EP3028002A1 - Method for increasing the range of spin-stabilized projectiles, and projectile of said type - Google Patents
Method for increasing the range of spin-stabilized projectiles, and projectile of said typeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3028002A1 EP3028002A1 EP14744849.2A EP14744849A EP3028002A1 EP 3028002 A1 EP3028002 A1 EP 3028002A1 EP 14744849 A EP14744849 A EP 14744849A EP 3028002 A1 EP3028002 A1 EP 3028002A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- transverse channels
- tail
- longitudinal channel
- boundary layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
- F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for increasing the range of spin-stabilized projectiles and a similar projectile.
- Swirl-stabilized projectiles are fired from drawn or smooth gun barrels that put the bullet either via spiral-shaped trains or appropriate design of aerodynamically effective surfaces in rapid rotation, which stabilizes its trajectory by centrifugal forces.
- the projectile is braked along its trajectory by resistance forces that depend on the shape of the projectile and its velocity: ⁇ In the front bow area of the projectile, the forces of impact resistance and wave resistance are the main factors.
- the projectile At the rear of the rear, forces from the pressure drop mainly act in the so-called dead water of the blunt base of the projectile.
- the projectile must have a high initial velocity, preferably supersonic velocity, and the resistance forces must be minimized so that the energy loss of the projectile is minimized along the trajectory.
- the nose of the projectile is formed with optimized resistance, preferably as an ogive, and the tail slightly retracted, which is known as the boat tail or "boat tail", so that the cross section of the pressure reduction is reduced at the base of the projectile.
- a further increase of the base pressure can be achieved by the additional outflow of gas at the projectile base as so-called "base bleed", whereby the range can be significantly increased.
- the object of the invention is to find a method and a projectile which reduces the energy loss of the projectile along the trajectory without additional propellant charge and thus can increase its range and target effect.
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the flow field to a supersonic projectile with Mach cone at the bow and the rear of the projectile, energy transfer to the boundary layer, NachstromMech with dead water and turbulent wake.
- a spin stabilized projectile 1 according to the prior art with ogivalem bug and projectile tip la, cylindrical middle part lb and retracted projectile tail lc is shown, as well as for smaller caliber ammunition up to and including caliber .50 BMG, ie 12,7x99 mm, typical is.
- the swirl stabilization is usually by achieved the shooting of drawn runs, but can also be achieved by other means, such as inclined aerodynamically effective surfaces. With regard to the effect according to the invention, only the occurrence of a rotation is necessary with a sufficiently large angular frequency, depending on the specific projectile design.
- the energy loss e of the projectile 1 is energy gain of the boundary layer 8.
- the energy loss of the projectile 1 along its path can be reduced by filling the velocity profile of the boundary layer 8 by feeding medium already moving at projectile velocity, which is the result Wall friction reduced.
- the rotation of the projectile 1 and the radial or centrifugal acceleration generated thereby is used to convey fluid particles or particles of the medium from the dead water 5 of the projectile 1 into the boundary layer 8.
- the range of a spin stabilized projectile can be increased or the projectile drop per distance interval can be reduced, so that a flatter trajectory with increased hit probability and a higher energy result in the target.
- Fig 3a-b the representation of a first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention in side and sectional view takes place.
- the spin-stabilized projectile 1 with an outer surface, a projectile tip and a projectile tail will be so formed, that the outer surface has at least one circumferential groove 9, which are connected via radial transverse channels 10 with at least one longitudinal channel 11 in the interior of the projectile 1, which in turn is connected to an opening in Pro ektilheck.
- this longitudinal channel 11 is, for example, formed as an axial or longitudinal bore from the base or the projectile tail to the height of the circumferential groove 9 in its outer wall, from which the transverse channels 10 substantially at right angles, ie in the radial direction branch off, which can also be realized by appropriate drilling.
- other types of manufacturing method according to the invention can be used.
- the groove is in this case as close as possible to the bow region, so that a large part of the outer surface can be influenced by the generated flow with respect to the flow field.
- the groove 9 can be arranged directly on the front part of the substantially cylindrical central part of the projectile.
- the transition of the longitudinal channel 11 to the projectile base or the projectile tail is aerodynamically shaped, for example by a rounding r4 of the transition edge.
- the flow that forms there increases the base pressure at the rear of the projectile, which reduces its resistance.
- the diameter d4 of the longitudinal channel depends on various factors, such as the dimensions of the projectile, its internal structure and the expected Mach number or flight or muzzle velocity.
- the cross section of the longitudinal channel 11 can be formed round and constant in the simplest case be, according to the invention, however, other geometries are used.
- the channel can also be performed polygonal or star-shaped and with a length-dependent variable cross-section. Due to the swirl stabilization, however, a symmetrical mass distribution is to be ensured with respect to the swirl axis.
- a multiplicity or multiplicity of such channels can also be formed.
- the longitudinal channel 11 is in contact with a plurality of uniformly radially distributed transverse channels 10, which connect the longitudinal channel 11 as an inner conveyor channel with the outer wall of the projectile 1 and terminate in the circumferential groove 9.
- transverse forces 10 which are executed as bores, produce a centrifugal force and therefrom the desired conveying effect, which conveys the fluid or surrounding medium from the dead water into the longitudinal channel 11 and finally into the boundary layer.
- the number of cross channels 10 may be adapted to the corresponding projectile geometries and flow conditions, and may be both even and odd, e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8. Due to the imbalance avoidance for the
- the transverse channels 10 are uniform, ie distributed equidistantly over the circumference or with the same angular division.
- the longitudinal channel 11 and the transverse channels 10 may have the various and mentioned in the local context geometries to take into account the production and fluidic conditions.
- the radial transverse channels 10 can be a sickle-shaped or curved in or against the Have direction pointing in the direction of twist, so that the flow behavior of the conveyed medium can be influenced by a component acting in or counter to the direction of rotation.
- the radial transverse channels 10 with a tapering in or against the radial direction course, in particular, the cross section d2 can be extended in the outlet region of the groove 9.
- the length of the radial transverse channels 10 and thus the proportion of the projectile diameter available for the centrifugal acceleration of the medium depends on the specific configuration of the projectile 1 and its flight or rotation speed. In particular, however, this can amount to at least one third of the diameter of the projectile 1 in each case.
- the transverse channels 10 terminate in a circumferential groove 9 as a collecting channel for the fluid flowing out of the transverse channels 10, wherein the flowing surrounding medium or its boundary layer is relined out of the groove 9. It is advantageous to perform the groove 9 forward relatively sharp-edged to force a stall of the inflowing boundary layer, and provided at the rear with a shallow transition to promote the pumped fluid evenly under the front inflowing boundary layer flow and the velocity profile wall side fill.
- the circumferential groove 9 has a profile whose projectile tip facing edge 9a is steeper than the projectile tail facing edge 9b is formed.
- the projectile 1 according to the invention can be designed both as a full storey, but also as a jacketed projectile or as a projectile with a more complex internal structure, as is the case, for example, with artillery projectiles. Accordingly, the method according to the invention and the projectiles according to the invention are also not restricted to specific projectile types or calibers. In particular, small or medium calibers, e.g. common sports or hunting ammunition or anti-aircraft gun ammunition in the caliber 35mm or 40mm, but also artillery shells in the caliber 155mm, 175mm or 203mm are designed according to the invention.
- small or medium calibers e.g. common sports or hunting ammunition or anti-aircraft gun ammunition in the caliber 35mm or 40mm, but also artillery shells in the caliber 155mm, 175mm or 203mm are designed according to the invention.
- a projectile 1 according to the invention can have a sabot or a sabot or can also be designed as a flange projectile.
- the boundary layer flowing in over the bow of the projectile 1 is underfloated with fluid originating in the dead water zone and having the same velocity as the projectile 1.
- the flow around the projectile 1 changes, as in FIG 4a-b shown.
- the inflowing boundary layer separates from the wall and is underflowed by the fluid pumped from the interior into the groove.
- the boundary layer near the wall is filled up with fluid which essentially has the velocity of the projectile (B2).
- the base pressure of the projectile is increased by centrifugal forces in the inlet, which causes the Resistance component from the reduction of the base pressure without additional propellant gases reduces.
- the pressure increase at the base comes here from the circulation flow.
- 5 shows the schematic representation of the flow around at supersonic speed for the first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention. From the changed compared to Figure 2 flow field around the projectile is seen that a portion of the fluid from the dead water circulates around the rear of the projectile and does not get into the turbulent wake. As a result, the energy loss of the projectile along the trajectory decreases.
- the circulation leads to a detachment bladder 12 in the middle region, which there reduces the wall shear stress, and to an increase in pressure in the inflow of the base or the projectile tail, which reduces the resistance component from the flow around the blunt stern.
- the reduction of the resistance forces corresponds to the reduction of energy loss. As a result, range and target energy or target effect of the projectile are increased.
- a second embodiment of the projectile according to the invention which in particular has manufacturing advantages, is shown in Figures 6a-c.
- bores are disadvantageous for cost reasons, so that it makes sense to manufacture projectiles from at least two parts 13 and 14, in which the required channels are formed as initially open flutes or hollow webs 15.
- a projectile according to the invention is thus composed in this case of at least two parts 13 and 14, wherein at least one of the two parts 13 and 14 has a plurality of evenly distributed on the circumference of hollow webs 15, preferably two to eight, wherein these after assembly in the interaction of the two Parts 13 and 14, the radial transverse channels 10 ' and / or the at least one longitudinal channel 11 'form.
- the several recesses can be uniformly let into the circumference. They connect the base of the projectile through an opening with its side wall or outer surface and rear opening and, together with the inner cone, form a system of channel-like tubes, which enable the transport of fluid from the dead water into the wall boundary layer.
- the projectile tip forming part 13 peg-shaped projecting into the projectile tail forming part 14. As a result, the at least two parts 13 and 14 centered by conical seat and joined by friction, positive engagement, gluing, soldering or welding and connected to each other, wherein the parts 13 and 14 may also consist of different materials.
- the channels are formed as a recess in one of the first of the two parts 13 and 14, wherein the second part 14 during assembly covers the open channel side, so that a total again longitudinally effetströmbare tubes and thus the inventive channels 10 'and 11' are formed.
- the second embodiment of the projectile according to the invention consists of two parts 13 and 14, which can be centered over a conical seat and joined by frictional engagement in a press fit.
- the parts may be joined together by positive locking, gluing, welding, soldering or another joining method.
- Particularly advantageous here are the flow-favorable rounding of the channels, ie the transition from the longitudinal channel 11 'to the transverse channels 10' and the transition to the lateral wall opening shapable, whereby the radial transverse channels 10 'and the at least one longitudinal channel 11 'have a common curved course. This allows a continuous and streamlined course of the entire channel can be realized.
- the hollow paths required in front of the channels can be embedded both alone in the first part 13 and only in the second part 14 or in both parts 13 and 14. They may be parallel to the longitudinal axis or spiral, wherein at least two channels are required to avoid imbalance, but preferably, depending on the caliber two to eight channels evenly distributed around the circumference.
- the two parts 13 and 14 can be made from cylindrical solid material and from tubes by cold forming, which allows a simple and cost-effective production. It is also advantageous here that the two parts can be made of different materials.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01342/13A CH708412A2 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2013-07-31 | Projectile with improved coverage. |
PCT/EP2014/066341 WO2015014877A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-07-30 | Method for increasing the range of spin-stabilized projectiles, and projectile of said type |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3028002A1 true EP3028002A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
EP3028002B1 EP3028002B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
Family
ID=51257497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14744849.2A Active EP3028002B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 | 2014-07-30 | Method for increasing the range of spin-stabilized projectiles, and projectile of said type |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10094644B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3028002B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH708412A2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2699433T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE040260T2 (en) |
TR (1) | TR201816455T4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015014877A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE538646C2 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-11 | Nammo Vanäsverken Ab | Track light projectile and method of applying a track light device to a track light projectile |
US10317178B2 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2019-06-11 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optimized subsonic projectiles and related methods |
US10928168B2 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2021-02-23 | Curtis E. Graber | Noise control system and method for small caliber ammunition |
US10119780B1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-11-06 | David Wayne Bergeron | Light gas gun projectile |
CN114692318B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-26 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Grid type fuel tank structure damage resistance assessment method for airplane impact dynamics test |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB374091A (en) * | 1929-12-24 | 1932-05-30 | Hermann Gerlich | Improvements in or relating to fire-arms or other projectile propelling apparatus and projectiles therefor |
US2507878A (en) * | 1943-10-16 | 1950-05-16 | Jr Thomas A Banning | Projectile |
US2624281A (en) * | 1947-09-10 | 1953-01-06 | James A Mcnally | Projectile |
US2793592A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1957-05-28 | William J Kroeger | Reaction means for rotating ammunition projectiles at low speeds |
FR1246710A (en) | 1957-04-08 | 1960-11-25 | Aeronautical mobile | |
GB1019061A (en) | 1961-03-29 | 1966-02-02 | Herbert Harry Pearcey | Improvements relating to control of fluid flow past bodies and to reduction of drag of such bodies |
US4379531A (en) * | 1970-11-18 | 1983-04-12 | Manis John R | Projectile |
US4176487A (en) * | 1970-11-18 | 1979-12-04 | Manis John R | Firearm barrels and projectiles |
US3890902A (en) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-06-24 | Us Army | Projectile |
US3913489A (en) * | 1973-12-19 | 1975-10-21 | Us Army | Projectile |
PT77697B (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1986-02-12 | Ladriere Serge | IMPROVED PROJECTILE FOR DISCHARGE BY FIREARMS |
US5381736A (en) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-01-17 | Kalcic; Frank | Recoil reducing bullet |
US8267015B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2012-09-18 | Liberty Ammunition, Inc. | Multi-component projectile rotational interlock |
US8082850B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-12-27 | Liberty Ammunition, Inc. | Synchronized spin multi-component projectile |
AU2013101363B4 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2014-03-13 | Techventure Investments Pty Ltd | A projectile body and corresponding ammunition round for small arms or a light firearm |
-
2013
- 2013-07-31 CH CH01342/13A patent/CH708412A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2014
- 2014-07-30 HU HUE14744849A patent/HUE040260T2/en unknown
- 2014-07-30 US US14/908,488 patent/US10094644B2/en active Active
- 2014-07-30 EP EP14744849.2A patent/EP3028002B1/en active Active
- 2014-07-30 ES ES14744849T patent/ES2699433T3/en active Active
- 2014-07-30 TR TR2018/16455T patent/TR201816455T4/en unknown
- 2014-07-30 WO PCT/EP2014/066341 patent/WO2015014877A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2015014877A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3028002B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
ES2699433T3 (en) | 2019-02-11 |
TR201816455T4 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
HUE040260T2 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
US20160169644A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
US10094644B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
CH708412A2 (en) | 2015-02-13 |
WO2015014877A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
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