EP3034315B1 - Security element, method for its production and data carrier equipped wth the security element - Google Patents
Security element, method for its production and data carrier equipped wth the security element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3034315B1 EP3034315B1 EP15003592.1A EP15003592A EP3034315B1 EP 3034315 B1 EP3034315 B1 EP 3034315B1 EP 15003592 A EP15003592 A EP 15003592A EP 3034315 B1 EP3034315 B1 EP 3034315B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- color
- security element
- shifting
- lacquer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 157
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005264 High molar mass liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000001439 Opuntia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004727 Opuntia ficus indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004920 heat-sealing lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012939 laminating adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optically variable security element for securing valuables, comprising a transparent support and a layer structure arranged on the support, which starting from the support has a transparent embossing lacquer layer with an embossed relief structure, a color-shifting layer, a dark resist lacquer and a color-tilting liquid crystal layer.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing such a security element and a data carrier with such a security element.
- Data carriers such as valuables or identity documents, or other valuables, such as branded articles, are often provided with security elements for the purpose of security, which permit verification of the authenticity of the data carriers and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
- Security elements with viewing-angle-dependent effects play a special role in the authentication of authenticity since they can not be reproduced even with the most modern copiers.
- the security elements are equipped with optically variable elements that give the viewer a different image impression under different viewing angles and, for example, show a different color or brightness impression and / or another graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.
- the color-shift effect is based on such thin-film elements on viewing angle-dependent Interference effects due to multiple reflections in the different sublayers of the element.
- the path difference of the light reflected at the different layers depends on the one hand on the optical thickness of a dielectric spacer layer, which determines the distance between a semi-transparent absorber layer and a reflective layer, and on the other hand varies with the respective viewing angle. Since the path difference is on the order of the wavelength of the visible light, the result is an angle-dependent color impression for the viewer due to the extinction and amplification of certain wavelengths.
- a suitable choice of material and thickness of the dielectric spacer layer a variety of different color shift effects can be designed.
- the object of the invention is to provide a security element of the type mentioned above with high security against forgery and an attractive visual appearance.
- a generic optically variable security element contains a transparent embossing lacquer layer with an embossed relief structure. It is preferred that the relief structure impressed into the embossing lacquer layer has a reflective Microstructure in the form of a mosaic of a variety (especially achromatic) reflecting mosaic elements, wherein the mosaic elements are characterized by the parameters size, outline, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation.
- Optically variable security elements with such a microstructure are known from the WO 2007/079851 A1 and from the WO 2011/066991 A2 known.
- micromirror is also used below.
- a micromirror-based security element provided with a color-shifting layer allows for dynamic reflection with a clear color change upon tilting of the security document-equipped value document.
- the security element can also be equipped with additional functionalities, such as with demetallized text elements and / or picture elements (such as denomination of denomination of the bill) or with magnetic coding.
- the optically variable security element according to the invention provides the viewer with a (in particular different) color-shift effect both in front-side plan view and in rear-side view of the security element when tilting the value document equipped with the security element.
- the viewer perceives the color-tilting liquid-crystal layer applied to the dark resist coating.
- the observer perceives the color-shifting layer present below the dark resist.
- front here is the By the embossing lacquer layer is meant the side of the security element carrier.
- the term “back side” refers to that side of the security element carrier which is opposite the side of the embossing lacquer layer.
- Both the color-shifting liquid crystal layer and the color-shifting layer serve as reflection layers for the mosaic elements.
- Thin-layer systems with a color-shift effect or layers of liquid-crystalline material, in particular of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material, are particularly suitable as the color-shifting layer.
- the color-shifting layer can be designed in particular as a thin-layer system or thin-film interference coating.
- the dielectric material for example, ZnS, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , MgF 2 or nitrocellulose can be used.
- the color-shifting layer may also be formed as an interference filter, thin semitransparent metal layer with selective transmission by plasma resonance effects, nanoparticles, etc.
- the color-shifting layer can in particular also be realized as a liquid-crystal layer, diffractive relief structure or sub-wavelength grating.
- the color-shifting layer is in the form of a thin-layer system with a structure absorber, dielectric, reflector (formed in this order on the embossing lacquer layer).
- the thin-layer system may have, for example, the layer sequence Cr (absorber) / SiO 2 (dielectric) / Al (reflector).
- the color-tilting liquid-crystal layer applied to a dark resist coating is based in particular on cholesteric liquid-crystalline material.
- Farbkippende liquid crystal layers are for example from GB 2 386 584 A known.
- Polymeric liquid-crystalline layers can be produced, for example, by printing technology or by coating or laminating methods.
- the dark resist can in particular contain a dye or a pigment.
- a black resist is preferred.
- the term "dark resist coating" can generally be understood to mean any dark, in particular black, color.
- the dark resist is preferably resistant to an etchant, e.g. an etching solution.
- the mosaic elements form a predetermined motif in that different groups of mosaic elements with different characteristic parameters reflect incident light into different spatial areas.
- the mosaic elements have a lateral dimension below the resolution limit of the eye.
- the mosaic elements preferably have a lateral dimension of less than 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 30 ⁇ m.
- Such small mosaic elements can be produced on the one hand in established film technology due to the small profile associated with low profile depth, on the other hand creates the small element size a variety of possible arrangements for the mosaic elements, as described in more detail below together with the associated benefits.
- the mosaic elements advantageously have a lateral dimension of more than 3 ⁇ m, preferably more than 5 ⁇ m. These dimensions ensure that wavelength-dependent light diffraction effects increase are negligible and that the incident light is achromatically reflected by the mosaic elements without disturbing color effects.
- the mosaic elements expediently have a square, rectangular, round, oval, honeycomb-shaped or polygonal-limited outline shape.
- the lateral dimensions of the mosaic elements in no direction are more than five times the dimension in one of the other directions.
- the mosaic elements have a simple relief shape with exactly one reflection surface inclined towards the surface of the security element.
- the angle of inclination of the reflection surface of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than approximately 45 °.
- the reflection surface of the mosaic elements may be flat or concave or convex.
- the mosaic elements have relief shapes with two or more reflection surfaces inclined in different directions against the surface of the security element.
- the mosaic elements may have a roof structure or a multi-sided pyramidal structure.
- the angle of inclination of the reflection surfaces of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than about 45 °, and the reflection surfaces of the mosaic elements can be both flat and concave or convex.
- the mosaic elements in regions a simple relief shape with a central, inclined to the surface of the security element reflection surface (the so-called middle orientation).
- the angles of inclination of the reflection surface of the mosaic elements have a substantially random variation by area-wise predetermined different average orientations.
- a glittering effect results which is practically the same as the appearance of magnetically oriented pigments of optically variable security inks.
- the mean orientation of the reflection surfaces (or facets) of different mosaic elements (or pixels) is selected analogously to the mean orientation of the pigments.
- the glittering effect of such colors is based on the fact that the individual pigments do not reflect exactly in a given direction, but that there is a certain random variation of the reflection directions.
- Optically variable security elements with such a microstructure are known from the WO 2011/066991 A2 known.
- the variation of the reflection directions predetermined by the variation of the orientations of the facets of different pixels is preferably at least about 1 °, preferably at least about 3 °, particularly preferably at least about 10 °.
- mosaic elements form retroreflectors, ie multi-reflective structures that reflect light incident from a certain angle range back into the direction of incidence.
- the mosaic elements in this case have a cube corner structure with a relief shape of three reflecting surfaces which are substantially perpendicular to one another and face each other.
- the three reflection surfaces define an optical axis, which is given for a cube corner structure by the spatial diagonal of the associated cube.
- the thus defined optical axis preferably points in a preselected direction for each mosaic element so that one or more image motifs can be displayed, as described in more detail below.
- the mosaic itself preferably represents a raster image of a plurality of pixels, each pixel being formed by one or more achromatically reflective mosaic elements.
- the brightness of the pixels of the raster image can be determined by one or more of the parameters size, contour shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements of the respective pixel, or by the number of mosaic elements with certain characteristic parameters in the respective pixel.
- a further information is encoded in the arrangement of the mosaic elements within a pixel.
- the mosaic of the security element can also reflect two or more different image motifs in different spatial areas, so that a tilt or movement image is created for the viewer with a corresponding movement of the security element.
- the mosaic may also reflect an enlarging or reducing contour of an image motif in different spatial areas, so that a pump image is created for the viewer with a corresponding movement of the security element. If the mosaic reflects at least two views of an image motif in different spatial regions, a stereo image of the image motif is created for the viewer at a preselected viewing distance.
- the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements may be selected such that one or all of the motif images for the viewer are visible in the planar orientation of the security element.
- these parameters may also be selected such that one or all of the motif images appear to the viewer only when a preselected deformation of the security element occurs.
- a security element may additionally include information in the form of patterns, characters, or encodings formed by nonreflective areas within the mosaic.
- the achromatically reflecting microstructures can also be combined with holographic or hologram-like diffraction structures, or with incorporated magnetic materials, with incorporated phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances, with specifically adjusted conductivity, in particular through a specifically set thickness of a metallic reflection layer, with color shift effects or colored embossing lacquer and be provided.
- the invention also includes a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which the surface profile of the microstructure is embossed in a lacquer layer, and the embossed lacquer layer with a color-shifting layer, a dark resist and a color-tilting liquid crystal layer is coated.
- the surface profile is thereby preferably embossed in a UV-curable lacquer layer and the lacquer layer cured after embossing.
- thermoplastic embossing As thermoplastic embossing z. As thermoplastic plastic materials into consideration, in which by means of a suitable embossing tool under the action of heat, the surface profile of the invention is impressed. Very common are z. B. thermoplastics, which are provided by means of a nickel die as embossing tool at a temperature of about 130 ° C with the microstructure according to the invention.
- the invention further comprises a data carrier, in particular a value document, such as a banknote, an identity card or the like, which is equipped with a security element of the type described.
- a data carrier in particular a value document, such as a banknote, an identity card or the like, which is equipped with a security element of the type described.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10, with two Security elements 12 and 16 is equipped with achromatisch reflective microstructures each according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the first security element in this case represents a security thread 12 in the form of a so-called "pendulum thread".
- the pendulum thread 12 has window regions 14 which protrude on the front side of the banknote 10 on the surface.
- the shuttle thread 12 window portions 18 (shown in phantom), which emerge on the back of the bill 10 on the surface.
- the window areas on both sides can be offset relative to the front or back, or partially overlapping or completely overlapping.
- the second security element is formed by an affixed in a window portion of the banknote 10 security element 16 of any shape.
- the banknote 10 may e.g. are based on a transparent plastic substrate, wherein the banknote in the region of the applied security element 16 neither on the front side, nor on the back has an ink, so that the area for the viewer is recognizable as a transparent window area.
- the applied in the transparent window area security element 16 may form in this way a see-through security element that provides the viewer when viewed in incident light from the front, when viewed in incident light from the back, and when viewed in transmitted light each have a different subject.
- the banknote 10 may alternatively be based on a foil / paper / foil composite substrate, wherein the central paper layer in the region of the applied security element 16 has a (in particular transparent) Adhesive or filler filled) recess.
- Foil / paper / foil composite substrates are made of WO 2004/028825 A2 known.
- the banknote 10 is based on a paper / foil / paper composite substrate, the outer paper layers each having a recess in the region of the applied security element 16 (see, for example, FIGS WO 2006/066431 A1 ).
- the banknote 10 is based on a paper substrate which has a continuous recess in the region of the applied security element 16.
- the continuous recess is covered on at least one side of the paper substrate by the applied security element 16 (see eg WO 2011/015622 A1 ).
- the security element 20 includes a raster image 22 of a plurality of pixels 24, each pixel 24 containing a plurality of achromatically reflecting micromirrors 26-1, 26-2, as for two of the pixels 24 in FIG Fig. 2 indicated.
- the micromirrors are characterized by the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation and reflect incident light 28 in accordance with the specifications of this parameter set, each in a specific spatial region 30.
- the micromirrors 26-1 and 26-2 of FIG Fig. 2 each have a square base area A, thus a square outline shape, and a lateral extent of 15 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m 2 .
- the micromirrors also have a simple relief shape with a single flat reflecting surface 32, which includes a certain inclination angle ⁇ with the surface of the security element.
- the security element 20 is now viewed from the spatial direction into which the first micromirrors 26-1 reflect, the pixels with the first micromirrors 26-1 appear bright, while the pixels with the second micromirrors 26-2 appear dark, so that corresponding to the arrangement the pixels 24, a "black and white" raster image with the desired image content is created.
- the micromirrors 26-1, 26-2 it is ensured in the selected dimensions of the micromirrors 26-1, 26-2 that the micromirrors are so small that they can not be resolved by the naked eye, so that each pixel 24 appears to the viewer as a uniform surface.
- the micromirrors are so large that wavelength-dependent light diffraction effects are negligible. The incident light is therefore achromatically reflected by the micromirrors 26-1, 26-2 without disturbing color effects.
- the pixels of the raster images are filled in the simplest case with similar micromirrors.
- the grid points each have a size of 100 .mu.m.times.100 .mu.m and contain 100 micromirrors with a base area of 10 .mu.m.times.10 .mu.m.
- "Dark" pixels can also be achieved by a random orientation of the individual micromirrors in this pixel, as this less light is directed in the spatial directions preferred by other pixels.
- FIG. 3 shows by way of illustration the layer structure of a security film 40 according to the invention with an achromatically reflecting micromirror structure before being applied to a substrate.
- a photosensitive UV lacquer layer 44 is applied homogeneously to a carrier film 42 and embossed in the shape of the desired surface relief. Subsequently, the embossed resist layer is cured by irradiation with UV light, and a light-reflecting layer structure 45 (to be described later in connection with FIGS FIG. 5 described in detail) applied. If a thermoplastic material is used instead of the UV lacquer layer 44, the surface relief at an elevated temperature, for. B. 130 ° C, molded in the thermoplastic and the thermoplastic material provided after curing with the light-reflecting layer structure 45.
- the finished structure is then applied via an adhesive layer 48 to a in Fig. 3 not shown substrate applied.
- the substrate may be, for example, a value document substrate, in particular a security paper.
- the carrier foil 42 can subsequently be removed.
- the reflective layer structure 45 is covered by the UV varnish 44, which is the protection of the embossed surface structure before impression and unwanted duplication serves.
- the higher the refractive index of the lacquer layer compared to the surrounding air means that the angle of inclination ⁇ required for a specific deflection of the incident light can be selected to be smaller than for uncovered mirror surfaces. Therefore, the profile height h can be made smaller, which facilitates the manufacturing process.
- Fig. 3 to recognize the surface relief shown there contains two types of micromirrors 46 with the same inclination angle ⁇ , but different spatial orientation. For example, when the security element is viewed vertically and when suitably illuminated, both micromirror types appear to be equally bright. If the observer tilts the security element to the right or left, the image motif formed by the micromirrors 46 emerges once in positive representation and once in negative representation.
- Fig. 4 shows the layer structure of a security thread 50 with an achromatically reflecting micromirror structure.
- a UV lacquer layer 54 is applied to a PET film 52, embossed in the form of the desired surface relief, hardened and coated with a light-reflecting layer structure 56 (described below in connection with FIGS FIG. 5 described in detail) provided.
- the layer structure thus obtained is then laminated by means of a laminating adhesive 58 onto a second PET film 60, which is provided with a machine-readable security feature in the form of transparent magnetic features 62.
- the security thread is coated on both sides with heat sealing lacquer 64.
- Transparent magnetic features are eg from the EP 1 497 141 B1 known.
- the micromirrors can be embodied in a multiplicity of configurations in order to reflect the incident light to varying degrees into different spatial regions (as in the US Pat FIG. 5 of the WO 2007/079851 A1 ).
- the light-reflecting layer structure (with the reference number 45 in the FIG. 3 and reference number 56 in the FIG. 4 ) contains a Cr layer as an absorber 451, a SiO 2 layer as a dielectric 452, an Al layer as a reflector 453, a black resist 454, and a color-tilting liquid crystal layer 455.
- the color-tilting liquid crystal layer 455 is based on a polymer liquid crystal material such as eg from the GB 2 386 584 A is known.
- FIG. 6c shows an alternative embodiment of the in the FIGS. 3 and 4 shown security element in which a recess in the form of a pattern or in the form of characters within the formed by the thin film system "absorber (451) dielectric (452) reflector (453)" color-shifting layer is present.
- the color-tilting liquid crystal layer 455 is schematically illustrated in the form of a solid line "suspended" in the region of the recess (this indicates that the liquid-crystal layer 455 is obtainable over the entire surface by means of a coating method).
- Figures 6a and 6b show the individual steps in the production of the in the FIG. 6c shown layer structure.
- the embossing lacquer 44 has the Cr absorber 451, the dielectric SiO 2 layer 452, and the Al reflector 453, each of which is obtainable by vapor deposition. On through the layers 451, 452 and 453 formed color-shifting thin-film element, a black resist coating 454 is partially printed.
- a demetallization step is carried out in which the areas of the color-shifting thin-film element (451, 452, 453) not protected by resist varnish 454 are washed off, for example by means of etching solution.
- the color-tilting liquid-crystal layer 455 is applied over the whole area by a coating process.
- the Indian FIG. 6c shown layer structure has only in the areas outside of the recess on color shift effects.
- Fig. 7 shows a further, alternative embodiment of a security element with a recess within the color-shifting layer, wherein the absorber layer 451 contained in the color-shifting layer additionally has recesses 456.
- the recesses 456 can be produced, for example, by a washing method, an etching method or by means of laser radiation.
- the recesses 456 can be produced after the application of all layers by means of actinic radiation, for example by means of a suitable laser.
- the notches 456 may be used to generate additional information, such as characters or patterns.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein optisch variables Sicherheitselement zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen, mit einem transparenten Träger und einem auf dem Träger angeordneten Schichtaufbau, der ausgehend vom Träger eine transparente Prägelackschicht mit einer eingeprägten Reliefstruktur, eine farbkippende Schicht, einen dunklen Resistlack und eine farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines derartigen Sicherheitselements und einen Datenträger mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement.The invention relates to an optically variable security element for securing valuables, comprising a transparent support and a layer structure arranged on the support, which starting from the support has a transparent embossing lacquer layer with an embossed relief structure, a color-shifting layer, a dark resist lacquer and a color-tilting liquid crystal layer. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a security element and a data carrier with such a security element.
Datenträger, wie etwa Wert- oder Ausweisdokumente, oder andere Wertgegenstände, wie etwa Markenartikel, werden zur Absicherung oft mit Sicherheitselementen versehen, die eine Überprüfung der Echtheit der Datenträger gestatten und die zugleich als Schutz vor unerlaubter Reproduktion dienen. Eine besondere Rolle bei der Echtheitsabsicherung spielen Sicherheitselemente mit betrachtungswinkelabhängigen Effekten, da diese selbst mit modernsten Kopiergeräten nicht reproduziert werden können. Die Sicherheitselemente werden dabei mit optisch variablen Elementen ausgestattet, die dem Betrachter unter unterschiedlichen Betrachtungswinkeln einen unterschiedlichen Bildeindruck vermitteln und beispielsweise je nach Betrachtungswinkel einen anderen Farb- oder Helligkeitseindruck und/oder ein anderes graphisches Motiv zeigen.Data carriers, such as valuables or identity documents, or other valuables, such as branded articles, are often provided with security elements for the purpose of security, which permit verification of the authenticity of the data carriers and at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction. Security elements with viewing-angle-dependent effects play a special role in the authentication of authenticity since they can not be reproduced even with the most modern copiers. The security elements are equipped with optically variable elements that give the viewer a different image impression under different viewing angles and, for example, show a different color or brightness impression and / or another graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist bekannt, Sicherheitselemente mit mehrschichtigen Dünnschichtelementen einzusetzen, deren Farbeindruck sich für den Betrachter mit dem Betrachtungswinkel ändert (im Folgenden als Farbkippeffekt bezeichnet). Der Farbkippeffekt beruht bei solchen Dünnschichtelementen auf betrachtungswinkelabhängigen Interferenzeffekten durch Mehrfachreflexionen in den verschiedenen Teilschichten des Elements. Der Wegunterschied des an den verschiedenen Schichten reflektierten Lichts hängt einerseits von der optischen Dicke einer dielektrischen Abstandsschicht ab, die den Abstand zwischen einer semitransparenten Absorberschicht und einer Reflexionsschicht festlegt, und variiert andererseits mit dem jeweiligen Betrachtungswinkel. Da der Wegunterschied in der Größenordnung der Wellenlänge des sichtbaren Lichts liegt, ergibt sich aufgrund von Auslöschung und Verstärkung bestimmter Wellenlängen ein winkelabhängiger Farbeindruck für den Betrachter. Durch eine geeignete Wahl von Material und Dicke der dielektrischen Abstandsschicht können eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Farbkippeffekte gestaltet werden.In this context, it is known to use security elements with multilayer thin-film elements whose color impression changes with the viewing angle for the viewer (referred to below as the color-shift effect). The color shift effect is based on such thin-film elements on viewing angle-dependent Interference effects due to multiple reflections in the different sublayers of the element. The path difference of the light reflected at the different layers depends on the one hand on the optical thickness of a dielectric spacer layer, which determines the distance between a semi-transparent absorber layer and a reflective layer, and on the other hand varies with the respective viewing angle. Since the path difference is on the order of the wavelength of the visible light, the result is an angle-dependent color impression for the viewer due to the extinction and amplification of certain wavelengths. By a suitable choice of material and thickness of the dielectric spacer layer a variety of different color shift effects can be designed.
Das Dokument
Ausgehend davon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sicherheitselement der eingangs genannten Art mit hoher Fälschungssicherheit und attraktivem visuellen Erscheinungsbild anzugeben.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to provide a security element of the type mentioned above with high security against forgery and an attractive visual appearance.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
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1. (Erster Aspekt der Erfindung) Optisch variables Sicherheitselement zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen, mit einem transparenten Träger und einem auf dem Träger angeordneten Schichtaufbau, der ausgehend vom Träger in der Reihenfolge die folgenden Schichten aufweist:
- eine transparente Prägelackschicht mit einer eingeprägten Reliefstruktur;
- eine farbkippende Schicht;
- einen dunklen Resistlack; und
- eine farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht.
- a transparent embossing lacquer layer with an embossed relief structure;
- a color-shifting layer;
- a dark resist varnish; and
- a color-tilting liquid crystal layer.
- 2. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Sicherheitselement nach Absatz 1, wobei die in die Prägelackschicht eingeprägte Reliefstruktur eine reflektierende Mikrostruktur in Form eines Mosaiks aus einer Vielzahl reflektierender Mosaikelemente ist, die durch die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung charakterisierbar sind und die ein vorbestimmtes Motiv bilden, indem verschiedene Gruppen von Mosaikelementen mit unterschiedlichen charakteristischen Parametern einfallendes Licht in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren, wobei die Mosaikelemente eine laterale Abmessung 1 unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des Auges aufweisen.2. (Preferred embodiment) The security element according to paragraph 1, wherein the embossed lacquer embossed relief structure is a reflective microstructure in the form of a mosaic of a plurality of reflective mosaic elements, which are characterized by the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation and the form a predetermined motif in that different groups of mosaic elements with different characteristic parameters reflect incident light into different spatial areas, the mosaic elements having a lateral dimension 1 below the resolution limit of the eye.
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3. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Sicherheitselement nach Absatz 2, wobei bei Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements von der Seite des transparenten Trägers her, die dem auf dem transparenten Träger angeordneten Schichtaufbau gegenüberliegt, die Mosaikelemente als Reflexionsschicht die farbkippende Schicht aufweisen.3. (Preferred embodiment) A security element according to
paragraph 2, wherein, when viewing the security element from the side of the transparent carrier which is opposite the layer structure arranged on the transparent support, the mosaic elements have the color-shifting layer as a reflection layer. - 4. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Sicherheitselement nach Absatz 3, wobei die farbkippende Schicht ein Dünnschichtsystem ist, aufweisend einen Absorber, ein Dielektrikum und einen Reflektor, die in der Reihenfolge auf der Prägelackschicht angeordnet sind.4. (Preferred Embodiment) A security element according to paragraph 3, wherein the color-shifting layer is a thin film system comprising an absorber, a dielectric and a reflector arranged in order on the embossing lacquer layer.
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5. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Sicherheitselement nach einem der Absätze 2 bis 4, wobei bei Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements von der dem auf dem transparenten Träger angeordneten Schichtaufbau zugewandten Seite her die Mosaikelemente als Reflexionsschicht die farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht aufweisen.5. (Preferred embodiment) A security element according to one of the
paragraphs 2 to 4, wherein when looking at the security element of the arranged on the transparent support layer structure facing side the mosaic elements have the color-tilting liquid-crystal layer as the reflection layer. - 6. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Sicherheitselement nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 5, wobei registergenau zueinander angeordnete Aussparungen in der farbkippenden Schicht und im dunklen Resistlack, und optional in der farbkippenden Flüssigkristallschicht, vorhanden sind.6. (Preferred embodiment) A security element according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein register exactly arranged mutually recesses in the color-shifting layer and in the dark resist, and optionally in the color-tilting liquid crystal layer, are present.
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7. (Zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines optisch variablen Sicherheitselements zur Absicherung von Wertgegenständen gemäß einem der Absätze 1 bis 6, umfassend
- a) das Bereitstellen eines transparenten Trägers, der eine transparente Prägelackschicht mit einer eingeprägten Reliefstruktur aufweist;
- b) das Aufbringen einer farbkippenden Schicht auf die Prägelackschicht;
- c) das Bedrucken der farbkippenden Schicht mit einem dunklen Resistlack;
- e) das Aufbringen einer farbkippenden Flüssigkristallschicht auf den dunklen Resistlack.
- a) providing a transparent support having a transparent embossing lacquer layer with an embossed relief structure;
- b) applying a color-shifting layer to the embossing lacquer layer;
- c) printing the color-shifting layer with a dark resist;
- e) applying a color-tilting liquid crystal layer to the dark resist.
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8. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Verfahren nach Absatz 7, wobei der dunkle Resistlack im Schritt c) bereichsweise auf die farbkippende Schicht aufgedruckt wird und zwischen den Schritten c) und e) der folgende Schritt d) durchgeführt wird:
- d) Entfernen der farbkippenden Schicht in den Bereichen, in denen die farbkippende Schicht nicht mit dunklem Resistlack versehen ist, durch Auswaschen mittels eines Ätzmittels, mittels eines Waschverfahrens oder mittels Laserstrahlung. Als Ätzmittel kann insbesondere ein Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden.
- d) removing the color-shifting layer in the areas in which the color-shifting layer is not provided with a dark resist, by washing with an etchant, by a washing process or by means of laser radiation. As etchant, in particular a solvent can be used.
- 9. (Dritter Aspekt der Erfindung) Datenträger mit einem Sicherheitselement nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 6.9. (Third aspect of the invention) Data carrier with a security element according to one of the paragraphs 1 to 6.
- 10. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Datenträger nach Absatz 9, wobei das Sicherheitselement in einem transparenten Fensterbereich des Datenträgers angeordnet ist.10. (Preferred embodiment) Data carrier according to paragraph 9, wherein the security element is arranged in a transparent window area of the data carrier.
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11. (Bevorzugte Ausgestaltung) Datenträger nach Absatz 9 oder 10, wobei der Datenträger ein Wertdokument, wie etwa eine Banknote, insbesondere eine Papierbanknote, Polymerbanknote oder Folienverbundbanknote, oder Ausweiskarte oder Passdatenseite ist.11. (Preferred embodiment) Data carrier according to
paragraph 9 or 10, wherein the data carrier is a value document, such as a banknote, in particular a paper banknote, polymer banknote or composite film banknote, or identification card or passport data page.
Gemäß der Erfindung enthält ein gattungsgemäßes optisch variables Sicherheitselement eine transparente Prägelackschicht mit einer eingeprägten Reliefstruktur. Es wird bevorzugt, dass die in die Prägelackschicht eingeprägte Reliefstruktur eine reflektierende Mikrostruktur in Form eines Mosaiks aus einer Vielzahl (insbesondere achromatisch) reflektierender Mosaikelemente ist, wobei die Mosaikelemente durch die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung charakterisiert sind. Optisch variable Sicherheitselemente mit einer solchen Mikrostruktur sind aus der
Anstelle der Formulierung "Mikrostruktur in Form eines Mosaiks aus einer Vielzahl (insbesondere achromatisch) reflektierender Mosaikelemente" wird nachstehend auch der Begriff "Mikrospiegel" verwendet.Instead of the phrase "microstructure in the form of a mosaic of a multiplicity (in particular achromatically) reflecting mosaic elements", the term "micromirror" is also used below.
Ein mikrospiegelbasiertes Sicherheitselement, das mit einer farbkippenden Schicht (wie z.B. einem sogenannten metallischen "ColourShift"-Aufbau) versehen ist, ermöglicht beim Kippen des mit dem Sicherheitselement ausgestatteten Wertdokuments eine dynamische Reflexion mit eindeutigem Farbwechsel. Das Sicherheitselement lässt sich zudem mit zusätzlichen Funktionalitäten ausstatten, wie z.B. mit demetallisierten Textelementen und/oder Bildelementen (wie z.B. die Bezeichnung der jeweiligen Denomination der Banknote) oder mit magnetischer Codierung.A micromirror-based security element provided with a color-shifting layer (such as a so-called metallic "ColorShift" construction) allows for dynamic reflection with a clear color change upon tilting of the security document-equipped value document. The security element can also be equipped with additional functionalities, such as with demetallized text elements and / or picture elements (such as denomination of denomination of the bill) or with magnetic coding.
Das erfindungsgemäße optisch variable Sicherheitselement bietet dem Betrachter sowohl in vorderseitiger Draufsicht, als auch in rückseitiger Draufsicht auf das Sicherheitselement beim Kippen des mit dem Sicherheitselement ausgestatteten Wertdokuments einen (insbesondere unterschiedlichen) Farbkippeffekt. Bei vorderseitiger Draufsicht auf das Sicherheitselement nimmt der Betrachter die auf dunklem Resistlack aufgebrachte farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht wahr. Bei rückseitiger Draufsicht nimmt der Betrachter die unterhalb des dunklen Resistlacks vorliegende farbkippende Schicht wahr. Mit "Vorderseite" wird hierbei die durch die Prägelackschicht gebildete Seite des Sicherheitselement-Trägers gemeint. Mit "Rückseite" wird hierbei die durch die der Prägelackschicht gegenüberliegende Seite des Sicherheitselement-Trägers bezeichnet.The optically variable security element according to the invention provides the viewer with a (in particular different) color-shift effect both in front-side plan view and in rear-side view of the security element when tilting the value document equipped with the security element. When viewed from the front side of the security element, the viewer perceives the color-tilting liquid-crystal layer applied to the dark resist coating. When viewed from the back, the observer perceives the color-shifting layer present below the dark resist. With "front" here is the By the embossing lacquer layer is meant the side of the security element carrier. In this case, the term "back side" refers to that side of the security element carrier which is opposite the side of the embossing lacquer layer.
Sowohl die farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht, als auch die farbkippende Schicht dienen als Reflexionsschichten für die Mosaikelemente. Als die farbkippende Schicht kommen insbesondere Dünnschichtsysteme mit Farbkippeffekt oder Schichten aus flüssigkristallinem Material, insbesondere aus cholesterischem flüssigkristallinem Material, in Betracht.Both the color-shifting liquid crystal layer and the color-shifting layer serve as reflection layers for the mosaic elements. Thin-layer systems with a color-shift effect or layers of liquid-crystalline material, in particular of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material, are particularly suitable as the color-shifting layer.
Die farbkippende Schicht kann insbesondere als Dünnschichtsystem bzw. Dünnfilm-Interferenzbeschichtung ausgebildet sein. Dabei kann z.B. eine Schichtfolge Metallschicht - dielektrische Schicht - Metallschicht oder eine Schichtfolge aus mindestens drei dielektrischen Schichten, wobei die Brechzahl der mittleren Schicht geringer ist als die Brechzahl der beiden anderen Schichten, verwirklicht werden. Als dielektrisches Material kann z.B. ZnS, SiO2, TiO2, MgF2 oder Nitrocellulose verwendet werden. Die farbkippende Schicht kann auch als Interferenzfilter, dünne semitransparente Metallschicht mit selektiver Transmission durch Plasmaresonanzeffekte, Nanopartikel, etc. ausgebildet sein. Die farbkippende Schicht kann insbesondere auch als Flüssigkristallschicht, diffraktive Reliefstruktur oder Sub-Wellenlängengitter realisiert sein.The color-shifting layer can be designed in particular as a thin-layer system or thin-film interference coating. In this case, for example, a layer sequence metal layer - dielectric layer - metal layer or a layer sequence of at least three dielectric layers, wherein the refractive index of the middle layer is less than the refractive index of the other two layers realized. As the dielectric material, for example, ZnS, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , MgF 2 or nitrocellulose can be used. The color-shifting layer may also be formed as an interference filter, thin semitransparent metal layer with selective transmission by plasma resonance effects, nanoparticles, etc. The color-shifting layer can in particular also be realized as a liquid-crystal layer, diffractive relief structure or sub-wavelength grating.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung liegt die farbkippende Schicht in Form eines Dünnschichtsystems mit einem Aufbau Absorber, Dielektrikum, Reflektor (in dieser Reihenfolge auf der Prägelackschicht ausgebildet) vor. Das Dünnschichtsystem kann z.B. die Schichtenfolge Cr (Absorber)/SiO2 (Dielektrikum)/Al (Reflektor) aufweisen.According to a preferred embodiment, the color-shifting layer is in the form of a thin-layer system with a structure absorber, dielectric, reflector (formed in this order on the embossing lacquer layer). The thin-layer system may have, for example, the layer sequence Cr (absorber) / SiO 2 (dielectric) / Al (reflector).
Die auf dunklem Resistlack aufgebrachte farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht basiert insbesondere auf cholesterischem flüssigkristallinen Material. Farbkippende Flüssigkristallschichten sind z.B. aus der
Der dunkle Resistlack kann insbesondere einen Farbstoff oder ein Pigment enthalten. Ein schwarzer Resistlack wird bevorzugt. Unter dem Begriff "dunkler Resistlack" kann allgemein jede dunkle, insbesondere schwarze Farbe verstanden werden. Der dunkle Resistlack ist bevorzugt resistent gegenüber einem Ätzmittel, z.B. einer Ätzlösung.The dark resist can in particular contain a dye or a pigment. A black resist is preferred. The term "dark resist coating" can generally be understood to mean any dark, in particular black, color. The dark resist is preferably resistant to an etchant, e.g. an etching solution.
Die Mosaikelemente bilden ein vorbestimmtes Motiv, indem verschiedene Gruppen von Mosaikelementen mit unterschiedlichen charakteristischen Parametern einfallendes Licht in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren. Darüber hinaus weisen die Mosaikelemente eine laterale Abmessung unterhalb der Auflösungsgrenze des Auges auf.The mosaic elements form a predetermined motif in that different groups of mosaic elements with different characteristic parameters reflect incident light into different spatial areas. In addition, the mosaic elements have a lateral dimension below the resolution limit of the eye.
Bevorzugt weisen die Mosaikelemente eine laterale Abmessung von weniger als 100 µm, insbesondere bevorzugt weniger als 30 µm auf. Derart kleine Mosaikelemente lassen sich aufgrund der mit der geringen Größe verbundenen geringen Profiltiefe einerseits in etablierter Folientechnologie herstellen, andererseits erschafft die geringe Elementgröße eine Vielzahl an möglichen Anordnungen für die Mosaikelemente, wie nachfolgend zusammen mit den jeweils verbundenen Vorteilen genauer geschildert.The mosaic elements preferably have a lateral dimension of less than 100 μm, particularly preferably less than 30 μm. Such small mosaic elements can be produced on the one hand in established film technology due to the small profile associated with low profile depth, on the other hand creates the small element size a variety of possible arrangements for the mosaic elements, as described in more detail below together with the associated benefits.
Die Mosaikelemente weisen vorteilhaft eine laterale Abmessung von mehr als 3 µm, vorzugsweise von mehr als 5 µm auf. Durch diese Abmessungen ist sichergestellt, dass wellenlängenabhängige Lichtbeugungseffekte zu vernachlässigen sind und dass das einfallende Licht von den Mosaikelementen ohne störende Farbeffekte achromatisch reflektiert wird.The mosaic elements advantageously have a lateral dimension of more than 3 μm, preferably more than 5 μm. These dimensions ensure that wavelength-dependent light diffraction effects increase are negligible and that the incident light is achromatically reflected by the mosaic elements without disturbing color effects.
Zweckmäßig weisen die Mosaikelemente eine quadratische, rechteckige, runde, ovale, wabenförmige oder polygonal begrenzte Umrissform auf. Die lateralen Abmessungen der Mosaikelemente betragen mit Vorteil in keiner Richtung mehr als das Fünffache der Abmessung in einer der anderen Richtungen.The mosaic elements expediently have a square, rectangular, round, oval, honeycomb-shaped or polygonal-limited outline shape. Advantageously, the lateral dimensions of the mosaic elements in no direction are more than five times the dimension in one of the other directions.
In einer vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante weisen die Mosaikelemente eine einfache Reliefform mit genau einer gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigten Reflexionsfläche auf. Der Neigungswinkel der Reflexionsfläche der Mosaikelemente beträgt dabei zweckmäßig weniger als 90°, bevorzugt weniger als etwa 45°. Die Reflexionsfläche der Mosaikelemente kann flach oder auch konkav oder konvex gewölbt sein.In an advantageous variant of the invention, the mosaic elements have a simple relief shape with exactly one reflection surface inclined towards the surface of the security element. The angle of inclination of the reflection surface of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than approximately 45 °. The reflection surface of the mosaic elements may be flat or concave or convex.
In anderen ebenfalls vorteilhaften Erfindungsvarianten weisen die Mosaikelemente Reliefformen mit zwei oder mehr in verschiedene Richtungen gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigten Reflexionsflächen auf. Insbesondere können die Mosaikelemente eine Dachstruktur oder eine mehrseitige pyramidale Struktur aufweisen. Auch bei dieser Variante beträgt der Neigungswinkel der Reflexionsflächen der Mosaikelemente zweckmäßig weniger als 90°, vorzugsweise weniger als etwa 45°, und die Reflexionsflächen der Mosaikelemente können sowohl flach als auch konkav oder konvex gewölbt sein.In other likewise advantageous variants of the invention, the mosaic elements have relief shapes with two or more reflection surfaces inclined in different directions against the surface of the security element. In particular, the mosaic elements may have a roof structure or a multi-sided pyramidal structure. Also in this variant, the angle of inclination of the reflection surfaces of the mosaic elements is expediently less than 90 °, preferably less than about 45 °, and the reflection surfaces of the mosaic elements can be both flat and concave or convex.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante weisen die Mosaikelemente bereichsweise eine einfache Reliefform mit einer mittleren, gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigten Reflexionsfläche auf (die sogenannte mittlere Orientierung). Die Neigungswinkel der Reflexionsfläche der Mosaikelemente weisen eine im Wesentlichen zufällige Variation um bereichsweise vorgegebene unterschiedliche mittlere Orientierungen auf. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein Glitzereffekt, der dem Erscheinungsbild magnetisch ausgerichteter Pigmente optisch variabler Sicherheitsfarben praktisch gleicht. Hierzu wird die mittlere Orientierung der Reflexionsflächen (bzw. Facetten) unterschiedlicher Mosaikelemente (bzw. Pixel) analog zur mittleren Orientierung der Pigmente gewählt. Der Glitzereffekt solcher Farben beruht darauf, dass die einzelnen Pigmente nicht exakt in eine vorgegebene Richtung reflektieren, sondern dass eine gewisse zufällige Variation der Reflexionsrichtungen vorliegt. Optisch variable Sicherheitselemente mit einer solchen Mikrostruktur sind aus der
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Erfindungsvariante bilden Mosaikelemente Retroreflektoren, also mehrfach reflektierende Strukturen, die aus einem gewissen Winkelbereich einfallendes Licht in die Einfallsrichtung zurückreflektieren. Insbesondere weisen die Mosaikelemente dabei eine Würfeleckstruktur mit einer Reliefform aus drei im Wesentlichen aufeinander senkrecht stehenden und einander zugewandten Reflexionsflächen auf. Die drei Reflexionsflächen definieren eine optische Achse, die für eine Würfeleckstruktur durch die Raumdiagonale des zugehörigen Würfels gegeben ist. Die so definierte optische Achse zeigt vorzugsweise für jedes Mosaikelement in eine vorgewählte Richtung, so dass ein oder mehrere Bildmotive dargestellt werden können, wie weiter unten genauer beschrieben.According to a further advantageous variant of the invention, mosaic elements form retroreflectors, ie multi-reflective structures that reflect light incident from a certain angle range back into the direction of incidence. In particular, the mosaic elements in this case have a cube corner structure with a relief shape of three reflecting surfaces which are substantially perpendicular to one another and face each other. The three reflection surfaces define an optical axis, which is given for a cube corner structure by the spatial diagonal of the associated cube. The thus defined optical axis preferably points in a preselected direction for each mosaic element so that one or more image motifs can be displayed, as described in more detail below.
Das Mosaik selbst stellt bevorzugt ein Rasterbild aus einer Mehrzahl von Bildpunkten dar, wobei jeder Bildpunkt durch ein oder mehrere achromatisch reflektierende Mosaikelemente gebildet ist. Die Helligkeit der Bildpunkte des Rasterbilds kann dabei durch einen oder mehrere der Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung der Mosaikelemente des jeweiligen Bildpunkts bestimmt sein, oder auch durch die Anzahl der Mosaikelemente mit bestimmten charakteristischen Parametern in dem jeweiligen Bildpunkt.The mosaic itself preferably represents a raster image of a plurality of pixels, each pixel being formed by one or more achromatically reflective mosaic elements. The brightness of the pixels of the raster image can be determined by one or more of the parameters size, contour shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements of the respective pixel, or by the number of mosaic elements with certain characteristic parameters in the respective pixel.
Bei einer Weiterentwicklung des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements ist in der Anordnung der Mosaikelemente innerhalb eines Bildpunktes eine weitere Information codiert.In a further development of the security element according to the invention, a further information is encoded in the arrangement of the mosaic elements within a pixel.
Erfindungsgemäß kann das Mosaik des Sicherheitselements auch zwei oder mehr unterschiedliche Bildmotive in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren, so dass für den Betrachter bei entsprechender Bewegung des Sicherheitselements ein Kipp- oder Bewegungsbild entsteht. In einer anderen Gestaltung kann das Mosaik auch eine sich vergrößernde oder verkleinernde Umrisslinie eines Bildmotivs in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche reflektieren, so dass für den Betrachter bei entsprechender Bewegung des Sicherheitselements ein Pumpbild entsteht. Reflektiert das Mosaik zumindest zwei Ansichten eines Bildmotivs in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche, so entsteht für den Betrachter in einem vorgewählten Betrachtungsabstand ein Stereobild des Bildmotivs.According to the invention, the mosaic of the security element can also reflect two or more different image motifs in different spatial areas, so that a tilt or movement image is created for the viewer with a corresponding movement of the security element. In another embodiment, the mosaic may also reflect an enlarging or reducing contour of an image motif in different spatial areas, so that a pump image is created for the viewer with a corresponding movement of the security element. If the mosaic reflects at least two views of an image motif in different spatial regions, a stereo image of the image motif is created for the viewer at a preselected viewing distance.
In allen beschriebenen Gestaltungen können die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung der Mosaikelemente so gewählt sein, dass eines oder alle der Motivbilder für den Betrachter bei ebener Ausrichtung des Sicherheitselements sichtbar sind. Diese Parameter können alternativ oder zusätzlich auch so gewählt sein, dass eines oder alle der Motivbilder für den Betrachter erst bei einer vorgewählten Verformung des Sicherheitselements erscheinen.In all the embodiments described, the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements may be selected such that one or all of the motif images for the viewer are visible in the planar orientation of the security element. Alternatively or additionally, these parameters may also be selected such that one or all of the motif images appear to the viewer only when a preselected deformation of the security element occurs.
Neben den Ausführungsformen, bei denen der Betrachter das Sicherheitselement selbst betrachtet, kommen auch Gestaltungen infrage, bei denen die Parameter Größe, Umrissform, Reliefform, Reflexionsvermögen und räumliche Ausrichtung der Mosaikelemente so gewählt sind, dass das Sicherheitselement eines oder alle der Motivbilder bei vorgewählter Beleuchtung auf eine Auffangfläche vorgewählter Geometrie projiziert.In addition to the embodiments in which the viewer views the security element itself, configurations in which the parameters size, outline shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation of the mosaic elements are selected so that the security element of one or all of the motif images with preselected lighting on projected a collection area of preselected geometry.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselemente können mit weiteren Sicherheitsmerkmalen kombiniert sein. Beispielsweise kann ein Sicherheitselement zusätzlich Informationen in Form von Mustern, Zeichen oder Codierungen aufweisen, die durch nichtreflektierende Bereiche innerhalb des Mosaiks gebildet sind. Auch können die achromatisch reflektierenden Mikrostrukturen mit holographischen oder hologrammähnlichen Beugungsstrukturen kombiniert, oder mit eingearbeiteten magnetischen Stoffen, mit eingearbeiteten phosphoreszierenden, fluoreszierenden oder sonstigen lumineszierenden Stoffen, mit gezielt eingestellter Leitfähigkeit, insbesondere durch eine gezielt eingestellte Dicke einer metallischen Reflexionsschicht, mit Farbkippeffekten oder gefärbtem Prägelack und dergleichen versehen sein.The security elements according to the invention can be combined with other security features. For example, a security element may additionally include information in the form of patterns, characters, or encodings formed by nonreflective areas within the mosaic. The achromatically reflecting microstructures can also be combined with holographic or hologram-like diffraction structures, or with incorporated magnetic materials, with incorporated phosphorescent, fluorescent or other luminescent substances, with specifically adjusted conductivity, in particular through a specifically set thickness of a metallic reflection layer, with color shift effects or colored embossing lacquer and be provided.
Die Erfindung enthält auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements der beschriebenen Art, bei dem das Oberflächenprofil der Mikrostruktur in eine Lackschicht geprägt wird, und die geprägte Lackschicht mit einer farbkippenden Schicht, einem dunklen Resistlack und einer farbkippenden Flüssigkristallschicht beschichtet wird. Das Oberflächenprofil wird dabei bevorzugt in eine UV-härtbare Lackschicht geprägt und die Lackschicht nach der Prägung ausgehärtet.The invention also includes a method for producing a security element of the type described, in which the surface profile of the microstructure is embossed in a lacquer layer, and the embossed lacquer layer with a color-shifting layer, a dark resist and a color-tilting liquid crystal layer is coated. The surface profile is thereby preferably embossed in a UV-curable lacquer layer and the lacquer layer cured after embossing.
Das erfindungsgemäße Oberflächenprofil der Mikrostruktur kann grundsätzlich in alle bekannten Materialien eingebracht werden, die dem Prägeverfahren zugänglich sind. Neben den bereits erwähnten und bevorzugten UV-härtbaren Lacken können deshalb z. B. auch thermoplastische Prägelacke Verwendung finden. Als thermoplastische Prägelacke kommen z. B. thermoplastische Kunststoffmaterialien in Betracht, in die mittels eines geeigneten Prägewerkzeugs unter Einwirken von Wärme das erfindungsgemäße Oberflächenprofil eingeprägt wird. Sehr verbreitet sind z. B. thermoplastische Kunststoffe, die mittels einer Nickelmatrize als Prägewerkzeug bei einer Temperatur von ca. 130 °C mit der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrostruktur versehen werden.The surface profile of the microstructure according to the invention can in principle be incorporated into all known materials which are accessible to the embossing process. In addition to the already mentioned and preferred UV-curable coatings can therefore z. B. also be used thermoplastic embossing. As thermoplastic embossing z. As thermoplastic plastic materials into consideration, in which by means of a suitable embossing tool under the action of heat, the surface profile of the invention is impressed. Very common are z. B. thermoplastics, which are provided by means of a nickel die as embossing tool at a temperature of about 130 ° C with the microstructure according to the invention.
Die Erfindung umfasst weiter einen Datenträger, insbesondere ein Wertdokument, wie eine Banknote, eine Ausweiskarte oder dergleichen, der mit einem Sicherheitselement der beschriebenen Art ausgestattet ist.The invention further comprises a data carrier, in particular a value document, such as a banknote, an identity card or the like, which is equipped with a security element of the type described.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion has been dispensed with in order to increase the clarity.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem eingebetteten Sicherheitsfaden und einem aufgeklebten Sicherheitselement,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung des Prinzips erfindungsgemäßer Sicherheitselemente;
- Fig. 3
- den Schichtaufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsfolie vor dem Applizieren auf ein Substrat,
- Fig. 4
- den Schichtaufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsfadens im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 5
- den in der
Figur 3 gezeigten Bereich "B" in Vergrößerung, um die farbkippende Schicht, den dunklen Resistlack und die farbkippende Flüssigkristallschicht zu veranschaulichen; - Fig. 6
- eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Sicherheitselements mit einer Aussparung innerhalb der farbkippenden Schicht (siehe
Figur 6c ) und ein Herstellungsverfahren (sieheFiguren 6a und 6b ); - Fig. 7
- eine weitere, alternative Ausführungsform eines Sicherheitselements mit einer Aussparung innerhalb der farbkippenden Schicht, wobei die in der farbkippenden Schicht enthaltene Absorberschicht zusätzlich Aussparungen aufweist.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a banknote with an embedded security thread and a glued security element,
- Fig. 2
- a schematic representation for explaining the principle of inventive security elements;
- Fig. 3
- the layer structure of a security film according to the invention before being applied to a substrate,
- Fig. 4
- the layer structure of a security thread according to the invention in cross-section,
- Fig. 5
- in the
FIG. 3 Enlarged area "B" shown to illustrate the color-shifting layer, the dark resist, and the color-shifting liquid crystal layer; - Fig. 6
- an alternative embodiment of a security element with a recess within the Farbkippenden layer (see
FIG. 6c ) and a manufacturing process (seeFigures 6a and 6b ); - Fig. 7
- a further alternative embodiment of a security element with a recess within the color-shifting layer, wherein the absorber layer contained in the color-shifting layer additionally has recesses.
Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel einer Banknote erläutert.
Das zweite Sicherheitselement ist durch ein in einem Fensterbereich der Banknote 10 aufgeklebtes Sicherheitselement 16 beliebiger Form gebildet.The second security element is formed by an affixed in a window portion of the
Die Banknote 10 kann z.B. auf einem transparenten Kunststoff-Substrat basieren, wobei die Banknote im Bereich des applizierten Sicherheitselements 16 weder auf der Vorderseite, noch auf der Rückseite eine Druckfarbe aufweist, sodass der Bereich für den Betrachter als transparenter Fensterbereich erkennbar ist. Das in dem transparenten Fensterbereich applizierte Sicherheitselement 16 kann auf diese Weise ein Durchsichtssicherheitselement bilden, das für den Betrachter bei Betrachtung im Auflicht von der Vorderseite, bei Betrachtung im Auflicht von der Rückseite, und bei Betrachtung im Durchlicht jeweils ein unterschiedliches Motiv bereitstellt.The
Die Banknote 10 kann alternativ auf einem Folie/Papier/Folie-Verbundsubstrat beruhen, wobei die zentrale Papierschicht im Bereich des applizierten Sicherheitselements 16 eine (insbesondere mit transparentem Klebstoff oder Füllstoff gefüllte) Aussparung aufweist. Folie/Papier/Folie-Verbundsubstrate sind aus der
Gemäß einer weiteren Alternative beruht die Banknote 10 auf einem Papier/Folie/Papier-Verbundsubstrat, wobei die äußeren Papierschichten im Bereich des applizierten Sicherheitselements 16 jeweils eine Aussparung aufweisen (siehe z.B. die
Gemäß einer weiteren Alternative beruht die Banknote 10 auf einem Papiersubstrat, das im Bereich des applizierten Sicherheitselements 16 eine durchgehende Aussparung aufweist. Die durchgehende Aussparung wird auf zumindest einer Seite des Papiersubstrats vom applizierten Sicherheitselement 16 abgedeckt (siehe z.B. die
Das Prinzip erfindungsgemäßer Sicherheitselemente wird nun mit Bezug auf die schematische Darstellung der
Beispielsweise weisen die Mikrospiegel 26-1 und 26-2 der
In ersten Bildpunkten liegen dabei Mikrospiegel 26-1 einer ersten Art vor, bei denen die Reflexionsfläche 32 einen Neigungswinkel von α = 30° zur Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements aufweist. Bei einer lateralen Ausdehnung von 1 = 15 µm ergibt sich bei diesem Neigungswinkel eine Strukturhöhe h von h = 1*tan(α) = 8,7 µm für die Mikrospiegel 26-1. In zweiten Bildpunkten liegen Mikrospiegel 26-2 einer zweiten Art vor, deren Reflexionsfläche 32 nicht gegen die Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements geneigt ist (ausgedrückt durch Neigungswinkel α = 0°).In first pixels, there are micromirrors 26-1 of a first type, in which the
Wird das Sicherheitselement 20 nun aus der Raumrichtung betrachtet, in die die ersten Mikrospiegel 26-1 reflektieren, so erscheinen die Bildpunkte mit den ersten Mikrospiegeln 26-1 hell, die Bildpunkte mit den zweiten Mikrospiegeln 26-2 dagegen dunkel, so dass entsprechend der Anordnung der Bildpunkte 24 ein "schwarz-weißes" Rasterbild mit dem gewünschten Bildinhalt entsteht.If the
Bei den gewählten Abmessungen der Mikrospiegel 26-1, 26-2 ist einerseits sichergestellt, dass die Mikrospiegel so klein sind, dass sie vom bloßen Auge nicht aufgelöst werden können, dass somit jeder Bildpunkt 24 für den Betrachter als einheitliche Fläche erscheint. Andererseits sind die Mikrospiegel so groß, dass wellenlängenabhängige Lichtbeugungseffekte zu vernachlässigen sind. Das einfallende Licht wird daher von den Mikrospiegeln 26-1, 26-2 ohne störende Farbeffekte achromatisch reflektiert.On the one hand, it is ensured in the selected dimensions of the micromirrors 26-1, 26-2 that the micromirrors are so small that they can not be resolved by the naked eye, so that each
Die Bildpunkte der Rasterbilder sind im einfachsten Fall mit jeweils gleichartigen Mikrospiegeln gefüllt. Beispielsweise können die Rasterpunkte jeweils eine Größe von 100 µm x 100 µm aufweisen und 100 Mikrospiegel mit einer Grundfläche von 10 µm x 10 µm enthalten. "Dunkle" Bildpunkte können auch durch eine zufällige Ausrichtung der einzelnen Mikrospiegel in diesem Bildpunkt erreicht werden, da dadurch weniger Licht in die von anderen Bildpunkten bevorzugten Raumrichtungen gelenkt wird.The pixels of the raster images are filled in the simplest case with similar micromirrors. For example, the grid points each have a size of 100 .mu.m.times.100 .mu.m and contain 100 micromirrors with a base area of 10 .mu.m.times.10 .mu.m. "Dark" pixels can also be achieved by a random orientation of the individual micromirrors in this pixel, as this less light is directed in the spatial directions preferred by other pixels.
Die Herstellung von Sicherheitselementen mit Oberflächenprofilen, die derartige Mikrospiegel enthalten, stellt hohe Anforderungen an den Produktionsprozess.
Zur Herstellung der Sicherheitsfolie 40 wird eine lichtempfindliche UV-Lackschicht 44 homogen auf eine Trägerfolie 42 aufgebracht und in der Form des gewünschten Oberflächenreliefs geprägt. Anschließend wird die geprägte Lackschicht durch Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht gehärtet und ein lichtreflektierender Schichtaufbau 45 (der nachstehend im Zusammenhang mit der
Die fertige Struktur wird dann über eine Klebeschicht 48 auf ein in
Wie aus
Das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Die Mikrospiegel können erfindungsgemäß in einer Vielzahl von Ausgestaltungen ausgebildet werden, um das einfallende Licht in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß in unterschiedliche Raumbereiche zu reflektieren (wie z.B. in der
In der
Bei Betrachtung der in der
Bei Betrachtung der in der
Bei Betrachtung der in der
Bei Betrachtung des in der
Gemäß der
Gemäß der
Gemäß der
Der in der
Claims (11)
- An optically variable security element (12, 20, 40, 50) for securing valuables (10), with a layer structure (45, 56) having the following layers in the order:- a transparent embossing lacquer layer (44, 54) with an embossed relief structure;- a color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453);- a dark resist lacquer (454); and- a liquid crystal layer (455),characterized in that
the layer structure is arranged on a transparent carrier (42, 52),
that the order of the layers proceeds from the carrier, and
that the liquid crystal layer is color-shifting. - The security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to claim 1, wherein the relief structure embossed in the embossing lacquer layer (44, 54) is a reflecting micro-structure in the form of a mosaic (24) of a multiplicity of reflecting mosaic elements (26-1, 26-2) which can be characterized by the parameters of size, contour shape, relief shape, reflectivity and spatial orientation and which form a predetermined motif by different groups of mosaic elements (26-1, 26-2) reflecting impinging light in different spatial regions with different characteristic parameters, wherein the mosaic elements (26-1, 26-2) have a lateral dimension 1 below the resolution limit of the eye.
- The security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to claim 2, wherein, when viewing the security element (12, 20, 40, 50) from the side of the transparent carrier (42,52) that is disposed opposite the layer structure (45, 56) arranged on the transparent carrier (42, 52), the mosaic elements (26-1, 26-2) have the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) as reflective layer.
- The security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to claim 3, wherein the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) is a thin film system, having an absorber (451), a dielectric (452) and a reflector (453), which are arranged on the embossing lacquer layer (44, 54) in this order.
- The security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, when viewing the security element (12, 20, 40, 50) from the side facing the layer structure (45, 56) arranged on the transparent carrier (42, 52), the mosaic elements (26-1, 26-2) have the color-shifting liquid crystal layer (455) as reflective layer.
- The security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein gaps which are arranged in accurate mutual register are present in the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) and in the dark resist lacquer (454), and optionally in the color-shifting liquid crystal layer (455).
- A method for manufacturing an optically variable security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprisinga) making available a transparent carrier (42, 52) having a transparent embossing lacquer layer (44, 54) with an embossed relief structure;b) applying a color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) to the embossing lacquer layer (44, 54);c) printing the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) with a dark resist lacquer (454);e) applying a color-shifting liquid crystal layer (455) to the dark resist lacquer (454).
- The method according to claim 7, wherein the dark resist lacquer (454) in step c) is printed in partial regions onto the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) and between the steps c) and e) the following step d) is carried out:d) removing the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) in the areas where the color-shifting layer (451, 452, 453) is not equipped with dark resist lacquer (454) by washing out by means of an etching substance, by means of a washing process or by means of laser radiation.
- A data carrier (10) with a security element (12, 20, 40, 50) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
- The data carrier (10) according to claim 9, wherein the security element (12, 20, 40, 50) is arranged in a transparent window region of the data carrier (10).
- The data carrier (10) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the data carrier (10) is a value document, such as a banknote, in particular a paper banknote, a polymer banknote or a foil composite banknote, or an identification card or passport data page.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102014018890.6A DE102014018890A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2014-12-17 | Security element, method for producing the same and equipped with the security element disk |
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EP3034315A1 EP3034315A1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
EP3034315B1 true EP3034315B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
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EP15003592.1A Active EP3034315B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2015-12-16 | Security element, method for its production and data carrier equipped wth the security element |
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EP (1) | EP3034315B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014018890A1 (en) |
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DE102016009024A1 (en) | 2016-07-25 | 2018-01-25 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security paper, security element and value document |
DE102019005551A1 (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Manufacturing process for a security paper and thus obtainable security paper |
DE102021120697A1 (en) | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-09 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | METHOD OF CONTACTING AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE PAPER STRUCTURE, COMPOSITE AND USE |
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DE10226114A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element for security papers and documents of value |
GB0201767D0 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2002-03-13 | Rue De Int Ltd | Improvements in methods of manufacturing substrates |
GB0209564D0 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2002-06-05 | Rue De Int Ltd | Improvements in substrates |
DE10243653A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | security paper |
AU2005318857B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2011-05-26 | Landqart | Multilayer structure as a printing substrate, and method for the production thereof |
DE102005061749A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable security element for making valuable objects safe has an achromatic reflecting micro-structure taking the form of a mosaic made from achromatic reflecting mosaic elements |
DE102009036314A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a security element and security element obtainable by the method |
DE102010047250A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element, value document with such a security element and manufacturing method of a security element |
-
2014
- 2014-12-17 DE DE102014018890.6A patent/DE102014018890A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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