number of said substitutions is four, and these are placed in the 3'-terminal five sites of said primers.
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US13/970,111 US9315842B2 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2013-08-19 | Helicase dependent amplification of DNA molecules using nucleotide analogs |
PCT/US2014/050980 WO2015026609A1 (en) | 2013-08-19 | 2014-08-14 | Helicase dependent amplification of dna molecules using nucleotide analogs |
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JP6584986B2 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-10-02 | 株式会社東芝 | Nucleic acid detection method |
CN106929604B (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2020-08-25 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Primer group and probe sequence for detecting abalone herpes virus |
CN107523624B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2020-06-05 | 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所 | Multi-cross isothermal amplification method combining AUDG and self-avoiding molecule recognition system |
CN107557440B (en) * | 2017-10-22 | 2020-09-01 | 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所 | Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method combining AUDG and self-avoiding molecule recognition system |
CN110295241A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-01 | 深圳易致生物科技有限公司 | For detecting the primer sets of urinary tract infections and comprising the kit of the primer sets |
US20220162600A1 (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-26 | Zunyi Yang | Compositions for the Multiplexed Detection of Viruses |
WO2022261044A2 (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | Zunyi Yang | Compositions for multiplexed amplification |
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US5049490A (en) | 1990-02-20 | 1991-09-17 | Eastman Kodak Co. | Quantitative determination of a DNA polymerase and a test kit useful in same |
US6414133B1 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2002-07-02 | Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. | Multiple fusion probes |
AU2003272438B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2009-04-02 | New England Biolabs, Inc. | Helicase dependent amplification of nucleic acids |
US8871469B1 (en) * | 2004-11-13 | 2014-10-28 | Steven Albert Benner | Self-avoiding molecular recognition systems in DNA priming |
JP2012516155A (en) * | 2009-01-27 | 2012-07-19 | キアゲン ゲーザーズバーグ | Thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification technique using endpoint homogeneous fluorescence detection |
-
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ZUNYI YANG ET AL: "Helicase-Dependent Isothermal Amplification of DNA and RNA by Using Self-Avoiding Molecular Recognition Systems", CHEMBIOCHEM - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL BIOLOGY., vol. 16, no. 9, 7 May 2015 (2015-05-07), DE, pages 1365 - 1370, XP055455614, ISSN: 1439-4227, DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500135 * |
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