EP3028921B1 - System for monitoring the operating conditions of a train - Google Patents

System for monitoring the operating conditions of a train Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3028921B1
EP3028921B1 EP15197819.4A EP15197819A EP3028921B1 EP 3028921 B1 EP3028921 B1 EP 3028921B1 EP 15197819 A EP15197819 A EP 15197819A EP 3028921 B1 EP3028921 B1 EP 3028921B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
damage
formatted signal
indicator
train
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EP15197819.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3028921A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric LE-CORRE
Frédéric HALLONET
Jean-Yves Fargette
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0054—Train integrity supervision, e.g. end-of-train [EOT] devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or vehicle train for signalling purposes ; On-board control or communication systems
    • B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or vehicle train
    • B61L15/0027—Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning, or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or vehicle trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning, or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or vehicle trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning, or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or vehicle trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or vehicle trains
    • B61L25/025—Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/57—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for vehicles or vehicle trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L2205/00—Communication or navigation systems for railway traffic
    • B61L2205/04—Satellite based navigation systems, e.g. GPS

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for monitoring the operating conditions of a train.
  • the design of a train is based on assumptions about the conditions under which it is planned to operate this train. For example, the mission profile envisaged for the train, the quality of the railway on which the train will be run, the mass of passengers transported, the distances to be covered, the effects of blast during tunnel crossings are taken into account. or crossings with other trains, etc.
  • a train is equipped with different sensors allowing for example to detect an irregularity in the track from the vertical acceleration and the lateral acceleration of the body of the train (the roll angle of the body being measured using a gyroscope in order to distinguish between an irregularity of the track and an irregularity of the ground), or, for example still, to detect an undulatory wear of the rails from the noise measured in the cabin and the calculation of a spectral peak.
  • the train is also equipped with a system comprising a GPS-based satellite positioning device capable of implementing a train location algorithm on a geographical map to identify the precise location of the train and, consequently, that of the train. a fault detected by the on-board sensors.
  • the document US 8,504,225 B2 discloses a method for determining a remaining service life for a component of a railway vehicle operating on a known route.
  • the train is equipped with different sensors allow, during the normal operation of the train, the acquisition of measurements.
  • the train is equipped with a satellite tracking device for geographically tagging the measurements acquired by the onboard sensors. These measurements are then transmitted to a remote processing center on the ground, able to aggregate the measurements received over time and to update accordingly the value of a remaining life of a component of the train.
  • the document DE102013105397D1 discloses a system comprising a plurality of kinematic sensors attached to a bogie so as to measure the vibrational response of the bogie, the vibrations being symptomatic of the state of wear of the bogie.
  • An embedded module performs a Fourier Transform of the raw signals to obtain a frequency signal, which is then transmitted to a computer on the ground. Other information is also transmitted to the ground, such as the position of the train and the speed of it.
  • the computer classifies a frequency signal in a histogram according to the speed of the train at the moment of acquisition of this signal.
  • the document WO13121344 discloses a railway monitoring system which, based on the analysis of video images collected by different cameras, some of which are embarked on board trains, to determine a degree of vulnerability of the track. This indicator is taken into account for the maintenance of the track.
  • An embedded module performs a pre-analysis of the images acquired by the cameras before transmitting them on the ground, with location information. The ground analysis of the pre-analyzed images provides the comparison of these with reference images.
  • the present invention aims to provide an improved monitoring system.
  • the subject of the invention is a system for monitoring the operating conditions of a railway vehicle according to the claims.
  • the monitoring system 1 comprises an on-board component 10 and a ground component 20, the data collected by the on-board component 10 being communicated to the ground component 20 via a radio communication infrastructure 6.
  • the communication infrastructure 6 comprises, on board each train of the fleet, a transmission module 11 able to establish a wireless communication with a base station 7, itself connected to a wired network. 8.
  • the ground component 20 being otherwise connected to the network 8.
  • the on-board component 10 comprises a geolocation device and a plurality of measuring devices coupled to a plurality of sensors so as to make real-time and continuous measurements of several relevant physical quantities. These physical quantities are geolocated and transmitted to the ground component.
  • the ground component 20 allows the real-time processing of measurements of these physical quantities relevant for medium and long-term monitoring to evaluate injury and damage variation indicators and for short-term monitoring to detect exceptional events.
  • the onboard component 10 comprises a plurality of sensors 12. These sensors are possibly redundant. They are chosen for their relevance in the measurement of the instantaneous state of exploitation of a particular component of the train 2, of the railroad 3, or of the catenary (not shown in the figures), etc. This choice can result from a first test campaign, allowing the selection of a group of sensors in a wide range of possible sensors.
  • a sensor may be an accelerometer 12.1, an optical monitoring means of the channel 12.2, a current measuring sensor 12.3, an accelerometer 12.4, a means of imaging the surface of a rail 12.5, an accelerometer 12.6, a means of imaging welds between rails 12.7, a camera 12.8, a laser system 12.9, etc.
  • the on-board component 10 comprises several modules 14 for conditioning the raw signals delivered by the different sensors 12.
  • a module 14 makes it possible to associate, by means of a suitable mathematical function, several incoming raw signals to generate a signal formatted as output, which is its own. to be operated directly by modules of the ground component 20, as will be described below.
  • module 14.1 can generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the railway. This signal is prepared from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.1 and 12.2.
  • the module 14.2 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the surface of a rail.
  • This signal is prepared from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.3 to 12.5.
  • the module 14.3 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the welds between two successive rails. This signal is produced from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.6 and 12.7.
  • the module 14.4 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of expansion of the welds between two successive rails. This signal is also generated from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.6 and 12.7.
  • the module 14.5 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the catenary.
  • This signal is prepared from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.8 and 12.9.
  • These formatted signals are transmitted to the ground component 20 via the radio communication infrastructure 6.
  • each module 14 comprises a buffer memory allowing the recording of the incoming signals on a configurable time window.
  • This window has, for example, a duration of a few hours so as to allow a resumption of raw signal processing in case eg of an interruption of edge / ground communication.
  • the on-board component 10 also comprises a satellite positioning module 13 of the GPS type, so as to be able to geographically label the formatted signals delivered at each instant by the different modules 14.
  • the ground component 20 is for example constituted by a central computer 22, as represented on the figure 1 .
  • This central computer 22 is able to execute various software modules 24, for the implementation of the method shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the central computer 22 includes a real-time data stream reduction module 24.1, which considerably reduces the amount of data corresponding to the formatted signals coming from the on-board component 10 of a particular train 2.
  • the module 24.1 is able to take into account a signal formatted according to its amplitude. More precisely, the module 24.1 uses an instance matrix M, which is a square matrix with N columns Ci.
  • the matrix M is a 64x64 matrix.
  • a column Ci corresponds to a particular formatted signal, each element mi, j of the column Ci being associated with a maximum amplitude interval dj of the corresponding formatted signal.
  • the value of the element mi, j is equal to the number of occurrences of the formatted signal associated with the column Ci whose maximum amplitude is in the interval dj.
  • the matrix of occurrences M makes it possible to count, for each type of formatted signal, the different forms of the formatted signal.
  • the matrix M will be exploited for medium or long-term monitoring of a component by a computer 70 able to calculate the damage D affecting the monitored train.
  • the central computer 22 includes a module 24.2 for exceptional event detection E for short-term monitoring.
  • An exceptional event E is defined when a given formatted signal passes an amplitude threshold. This threshold was previously defined by an operator during the configuration of the monitoring system, via a user interface.
  • this threshold is a function of the position of the train along the track with respect to a predefined origin. By defining a high threshold for a range of positions along the path where it is known that there is a fault, and a low threshold elsewhere, it is possible to detect the occurrence of new defects on the path.
  • the central computer comprises a module 24.3 for recognizing the path on which the train 2 is traveling at the current instant, starting from the instantaneous position P delivered by the satellite positioning module 13 of the train 2 and a set of cartographies of the railway network on which the train is circulated.
  • the central computer 22 includes a damage module 24.4 able to calculate, from the current value of the matrix of occurrences M, maintained by the module 24.1 and geographical position information of the train and recognition of the track maintained by module 24.3, a quantity D relating to a mechanical damage that may affect a monitored component.
  • Module 24.4 uses a fatigue model of the monitored component for this purpose. This model is chosen from a model catalog possible, depending on the type of damage being monitored: damage due to tunneling, damage due to crossings in the open air, etc.
  • the central computer 22 comprises a damage variation module 24.5 able to calculate, with respect to the time or distance traveled by the train, or for a given track or channel profile, a variation of a damage D to from a plurality of values of the damage quantity D at the output of the module 24.4.
  • the central computer 22 comprises a man / machine interface allowing an operator to interact with the system, for example to define the threshold alert values for the damage or their variations and thresholds for the definition of the exceptional events, or again for the initialization of the matrix of occurrences M.
  • the central computer 22 includes a supervision module 26 capable of comparing, at each moment, the value of a damage D or the value of a variation of damage ⁇ D with respect to an alert threshold. If this alert threshold is exceeded, the module 26 is able to generate a maintenance alert.
  • the indicators calculated by this system are more relevant than the only mileage traveled by the train.
  • the system is able to analyze both short-lived events (local faults of channel devices generating abnormal stresses, over-speed berthing, lane movement, etc.) and long-lived events. (aging of tracks and equipment).
  • the service life and / or maintenance rate of the train can be optimized, in particular by adapting the mission profile with respect to an indicator corresponding to a signaling index.
  • this monitoring makes it possible to optimize the maintenance of a fleet of trains and to detect any appearance of defects in the track that abnormally degrades the comfort of the passengers and the life of the train.
  • the manufacturer may have objective elements with respect to a warranty on the equipment. Contractual guarantees may therefore be subject to operating clauses that can be monitored by the system according to the invention.

Description

La présente invention concerne un système de surveillance des conditions d'exploitation d'un train.The present invention relates to a system for monitoring the operating conditions of a train.

Le dimensionnement d'un train repose sur des hypothèses relatives aux conditions dans lesquelles il est prévu d'exploiter ce train. Sont par exemple pris en compte le profil de mission envisagé pour le train, la qualité de la voie ferrée sur laquelle le train sera amené à circuler, la masse des passagers transportés, les distances à parcourir, les effets de souffle lors de passages en tunnel ou de croisements avec d'autres trains, etc.The design of a train is based on assumptions about the conditions under which it is planned to operate this train. For example, the mission profile envisaged for the train, the quality of the railway on which the train will be run, the mass of passengers transported, the distances to be covered, the effects of blast during tunnel crossings are taken into account. or crossings with other trains, etc.

Ces hypothèses sont définies très en amont de la phase d'exploitation du train, si bien que les conditions d'exploitation réelles peuvent différer de ces hypothèses initiales.These assumptions are defined well in advance of the train operating phase, so that actual operating conditions may differ from these initial assumptions.

De plus, la volonté européenne d'étendre les profils de mission, la dégradation progressive des voies, l'ouverture de nouvelles lignes sur lesquelles le train circule, la fréquentation plus élevée, etc. font que l'exploitation réelle d'un train s'écarte énormément des hypothèses initialement formulées.In addition, the European desire to extend the mission profiles, the gradual degradation of the tracks, the opening of new lines on which the train travels, the higher attendance, etc. cause the actual operation of a train to deviate significantly from the initial assumptions made.

Ces écarts influent directement sur le vieillissement du train et, par conséquent, sur sa maintenance et sur sa garantie, aussi bien en termes de sécurité que d'obligations contractuelles.These differences directly affect the aging of the train and, consequently, its maintenance and its guarantee, both in terms of safety and contractual obligations.

Il est donc nécessaire de créer une base de connaissances permettant le suivi des conditions d'exploitation réelles d'un train, ou plus généralement d'une flotte de trains, pour garantir la durée de vie du matériel et permettre la conception en fiabilité de nouveaux trains.It is therefore necessary to create a knowledge base allowing the monitoring of the real operating conditions of a train, or more generally of a train fleet, to guarantee the service life of the equipment and to allow the reliability design of new ones. trains.

L'article de H. Tsunashima et al, "Japanese Railway Condition Monitoring Of Tracks Using In-Service Vehicle", CBM conférence 2011 , divulgue un système de surveillance de l'état d'une voie ferrée. Un train est équipé de différents capteurs permettant par exemple de détecter une irrégularité dans la voie à partir de l'accélération verticale et de l'accélération latérale de la caisse du train (l'angle de roulis de la caisse étant mesuré en utilisant un gyroscope afin de faire la distinction entre une irrégularité de la voie et une irrégularité du terrain), ou, par exemple encore, de détecter une usure ondulatoire des rails à partir du bruit mesuré en cabine et le calcul d'un pic spectral. Le train est également équipé d'un système comportant un dispositif de positionnement par satellites, du type GPS, propre à mettre en oeuvre un algorithme de localisation du train sur une carte géographique pour identifier la localisation précise du train et, par conséquent, celle d'un défaut détecté par les capteurs embarqués.The article of H. Tsunashima et al, "Japanese Railway Condition Monitoring Tracks Using In-Service Vehicle", CBM Conference 2011 , discloses a system for monitoring the condition of a railway line. A train is equipped with different sensors allowing for example to detect an irregularity in the track from the vertical acceleration and the lateral acceleration of the body of the train (the roll angle of the body being measured using a gyroscope in order to distinguish between an irregularity of the track and an irregularity of the ground), or, for example still, to detect an undulatory wear of the rails from the noise measured in the cabin and the calculation of a spectral peak. The train is also equipped with a system comprising a GPS-based satellite positioning device capable of implementing a train location algorithm on a geographical map to identify the precise location of the train and, consequently, that of the train. a fault detected by the on-board sensors.

Le document US 8 504 225 B2 divulgue un procédé de détermination d'une durée de vie restante pour un composant d'un véhicule ferroviaire exploité sur une voie connue. Le train est équipé de différents capteurs permettent, au cours de l'exploitation normale du train, l'acquisition de mesures. En particulier, le train est équipé d'un dispositif de localisation par satellites permettant d'étiqueter géographiquement les mesures acquises par les capteurs embarqués. Ces mesures sont ensuite transmises à un central de traitement distant, au sol, propre à agréger les mesures reçues au cours du temps et à mettre à jour en conséquence la valeur d'une durée de vie restante d'un composant du train.The document US 8,504,225 B2 discloses a method for determining a remaining service life for a component of a railway vehicle operating on a known route. The train is equipped with different sensors allow, during the normal operation of the train, the acquisition of measurements. In particular, the train is equipped with a satellite tracking device for geographically tagging the measurements acquired by the onboard sensors. These measurements are then transmitted to a remote processing center on the ground, able to aggregate the measurements received over time and to update accordingly the value of a remaining life of a component of the train.

Par ailleurs, le document DE102013105397D1 divulgue un système comportant une pluralité de capteurs cinématiques fixés à un bogie de manière à mesurer la réponse vibrationnelle du bogie, les vibrations étant symptomatiques de l'état d'usure du bogie. Un module embarqué réalise une Transformée de Fourier des signaux bruts pour obtenir un signal en fréquence, qui est ensuite transmis à un calculateur au sol. D'autres informations sont également transmises au sol, telles que la position du train et la vitesse de celui-ci. Au sol, le calculateur classe un signal en fréquence dans un histogramme en fonction de la vitesse du train à l'instant d'acquisition de ce signal. La comparaison de cet histogramme avec un histogramme de référence permet la génération d'un indicateur qui, s'il est supérieur à un seuil, déclenche une alarme, par exemple de maintenance. Le document US2014200827D2 divulgue un système de surveillance des voies au moyen de l'acquisition de données brutes de différentes natures (cinématiques, optiques, etc.) par des capteurs embraqués sur un train dédié à la surveillance des voies. Les données brutes sont formatées en données de détection puis transférées vers un calculateur au sol. Celui-ci agrège les données de détection pour déterminer l'amplitude d'un type de détérioration surveillée. Le calculateur analyse cette amplitude en utilisant un modèle qui dépend du type de détérioration surveillée et qui associe à une amplitude, un taux d'évolution de la détérioration de la voie.In addition, the document DE102013105397D1 discloses a system comprising a plurality of kinematic sensors attached to a bogie so as to measure the vibrational response of the bogie, the vibrations being symptomatic of the state of wear of the bogie. An embedded module performs a Fourier Transform of the raw signals to obtain a frequency signal, which is then transmitted to a computer on the ground. Other information is also transmitted to the ground, such as the position of the train and the speed of it. On the ground, the computer classifies a frequency signal in a histogram according to the speed of the train at the moment of acquisition of this signal. The comparison of this histogram with a reference histogram enables the generation of an indicator which, if it is greater than a threshold, triggers an alarm, for example of maintenance. The document US2014200827D2 discloses a track monitoring system by means of the acquisition of raw data of different natures (kinematics, optics, etc.) by sensors embarked on a train dedicated to the monitoring of the tracks. The raw data is formatted into detection data and then transferred to a ground computer. This aggregates the detection data to determine the magnitude of a type of monitored deterioration. The calculator analyzes this amplitude using a model which depends on the type of deterioration monitored and which associates with an amplitude, a rate of evolution of the deterioration of the track.

Le document WO13121344 divulgue un système de surveillance des voies ferrées permettant, à partir de l'analyse d'images vidéo collectées par différentes caméras, dont certaines embraquées à bord de trains, de déterminer un degré de vulnérabilité de la voie. Cet indicateur est pris en compte pour réaliser la maintenance de la voie. Un module embarqué réalise une pré-analyse des images acquises par les caméras avant de les transmettre au sol, avec une information de localisation. L'analyse au sol des images pré-analysées prévoit la comparaison de celles-ci avec des images de référence.The document WO13121344 discloses a railway monitoring system which, based on the analysis of video images collected by different cameras, some of which are embarked on board trains, to determine a degree of vulnerability of the track. This indicator is taken into account for the maintenance of the track. An embedded module performs a pre-analysis of the images acquired by the cameras before transmitting them on the ground, with location information. The ground analysis of the pre-analyzed images provides the comparison of these with reference images.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un système de surveillance amélioré.The present invention aims to provide an improved monitoring system.

À cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un système de surveillance des conditions d'exploitation d'un véhicule ferroviaire conforme aux revendications.To this end, the subject of the invention is a system for monitoring the operating conditions of a railway vehicle according to the claims.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique de l'architecture matérielle du système selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une représentation schématique de la composante embarquée du système de la figure 1 ; et,
  • la figure 3 est une représentation du traitement effectué par le système de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of the hardware architecture of the system according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a schematic representation of the embedded component of the system of the figure 1 ; and,
  • the figure 3 is a representation of the processing done by the system of the figure 1 .

De manière générale le système de surveillance 1 selon l'invention comporte une composante embarquée 10 et une composante au sol 20, les données collectées par la composante embarquée 10 étant communiquées à la composante au sol 20, via une infrastructure de radiocommunication 6.In general, the monitoring system 1 according to the invention comprises an on-board component 10 and a ground component 20, the data collected by the on-board component 10 being communicated to the ground component 20 via a radio communication infrastructure 6.

De manière connue en soi, l'infrastructure de communication 6 comporte, à bord de chaque train de la flotte, un module de transmission 11 propre à établir une communication sans fil avec une station de base 7, elle-même connectée à un réseau filaire 8. La composante au sol 20 étant connecté par ailleurs au réseau 8.In a manner known per se, the communication infrastructure 6 comprises, on board each train of the fleet, a transmission module 11 able to establish a wireless communication with a base station 7, itself connected to a wired network. 8. The ground component 20 being otherwise connected to the network 8.

La composante embarquée 10 comporte un dispositif de géolocalisation et une pluralité de dispositifs de mesure couplés à une pluralité de capteurs de manière à effectuer des mesures en temps réel et en continu de plusieurs grandeurs physiques pertinentes. Ces grandeurs physiques sont géolocalisées et transmises à la composante au sol.The on-board component 10 comprises a geolocation device and a plurality of measuring devices coupled to a plurality of sensors so as to make real-time and continuous measurements of several relevant physical quantities. These physical quantities are geolocated and transmitted to the ground component.

La composante au sol 20 permet le traitement en temps réel des mesures de ces grandeurs physiques pertinentes pour une surveillance à moyen et long terme évaluer des indicateurs de dommage et de variation de dommage et pour une surveillance à court terme détecter des évènements exceptionnels.The ground component 20 allows the real-time processing of measurements of these physical quantities relevant for medium and long-term monitoring to evaluate injury and damage variation indicators and for short-term monitoring to detect exceptional events.

Comme représentée sur la figure 2, pour chaque train 2 d'une flotte de trains, la composante embarquée 10 comporte une pluralité de capteurs 12. Ces capteurs sont éventuellement redondés. Ils sont choisis pour leur pertinence dans la mesure de l'état instantané d'exploitation d'un composant particulier du train 2, de la voie ferrée 3, ou de la caténaire (non représentée sur les figures), etc. Ce choix peut résulter d'une première campagne d'essais, permettant la sélection d'un groupe de capteurs dans un large choix de capteurs possibles.As represented on the figure 2 for each train 2 of a train fleet, the onboard component 10 comprises a plurality of sensors 12. These sensors are possibly redundant. They are chosen for their relevance in the measurement of the instantaneous state of exploitation of a particular component of the train 2, of the railroad 3, or of the catenary (not shown in the figures), etc. This choice can result from a first test campaign, allowing the selection of a group of sensors in a wide range of possible sensors.

Comme représenté sur la figure 2, un capteur peut être un accéléromètre 12.1, un moyen optique de surveillance de la voie 12.2, un capteur de mesure du courant 12.3, un accéléromètre 12.4, un moyen d'imagerie de la surface d'un rail 12.5, un accéléromètre 12.6, un moyen d'imagerie des soudures entres rails 12.7, une caméra 12.8, un système laser 12.9, etc.As shown on the figure 2 a sensor may be an accelerometer 12.1, an optical monitoring means of the channel 12.2, a current measuring sensor 12.3, an accelerometer 12.4, a means of imaging the surface of a rail 12.5, an accelerometer 12.6, a means of imaging welds between rails 12.7, a camera 12.8, a laser system 12.9, etc.

La composante embarquée 10 comporte plusieurs modules 14 de conditionnement des signaux bruts délivrés par les différents capteurs 12. Un module 14 permet d'associer, au moyen d'une fonction mathématique adaptée, plusieurs signaux bruts entrant pour générer un signal formaté en sortie, propre à être exploité directement par des modules de la composante au sol 20, comme ceci sera décrit ci-après.The on-board component 10 comprises several modules 14 for conditioning the raw signals delivered by the different sensors 12. A module 14 makes it possible to associate, by means of a suitable mathematical function, several incoming raw signals to generate a signal formatted as output, which is its own. to be operated directly by modules of the ground component 20, as will be described below.

Par exemple sur la figure 2, le module 14.1 permet de générer un signal formaté correspondant à l'état instantané de la voie ferrée. Ce signal est élaboré à partir des signaux bruts délivrés par les capteurs 12.1 et 12.2.For example on the figure 2 , module 14.1 can generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the railway. This signal is prepared from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.1 and 12.2.

Par exemple encore, le module 14.2 permet de générer un signal formaté correspondant à l'état instantané de la surface d'un rail. Ce signal est élaboré à partir des signaux bruts délivrés par les capteurs 12.3 à 12.5.For example again, the module 14.2 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the surface of a rail. This signal is prepared from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.3 to 12.5.

Par exemple encore, le module 14.3 permet de générer un signal formaté correspondant à l'état instantané des soudures entre deux rails successifs. Ce signal est élaboré à partir des signaux bruts délivrés par les capteurs 12.6 et 12.7.For example again, the module 14.3 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the welds between two successive rails. This signal is produced from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.6 and 12.7.

Par exemple encore, le module 14.4 permet de générer un signal formaté correspondant à l'état instantané de dilatation des soudures entre deux rails successifs. Ce signal est également élaboré à partir des signaux bruts délivrés par les capteurs 12.6 et 12.7.For example again, the module 14.4 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of expansion of the welds between two successive rails. This signal is also generated from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.6 and 12.7.

Par exemple encore, le module 14.5 permet de générer un signal formaté correspondant à l'état instantané de la caténaire. Ce signal est élaboré à partir des signaux bruts délivrés par les capteurs 12.8 et 12.9.For example again, the module 14.5 makes it possible to generate a formatted signal corresponding to the instantaneous state of the catenary. This signal is prepared from the raw signals delivered by the sensors 12.8 and 12.9.

Ces signaux formatés sont transmis à la composante au sol 20 via l'infrastructure de radiocommunication 6.These formatted signals are transmitted to the ground component 20 via the radio communication infrastructure 6.

Avantageusement, chaque module 14 comporte une mémoire tampon permettant l'enregistrement des signaux entrant sur une fenêtre de temps paramétrable. Cette fenêtre possède par exemple une durée de quelques heures de manière à permettre une reprise du traitement des signaux bruts en cas par exemple d'une interruption de la communication bord/sol.Advantageously, each module 14 comprises a buffer memory allowing the recording of the incoming signals on a configurable time window. This window has, for example, a duration of a few hours so as to allow a resumption of raw signal processing in case eg of an interruption of edge / ground communication.

La composante embarquée 10 comporte également un module 13 de localisation par satellites du type GPS, de manière à pouvoir étiqueter géographiquement les signaux formatés délivrés à chaque instant par les différents modules 14.The on-board component 10 also comprises a satellite positioning module 13 of the GPS type, so as to be able to geographically label the formatted signals delivered at each instant by the different modules 14.

La composante au sol 20 est par exemple constituée par un ordinateur central 22, tel que représenté sur la figure 1.The ground component 20 is for example constituted by a central computer 22, as represented on the figure 1 .

Cet ordinateur central 22 est propre à exécuter différents modules logiciels 24, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé représenté sur la figure 3.This central computer 22 is able to execute various software modules 24, for the implementation of the method shown in FIG. figure 3 .

Ainsi, l'ordinateur central 22 comporte un module 24.1 de réduction en temps réel du flux de données, qui permet de réduire considérablement la quantité de données correspondant aux signaux formatés en provenance de la composante embarquée 10 d'un train 2 particulier.Thus, the central computer 22 includes a real-time data stream reduction module 24.1, which considerably reduces the amount of data corresponding to the formatted signals coming from the on-board component 10 of a particular train 2.

Pour ce faire, le module 24.1 est propre à tenir compte d'un signal formaté en fonction de son amplitude. Plus précisément, le module 24.1 utilise une matrice d'occurrences M, qui est une matrice carré à N colonnes Ci. Par exemple la matrice M est une matrice 64x64. Une colonne Ci correspond à un signal formaté particulier, chaque élément mi,j de la colonne Ci étant associé à un intervalle d'amplitude maximum dj du signal formaté correspondant. La valeur de l'élément mi,j est égal au nombre d'occurrences du signal formaté associé à la colonne Ci dont l'amplitude maximum se situe dans l'intervalle dj. La matrice d'occurrences M permet de comptabiliser, pour chaque type de signal formaté, les différentes formes du signal formaté. La matrice M sera exploitée pour une surveillance à moyen ou long terme d'un composant par un calculateur 70 propre à calculer les dommages D affectant le train surveillé.To do this, the module 24.1 is able to take into account a signal formatted according to its amplitude. More precisely, the module 24.1 uses an instance matrix M, which is a square matrix with N columns Ci. For example, the matrix M is a 64x64 matrix. A column Ci corresponds to a particular formatted signal, each element mi, j of the column Ci being associated with a maximum amplitude interval dj of the corresponding formatted signal. The value of the element mi, j is equal to the number of occurrences of the formatted signal associated with the column Ci whose maximum amplitude is in the interval dj. The matrix of occurrences M makes it possible to count, for each type of formatted signal, the different forms of the formatted signal. The matrix M will be exploited for medium or long-term monitoring of a component by a computer 70 able to calculate the damage D affecting the monitored train.

L'ordinateur central 22 comporte un module 24.2 de détection d'événements exceptionnels E pour la surveillance à court terme. Un évènement exceptionnel E est défini lors du dépassement par un signal formaté donné d'un seuil en amplitude. Ce seuil a été préalablement défini par un opérateur lors de la configuration du système de surveillance, via une interface utilisateur Avantageusement, ce seuil est une fonction de la position du train le long de la voie par rapport à une origine prédéfinie. En définissant un seuil élevée pour un intervalle de positions le long de la voie où l'on sait qu'il existe un défaut, et un seuil faible ailleurs, il est possible de détecter la survenue de nouveaux défauts sur la voie.The central computer 22 includes a module 24.2 for exceptional event detection E for short-term monitoring. An exceptional event E is defined when a given formatted signal passes an amplitude threshold. This threshold was previously defined by an operator during the configuration of the monitoring system, via a user interface. Advantageously, this threshold is a function of the position of the train along the track with respect to a predefined origin. By defining a high threshold for a range of positions along the path where it is known that there is a fault, and a low threshold elsewhere, it is possible to detect the occurrence of new defects on the path.

L'ordinateur central comporte un module 24.3 de reconnaissance de la voie sur laquelle circule le train 2 à l'instant courant, à partir de la position instantanée P délivrée par le module de localisation par satellites 13 du train 2 et d'un ensemble de cartographies du réseau ferroviaire sur lequel le train est amené à circuler.The central computer comprises a module 24.3 for recognizing the path on which the train 2 is traveling at the current instant, starting from the instantaneous position P delivered by the satellite positioning module 13 of the train 2 and a set of cartographies of the railway network on which the train is circulated.

L'ordinateur central 22 comporte un module de dommage 24.4 propre à calculer, à partir de la valeur courante de la matrice d'occurrences M, maintenue à jour par le module 24.1 et des informations de position géographique du train et de reconnaissance de la voie tenues à jour par le module 24.3, une grandeur D relative à un dommage mécanique pouvant affecter un composant surveillé. Le module 24.4 utilise pour cela un modèle de fatigue du composant surveillé. Ce modèle est choisi dans un catalogue de modèles possibles, en fonction du type de dommages que l'on surveille : dommage dû aux passages en tunnel, dommage dû aux croisements en plein air, etc.The central computer 22 includes a damage module 24.4 able to calculate, from the current value of the matrix of occurrences M, maintained by the module 24.1 and geographical position information of the train and recognition of the track maintained by module 24.3, a quantity D relating to a mechanical damage that may affect a monitored component. Module 24.4 uses a fatigue model of the monitored component for this purpose. This model is chosen from a model catalog possible, depending on the type of damage being monitored: damage due to tunneling, damage due to crossings in the open air, etc.

L'ordinateur central 22 comporte un module de variation de dommage 24.5 propre à calculer, par rapport au temps ou à la distance parcourue par le train, ou encore pour une voie ou un profil de voie donné, une variation d'un dommage D à partir d'une pluralité de valeurs de la grandeur de dommage D en sortie du module 24.4.The central computer 22 comprises a damage variation module 24.5 able to calculate, with respect to the time or distance traveled by the train, or for a given track or channel profile, a variation of a damage D to from a plurality of values of the damage quantity D at the output of the module 24.4.

L'ordinateur central 22 comporte une interface homme/machine permettant à un opérateur d'interagir avec le système, par exemple pour définir les valeurs de seuil d'alerte pour les dommages ou leurs variations et des seuils pour la définition des événements exceptionnels, ou encore pour l'initialisation de la matrice d'occurrences M.The central computer 22 comprises a man / machine interface allowing an operator to interact with the system, for example to define the threshold alert values for the damage or their variations and thresholds for the definition of the exceptional events, or again for the initialization of the matrix of occurrences M.

L'ordinateur central 22 comporte un module 26 de supervision propre à comparer, à chaque instant, la valeur d'un dommage D ou la valeur d'une variation de dommage ΔD par rapport à un seuil d'alerte. En cas de dépassement de ce seuil d'alerte, le module 26 est propre à générer une alerte de maintenance.The central computer 22 includes a supervision module 26 capable of comparing, at each moment, the value of a damage D or the value of a variation of damage ΔD with respect to an alert threshold. If this alert threshold is exceeded, the module 26 is able to generate a maintenance alert.

Enfin, la composante au sol comporte une base de données 23 enregistrant :

  • les différents dommages D calculés par le module de calcul de dommage 24.4 et le module de calcul de variations : dommage absolu, relatif, par voie, etc.
  • les variations premières et éventuellement secondes des dommages, par rapport à la distance parcourue ou au temps ou à d'autres paramètres. Ceci permet de caractériser la vitesse de dégradation et donc de prévoir la prochaine phase de maintenance du matériel roulant et/ou de la voie concernée, et éventuellement détecter une accélération de la dégradation nécessitant une anticipation de la phase de maintenance pour réaliser une intervention rapide de nature à garantir la sécurité.
Finally, the ground component comprises a database 23 recording:
  • the various damages D calculated by the damage calculation module 24.4 and the module for calculating variations: absolute, relative, per-channel damage, etc.
  • the first and possibly second variations of the damage, in relation to the distance traveled or time or other parameters. This makes it possible to characterize the speed of degradation and thus to predict the next phase of maintenance of the rolling stock and / or the channel concerned, and possibly to detect an acceleration of the degradation requiring an anticipation of the maintenance phase to achieve a rapid intervention of nature to guarantee security.

Les indicateurs calculés par le présent système sont plus pertinents que le seul kilométrage parcouru par le train.The indicators calculated by this system are more relevant than the only mileage traveled by the train.

Le système permet d'analyser à la fois les événements à durée de vie courte (défauts locaux d'appareils de voies générant des sollicitations anormales, accostages en sur-vitesse, mouvement de voies, etc.) et les événements à durée de vie longue (vieillissement des voies et du matériel).The system is able to analyze both short-lived events (local faults of channel devices generating abnormal stresses, over-speed berthing, lane movement, etc.) and long-lived events. (aging of tracks and equipment).

Grâce à ces indicateurs, la durée de vie et/ou le pas de maintenance du train peut être optimisé(e), notamment en adaptant le profil de mission par rapport à un indicateur correspondant à un indice de sollicitation des voies.Thanks to these indicators, the service life and / or maintenance rate of the train can be optimized, in particular by adapting the mission profile with respect to an indicator corresponding to a signaling index.

De plus, des données factuelles sur la qualité des voies du réseau sont obtenues afin de procéder à l'entretien des voies.In addition, factual data on the quality of the network lanes are obtained for the maintenance of the tracks.

Ainsi, cette surveillance permet de réaliser l'optimisation de la maintenance d'une flotte de trains et de détecter toute apparition de défauts de la voie dégradant anormalement le confort des passagers et la durée de vie du train.Thus, this monitoring makes it possible to optimize the maintenance of a fleet of trains and to detect any appearance of defects in the track that abnormally degrades the comfort of the passengers and the life of the train.

Par ailleurs, le constructeur peut disposer d'éléments objectifs vis à vis d'une garantie sur le matériel. Les garanties contractuelles peuvent donc être assujetties à des clauses d'exploitations pouvant être surveillées par le système selon l'invention.In addition, the manufacturer may have objective elements with respect to a warranty on the equipment. Contractual guarantees may therefore be subject to operating clauses that can be monitored by the system according to the invention.

L'enrichissement progressif de la base de données permet à terme de définir des hypothèses d'exploitation plus réalistes pour le dimensionnement des futurs produits.The gradual enrichment of the database ultimately allows the definition of more realistic operating assumptions for the sizing of future products.

Claims (4)

  1. A system (1) for monitoring the operating conditions of a rail vehicle (2), including an onboard device (10) onboard said rail vehicle, incorporating a geolocation device (13), a plurality of sensors (12) chosen for their relevance to measure an instantaneous operating condition of a monitored component of said rail vehicle, and at least one module (14) shaping the raw measurement signals delivered by one or more of said sensors to generate at least one formatted signal corresponding to said instantaneous operating state of said monitored component, and a ground device (20), incorporating a computer analyzing said at least one formatted signal, to generate at least one indicator relative to the monitored component, said indicator making it possible to detect damages and follow variations of said damages so as to optimize a maintenance step of the monitored component, where the computer includes a damage module (24.4) capable, form said at least one formatted signal and a fatigue model of said monitored component, of computing said indicator from said, characterized in that the ground device (20) includes a module (24.1) for the real-time reduction of the data flow using an occurrence matrix (M) that makes it possible, for each formatted signal type, to account for the different forms of the formatted signal based on its amplitude, said occurrence matrix (M) taking said at least one formatted signal as input, the damage module (24.4) using said matrix as input, and in that the occurrence matrix (M) is a square matrix with N columns Ci, wherein a column Ci corresponds to a particular formatted signal, each element mi,j of the column Ci being associated with an interval of maximum amplitude (dj) of the corresponding formatted signal, and wherein the value of the element mi,j is equal to the number of occurrences of the formatted signal associated with the column Ci whose maximum amplitude is situated in the interval (dj).
  2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the ground device (20) includes a variation damage module (24.5) capable, from several successive values of the damage indicator generated at the output of the damage module (24.4), of computing a variation of said indicator.
  3. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, including a supervision module (26) capable of comparing, at any moment, the value of the indicator computed by the damage module (24.4) and/or the value of the variation of the damage indicator computed by the damage variation module (24.5), relative to an alert threshold, and, when said alert threshold is exceeded, the supervision module (26) generates an alert.
  4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, including a database (23) storing damage indicators and/or variations of damage indicator, preferably time and/or location stamped.
EP15197819.4A 2014-12-04 2015-12-03 System for monitoring the operating conditions of a train Active EP3028921B1 (en)

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ES2733473T3 (en) 2019-11-29
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CN105667538A (en) 2016-06-15
US9676402B2 (en) 2017-06-13
FR3029488A1 (en) 2016-06-10
CN105667538B (en) 2019-11-19
IL242792A0 (en) 2016-04-21
EP3028921A1 (en) 2016-06-08
BR102015030366B1 (en) 2022-05-17
BR102015030366A2 (en) 2016-06-07
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AU2015264781A1 (en) 2016-06-23
US20160159380A1 (en) 2016-06-09

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