EP3025107B1 - Method for the heat treatment of coated semifinished steel products - Google Patents

Method for the heat treatment of coated semifinished steel products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3025107B1
EP3025107B1 EP14741577.2A EP14741577A EP3025107B1 EP 3025107 B1 EP3025107 B1 EP 3025107B1 EP 14741577 A EP14741577 A EP 14741577A EP 3025107 B1 EP3025107 B1 EP 3025107B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyer
semi
element group
elements
furnace
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP14741577.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3025107A1 (en
Inventor
Janko Banik
Maria KÖYER
Georg Parma
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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Priority to PL14741577T priority Critical patent/PL3025107T3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B2009/3094—Means to store a part of the charge in the furnace

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of coated semi-finished steel products, comprising at least one heatable continuous furnace, with at least one conveyor for the steel semi-finished products, wherein the conveyor has conveying elements and the semi-finished steel in the continuous furnace rest on the conveyor elements.
  • the heat treatment of steel semi-finished products takes place in particular for the purpose of austenitizing to prepare the press-hardening.
  • Austenitmaschine with subsequent press hardening i. the deformation and quenching of the heated to about 800 - 1000 ° C semi-finished steel
  • the formed steel semi-finished product has a martensitic structure, whereby the strength of the formed steel semi-finished product increases significantly.
  • mullite as a ceramic material for the rollers.
  • a liquid to viscous Al-Si layer is formed on the mullite rolls in a heating profile dependent area. Since the Al-Si alloyed during the heat treatment with the iron of the steel semi-finished product, This AlSi layer is formed on the ceramic rollers within a characteristic temperature-time range. Which conveying elements are affected by the adhesions described depends on the one hand, as already described, on the temperature-time profile and on the other hand on the surface material of the conveying elements, which comes into contact with the surface of the steel semi-finished products.
  • zinc alloy coatings for example coatings with a zinc-nickel coating
  • Even those with a zinc-based coated steel semi-finished products must be austenitized to prepare the press-hardening.
  • Both AlSi and zinc-based semi-finished steel products are suitable for direct press hardening.
  • direct press hardening a blank is punched out of a coil and fed to the heat treatment without pre-deformation.
  • indirect method a blank is punched out of a coil, then cold-worked and then the preformed component is also fed to the heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing.
  • intensive contact between the surface of the board and the conveying elements of the device for heat treatment occurs during transport of the planar board.
  • the preformed components are usually transported on workpiece carriers during the heat treatment in the indirect process for the purpose of austenitizing. Thus, there is usually no contact between the coated semi-finished steel product and the conveying elements.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, the known method for heat treatment of coated semi-finished steel in such a way and further develop that during direct press hardening alternately campaigns with AlSi-coated steel semi-finished, zinc-based steel semi-finished products and / or further suitable for the heat transformation coating systems on organic or inorganic base, without this resulting in adverse effects on press hardening and without the press-hardened products are impaired.
  • the previously derived and indicated object is achieved in that at least one decoupling section of the continuous furnace has at least two conveying element groups, each conveying element group has at least one conveying element and the semi-finished steel lies in the decoupling section either on the conveying elements of the first conveying element group or the conveying elements of the second conveying element group.
  • coated steel semi-finished products rest on the conveying elements of the first conveyor element group and rest with a further coating system on organic or inorganic base coated semi-finished steel products that are suitable for hot forming on the conveying elements of the second conveyor element group.
  • the conveying elements are designed according to a first alternative as rollers. These transport rollers are largely proven and reliable.
  • the conveying elements are designed as a semifinished product carrier connected to a transport chain.
  • This embodiment makes it possible in a guide of the semi-finished carrier by a slot in the Oven wall to arrange the moving parts, ie essentially the transport chain outside the high temperature range.
  • first conveyor element group are arranged in a first furnace chamber of the decoupling section and the second conveyor element group in a second furnace chamber of the decoupling, it is ensured that, for example, during operation of the first furnace chamber, the second furnace chamber of a maintenance, in particular a cleaning of the conveying elements can be subjected.
  • Decoupling can be ensured in a particularly unproblematic way by virtue of the fact that, in a furnace chamber of the decoupling section, the first conveyor element group is designed as a first roller conveyor and the second conveyor element group as a second roller conveyor. This ensures a very compact arrangement of the decoupled conveyor element groups.
  • At least one furnace chamber of the continuous furnace is height-adjustable and / or laterally adjustable.
  • the roller tracks are aligned by appropriate adjustment of the oven chamber to the other sections of the continuous furnace.
  • a furnace switch is arranged before and / or after the decoupling section. With the help of this furnace turn a potentially complex partial or complete operation of the furnace chamber can be reduced or avoided.
  • the conveyor elements arranged in a furnace chamber are arranged, for example, height-adjustable or laterally adjustable.
  • the decoupling according to the invention can be ensured without height adjustment of a furnace chamber or the use of a furnace switch.
  • this relative height adjustment for example, every second roller in a roller conveyor or every second semi-carrier connected to a transport chain can be lowered in the change of the campaigns within the decoupling section. These rollers then come with the semi-finished steel not in touch.
  • the method according to the invention is further configured in that the continuous furnace has a homogenization section following the decoupling section in the conveying direction.
  • the alloying of, for example, AlSi coating into the material of the steel semifinished product results in any case that the essential part of the homogenization takes place in a region in which, for example, AlSi deposits on the conveying elements are to be feared.
  • the joint use of the homogenization section both for campaigns with, for example, AlSi-coated components and, for example, zinc-based coated components and / or further suitable for hot forming coating systems on an organic or inorganic basis leads to reduced system costs.
  • a timely transfer of the austenitic steel semi-finished products is ensured by an exit area of the continuous furnace is assigned to a forming press.
  • a forming press When transferring the semi-finished steel products to the forming press, it is crucial that the heated steel semi-finished products enter the press in a defined state and are subsequently press-hardened. This is ensured by a direct assignment of the output range of the continuous furnace to a forming press.
  • the schematic diagram of a device for heat treatment of coated steel semi-finished products 1 has an in Fig. 1 only indicated continuous furnace 2 on. Shown here is a conveyor 3 for the semi-finished steel products 1, which has rollers 4 as conveying elements. As can be seen, the semi-finished steel products 1, which are austenitizing as direct products for direct press hardening and designed as blanks, rest on the rollers 4 in the continuous furnace.
  • a decoupling section 5 of the continuous furnace 2 has two conveyor element groups 6, 7.
  • each of the conveyor element groups 6, 7 has a plurality of conveyor elements designed as rollers 4 and the semi-finished steel 1 is located in the decoupling section 5 either on the conveyor elements of the first conveyor element group 6 or the conveyor elements of the second conveyor element group 7.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows that the decoupling section 5 is arranged in the temperature-time range in which, for example, AlSi coating already liquefied (AlSi lq ), ie no longer in the original solid state (AlSi sol ) and has not yet been alloyed by the high temperatures in the material of the steel semi-finished product 1 (AlSi leg ).
  • the first conveying element group 6 is arranged in a first furnace chamber 8 of the decoupling section 5 and the second conveying element group 7 is arranged in a second furnace chamber 9 of the decoupling section 5.
  • the first conveyor element group 6 and the second conveyor element group 7 each designed as superimposed roller tables.
  • the semifinished steel products 1 are transferred to a homogenization section 11, the output region of which is assigned a forming press 12, which is likewise shown schematically.
  • furnace chamber 10 is adjustable in height, whereby the transfer of the steel semi-finished products 1 is guaranteed without separate furnace switch.
  • the press-hardened workpiece 13 is shown in the forming press 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung beschichteter Stahlhalbzeuge, mit mindestens einem beheizbaren Durchlaufofen, mit mindestens einer Fördereinrichtung für die Stahlhalbzeuge, wobei die Fördereinrichtung Förderelemente aufweist und die Stahlhalbzeuge im Durchlaufofen auf den Förderelementen aufliegen.The present invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of coated semi-finished steel products, comprising at least one heatable continuous furnace, with at least one conveyor for the steel semi-finished products, wherein the conveyor has conveying elements and the semi-finished steel in the continuous furnace rest on the conveyor elements.

Die Wärmebehandlung von Stahlhalbzeugen findet insbesondere zum Zwecke der Austenitisierung zur Vorbereitung des Presshärtens statt. Durch die Austenitisierung mit anschließender Presshärtung, d.h. der Verformung und Abschreckung des auf etwa 800 - 1000°C erwärmten Stahlhalbzeuges, weist das umgeformte Stahlhalbzeug eine martensitische Struktur auf, wodurch die Festigkeit des umgeformten Stahlhalbzeugs deutlich zunimmt.The heat treatment of steel semi-finished products takes place in particular for the purpose of austenitizing to prepare the press-hardening. By Austenitisierung with subsequent press hardening, i. the deformation and quenching of the heated to about 800 - 1000 ° C semi-finished steel, the formed steel semi-finished product has a martensitic structure, whereby the strength of the formed steel semi-finished product increases significantly.

Um die Stahlhalbzeuge beim Transport und bei der Wärmebehandlung vor Korrosion und Verzunderung zu schützen, ist es bekannt, diese mit einer Beschichtung aus AlSi zu versehen. Beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2011051270 A1 ist weiter bekannt, dass diese Beschichtung im Zuge der Austenitisierung ausgehend vom festen Zustand zunächst aufschmilzt und anschließend in den Stahlgrundwerkstoff der Stahlhalbzeuge einlegiert. Aus diesem Stand der Technik ist weiter bekannt, dass sich auf den als Förderelemente eingesetzten Rollen Ablagerungen des Beschichtungswerkstoffes bilden.In order to protect the steel semi-finished products against corrosion and scaling during transport and heat treatment, it is known to provide them with a coating of AlSi. For example, from the DE 10 2011051270 A1 is also known that this coating initially melts in the course of austenitization, starting from the solid state and then alloyed into the steel base material of the steel semi-finished products. It is further known from this prior art that deposits of the coating material form on the rollers used as conveying elements.

Aus dem beschriebenen Stand der Technik ist weiter bekannt, als keramischen Werkstoff für die Rollen Mullit einzusetzen. Schmilzt die Al-Si-Beschichtung während der Wärmebehandlung auf, bilden sich in einem von dem Aufheizprofil abhängigen Bereich auf den Mullit-Rollen eine flüssige bis dickflüssige Al-Si-Schicht. Da das Al-Si während der Wärmebehandlung mit dem Eisen des Stahlhalbzeuges auflegiert, entsteht diese AlSi-Schicht auf den keramischen Rollen innerhalb eines charakteristischen Temperatur-Zeitbereichs. Welche Förderelemente von den beschriebenen Anhaftungen betroffen sind, hängt einerseits, wie bereits beschrieben, von dem Temperatur-Zeitprofil und andererseits von dem Oberflächenmaterial der Förderelemente, welches mit der Oberfläche der Stahlhalbzeuge in Verbindung kommt, ab.From the described prior art is further known to use mullite as a ceramic material for the rollers. When the Al-Si coating melts during the heat treatment, a liquid to viscous Al-Si layer is formed on the mullite rolls in a heating profile dependent area. Since the Al-Si alloyed during the heat treatment with the iron of the steel semi-finished product, This AlSi layer is formed on the ceramic rollers within a characteristic temperature-time range. Which conveying elements are affected by the adhesions described depends on the one hand, as already described, on the temperature-time profile and on the other hand on the surface material of the conveying elements, which comes into contact with the surface of the steel semi-finished products.

Als Alternative zur Beschichtung der Stahlhalbzeuge mit AlSi sind weiter Zinklegierungsüberzüge, beispielsweise Überzüge mit einer Zink-Nickel-Beschichtung bekannt. Auch derartige mit einer auf Zinkbasis beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge müssen zur Vorbereitung des Presshärtens austenitisiert werden.As an alternative to coating the semi-finished steel products with AlSi, zinc alloy coatings, for example coatings with a zinc-nickel coating, are also known. Even those with a zinc-based coated steel semi-finished products must be austenitized to prepare the press-hardening.

Sowohl die AlSi- als auch die auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Stahlhalbzeuge eignen sich für das direkte Presshärten. Beim direkten Presshärten wird eine Platine aus einem Coil herausgestanzt und der Wärmebehandlung ohne Vorverformung zugeführt. Demgegenüber wird beim sogenannten indirekten Verfahren eine Platine aus einem Coil herausgestanzt, anschließend kaltverformt und das vorgeformte Bauteil dann der Wärmebehandlung ebenfalls zum Zweck der Austenitisierung zugeführt. Beim aufgrund seiner Einschrittigkeit zu bevorzugenden direkten Verfahren kommt es beim Transport der ebenen Platine zu intensivem Kontakt zwischen der Oberfläche der Platine und den Förderelementen der Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung. Demgegenüber werden die vorgeformten Bauteile beim indirekten Verfahren zum Zweck der Austenitisierung in der Regel auf Werkstückträgern während der Wärmebehandlung transportiert. Hierbei kommt es also regelmäßig zu keinem Kontakt zwischen dem beschichteten Stahlhalbzeug und den Förderelementen.Both AlSi and zinc-based semi-finished steel products are suitable for direct press hardening. In direct press hardening, a blank is punched out of a coil and fed to the heat treatment without pre-deformation. In contrast, in the so-called indirect method, a blank is punched out of a coil, then cold-worked and then the preformed component is also fed to the heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing. In the case of the direct method to be preferred due to its one-step nature, intensive contact between the surface of the board and the conveying elements of the device for heat treatment occurs during transport of the planar board. In contrast, the preformed components are usually transported on workpiece carriers during the heat treatment in the indirect process for the purpose of austenitizing. Thus, there is usually no contact between the coated semi-finished steel product and the conveying elements.

Werden nun im Zuge des direkten Verfahrens wechselweise Kampagnen mit AlSi-beschichteten Stahlhalbzeugen und auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Stahlhalbzeugen gefahren, kommt es zu Wechselwirkungen der AlSi-Anhaftungen an den Förderelementen mit der Zinkbasis-Beschichtung der entsprechend beschichteten Stahlhalbzeuge. Dabei bilden sich unter anderem niedrig schmelzende Phasen, z.B. Zink-Aluminium-Phasen, welche zu einer Rissbildung am Bauteil führen können. Auch lassen sich an der Oberfläche der austenitisierten Stahlhalbzeuge bei derartig wechselnden Kampagnen beispielsweise Zn-Al Partikel feststellen, die sowohl einen höheren Verschleiß des Presswerkzeugs zur Folge haben können und darüber hinaus die Oberflächenqualität und Lackanhaftung des Bauteils beeinflussen können.If alternating campaigns with AlSi-coated semi-finished steel products and zinc-based steel semi-finished products are now being carried out in the course of the direct process, interactions of the AlSi adhesions on the conveyor elements with the zinc-based coating of the corresponding coated semi-finished steel products occur. Among other things, low-melting phases, eg Zinc-aluminum phases, which can lead to cracking of the component. Zn-Al particles can also be detected on the surface of the austenitized steel semi-finished products in such changing campaigns, for example, which can both result in higher wear of the pressing tool and, moreover, can influence the surface quality and paint adhesion of the component.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt also die Aufgabe zu Grunde, das bekannte Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung beschichteter Stahlhalbzeuge derart auszugestalten und weiterzubilden, dass beim direkten Presshärten abwechselnd Kampagnen mit AlSi-beschichteten Stahlhalbzeugen, auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Stahlhalbzeugen und/oder mit für die Wärmeumformung weiteren geeigneten Beschichtungssystemen auf organischer oder anorganischer Basis gefahren werden können, ohne dass dies zu Beeinträchtigungen beim Presshärten führt und ohne dass die pressgehärteten Erzeugnisse beeinträchtigt sind.The present invention is therefore based on the object, the known method for heat treatment of coated semi-finished steel in such a way and further develop that during direct press hardening alternately campaigns with AlSi-coated steel semi-finished, zinc-based steel semi-finished products and / or further suitable for the heat transformation coating systems on organic or inorganic base, without this resulting in adverse effects on press hardening and without the press-hardened products are impaired.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die zuvor hergeleitete und aufgezeigte Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass zumindest ein Entkopplungsabschnitt des Durchlaufofens mindestens zwei Förderelementgruppen aufweist, jede Förderelementgruppe mindestens ein Förderelement aufweist und das Stahlhalbzeug im Entkopplungsabschnitt entweder auf den Förderelementen der ersten Förderelementgruppe oder den Förderelementen der zweiten Förderelementgruppe aufliegt, AlSi-beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge auf den Förderelementen der ersten Förderelementgruppe aufliegen und mit einem weiteren Beschichtungssystem auf organischer oder anorganischer Basis beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge, die für die Warmumformung geeignet sind, auf den Förderelementen der zweiten Förderelementgruppe aufliegen. Erfindungsgemäß ist also erkannt worden, dass die Tatsache, dass die beispielsweise AlSi-beschichteten Stahlhalbzeuge in dem Temperatur- und Zeitbereich, in dem die Beschichtung aufschmilzt und Ablagerungen auf den Förderelementen bildet, entkoppelt auf einer ersten Förderelementgruppe transportiert werden muss, die beim Transport von beispielsweise auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Stahlhalbzeugen durch eine zweite Förderelementgruppe ersetzt wird. Es werden auch weitere Beschichtungssyteme auf organischer oder anorganischer Basis verwendet die für die Warmumformung geeignet sind. Hierdurch wird gewährleistet, dass die beispielsweise auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Stahlhalbzeuge nicht mit den mit Anhaftungen der beispielsweise AlSi-Schmelze beaufschlagten Förderelementen in Kontakt kommen. Hierdurch wird die wechselseitige Verschmutzung der jeweiligen Beschichtungen mit beschichtungsfremdem Material wirkungsvoll vermieden. In dem Temperatur- und Zeitbereich, in dem die beispielsweise AlSi-Legierungen noch nicht aufgeschmolzen sind, ist eine derartige Entkopplung ebenso wenig notwendig, wie in dem Temperatur- und Zeitbereich, in dem die beispielsweise AlSi-Legierung soweit in das Material des Stahlhalbzeugs einlegiert worden ist, dass es zu keinen Anhaftungen der Beschichtung auf den Förderelementen mehr kommt.According to the invention, the previously derived and indicated object is achieved in that at least one decoupling section of the continuous furnace has at least two conveying element groups, each conveying element group has at least one conveying element and the semi-finished steel lies in the decoupling section either on the conveying elements of the first conveying element group or the conveying elements of the second conveying element group. coated steel semi-finished products rest on the conveying elements of the first conveyor element group and rest with a further coating system on organic or inorganic base coated semi-finished steel products that are suitable for hot forming on the conveying elements of the second conveyor element group. According to the invention, it has thus been recognized that the fact that, for example, AlSi-coated steel semi-finished products in the temperature and time range in which the coating melts and forms deposits on the conveyor elements must be transported decoupled on a first conveyor element group, which during transport of example Zinc-based steel semi-finished products is replaced by a second conveyor element group. Other organic or inorganic coating systems suitable for hot forming are also used. This ensures that the zinc-based coated steel semi-finished products, for example, with the Adhesions come, for example, acted upon AlSi melt conveyor elements in contact. As a result, the mutual contamination of the respective coatings with coating-foreign material is effectively avoided. In the temperature and time range in which, for example, AlSi alloys have not yet been melted, such decoupling is just as unnecessary as in the temperature and time range in which the AlSi alloy, for example, has been alloyed into the material of the steel semifinished product is that there is no longer any adhesion of the coating on the conveyor elements.

Durch die erfindungsgemäß gewährleistete Entkopplung des Transports der unterschiedlich beschichteten Stahlhalbzeuge im kritischen Temperatur-Zeitbereich wird eine weitgehend freie Temperaturführung innerhalb des Durchlaufofens gewährleistet, d.h. sowohl bei der Wärmebehandlung der beispielsweise AlSi-beschichteten als auch der beispielsweise auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Bauteile können die zur Austenitisierung optimalen Temperaturprofile in der Vorrichtung gefahren werden.The inventively ensured decoupling of the transport of differently coated semi-finished steel products in the critical temperature-time range, a largely free temperature control is ensured within the continuous furnace, i. Both in the heat treatment of the example AlSi-coated and the example of zinc-coated components, the optimal temperature for austenitizing temperature profiles can be driven in the device.

Dadurch, dass AlSi-beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge auf den Förderelementen der ersten Förderelementgruppe aufliegen und vorzugsweise mit auf Zinkbasis beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge auf den Förderelementen der zweiten Förderelementgruppe aufliegen, wird der wechselseitige Kontakt von Anhaftungen der jeweils anderen Beschichtung ausgeschlossen.The fact that AlSi-coated steel semi-finished products rest on the conveyor elements of the first conveyor element group and preferably rest with zinc-based steel semi-finished products on the conveyor elements of the second conveyor element group, the mutual contact of adhesions of the other coating is excluded.

Wie bereits im Bezug auf den Stand der Technik erwähnt, sind die Förderelemente gemäß einer ersten Alternative als Rollen ausgeführt. Diese Transportrollen sind weitgehend erprobt und zuverlässig.As already mentioned in relation to the prior art, the conveying elements are designed according to a first alternative as rollers. These transport rollers are largely proven and reliable.

Gemäß einer zweiten Alternative sind die Förderelemente als mit einer Transportkette verbundene Halbzeugträger ausgeführt. Diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht es bei einer Führung der Halbzeugträger durch einen Schlitz in der Ofenwand die beweglichen Teile, also im Wesentlichen die Transportkette, außerhalb des Hochtemperaturbereichs anzuordnen.According to a second alternative, the conveying elements are designed as a semifinished product carrier connected to a transport chain. This embodiment makes it possible in a guide of the semi-finished carrier by a slot in the Oven wall to arrange the moving parts, ie essentially the transport chain outside the high temperature range.

Dadurch, dass innerhalb des Durchlaufofens die erste Förderelementgruppe in einer ersten Ofenkammer des Entkopplungsabschnittes und die zweite Förderelementgruppe in einer zweiten Ofenkammer des Entkopplungsabschnittes angeordnet sind, wird gewährleistet, dass beispielsweise während des Betriebes der ersten Ofenkammer die zweite Ofenkammer einer Wartung, insbesondere einer Reinigung der Förderelemente unterzogen werden kann.The fact that within the continuous furnace, the first conveyor element group are arranged in a first furnace chamber of the decoupling section and the second conveyor element group in a second furnace chamber of the decoupling, it is ensured that, for example, during operation of the first furnace chamber, the second furnace chamber of a maintenance, in particular a cleaning of the conveying elements can be subjected.

Besonders unproblematisch lässt sich eine Entkopplung dadurch gewährleisten, dass in einer Ofenkammer des Entkopplungsabschnittes die erste Förderelementgruppe als ein erster Rollengang und die zweite Förderelementgruppe als ein zweiter Rollengang ausgeführt sind. Hierdurch wird eine sehr kompakte Anordnung der entkoppelten Förderelementgruppen gewährleistet.Decoupling can be ensured in a particularly unproblematic way by virtue of the fact that, in a furnace chamber of the decoupling section, the first conveyor element group is designed as a first roller conveyor and the second conveyor element group as a second roller conveyor. This ensures a very compact arrangement of the decoupled conveyor element groups.

Um die notwendige Anbindung des Entkopplungsabschnittes an die verbleibenden Abschnitte des Durchlaufofens zu gewährleisten, ist mindestens eine Ofenkammer des Durchlaufofens höhenverstellbar und/oder seitenverstellbar. Hierdurch werden jeweils beispielsweise die Rollengänge durch entsprechende Verstellung der Ofenkammer auf die weiteren Abschnitte des Durchlaufofens ausgerichtet.In order to ensure the necessary connection of the decoupling section to the remaining sections of the continuous furnace, at least one furnace chamber of the continuous furnace is height-adjustable and / or laterally adjustable. As a result, for example, the roller tracks are aligned by appropriate adjustment of the oven chamber to the other sections of the continuous furnace.

Alternativ oder kumulativ zur Höhen- und Seitenverstellbarkeit einer Ofenkammer des Durchlaufofens ist vor und/oder nach dem Entkopplungsabschnitt eine Ofenweiche angeordnet. Mit Hilfe dieser Ofenweiche kann eine unter Umständen aufwendige teilweise oder vollständige Verfahrung der Ofenkammer reduziert oder vermieden werden. Innerhalb einer solchen Ofenweiche sind die in einer Ofenkammer angeordneten Förderelemente z.B. höhenverstellbar oder seitlich verstellbar angeordnet.Alternatively or cumulatively to the height and lateral adjustability of a furnace chamber of the continuous furnace, a furnace switch is arranged before and / or after the decoupling section. With the help of this furnace turn a potentially complex partial or complete operation of the furnace chamber can be reduced or avoided. Within such a furnace switch the conveyor elements arranged in a furnace chamber are arranged, for example, height-adjustable or laterally adjustable.

Dadurch, dass die Förderelemente der ersten und der zweiten Förderelementgruppen relativ zueinander höhenverstellbar sind, kann die erfindungsgemäße Entkopplung ohne Höhenverstellbarkeit einer Ofenkammer oder den Einsatz einer Ofenweiche gewährleistet werden. Bei dieser relativen Höhenverstellbarkeit kann beispielsweise jede zweite Rolle in einem Rollengang oder jeder zweite mit einer Transportkette verbundene Halbzeugträger im Wechsel der Kampagnen innerhalb des Entkopplungsabschnittes abgesenkt werden. Diese Rollen kommen dann mit dem Stahlhalbzeug nicht in Berührung.The fact that the conveying elements of the first and second conveyor element groups are height-adjustable relative to each other, the decoupling according to the invention can be ensured without height adjustment of a furnace chamber or the use of a furnace switch. With this relative height adjustment, for example, every second roller in a roller conveyor or every second semi-carrier connected to a transport chain can be lowered in the change of the campaigns within the decoupling section. These rollers then come with the semi-finished steel not in touch.

Vorzugsweise ist das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren weiter dadurch ausgestaltet, dass der Durchlaufofen einen dem Entkopplungsabschnitt in Förderrichtung nachfolgenden Homogenisierungsabschnitt aufweist. Die Einlegierung der beispielsweise AlSi-Beschichtung in das Material des Stahlhalbzeugs führt dazu, dass jedenfalls der wesentliche Teil der Homogenisierung in einem Bereich stattfindet, in dem keine beispielsweise AlSi-Ablagerungen an den Förderelementen zu befürchten sind. Die gemeinsame Nutzung des Homogenisierungsabschnittes sowohl für Kampagnen mit beispielsweise AlSi-beschichteten Bauteilen als auch beispielsweise auf Zinkbasis beschichteten Bauteilen und/oder mit für die Warmumformung weiteren geeigneten Beschichtungssystemen auf organischer oder anorganischer Basis führt zu reduzierten Anlagenkosten.Preferably, the method according to the invention is further configured in that the continuous furnace has a homogenization section following the decoupling section in the conveying direction. The alloying of, for example, AlSi coating into the material of the steel semifinished product results in any case that the essential part of the homogenization takes place in a region in which, for example, AlSi deposits on the conveying elements are to be feared. The joint use of the homogenization section both for campaigns with, for example, AlSi-coated components and, for example, zinc-based coated components and / or further suitable for hot forming coating systems on an organic or inorganic basis leads to reduced system costs.

Eine möglichst zeitnahe Übergabe der austenitisierten Stahlhalbzeuge wird dadurch gewährleistet, dass ein Ausgangsbereich des Durchlaufofens einer Umformpresse zugeordnet ist. Bei der Übergabe der Stahlhalbzeuge an die Umformpresse ist es maßgeblich, dass die erwärmten Stahlhalbzeuge in einem definierten Zustand in die Presse gelangen und anschließend pressgehärtet werden. Dies wird durch eine unmittelbare Zuordnung des Ausgangsbereiches des Durchlaufofens an eine Umformpresse gewährleistet.A timely transfer of the austenitic steel semi-finished products is ensured by an exit area of the continuous furnace is assigned to a forming press. When transferring the semi-finished steel products to the forming press, it is crucial that the heated steel semi-finished products enter the press in a defined state and are subsequently press-hardened. This is ensured by a direct assignment of the output range of the continuous furnace to a forming press.

Es gibt nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten die erfindungsgemäße Lehre zur Verbesserung eines Verfahrens zur Wärmebehandlung beschichteter Stahlhalbzeuge auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Ausführungsbeispiele dieser Ausgestaltungen werden in Verbindung mit den nachfolgenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.There are now a variety of ways the teaching of the invention for improving a method for heat treatment of coated steel semi-finished products to design and develop. Embodiments of these embodiments will be described in more detail in connection with the following drawings.

In der Zeichnung zeigt

Fig. 1
eine Prinzipdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
Fig. 2
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Aufsicht und
Fig. 3
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht.
In the drawing shows
Fig. 1
a schematic diagram of a device according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in a plan view and
Fig. 3
A second embodiment of a device according to the invention in a side view.

Die Prinzipdarstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung beschichteter Stahlhalbzeuge 1 weist einen in Fig. 1 nur angedeuteten Durchlaufofen 2 auf. Hier dargestellt ist eine Fördereinrichtung 3 für die Stahlhalbzeuge 1, welche als Förderelemente Rollen 4 aufweist. Ersichtlich liegen die als Vorprodukte zum direkten Presshärten zu austenitisierenden, als Platinen ausgeführte Stahlhalbzeuge 1 im Durchlaufofen auf den Rollen 4 auf.The schematic diagram of a device for heat treatment of coated steel semi-finished products 1 has an in Fig. 1 only indicated continuous furnace 2 on. Shown here is a conveyor 3 for the semi-finished steel products 1, which has rollers 4 as conveying elements. As can be seen, the semi-finished steel products 1, which are austenitizing as direct products for direct press hardening and designed as blanks, rest on the rollers 4 in the continuous furnace.

Erfindungsgemäß weist ein Entkopplungsabschnitt 5 des Durchlaufofens 2 zwei Förderelementgruppen 6, 7 auf. Dabei weist jeder der Förderelementgruppen 6, 7 mehrere als Rollen 4 ausgebildete Förderelemente auf und das Stahlhalbzeug 1 liegt im Entkopplungsabschnitt 5 entweder auf den Förderelementen der ersten Förderelementgruppe 6 oder den Förderelementen der zweiten Förderelementgruppe 7 auf.According to the invention, a decoupling section 5 of the continuous furnace 2 has two conveyor element groups 6, 7. In this case, each of the conveyor element groups 6, 7 has a plurality of conveyor elements designed as rollers 4 and the semi-finished steel 1 is located in the decoupling section 5 either on the conveyor elements of the first conveyor element group 6 or the conveyor elements of the second conveyor element group 7.

In Fig. 1 wird schematisch dargestellt, dass der Entkopplungsabschnitt 5 in dem Temperatur-Zeitbereich angeordnet ist, in dem die beispielsweise AlSi-Beschichtung bereits verflüssigt (AlSilq) ist, d.h. sich nicht mehr im ursprünglich festen Zustand (AlSisol) befindet und auch noch nicht durch die hohen Temperaturen in den Werkstoff des Stahlhalbzeuges 1 einlegiert worden ist (AlSileg).In Fig. 1 schematically shows that the decoupling section 5 is arranged in the temperature-time range in which, for example, AlSi coating already liquefied (AlSi lq ), ie no longer in the original solid state (AlSi sol ) and has not yet been alloyed by the high temperatures in the material of the steel semi-finished product 1 (AlSi leg ).

Dadurch, dass AlSi-beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge 1, wie in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt, auf den Förderelementen der ersten Förderelementgruppe 6 aufliegen und mit beispielsweise auf Zinkbasis beschichtete Stahlhalbzeuge auf den Förderelementen der 2 Förderelementgruppe 7 aufliegen, wird eine wechselseitige Verunreinigung der Beschichtungen durch Anhaftungen an den als Rollen 4 ausgeführten Förderelementen innerhalb der Entkopplungszone 5 verhindert.Due to the fact that AlSi-coated semi-finished steel 1, as in Fig. 1 shown schematically, rest on the conveying elements of the first conveyor element group 6 and rest with, for example, zinc-based steel semi-finished products on the conveyor elements of the 2 conveyor element group 7, a mutual contamination of the coatings is prevented by adhering to the rolling elements 4 as conveying elements within the decoupling zone 5.

Bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung ist die erste Förderelementgruppe 6 in einer ersten Ofenkammer 8 des Entkopplungsabschnittes 5 und die zweite Förderelementgruppe 7 in einer zweiten Ofenkammer 9 des Entkopplungsabschnittes 5 angeordnet.At the in Fig. 2 1, the first conveying element group 6 is arranged in a first furnace chamber 8 of the decoupling section 5 and the second conveying element group 7 is arranged in a second furnace chamber 9 of the decoupling section 5.

Demgegenüber ist bei dem in der Fig. 3 dargestellten zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung in einer Ofenkammer 10 des Entkopplungsabschnittes 5 die erste Förderelementgruppe 6 und die zweite Förderelementgruppe 7 jeweils als übereinanderliegende Rollgänge ausgeführt.In contrast, in the in the Fig. 3 illustrated second embodiment of a device in a furnace chamber 10 of the decoupling section 5, the first conveyor element group 6 and the second conveyor element group 7 each designed as superimposed roller tables.

Zur Ankopplung des Entkopplungsabschnittes 5 ist bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Ofenkammer 10 seitenverstellbar ausgeführt und bildet so eine sogenannte Ofenfähre. Aus der Ofenkammer 10 werden die Stahlhalbzeuge 1 an einen Homogenisierungsabschnitt 11 übergeben, dessen Ausgangsbereich eine ebenfalls schematisch dargestellte Umformpresse 12 zugeordnet ist.For coupling the decoupling section 5 is in the in Fig. 2 illustrated first embodiment, a furnace chamber 10 side adjustable and thus forms a so-called Ofenfähre. From the furnace chamber 10, the semifinished steel products 1 are transferred to a homogenization section 11, the output region of which is assigned a forming press 12, which is likewise shown schematically.

Bei dem in Fig. 3 in einer Seitenansicht dargestellten zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die im Entkopplungsabschnitt 5 vorgesehene Ofenkammer 10 höhenverstellbar, wodurch die Übergabe der Stahlhalbzeuge 1 ohne separate Ofenweiche gewährleistet wird.At the in Fig. 3 in a side view illustrated second embodiment of a device according to the invention provided in the decoupling section 5 furnace chamber 10 is adjustable in height, whereby the transfer of the steel semi-finished products 1 is guaranteed without separate furnace switch.

Bei dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist in der Umformpresse 12 das pressgehärtete Werkstück 13 dargestellt.At the in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment, the press-hardened workpiece 13 is shown in the forming press 12.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for the heat treatment of coated semi-finished steel products, comprising at least one heatable continuous furnace (2) with at least one conveyer device (3) for the semi-finished steel products (1), wherein the conveyer device (3) has conveyer elements (4) and the semi-finished steel products (1) rest on the conveyer elements (4) in the continuous furnace (2), wherein at least one decoupling portion (5) of the continuous furnace (2) has at least two conveyer element groups (6, 7), each conveyer element group (6, 7) has at least one conveyer element (4), and, in the decoupling portion (5), the semi-finished steel product (1) rests either on the conveyer elements (4) of the conveyer element group (6) or on the conveyer elements (4) of the second conveyer element group (7), Characterized in that AlSi-coated semi-finished steel products (1) rest on the conveyer elements (4) of the first conveyer element group (6) and semi-finished steel products (1) coated with a further coating system on an organic or inorganic basis and which are suitable for the heat forming rest on the conveyer elements (4) of the second conveyer element group (7).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that semi-finished steel products (1) with a zinc-based coating rest on the conveyer elements (4) of the second conveyer element group (7).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conveyer elements are designed as rollers (4).
  4. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conveyer elements are designed as semi-finished-product carriers connected to a transport chain.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first conveyer element group (6) is arranged in a first furnace chamber (8) of the decoupling portion (5) and the second conveyer element group (7) is arranged in a second furnace chamber (9) of the decoupling portion.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, in a furnace chamber of the decoupling portion (5), the first conveyer element group (6) is designed as a first roller conveyer and the second conveyer element group (7) is designed as a second roller conveyer.
  7. Method according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least one furnace chamber (10) of the continuous furnace is height-adjustable and/or laterally adjustable.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a furnace switch is arranged upstream and/or downstream of the decoupling portion (5).
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the conveyer elements of the first and the second conveyer element groups (6, 7) are height-adjustable relative to one another.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the continuous furnace (2) has a homogenizing portion (11) following the decoupling portion (5) in the conveying direction.
  11. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an initial region of the continuous furnace (2) is assigned to a forming press (12).
EP14741577.2A 2013-07-22 2014-07-16 Method for the heat treatment of coated semifinished steel products Not-in-force EP3025107B1 (en)

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PL3025107T3 (en) 2017-11-30
US10041733B2 (en) 2018-08-07
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ES2640390T3 (en) 2017-11-02
MX2016000401A (en) 2016-04-20

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