EP3034699B1 - Working device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a working device for a tillage device with a milling drum with a milling drum tube, on the surface of which working tools are protruding, which are intended to come into contact with the milled material during the milling process, the working device comprising a drive train for driving the milling drum.

Soil cultivation machines are known in various designs. For example, the DE 201 22 928 U1 as a tillage machine, a road milling machine. It has a drive train. This includes a drive motor, a clutch and a gear (the so-called "milling drum gear"), as well as organs conveying these units, in particular shafts, toothed or endless drives. Within the scope of the invention, a drive train is to be understood in particular under the above definition. According to the DE 201 22 928 U1 is a milling drum used on the surface of its milling drum tube with work tools is equipped. Working tools are the units of the milling drum that interact functionally with the milled material during the work process. For example, these are milling chisels and the holder systems that carry the milling chisels. Furthermore, guide and ejector tools are often mounted on the milling drum as working tools. These have management and support functions.

When using a machine according to the invention, the work result is significantly influenced by the speed of the milling drum. The optimal speed is generally dependent on the application.

When fine milling road surfaces to restore grip, with a low milling depth, relatively higher speeds are required in order to produce a uniform milling pattern. Therefore, only a superficial processing takes place here.

When removing whole or more layers of the road structure, lower speeds tend to be cheaper, since it has been shown that this can ensure a better milling pattern with less development of fine-grain particles and therefore reduced dust development. In addition, wear on the milling tools is significantly reduced at low speeds. Furthermore, with a reduced milling drum speed, a reduced output power of the drive is also required, thus enabling lower fuel consumption. Overall, the lowest possible milling drum speed should therefore be aimed for in such applications.

In order to meet the various requirements, it is therefore known to be able to variably set the milling drum speed in road milling.

However, if the speed is chosen too low, the kinetic energy of the milling drum is no longer sufficient to process the milled material effectively, the milling drum will run unevenly and unevenly, which is shown, among other things, by vibrations of the entire tillage machine and the rocking of the machine. This can also damage the machine. Furthermore, due to the uneven running of the milling drum, the work quality suffers and irregularities in the milling pattern can occur. In extreme cases, the milling drum can "get stuck" with insufficient kinetic energy.

A heavy weight of the tillage machine helps to increase smoothness even at low speeds. However, this is disadvantageous in several respects, since on the one hand this has to make special demands on the transport (large milling machines> 40t → heavy transport) and on the other hand it limits the possible uses on substrates that are not structurally stable.

It is therefore known to load milling machines for stabilization. Additional weights are attached to the machine for this purpose. For example, it is known to make 1.3 tons available with additional weights in a road milling machine with a total weight of approximately 4.5 tons. In other words, the additional weights make up almost 1/3 of the machine weight. Such a machine can thus be used flexibly, but must be loaded with large additional weights for optimal adaptation to the respective task.

From the US 4,006,936 A a tillage machine with a milling device is known. To improve the smooth running of the milling drum, the use of a milling drum tube is recommended that has a greater wall thickness than conventional milling drum tubes. This procedure proves to be disadvantageous, particularly in production, since the milling drum tubes are rolled from a flat blank. The rolled blank is then welded at its longitudinal joints. Then the pipe manufactured and welded in this way has to be turned. The large material thickness increases the manufacturing effort considerably. The use of the thicker blank results in a significant increase in the work involved in forming. Due to the large wall thickness, the milling drum tube can only be manufactured significantly out of round, so that an increased amount of machining is required when over-turning.

With this configuration of the milling drum tube, it is also not possible to adapt flexibly to the respective task.

The US-A-2002/0192025 shows a working device with a load weight according to the preamble of claim 1.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a working device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables the milling drum speed to be optimized, an optimum sectional image being able to be generated in a simple manner in different applications.

This object is achieved in that load weights are interchangeably arranged on the milling drum to increase the kinetic energy.

The invention is based on the finding that the milling drums can run more smoothly if the kinetic energy in the drive train and / or the milling drum is increased. The kinetic energy results from the formula $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{red}}=\mathrm{½}{\mathrm{mr}}^{\mathrm{2nd}}{\mathrm{\omega }}^{\mathrm{2nd}}$$

Where m indicates the amount of the rotating mass and r the distance of this mass from the axis of rotation. The product mr ² represents the moment of inertia of the moving Mass and ω represent the angular velocity (2 ∗ π ∗ speed). Since the reduction in speed is desired, the invention now starts with the change in the moment of inertia. One or more load weights are installed on one or more rotating parts of the drive train or the milling drum.

Tests have shown that under otherwise identical conditions, by reducing the speed while increasing the moment of inertia, the power consumption during the milling process can be reduced by up to 30%. In addition to fuel consumption, chisel wear and coolant consumption are also reduced. In this way, the mass of the coolant (water) carried can be reduced in favor of a lower machine weight.

Reducing the speed also has the advantage of a longer machine running time before it has to be filled with coolant. Furthermore, due to the lower speed, the dust development decreases, which leads to a further reduction in the water requirement.

It has also been shown that an increase in the moment of inertia due to the load on the milling drum or in the drive train can achieve the same increase in smoothness as with a significantly higher load on the overall machine. Under otherwise identical circumstances, integer factors can lie in between.

Therefore, by increasing the moment of inertia, it is also possible to reduce the overall weight of the machine while maintaining smooth running. This makes it possible to use the machine more flexibly and the transport is simplified.

Overall, an application-specific coordination between the roller speed and the machine weight is thus made possible by selecting an appropriate loading of the milling drum or the drive train for the respective application.

This is particularly advantageous in the case of the interchangeable weights according to the invention, since this means that a machine and / or milling drum can be used for different tasks and can easily be optimally adapted to each.

The load weight can be arranged at any point on the drive train. Accordingly, it can be positioned, for example, after the drive motor.

According to a preferred embodiment variant of the invention, it can be provided that the drive train has a clutch and this, for example via a belt drive, has a transmission, and that the load weight is arranged downstream in the transmission or on the output side.

This arrangement relieves the load on the clutch and the transmission, since the impact factor acting on them is then reduced. If the one or more load weights are arranged after the transmission, this unit can also be effectively relieved. This increases the service life of the clutch and transmission.

The load weight can be firmly connected to the drive train. It can be interchangeably attached to the tillage machine if it is required specifically for the purpose of smooth running. A weight-optimized adaptation of the machine can also be carried out here. It also simplifies machine transport, since the load weight or loads can be handled separately, for example transported. In addition, the roll change is simplified because a lighter roll is easier to change and handle.

According to the invention it is provided that at least load weights are arranged in the area of the milling drum. Here the ballast weights can be used particularly effectively because they can be arranged at a large distance from the axis of rotation. This leads to a particular increase in smoothness, since the moment of inertia, and thus the kinetic energy, depend quadratically on the distance between the mass and the axis of rotation. Thus, the same effect can be achieved with lower load weights at a large distance from the axis of rotation as with large load weights at a small distance from the axis of rotation. The arrangement in the area of the milling drum also brings handling advantages. In particular, the load weights are easily accessible here if they are arranged interchangeably.

There is a significant increase in smoothness when it is provided that the load weight or weights have a mass which is suitable for increasing the moment of inertia of the milling drum by at least 10%, particularly preferably by at least 20%. With an increase of at least 20%, there is also the advantage that a significant relief of the machine weight is also possible. An experimental setup by the inventor showed that a 100 kg load on the milling drum enables a reduction of the total machine weight by 100 kg with constant running smoothness.

A conceivable variant of the invention is such that the drive train or the milling drum are prepared in such a way that the weight can be increased in two or more stages with the load weights. In this way, the tillage machine can be gradually adapted to the desired work task.

In addition, this subdivision of the load weights is particularly easy to use.

A tillage machine according to the invention can be designed such that receptacles with fastening means are arranged on the drive train or the milling drum, by means of which the load weights can be interchangeably coupled. In this way, the load weights can be safely and reliably positioned and fastened in rough construction site operations. The load weights can be formed here, for example, by segments or rings or similar units.

According to the invention, it is provided that the load weights in the interior enclosed by the milling drum tube are attached to the inside of the milling drum tube. Then the load weights are easily protected from attack by the milled material.

A possible design of the invention can be such that the load weight is formed by a fluid that is held in a fluid reservoir. For example, water can be used as the fluid. This can simply be drained off after use.

According to the invention, it can also be provided that the milling drum can be detachably mounted on coupling pieces of the drive train by means of a fastening arrangement, and that the load weights are interchangeably arranged on the fastening arrangement. The load weights are easily accessible here, especially when the milling drum is dismantled.

Alternatively, it is possible to arrange the load weights in the axially outer area of the milling drum to ensure easy access. This gives the possibility of (de) mounting the additional weights without having to remove the milling drum from the drive train.

It is also possible to combine the various fastening options so that a "small" load can be applied without great effort (for example, without dismantling the milling drum). If a higher load is desired, additional weights can also be attached to the inside of the milling drum after it has been removed.

Overall, in order to ensure smooth running, it is advisable to design the rotating component equipped with the load weight (s), at least the milling drum, in such a way that it is balanced. The load weights are arranged symmetrically to avoid unbalance.

A conceivable design of the invention is such that a hardened casting compound, preferably concrete, is used as the load weight. With this measure, the loading can be carried out effectively and inexpensively in a simple manner.

The load according to the invention is not possible only with mechanical drives with an internal combustion engine. Rather, a load is also possible with other drive variants of the milling drum. For example, it is conceivable to load hydraulic or electric milling drum drives on their rotating components and / or the milling drum, whereby the same advantages can be achieved.

Fig. 1

eine Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

in Seitenansicht und im Schnitt ein Teil einer Arbeitseinrichtung mit einer Fräswalze,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung eines Fräsaggregates mit einem Antriebstrang und einer Fräswalze in Schnittdarstellung.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a tillage machine in perspective view,

Fig. 2

in side view and in section, part of a working device with a milling drum,

Fig. 3

a schematic representation of a milling unit with a drive train and a milling drum in a sectional view.

Fig. 1 shows a self-propelled tillage machine 10, namely a road milling machine. The tillage machine 10 has a chassis 12 to which a driver's cab is assigned. A milling drum 20 is mounted in a milling drum box 41. The milling drum 20 has a milling drum tube 21 on the surface 22 of which working tools 30 are applied so as to protrude. The work tools 30 are in Fig. 1 only shown schematically. The work tools 30 usually comprise a chisel holder 32 in which a chisel 31 is interchangeably arranged. The bit holder 32 can be formed in one piece and, as in FIG Fig. 2 shown attached directly to the milling drum tube 21, for example welded. In addition, however, other embodiments are known for chisel holders 32, for example these can be formed by an upper part and a base part, the upper part being held interchangeably in the base part that is fastened on the milling drum tube 21. One or more chisels 31 can be exchangeably fastened in the chisel holder 32 itself.

As mentioned above, the milling drum 20 can be installed in the milling drum box 41 of the chassis 12. For this purpose, the milling drum 20 has a fastening arrangement 24. This can be designed, for example, in the form of a fastening flange. The milling drum 20 can be interchangeably connected to the tillage machine 10 via the fastening arrangement 24.

How Fig. 1 can finally be seen further, the chassis 10 has trolleys 13 and a conveyor 11 is provided. The undercarriages 13 can have wheels or chain drives, for example. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the rear right landing gear is pivotably arranged in order to enable milling close to the edges in the folded state. The milling drum 20 is arranged in the unfolded state of the right chassis between the chassis 13 of the rear axle. At least the rear trolleys are preferably adjustable in height to allow adjustment of the milling depth.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the milling drum 20 and the trolleys 13 are driven by a drive motor 51.

In the case of large milling machines, stabilizers, recyclers and surface miners, the milling drum 20 can, for example, be arranged between the chassis axles of the front and rear axles within the scope of the invention.

The milled material removed by the milling drum 20 can be removed by the conveyor 11. The conveyor device usually has one or more conveyor belts, of which at least the last conveyor belt in the conveying direction can be pivoted relative to the machine frame about a horizontal and a vertical axis.

Fig. 2 now shows an example of the design of the milling drum 20 in section. As can be seen in this illustration, the milling drum 20 has a milling drum tube 21. This is essentially designed as a hollow cylinder and has an outwardly facing surface 22 and an inside 23. The fastening arrangement 24 is mounted in the inner region enclosed by the milling drum 20, namely welded to the inside 23 of the milling drum tube 21. The fastening arrangement 24 is designed as a fastening flange and has pin receptacles. Coupling pieces 56 of a drive piece 58 can be inserted through the pin receptacles will. The coupling pieces 56 are formed like a pin and have an external thread. A nut can be screwed onto the external thread and the fastening arrangement 24 can thus be connected to the drive piece 58. In the assembled state, the fastening arrangement 24 strikes an end stop 57 of the drive piece 58. This provides secure support in the axial direction.

The drive piece 58 is part of a drive train 50. The drive train 50 can, for example, have a drive motor 51 to which a gear 53 is connected via a clutch 52 and a belt drive. How Fig. 2 reveals, the drive piece 58 is passed through an opening in a bearing wall 42 of the milling drum box 41.

Load weights 25 are attached to the milling drum 20. The load weights 25 are interchangeably connected to the milling drum 20. For example, it can be provided for this that fastening means 26 are arranged in a protected manner in the inner region of the milling drum tube 21. The fastening means 26 are particularly preferably arranged on the inside 23 of the milling drum tube 21 and / or on the fastening arrangement 24.

In the Fig. 2 two examples of the arrangement of load weights 25 are shown. For example, the fastening means 26 can be designed as screw bolts on the fastening arrangement 24. The load weights 25 can be pushed onto these with suitable fastening receptacles. The load weights 25 can then be secured by means of a nut. It is furthermore conceivable for the fastening means 26 to include receptacles 27 to be pushed in or onto the load weights 25. In Fig. 2 For example, a receptacle 27 is attached to the inside 23 of the milling drum tube 21 in the form of a pocket. The load weight 25 can be pushed into this. It can then be closed using a lid 27.1 secure. The cover 27.1 can, for example, be screwed to the fastening means 26 and / or the milling drum tube 21. It is also conceivable that an area is provided as a receptacle 27 in the milling drum tube 21, into which segments or rings are inserted.

The load weights 25 serve to increase the moment of inertia of the milling drum in favor of improved smoothness. This was described in detail at the beginning. Reference is made to the corresponding statements. The load weights 25 are preferably spaced as far radially as possible and therefore as in FIG Fig. 2 shown, according to the invention located on the inside 23 of the milling drum tube 21. In this way, the moment of inertia of the milling drum is significantly influenced. Instead of the in Fig. 2 shown configuration of the load weights 25 as insert parts, for example in the form of iron parts or screw-on weights, it can also be provided that a cavity is formed on the milling drum 20, which is filled with a casting compound, for example with concrete, or into which a fluid is filled and can be drained again.

It is also conceivable to attach load weights 25, preferably replaceably, to the drive piece 58, since they are easily accessible here when the milling drum 20 is removed.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of the invention. In this illustration, the housing 40 of the chassis 12 is shown as an example. The housing 40 forms the milling drum box 41. This is partitioned off by means of a bearing wall 42. Opposing the bearing wall 42, the milling drum box 41 is closed with an end wall 43. A coupling 52 and a gear 53 of a drive train 50 are accommodated outside the milling drum box 41. The gear 53 can also be arranged, for example, at least partially in the milling drum 50. To the Coupling 52 is coupled to a drive motor 51 via a drive shaft 55. The drive motor 51 is usually a diesel engine, which is accommodated in the chassis 12 of the tillage machine 10. The clutch 52 is suitable for being coupled to the gear 53, for example by means of a further drive shaft or by means of an endless drive. The gear 53 itself is connected on the output side to the milling drum 20. The connection can be made according to the attachment Fig. 2 be made. How Fig. 3 reveals, the drive train 50 includes the drive motor 51, the clutch 52 and the transmission 53. Furthermore, the drive train 50 includes the drive shaft 55 and the other drive shafts or endless drives conveying the aforementioned components.

The milling drum 20 again has the working tools 30 attached on its outside surface 22. Coming from the gear 53, a drive piece 58 is reinserted into the interior of the milling drum 20 and connected to a fastening arrangement 24 of the milling drum 20. Fig. 3 can now be seen that the rotatable drive member 58 has a hollow chamber as a fluid reservoir 54. A liquid, for example water, can be filled into the hollow chamber via a filler neck 28. The liquid then serves as a load weight 25. The filler neck 28 is designed so that the water can be drained from the fluid reservoir 54 again after the milling drum 20 has been used.

In addition, according to the invention, load weights can be attached to the rotating parts at any point on the drive train. Fig. 3 shows, by way of example, the attachment of a load weight 25 in the area of the drive shaft 55. However, the load weight is advantageously attached to a rotating part of the drive train 50 in the area after the gear 53. The impact load on the transmission 53 and the clutch 52 is thus minimized. In addition, the damping of intermediate drive components, for example belt drives, is then minimized.

• Fräswalze 20
• Ausgangsseite Getriebe 53 (z. B. Antriebsstück 58)
• Eingangsseite Getriebe 53 (z.B. Riemenscheibe vor Getriebe 53)
• Ausgangsseite Kupplung 52 (z.B. Riemenscheibe nach Kupplung 52, vor Riemenantrieb zum Getriebe 53)
• Eingangsseite Kupplung 52
• Oder alternativ in der Kupplung 52 oder in dem Getriebe 53

There are essentially the following options for attaching the load weights 25:

• Milling drum 20
• Output side gear 53 (e.g. drive piece 58)
• Input side gear 53 (e.g. pulley in front of gear 53)
• Output side clutch 52 (eg pulley after clutch 52, before belt drive to gear 53)
• Input side clutch 52
• Or alternatively in the clutch 52 or in the transmission 53

As the examples above show, the load weights 25 can be fixed to the drive train 50 or can be connected to it interchangeably. The interchangeable attachment offers the advantage that the machine can be flexibly adapted to different framework conditions and tasks.

Claims (10)

1. A working device for a soil cultivation device (10), the working device having a milling drum (20) with a milling drum tube (21), wherein on the surface (22) of the milling drum tube (21) projecting working tools (30) are arranged which are provided to come into contact with the milled material during the milling process, the working device having a drive train (50) for driving the milling drum (20), and wherein in the interior enclosed by the milling drum tube (21) load weights (25) are arranged to increase the kinetic energy, characterised in that the load weights (25) are replaceably arranged, in that receptacles (27) and/or fastening means (26) are arranged on the milling drum (20), by means of which the load weights (25) can be replaceably coupled, and in that the load weights (25) are arranged symmetrically on the inside (23) of the milling drum tube (21) to avoid unbalances.
2. The working device according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   a load weight (25) for increasing the kinetic energy is arranged, preferably replaceably, on the drive train (50).
3. The working device according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the drive train (50) has a coupling (52), downstream of which there is a gear (53) and at least one load weight (25) is arranged after, on or in the gear (53) in the drive direction.
4. The working device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   at least one load weight (25) has a mass which is suitable for increasing the moment of inertia of the milling drum (20) by at least 20%.
5. The working device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the at least one load weight (25) has a mass of at least 100 kg, particularly preferably at least 200 kg.
6. The working device according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
   characterised in that
   the drive train (50) and/or the milling drum (20) is/are prepared such that the weight can be increased in two or more stages with the load weight (25) on the drive train or the load weights (25) on the milling drum (20).
7. The working device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that
   at least one load weight (25) is formed by a fluid that is held in at least one fluid reservoir (54).
8. The working device according to any one of claims 1 to 7
   characterised in that
   the milling drum (20) can be detachably mounted on coupling pieces (56) of the drive train (50) by means of a fastening arrangement (24), and in that at least one load weight (25) is replaceably arranged on the fastening arrangement (24).
9. The working device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterised in that
   a cured casting compound, preferably concrete, is used as the load weight (25).
10. A road building machine, in particular a road milling machine, having a working device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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