EP3032064B1 - Compensating tank for the cooling liquid of liquid-cooled combustion engines - Google Patents

Compensating tank for the cooling liquid of liquid-cooled combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3032064B1
EP3032064B1 EP15002877.7A EP15002877A EP3032064B1 EP 3032064 B1 EP3032064 B1 EP 3032064B1 EP 15002877 A EP15002877 A EP 15002877A EP 3032064 B1 EP3032064 B1 EP 3032064B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
expansion tank
air
coolant
volume
valve
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EP15002877.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3032064A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Hügel
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/029—Expansion reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01P11/18—Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning coolant pressure, coolant flow, or liquid-coolant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/0204—Filling
    • F01P11/0209—Closure caps
    • F01P11/0238—Closure caps with overpressure valves or vent valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/0285—Venting devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/04—Arrangements of liquid pipes or hoses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expansion tank for the cooling liquid of a liquid-cooled machine, in particular an internal combustion engine of a vehicle.
  • Expansion tanks for the cooling liquid of the type mentioned at the outset are known from practice, which serve to hold the expanding cooling liquid.
  • Figure 1 shows such a known expansion tank 10 in a highly schematic view.
  • the expansion tank 10 is usually installed so that it represents the highest point in the cooling system.
  • the expansion tank 10 has an inflow connection arranged in the lower region of the expansion tank 10 and an outflow connection for connecting the expansion tank 10 to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine (not shown in each case).
  • the expansion tank 10 also has a filler neck 4 arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank, which has a lower edge 9 spaced from the expansion tank ceiling 14 to limit the fill level.
  • a valve 5 sealing the filler neck 4 is provided, which serves to secure the cooling system against excess pressure and via which the expansion tank 10 can be filled with the coolant 1.
  • the maximum filling of the expansion tank 10 usually corresponds to a filling when the engine is cold with coolant 1 to the lower edge 9 of the filling nozzle 4, as in FIG Figure 1 shown.
  • a pre-pressure in the air volume 2 of the expansion tank 10 then arises due to the heating and consequent expansion of the coolant.
  • Pressure compensation in the cooling system takes place via valve 5 in the expansion tank closure cover.
  • An increase in the coolant temperature leads to an increase in pressure in the cooling system because the coolant expands.
  • the pressure in the expansion tank 10 increases, whereupon the pressure relief valve 5 in the closure lid opens and air and possibly also coolant can escape.
  • a negative pressure develops in the cooling system. Coolant is sucked back out of the container 10. This also creates a negative pressure in the container 10.
  • the vacuum compensation valve in the closure lid of the container 10 opens. Air flows into the container 10 until pressure compensation is achieved.
  • the outer skin or outer wall of the expansion tank 30 is designated by the reference number 3.
  • Conventional expansion tanks 10 have a fixedly defined air volume 2 when they are filled to the maximum with coolant 1. If internal combustion engines with different cooling circuits are to be equipped with the same expansion tank 10, this has the following disadvantages: In cooling circuits with low heat input, there is not sufficient pre-pressure. In contrast, in cooling circuits with high heat input, the admission pressure is controlled via the valve 5, or coolant is ejected. These disadvantages can be avoided by providing different expansion tanks, which are each adapted to the special cooling circuits in which they are used. However, this increases the number of variants and thus the development and component costs.
  • a surge tank which provides an elastic membrane which can be filled with air from outside the surge tank.
  • the disadvantage of this is that the volume of the membrane is dependent not only on the air volume contained, but also on the pressure, so that it is not possible to adjust the air volume independently of pressure.
  • the pamphlets DE 42 19 892 A1 and DE 10 2010 009 757 A1 each disclose structurally complex expansion tanks with switchable air volume lying outside the expansion tank. From the US 3,076,479 A a surge tank is known which has two elastic air intake bubbles inside.
  • the object of the invention is, in particular, to provide an expansion tank which can be better adapted to the requirements of different cooling circuits.
  • the invention is also based on the object of a more cost-effective design of such an expansion tank.
  • the expansion tank according to the invention for the cooling liquid of a liquid-cooled machine has, in accordance with the prior art, at least one inflow connection arranged in the lower region of the expansion tank and an outflow connection for connecting the expansion tank to a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine.
  • the expansion tank further comprises a filler neck arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank, which has a lower edge spaced from a ceiling of the expansion tank to limit the fill level, and at least one valve sealing the filler neck for filling the expansion tank and securing the cooling system against excess pressure.
  • the liquid-cooled machine can in particular be a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine of a vehicle.
  • a highlighted application relates to a machine-operated watercraft or a commercial vehicle
  • an air volume remaining in the expansion tank when the expansion tank is filled to the maximum with cooling liquid, ie. H. is variably definable.
  • a low air volume can be set in cooling circuits with low heat input so that a sufficiently high admission pressure builds up.
  • a high volume of air can be set so that an upstream pressure is not built up or so that no coolant is ejected.
  • the expansion tank with variable air volume can thus be used as a uniform component in cooling circuits, which differ due to their nature, in particular their coolant heat input.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is thus the increased flexibility in the admission pressure setting in the cooling circuits and the cost savings through standardization or reduction of variants, since a component can be adapted for use in different cooling circuits or cooling systems.
  • At least one air chamber hereinafter also referred to as an air pocket, is provided in the expansion tank, having an air inlet opening in the interior of the expansion tank above the lower edge of the filler neck, which can be opened and closed with an associated closure device.
  • the arrangement of the outlet opening above the lower limit of the filler neck always ensures the same maximum filling when the expansion tank is filled with coolant.
  • one or more air pockets can be provided, each of which can be brought into fluid communication with the base gas volume of the expansion tank with the associated closure device (closure member) increase the gas volume in the expansion tank. In the closed position of the closure member, the air pocket is closed, so that the gas volume available is not increased.
  • the at least one air chamber is arranged on the inside in the upper region of the expansion tank.
  • the at least one air chamber can also be arranged outside the expansion tank and connected to the upper region of the expansion tank via a hose or pipeline. This variant offers the advantage of a modular design.
  • the expansion tank can have at least two air chambers.
  • the number and volume of the air chambers can be determined depending on the desired air volume gradation.
  • One possibility of the implementation according to the invention provides that the internal volume of the air chambers is of different sizes. However, the internal volume of the air chambers can also be of the same size.
  • the locking device assigned to an air chamber can be designed as a locking screw, a locking cover or a flap. This enables a cost-effective design variant to manually set the available volume for the air in the expansion tank.
  • the closure device can be designed as a check valve, as a spring-loaded valve or as a pneumatically or electrically controlled valve. This offers the advantage that the air chambers can be opened and closed in a pressure-dependent and / or automated manner, in particular while the cooling circuit is in operation.
  • the air inlet opening of the at least one air chamber in such a way that no coolant can enter the at least one air chamber when the expansion tank is in operation when it is open.
  • a separate channel guide and / or a spray screen is provided for this.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a utility vehicle or a ship with a surge tank as disclosed herein.
  • the expansion tank 20 and 30 shown lies in the additionally provided two air pockets 6, each of which has an associated closure member 7, with which each air pocket 6 can be optionally opened or closed.
  • an air pocket 6 is in fluid communication with the base gas volume of the expansion tank 20 or 30.
  • Each of the air pockets 6 has an air inlet opening 8, which lies above the lower edge 9 of the filler neck 4 in the upper inner region of the expansion tank and is closed with the closure member 7 can.
  • the respective air pocket is fluidly connected to the upper interior of the expansion tank, so that air can flow into the open air pocket 6 from the base volume.
  • the locking member 7 is designed as a locking screw.
  • the expansion tank 30 further comprises, as already explained above, a filler neck 4 arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank 30, which has a lower edge 9 spaced from the top of the expansion tank ceiling 14, and a filler neck 4 sealing the filler neck 4 Valve 5, which serves to secure the cooling system against excess pressure and via which the expansion tank 30 can be filled with the coolant 1.
  • An overflow pipe 16 is arranged below the valve 5, through which cooling liquid can flow out when the valve 5 is opened.
  • a connection 15 for a level probe for level measurement and a connection 17 for the pre-pressure measurement are also provided.
  • a baffle element which is preferably designed as a partition 13, is provided in the lower inner region of the compensating container 30 in order to improve the air bubble separation.
  • a partition has the function of changing the flow direction of the liquid and increasing the flow of the coolant in the expansion tank in order to separate as much air as possible.
  • the two air chambers 6 are provided, the air inlet opening 8 of which can be closed or opened with a screw plug 7.
  • the screw head protrudes from the top of the expansion tank 30 and can be operated from the outside.
  • the air chambers 6 can be opened in order to vary the volume available in the interior of the expansion tank for the air in the expansion tank and to optimally adapt it to the existing cooling circuit.
  • the required air volume is first determined as a function of the coolant expansion, the required admission pressure and the opening pressure of the valve 5.
  • the required volume of air is set in the expansion tank by the base volume, i.e. that is, all air pockets 6 are closed, or possibly by the base volume and the determined number of air pockets 6 required, if an increased air volume has been determined.
  • the required number of air pockets 6 is then optionally opened by means of the screw plug 7, ie fluidly connected to the base volume.
  • the cooling circuit is then filled with coolant up to the lower edge 9 of the filler neck 4 for the first filling.
  • the engine is then operated until the cooling circuit is completely vented to remove any air bubbles that may still be present in the cooling circuit.
  • coolant is refilled with the engine cold, again up to the lower edge 9 of the filler neck 4.
  • the admission pressure is measured via the connection 17 in real engine operation in order to check the functioning of the expansion tank 30. If the pre-pressure is too high or if it is blown off too soon via the valve 5, a further air pocket 6 can be opened. If the inlet pressure is too low, an air pocket 6 can be closed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ausgleichsbehälter für die Kühlflüssigkeit einer flüssigkeitsgekühlten Maschine, insbesondere einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Fahrzeugs gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an expansion tank for the cooling liquid of a liquid-cooled machine, in particular an internal combustion engine of a vehicle.

Aus der Praxis sind Ausgleichsbehälter für die Kühlflüssigkeit der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, die der Aufnahme der expandierenden Kühlflüssigkeit dienen. Figur 1 zeigt einen solchen bekannten Ausgleichsbehälter 10 in einer stark schematisierten Ansicht. Der Ausgleichsbehälter 10 ist in der Regel so angebaut, dass er den höchsten Punkt im Kühlsystem darstellt. Der Ausgleichsbehälter 10 weist einen im unteren Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters 10 angeordneten Zuflussanschluss und einen Abflussanschluss zur Verbindung des Ausgleichsbehälters 10 mit dem Kühlkreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine auf (jeweils nicht dargestellt). Der Ausgleichsbehälter 10 verfügt ferner über einen im oberen Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters angeordneten Befüllstutzen 4, der zur Begrenzung des Füllstandes eine von der Ausgleichsbehälterdecke 14 beabstandete Unterkante 9 aufweist. Ferner ist ein den Befüllstutzen 4 abdichtendes Ventil 5 vorgesehen, das zur Sicherung des Kühlsystems gegen Überdruck dient und über das der Ausgleichsbehälter 10 mit dem Kühlmittel 1 befüllt werden kann. Die maximale Befüllung des Ausgleichsbehälters 10 entspricht üblicherweise einer Befüllung bei kaltem Motor mit Kühlmittel 1 bis zur Unterkante 9 des Befüllstutzens 4, wie in Figur 1 gezeigt.Expansion tanks for the cooling liquid of the type mentioned at the outset are known from practice, which serve to hold the expanding cooling liquid. Figure 1 shows such a known expansion tank 10 in a highly schematic view. The expansion tank 10 is usually installed so that it represents the highest point in the cooling system. The expansion tank 10 has an inflow connection arranged in the lower region of the expansion tank 10 and an outflow connection for connecting the expansion tank 10 to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine (not shown in each case). The expansion tank 10 also has a filler neck 4 arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank, which has a lower edge 9 spaced from the expansion tank ceiling 14 to limit the fill level. Furthermore, a valve 5 sealing the filler neck 4 is provided, which serves to secure the cooling system against excess pressure and via which the expansion tank 10 can be filled with the coolant 1. The maximum filling of the expansion tank 10 usually corresponds to a filling when the engine is cold with coolant 1 to the lower edge 9 of the filling nozzle 4, as in FIG Figure 1 shown.

Im Betrieb stellt sich dann durch die Erwärmung und dadurch bedingte Ausdehnung des Kühlmittels ein Vordruck im Luftvolumen 2 des Ausgleichsbehälters 10 ein. Über das Ventil 5 im Ausgleichsbehälterverschlussdeckel erfolgt ein Druckausgleich im Kühlsystem. Eine Erhöhung der Kühlmitteltemperatur führt zu einem Druckanstieg im Kühlsystem, da sich das Kühlmittel ausdehnt. Dadurch steigt der Druck im Ausgleichsbehälter 10 an, worauf sich das Überdruckventil 5 im Verschlussdeckel öffnet und Luft und evtl. auch Kühlmittel entweichen lässt. Bei Normalisierung der Kühlmitteltemperatur entsteht ein Unterdruck im Kühlsystem. Kühlmittel wird aus dem Behälter 10 zurückgesaugt. Hierdurch entsteht im Behälter 10 ebenfalls ein Unterdruck. Folglich öffnet sich das Unterdruckausgleichsventil im Verschlussdeckel des Behälters 10. Luft strömt in den Behälter 10, bis ein Druckausgleich erreicht ist. Mit dem Bezugszeichen 3 ist die Außenhaut bzw. Außenwandung des Ausgleichsbehälters 30 bezeichnet.In operation, a pre-pressure in the air volume 2 of the expansion tank 10 then arises due to the heating and consequent expansion of the coolant. Pressure compensation in the cooling system takes place via valve 5 in the expansion tank closure cover. An increase in the coolant temperature leads to an increase in pressure in the cooling system because the coolant expands. As a result, the pressure in the expansion tank 10 increases, whereupon the pressure relief valve 5 in the closure lid opens and air and possibly also coolant can escape. When the coolant temperature normalizes, a negative pressure develops in the cooling system. Coolant is sucked back out of the container 10. This also creates a negative pressure in the container 10. As a result, the vacuum compensation valve in the closure lid of the container 10 opens. Air flows into the container 10 until pressure compensation is achieved. The outer skin or outer wall of the expansion tank 30 is designated by the reference number 3.

Weitere aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Ausgleichsbehälter sind beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2008 019 227 B4 , der DE 41 07 183 C1 , der EP 0215 369 B1 , der DE 42 33 038 C1 oder der EP 0 441 275 A1 bekannt.Further expansion tanks known from the prior art are known, for example, from US Pat DE 10 2008 019 227 B4 , of the DE 41 07 183 C1 , of the EP 0215 369 B1 , of the DE 42 33 038 C1 or the EP 0 441 275 A1 known.

Herkömmliche Ausgleichsbehälter 10 haben bei maximaler Befüllung mit Kühlmittel 1 ein fest definiertes Luftvolumen 2. Wenn Brennkraftmaschinen mit unterschiedlichen Kühlkreisläufen mit dem gleichen Ausgleichsbehälter 10 ausgestattet werden sollen, hat dies die folgenden Nachteile zur Folge: In Kühlkreisläufen mit geringem Wärmeeintrag stellt sich kein ausreichender Vordruck ein. In Kühlkreisläufen mit hohem Wärmeeintrag wird dagegen der Vordruck über das Ventil 5 abgesteuert, bzw. es wird Kühlmittel ausgeworfen. Diese Nachteile können durch Bereitstellung unterschiedlicher Ausgleichsbehälter vermieden werden, die jeweils an die speziellen Kühlkreisläufe, in denen sie eingesetzt werden, angepasst sind. Dadurch erhöhen sich jedoch die Variantenanzahl und damit die Entwicklungs- und Bauteilekosten.Conventional expansion tanks 10 have a fixedly defined air volume 2 when they are filled to the maximum with coolant 1. If internal combustion engines with different cooling circuits are to be equipped with the same expansion tank 10, this has the following disadvantages: In cooling circuits with low heat input, there is not sufficient pre-pressure. In contrast, in cooling circuits with high heat input, the admission pressure is controlled via the valve 5, or coolant is ejected. These disadvantages can be avoided by providing different expansion tanks, which are each adapted to the special cooling circuits in which they are used. However, this increases the number of variants and thus the development and component costs.

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift FR 2 884 970 A1 ist ein Ausgleichsbehälter bekannt, der eine elastische Membran vorsieht, die von außerhalb des Ausgleichsbehälters mit Luft befüllbar ist. Nachteilig hieran ist, dass das Volumen der Membran nicht nur vom enthaltenen Luftvolumen, sondern auch vom Druck abhängig ist, so dass hier keine druckunabhängige Einstellbarkeit des Luftvolumens möglich ist. Die Druckschriften DE 42 19 892 A1 und DE 10 2010 009 757 A1 offenbaren jeweils konstruktiv aufwändige Ausgleichbehälter mit außerhalb des Ausgleichsbehälters liegenden zuschaltbaren Luftvolumen. Aus der US 3,076,479 A ist ein Ausgleichsbehälter bekannt, der im Innern zwei elastische Luftaufnahmeblasen aufweist.From the published application FR 2 884 970 A1 a surge tank is known which provides an elastic membrane which can be filled with air from outside the surge tank. The disadvantage of this is that the volume of the membrane is dependent not only on the air volume contained, but also on the pressure, so that it is not possible to adjust the air volume independently of pressure. The pamphlets DE 42 19 892 A1 and DE 10 2010 009 757 A1 each disclose structurally complex expansion tanks with switchable air volume lying outside the expansion tank. From the US 3,076,479 A a surge tank is known which has two elastic air intake bubbles inside.

Es ist somit eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen verbesserten Ausgleichsbehälter bereitzustellen, mit dem Nachteile herkömmlicher Ausgleichsbehälter vermieden werden können. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es insbesondere, einen Ausgleichsbehälter bereitzustellen, der besser an die Anforderungen unterschiedlicher Kühlkreisläufe anpassbar ist. Der Erfindung liegt ferner die Aufgabe einer kostensparenderen Gestaltung eines solchen Ausgleichsbehälters zugrunde.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved expansion tank with which disadvantages of conventional expansion tanks can be avoided. The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide an expansion tank which can be better adapted to the requirements of different cooling circuits. The invention is also based on the object of a more cost-effective design of such an expansion tank.

Diese Aufgaben werden durch einen Ausgleichsbehälter mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Anwendungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche und werden in der folgenden Beschreibung unter teilweiser Bezugnahme auf die Figuren näher erläutert.These tasks are solved by an expansion tank with the features of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments and applications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and are explained in more detail in the following description with partial reference to the figures.

Der erfindungsgemäße Ausgleichsbehälter für die Kühlflüssigkeit einer flüssigkeitsgekühlten Maschine weist in Übereinstimmung mit dem Stand der Technik mindestens einen im unteren Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters angeordneten Zuflussanschluss und einen Abflussanschluss zur Verbindung des Ausgleichsbehälters mit einem Kühlkreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine auf. Der Ausgleichsbehälter umfasst ferner einen im oberen Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters angeordneten Befüllstutzen, der zur Begrenzung des Füllstandes eine von einer Ausgleichsbehälterdecke beabstandete Unterkante aufweist sowie mindestens ein den Befüllstutzen abdichtendes Ventil zur Befüllung des Ausgleichsbehälters und zur Sicherung des Kühlsystems gegen Überdruck. Die flüssigkeitsgekühlte Maschine kann insbesondere eine flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine eines Fahrzeugs sein. Eine hervorgehobenen Anwendung betrifft ein maschinenbetriebenes Wasserfahrzeug oder ein NutzfahrzeugsThe expansion tank according to the invention for the cooling liquid of a liquid-cooled machine has, in accordance with the prior art, at least one inflow connection arranged in the lower region of the expansion tank and an outflow connection for connecting the expansion tank to a cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. The expansion tank further comprises a filler neck arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank, which has a lower edge spaced from a ceiling of the expansion tank to limit the fill level, and at least one valve sealing the filler neck for filling the expansion tank and securing the cooling system against excess pressure. The liquid-cooled machine can in particular be a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine of a vehicle. A highlighted application relates to a machine-operated watercraft or a commercial vehicle

Gemäß allgemeinen Gesichtspunkten der Erfindung werden die genannten Aufgaben dadurch gelöst, dass ein bei einer maximalen Befüllung des Ausgleichsbehälters mit Kühlflüssigkeit verbleibendes Luftvolumen im Ausgleichsbehälter einstellbar, d. h. variabel festlegbar, ist.According to general aspects of the invention, the above-mentioned objects are achieved in that an air volume remaining in the expansion tank when the expansion tank is filled to the maximum with cooling liquid, ie. H. is variably definable.

Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass der Ausgleichsbehälter lediglich durch Veränderung des verfügbaren Volumens für die Luft im Ausgleichsbehälter an unterschiedliche Anforderungen verschiedener Kühlkreise angepasst werden kann.This offers the advantage that the expansion tank can only be adapted to different requirements of different cooling circuits by changing the available volume for the air in the expansion tank.

In Kühlkreisläufen mit geringem Wärmeeintrag kann ein niedriges Luftvolumen eingestellt werden, damit sich ein ausreichend hoher Vordruck aufbaut. In Kühlkreisläufen mit hohem Wärmeeintrag kann dagegen ein hohes Luftvolumen eingestellt werden, damit sich kein zu hoher Vordruck aufbaut bzw. damit kein Kühlmittel ausgeworfen wird.A low air volume can be set in cooling circuits with low heat input so that a sufficiently high admission pressure builds up. In cooling circuits with high heat input, on the other hand, a high volume of air can be set so that an upstream pressure is not built up or so that no coolant is ejected.

Der Ausgleichsbehälter mit variablem Luftvolumen kann somit als einheitlich gleiches Bauteil in Kühlkreisläufen eingesetzt werden, welche sich aufgrund ihrer Beschaffenheit, insbesondere ihres Kühlmittelwärmeeintrags, unterscheiden. Ein besonderer Vorzug der Erfindung ist somit die erhöhte Flexibilität bei der Vordruckeinstellung in den Kühlkreisläufen und die Kostenersparnis durch Vereinheitlichung bzw. Variantenreduktion, da ein Bauteil zum Einsatz in unterschiedlichen Kühlkreisläufen bzw. Kühlsystemen angepasst werden kann.The expansion tank with variable air volume can thus be used as a uniform component in cooling circuits, which differ due to their nature, in particular their coolant heat input. A particular advantage of the invention is thus the increased flexibility in the admission pressure setting in the cooling circuits and the cost savings through standardization or reduction of variants, since a component can be adapted for use in different cooling circuits or cooling systems.

Zur Einstellbarkeit des verbleibenden Luftvolumens ist im Ausgleichsbehälter mindestens eine Luftkammer, nachfolgend auch als Lufttasche bezeichnet, vorgesehen, aufweisend eine im Innenraum des Ausgleichsbehälters oberhalb der Unterkante des Befüllstutzens liegende Lufteintrittsöffnung, welche mit einer zugeordneten Verschlusseinrichtung geöffnet und verschlossen werden kann. Durch die Anordnung der Austrittsöffnung oberhalb der Untergrenze des Befüllstutzens wird bei Befüllung des Ausgleichsbehälters mit Kühlflüssigkeit immer die gleiche Maximalbefüllung sichergestellt.To adjust the remaining air volume, at least one air chamber, hereinafter also referred to as an air pocket, is provided in the expansion tank, having an air inlet opening in the interior of the expansion tank above the lower edge of the filler neck, which can be opened and closed with an associated closure device. The arrangement of the outlet opening above the lower limit of the filler neck always ensures the same maximum filling when the expansion tank is filled with coolant.

Mit anderen Worten können zur Ausbildung eines veränderbaren Volumens für die Luft oder allgemein eines Gases im Ausgleichsbehälter eine oder mehrere Lufttaschen vorgesehen sein, die jeweils mit der zugeordneten Verschlusseinrichtung (Verschlussorgan) in Fluidverbindung mit dem Basisgasvolumen des Ausgleichsbehälters gebracht werden können, um das Gasvolumen im Ausgleichsbehälter zu erhöhen. In der Schließstellung des Verschlussorgans ist die Lufttasche verschlossen, so dass das zur Verfügung stehende Gasvolumen nicht erhöht ist.In other words, in order to form a variable volume for the air or generally a gas in the expansion tank, one or more air pockets can be provided, each of which can be brought into fluid communication with the base gas volume of the expansion tank with the associated closure device (closure member) increase the gas volume in the expansion tank. In the closed position of the closure member, the air pocket is closed, so that the gas volume available is not increased.

Die mindestens eine Luftkammer ist innenseitig im oberen Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters angeordnet. Gemäß einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Variante kann die mindestens eine Luftkammer auch außerhalb vom Ausgleichsbehälter angeordnet sein und über eine Schlauch- oder Rohrleitung mit dem oberen Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters verbunden sein. Diese Variante bieten den Vorzug einer modularen Bauweise.The at least one air chamber is arranged on the inside in the upper region of the expansion tank. According to a variant not according to the invention, the at least one air chamber can also be arranged outside the expansion tank and connected to the upper region of the expansion tank via a hose or pipeline. This variant offers the advantage of a modular design.

Zur Erhöhung der Flexibilität bei der Vordruckeinstellung in den Kühlkreisläufen kann der Ausgleichsbehälter mindestens zwei Luftkammern aufweisen. Die Anzahl und das Volumen der Luftkammern können in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Luftvolumenabstufung festgelegt sein. Eine Möglichkeit der erfindungsmäßen Realisierung sieht vor, dass das Innenvolumen der Luftkammern unterschiedlich groß ausgeführt ist. Das Innenvolumen der Luftkammern kann jedoch auch gleich groß ausgeführt sein.To increase the flexibility when setting the admission pressure in the cooling circuits, the expansion tank can have at least two air chambers. The number and volume of the air chambers can be determined depending on the desired air volume gradation. One possibility of the implementation according to the invention provides that the internal volume of the air chambers is of different sizes. However, the internal volume of the air chambers can also be of the same size.

Die einer Luftkammer zugeordnete Verschlusseinrichtung kann als eine Verschlussschraube, ein Verschlussdeckel oder eine Klappe ausgeführt sein. Dies ermöglicht eine kostengünstige Ausführungsvariante, um das verfügbare Volumen für die Luft im Ausgleichsbehälter manuell einzustellen.The locking device assigned to an air chamber can be designed as a locking screw, a locking cover or a flap. This enables a cost-effective design variant to manually set the available volume for the air in the expansion tank.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante kann die Verschlusseinrichtung als Rückschlagventil, als federbelastetes Ventil oder als pneumatisch oder elektrisch angesteuertes Ventil ausgeführt sein. Die bietet den Vorteil, dass das Öffnen und Verschließen der Luftkammern druckabhängig und/oder automatisiert, insbesondere im laufenden Betrieb des Kühlkreislaufes, erfolgen kann.According to a further variant, the closure device can be designed as a check valve, as a spring-loaded valve or as a pneumatically or electrically controlled valve. This offers the advantage that the air chambers can be opened and closed in a pressure-dependent and / or automated manner, in particular while the cooling circuit is in operation.

Um ein Eintreten von Kühlflüssigkeit in die wenigstens eine Luftkammern zu verhindern, ist es vorteilhaft, die Lufteintrittsöffnung der wenigstens einen Luftkammer so anzuordnen, dass im Betrieb des Ausgleichsbehälters kein Kühlmittel in die wenigstens eine Luftkammer eintreten kann, wenn diese geöffnet ist. Gemäß einer weiteren Variante ist hierzu eine separate Kanalführung und/oder eine Spritzblende vorgesehen.In order to prevent coolant from entering the at least one air chamber, it is advantageous to arrange the air inlet opening of the at least one air chamber in such a way that no coolant can enter the at least one air chamber when the expansion tank is in operation when it is open. According to a further variant, a separate channel guide and / or a spray screen is provided for this.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Nutzfahrzeug oder ein Schiff mit einem Ausgleichsbehälter wie hierin offenbart.Another aspect of the invention relates to a utility vehicle or a ship with a surge tank as disclosed herein.

Die zuvor beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsformen und Merkmale der Erfindung sind beliebig miteinander kombinierbar. Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden im Folgenden unter Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine stark schematisierte Ansicht eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ausgleichsbehälters;
Figur 2
eine stark schematisierte Ansicht eines Ausgleichsbehälters gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung; und
Figur 3
eine stark schematisierte Ansicht eines Ausgleichsbehälters gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
The preferred embodiments and features of the invention described above can be combined with one another as desired. Further details and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
a highly schematic view of a surge tank known from the prior art;
Figure 2
a highly schematic view of a surge tank according to an embodiment of the invention; and
Figure 3
a highly schematic view of a surge tank according to a further embodiment of the invention.

Gleiche oder funktional äquivalente Elemente sind in allen Figuren mit denselben Bezugszeichen bezeichnet. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen wird hierbei hinsichtlich der Funktionsweise der Teile 1 bis 5 und 9 der Figuren 2 und 3 auf die diesbezügliche Beschreibung der Figur 1 verwiesen.Identical or functionally equivalent elements are designated with the same reference symbols in all figures. In order to avoid repetitions, the operation of parts 1 to 5 and 9 of the Figures 2 and 3rd to the relevant description of the Figure 1 referred.

Die Besonderheit der in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausgleichsbehälter 20 und 30 liegt in den zusätzlich vorgesehen zwei Lufttaschen 6, die jeweils ein zugeordnetes Verschlussorgan 7 aufweisen, mit dem jede Lufttasche 6 wahlweise geöffnet oder verschlossen werden kann. Im geöffneten Zustand steht eine Lufttasche 6 in Fluidverbindung mit dem Basisgasvolumen des Ausgleichsbehälters 20 bzw. 30. Jede der Lufttaschen 6 weist eine Lufteintrittsöffnung 8 auf, die oberhalb der Unterkante 9 des Befüllstutzens 4 im oberen Innenbereich des Ausgleichsbehälters liegt und mit dem Verschlussorgan 7 verschlossen werden kann. Im geöffneten Zustand der Lufteintrittsöffnung 8 ist die jeweilige Lufttasche mit dem oberen Innenraum des Ausgleichbehälters fluidisch verbunden, so dass Luft aus dem Basisvolumen in die geöffnete Lufttasche 6 einströmen kann. In einer konstruktiv einfachen Ausführungsvariante ist das Verschlussorgan 7 als eine Verschlussschraube ausgeführt.The peculiarity of in the Figures 2 and 3rd The expansion tank 20 and 30 shown lies in the additionally provided two air pockets 6, each of which has an associated closure member 7, with which each air pocket 6 can be optionally opened or closed. In the open state, an air pocket 6 is in fluid communication with the base gas volume of the expansion tank 20 or 30. Each of the air pockets 6 has an air inlet opening 8, which lies above the lower edge 9 of the filler neck 4 in the upper inner region of the expansion tank and is closed with the closure member 7 can. In the opened state of the air inlet opening 8, the respective air pocket is fluidly connected to the upper interior of the expansion tank, so that air can flow into the open air pocket 6 from the base volume. In a structurally simple embodiment variant, the locking member 7 is designed as a locking screw.

Die in Figur 3 gezeigte Ausführungsform zeigt den in den Figuren 1 und 2 nicht dargestellten im unteren Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters 10 angeordneten und in diesen hineinragenden Zuflussanschluss 11 und Abflussanschluss 12 zur Verbindung des Ausgleichsbehälters 10 mit dem Kühlkreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine. Der Ausgleichsbehälter 30 umfasst ferner, wie vorstehend bereits ausgeführt, einen im oberen Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters 30 an-geordneten Befüllstutzen 4, der zur Begrenzung des Füllstandes eine von der Ausgleichsbehälterdecke 14 beabstandete Unterkante 9 aufweist, sowie ein den Befüllstutzen 4 abdichtendes Ventil 5, das zur Sicherung des Kühlsystems gegen Überdruck dient und über das der Ausgleichsbehälter 30 mit dem Kühlmittel 1 befüllt werden kann. Unterhalb des Ventils 5 ist ein Überlaufrohr 16 angeordnet, über das bei Öffnen des Ventils 5 Kühlflüssigkeit ausströmen kann. Im Ausgleichsbehälter 30 sind ferner ein Anschluss 15 für eine Niveausonde zur Füllstandsmessung und ein Anschluss 17 für die Vordruckmessung vorgesehen.In the Figure 3 The embodiment shown shows that in FIGS Figures 1 and 2nd not shown in the lower region of the expansion tank 10 arranged and projecting into the inflow connection 11 and outflow connection 12 for connecting the expansion tank 10 to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine. The expansion tank 30 further comprises, as already explained above, a filler neck 4 arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank 30, which has a lower edge 9 spaced from the top of the expansion tank ceiling 14, and a filler neck 4 sealing the filler neck 4 Valve 5, which serves to secure the cooling system against excess pressure and via which the expansion tank 30 can be filled with the coolant 1. An overflow pipe 16 is arranged below the valve 5, through which cooling liquid can flow out when the valve 5 is opened. In the expansion tank 30, a connection 15 for a level probe for level measurement and a connection 17 for the pre-pressure measurement are also provided.

Im unteren Innenbereich des Ausgleichbehälters 30 ist zur Verbesserung der Luftblasenabscheidung ein Prallelement vorgesehen, das vorzugsweise als Trennwand 13 ausgebildet ist. Eine derartige Trennwand hat die Funktion, die Strömungsrichtung der Flüssigkeit zu verändern und die Fließstrecke des Kühlmittels im Ausgleichsbehälter zu erhöhen, um möglichst viel Luft abzuscheiden.A baffle element, which is preferably designed as a partition 13, is provided in the lower inner region of the compensating container 30 in order to improve the air bubble separation. Such a partition has the function of changing the flow direction of the liquid and increasing the flow of the coolant in the expansion tank in order to separate as much air as possible.

Wie vorstehend bereit erwähnt, sind unterhalb der Ausgleichbehälterdecke 14 im oberen Bereich des Ausgleichsbehälters 30 auf der dem Ventil 4 gegenüberliegenden Seite die zwei Luftkammern 6 vorgesehen, deren Lufteintrittsöffnung 8 jeweils mit einer Verschlussschraube 7 verschlossen oder geöffnet werden kann. Der Schraubenkopf ragt hierbei aus der Oberseite des Ausgleichbehälters 30 heraus und kann von außen betätigt werden. Durch Verstellen der Verschlussschrauben 7 können die Luftkammern 6 geöffnet werden, um das im Innern des Ausgleichbehälters verfügbare Volumen für die Luft im Ausgleichbehälter zu variieren und an den vorliegenden Kühlkreislauf optimal anzupassen.As already mentioned above, below the expansion tank ceiling 14 in the upper area of the expansion tank 30 on the side opposite the valve 4, the two air chambers 6 are provided, the air inlet opening 8 of which can be closed or opened with a screw plug 7. The screw head protrudes from the top of the expansion tank 30 and can be operated from the outside. By adjusting the screw plugs 7, the air chambers 6 can be opened in order to vary the volume available in the interior of the expansion tank for the air in the expansion tank and to optimally adapt it to the existing cooling circuit.

Nachfolgend wird beispielhaft ein Vorgehen beschrieben, um den Ausgleichsbehälter durch Einstellen des verfügbaren Luftvolumens an einen Kühlkreislauf anzupassen, z. B. im Rahmen der Installation des Ausgleichsbehälters 6 im Fahrzeug. Hierbei wird zunächst das benötigte Luftvolumen abhängig von der Kühlmittelausdehnung, dem geforderten Vordruck und dem Öffnungsdruck des Ventils 5 ermittelt. Das benötigte Luftvolumen wird im Ausgleichsbehälter durch das Basisvolumen eingestellt, d. h., alle Lufttaschen 6 sind geschlossen, oder ggf. durch das Basisvolumen und die ermittelte Anzahl an benötigten Lufttaschen 6, falls ein erhöhtes Luftvolumen ermittelt wurde.A procedure is described below as an example for adapting the expansion tank to a cooling circuit by adjusting the available air volume, e.g. B. as part of the installation of the expansion tank 6 in the vehicle. Here, the required air volume is first determined as a function of the coolant expansion, the required admission pressure and the opening pressure of the valve 5. The required volume of air is set in the expansion tank by the base volume, i.e. that is, all air pockets 6 are closed, or possibly by the base volume and the determined number of air pockets 6 required, if an increased air volume has been determined.

Die benötigte Anzahl von Lufttaschen 6 wird dann ggf. mittels der Verschlussschraube 7 geöffnet, d. h. fluidisch mit dem Basisvolumen verbunden. Der Kühlkreislauf wird dann zur Erstbefüllung mit Kühlmittel bis zur Unterkante 9 des Befüllstutzens 4 gefüllt. Der Motor wird nachfolgend betrieben bis der Kühlkreislauf vollständig entlüftet ist, um alle evtl. noch vorhanden Luftblasen aus dem Kühlkreislauf zu entfernen. Danach wird bei kaltem Motor Kühlmittel nachgefüllt, wiederum bis zur Unterkante 9 des Befüllstutzens 4. Anschließend wird der Vordruck über den Anschluss 17 im realen Motorbetrieb gemessen, um die Funktionsweise des Ausgleichsbehälters 30 zu überprüfen. Wenn sich ein zu hoher Vordruck einstellt bzw. wenn es zu früh zum Abblasen über das Ventil 5 kommt, kann eine weitere Lufttasche 6 geöffnet werden. Wenn sich ein zu niedriger Vordruck einstellt, kann eine Lufttasche 6 geschlossen werden. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass der Ausgleichsbehälter 30 lediglich durch Veränderung des verfügbaren Volumens für die Luft im Ausgleichsbehälter an den speziellen Kühlkreislauf angepasst werden kann.The required number of air pockets 6 is then optionally opened by means of the screw plug 7, ie fluidly connected to the base volume. The cooling circuit is then filled with coolant up to the lower edge 9 of the filler neck 4 for the first filling. The engine is then operated until the cooling circuit is completely vented to remove any air bubbles that may still be present in the cooling circuit. Then coolant is refilled with the engine cold, again up to the lower edge 9 of the filler neck 4. Then the admission pressure is measured via the connection 17 in real engine operation in order to check the functioning of the expansion tank 30. If the pre-pressure is too high or if it is blown off too soon via the valve 5, a further air pocket 6 can be opened. If the inlet pressure is too low, an air pocket 6 can be closed. This offers the advantage that the expansion tank 30 can only be adapted to the special cooling circuit by changing the available volume for the air in the expansion tank.

Obwohl die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf bestimmte Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben worden ist, ist es für einen Fachmann ersichtlich, dass verschiedene Änderungen ausgeführt werden können, ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen. Zusätzlich können viele Modifikationen ausgeführt werden, ohne den zugehörigen Bereich zu verlassen. Folglich soll die Erfindung nicht auf die offenbarten Ausführungsbeispiele begrenzt sein, sondern soll alle Ausführungsbeispiele umfassen, die in den Bereich der beigefügten Patentansprüche fallen.Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications can be made without leaving the associated area. Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed, but is intended to encompass all exemplary embodiments that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
KühlmittelCoolant
22nd
LuftvolumenAir volume
33rd
AußenwandungOuter wall
44th
BefüllstutzenFiller neck
55
VentilValve
66
LuftkammerAir chamber
77
VerschlusseinrichtungLocking device
88th
LufteintrittsöffnungAir inlet opening
99
UnterkanteLower edge
1010th
Ausgleichsbehältersurge tank
1111
ZuflussanschlussInflow connection
1212th
AbflussanschlussDrain connection
1313
Trennwandpartition wall
1414
AusgleichsbehälterdeckeReservoir cover
1515
Anschluss für NiveausondeConnection for level probe
1616
ÜberlaufrohrOverflow pipe
1717th
Anschluss für VordruckmessungConnection for pre-pressure measurement
2020th
Ausgleichsbehältersurge tank
3030th
Ausgleichsbehältersurge tank

Claims (7)

  1. Expansion tank (20; 30) for the coolant of a fluid-cooled machine, in particular a fluid-cooled internal combustion engine of a vehicle, comprising at least one inlet connection (11) arranged in the lower region of the expansion tank (20; 30), and an outlet connection (12) for connection of the expansion tank (20; 30) to a cooling circuit of the machine;
    a filler nozzle (4) arranged in the upper region of the expansion tank which has a lower edge (9) spaced from an expansion tank cover (14) to limit the fill level;
    at least one valve (5) sealing the filler nozzle (4) for filling the expansion tank (20; 30) and protecting the cooling system from over-pressure,
    wherein an air volume (2) in the expansion tank (20; 30), which remains on maximum filling of the expansion tank (20; 30) with coolant, can be adjusted;
    wherein to adjust the remaining air volume in the expansion tank (20; 30), at least one air chamber (6) is provided;
    wherein the at least one air chamber (6) comprises an air inlet opening (8) which lies in the interior of the expansion tank (20; 30) above the lower edge (9) of the filler nozzle (4) and can be opened and closed with an assigned closing device (7);
    characterized in that the at least one air chamber (6) is arranged on the inside in the upper region of the expansion tank (20; 30).
  2. Expansion tank (20; 30) according to Claim 1, characterized by at least two air chambers (6).
  3. Expansion tank (20; 30) according to Claim 2, characterized in that an inner volume of the air chambers (6) is the same size or different sizes.
  4. Expansion tank (20; 30) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing device (7) is formed as a screw plug, a closing lid or a flap.
  5. Expansion tank (20; 30) according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the closing device (7) is formed as non-return valve, a spring-loaded valve or a pneumatically or electrically controlled valve.
  6. Expansion tank (20; 30) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air inlet opening (8) of the at least one air chamber (6) is arranged such that in operation of the expansion tank (20; 30), no coolant can enter the at least one air chamber (6) when it is opened.
  7. Commercial vehicle or ship with an expansion tank (20; 30) according to any of the preceding claims.
EP15002877.7A 2014-12-10 2015-10-08 Compensating tank for the cooling liquid of liquid-cooled combustion engines Active EP3032064B1 (en)

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RU2704588C2 (en) 2019-10-29
RU2015148667A3 (en) 2019-04-15
BR102015030414B1 (en) 2023-04-25
BR102015030414A8 (en) 2021-08-31
EP3032064A1 (en) 2016-06-15
CN105697129A (en) 2016-06-22
RU2015148667A (en) 2017-05-23
US20160169084A1 (en) 2016-06-16
BR102015030414A2 (en) 2016-06-14
CN105697129B (en) 2020-01-07
DE102014018366A1 (en) 2016-06-16

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