EP3025049B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3025049B1
EP3025049B1 EP14748145.1A EP14748145A EP3025049B1 EP 3025049 B1 EP3025049 B1 EP 3025049B1 EP 14748145 A EP14748145 A EP 14748145A EP 3025049 B1 EP3025049 B1 EP 3025049B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
control chamber
pressure
injector
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14748145.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3025049A1 (en
Inventor
Thierry Thibault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi International Operations Luxembourg SARL
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Delphi International Operations Luxembourg SARL
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Priority to EP14748145.1A priority Critical patent/EP3025049B1/en
Publication of EP3025049A1 publication Critical patent/EP3025049A1/en
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Publication of EP3025049B1 publication Critical patent/EP3025049B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/304—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using hydraulic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/008—Means for influencing the flow rate out of or into a control chamber, e.g. depending on the position of the needle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel injector for vehicle engines. It deals particularly with the control system of the injector.
  • the fuel injectors are provided with a needle moving in a tubular body.
  • the movements of the needle are a function of a pressure difference between an upstream control chamber and the downstream nozzle.
  • the fuel flows into the body from an inlet mouth to the injection nozzle.
  • the fuel passes in particular by a restriction which creates a pressure drop so that the fuel injected by the nozzle is less than that arriving at the inlet mouth.
  • the difference is of the order of 200 bars.
  • the present invention aims to solve these problems by providing a pressurized fuel injector comprising a tubular body extending along a longitudinal axis and forming at one end a nozzle.
  • the fuel circulates in the body between an inlet mouth and the nozzle and also comprising a needle arranged axially in the body and able to move between an open nozzle position and a closed nozzle position, the fuel flowing in the space between needle and the inner side of the body.
  • the needle is controlled according to a pressure difference between a first control chamber into which the upstream end of the needle opens and the nozzle downstream, the pressure in the first control chamber being regulated by a control valve.
  • the injector is further provided with a complementary means for controlling the needle cooperating with the first control chamber so that the fuel pressure at the inlet mouth is integrally transmitted to the nozzle. 'injection.
  • the complementary control means comprises a second control chamber arranged in the needle and connected to said space by a calibrated orifice.
  • the needle is provided with an axial blind bore opening into the upstream end of the needle, the bore forming the second control chamber.
  • the additional control means further comprises a shutter member secured to the body and arranged to close the upstream portion of the second control chamber.
  • the shutter member is a cylindrical piston whose section is slidably adjusted to that of the bore of the needle, the cylindrical piston being in abutment against a wall of the first control chamber.
  • the complementary control means further comprises a filling channel of the second control chamber and another passive valve opening or closing said filling channel.
  • an injector characterized in that the setting of the spring is low enough to allow sealing of the ball on its seat.
  • An internal combustion engine (not shown) comprises an injection system provided with one or more injectors 10 which extends along a longitudinal axis Z.
  • the injector is provided with a tubular body 12 defining an interior space E in which circulates fuel C pressurized between an inlet mouth 14 upstream and an injection nozzle 16 forming the downstream tip of the body 12.
  • a needle 18 slidable between an open nozzle position PO, needle “up” in the direction of the figure, and a closed nozzle position PF needle down ".
  • the needle 18 extends from an upstream end 20 opening into a control chamber 22 to a downstream end 24 in the nozzle 16.
  • the control chamber 22 is made in a thick plate 26 integral with the body 12, the fuel arriving by a first channel 28 and starting with a control channel 30 whose opening and closing are controlled by a control valve 32 controlled by an electromagnet 34.
  • the needle 18 is provided with an axial blind bore 36 opening only through the upstream end 20 of the needle 18.
  • a calibrated orifice 38 of small section At the bottom of the bore 36 extends radially a calibrated orifice 38 of small section.
  • the orifice 38 passes through the needle 18 from the bore 36 until it opens into the space E.
  • the bore 36 is also in fluid communication with the space E by means of a filling channel 40.
  • the channel 40 of large section extends from the bottom 42 of the bore 36 to the wall of the outside of the needle.
  • the channel 40 comprises an axial portion connected to the center of a radial passage opening on either side of the needle.
  • Other embodiments are of course possible, for example in a single section at an angle.
  • a piston 44 which has the shape of a cylinder of revolution whose upper end 46 is in abutment against the transverse wall 48 of the thick plate 26, forming an imaged manner like this is visible on the figure 1 the "ceiling" of the control chamber 22.
  • the piston 44 extends into the bore 36 to a lower end 50 remote from the bottom 42 of the bore 36.
  • the bore space below piston 44 forms a second control chamber 52 into which open the calibrated orifice 38 and the filling channel 40.
  • a passive valve 54 comprising a ball 56 permanently biased by a spring 58 against a seat 60 formed at the bottom of the bore 42 and circumnavigating the arrival of the filling channel 40.
  • the spring 58 is compressed between the ball 56 and the lower end 50 of the piston 44.
  • Many passive valve construction alternatives exist in particular by replacing the ball by another shutter member such as a flat tip attached to the end of the spring.
  • the geometry of the valve seat is then chosen complementary to that of the shutter member.
  • the injector 10 of the figure 1 is shown in the open nozzle PO position, the needle being at the top, the fuel C leaving the nozzle 16 at the same pressure as that arriving at the inlet mouth, and therefore without loss of pressure in the route inside of the injector 10.
  • the control valve 32 is activated and the control channel 30 is open allowing the fuel to escape, the pressure in the control chamber having fallen sharply so that the pressure in the nozzle 16 prevails.
  • the fuel pressure at the nozzle exerts on the needle an axial F1 force directed upwards so that the needle 18 is held "up”.
  • the piston 44 bears against the ceiling of the control chamber 22, the volume of the second control chamber 52 is thus minimized.
  • the ball 56 biased by the spring 58 closes the filling channel 40.
  • the transient phase from the open nozzle position to the closed nozzle position is now described. From the open nozzle position, the control valve 32 is activated to close the control channel 30. From this moment, the pressurized fuel C enters the first channel 28 into the control chamber 22, now called the first chamber 22 and in the second control by the calibrated orifice 38 and by the filling channel 40. The pressure in the chamber 22 increases sharply until reaching the input pressure value 14. The pressurized fuel in the first control chamber 22 and the second control chamber 52 exert a force on the axial end of the needle facing the nozzle. The pressure in the second control chamber 52 is equal to the pressure at the inlet of the injector.
  • This force F2 initiates the movement of the needle 18 because the pressure is exerted on the upstream of the needle, to which is added the force F3 exerted in the second chamber 52 facing downwards.
  • the sum of the two forces F2 and F3 comes to oppose the force F1 which is exerted on the downstream end of the needle and directed upwards.
  • the sum of the forces F2 and F3 are greater than the force F1 and thus the needle goes down.
  • the volume of the second control chamber increases there creating a pressure drop,
  • the ball 56 moves away from the seat 60 so that the fuel C pressurized easily enters the second control chamber through the filling channel 40 now open.
  • the movement of the needle 18 downwards is accelerated until the needle 18 is in abutment in the closed nozzle position PF.
  • the closed nozzle position PF is now described.
  • the control channel is always closed and the pressure in the first control chamber is at the inlet pressure.
  • the piston 44 is still resting against the ceiling of the first control chamber 22 and the needle is down in the closed nozzle position and the volume of the second control chamber 52 is now maximized.
  • the ball 56 has moved back against the seat 60, closing the filling channel 40.
  • the pressure in the second control chamber 52 is then identical to the inlet pressure.
  • the transient phase from the closed nozzle position to the open nozzle position is now described. From the closed nozzle position PF, the control valve 32 is activated to open the control channel 30. The fuel C that can escape from the first control chamber 22 is thereby decreasing the pressure. The needle 18 is subject only to the axial force F1 directed upwards and due to the pressure of the fuel at the nozzle 16, this force F1 largely prevails over a small force F3 opposite exerted by the fuel prisoner in the second control chamber 52 and now the ball against the seat and the needle 18 moves upwards. In this movement the volume of the second chamber 52 decreases and the fuel C escapes through the calibrated orifice 38.
  • the output of the fuel is limited by the small section of the calibrated orifice 38, thereby limiting the speed of ascent of the needle18.
  • the needle moving to the up position as previously described.
  • the role of the calibrated orifice 38 therefore clearly appears as a retarder of the rise of the needle.
  • an alternative construction could replace the calibrated orifice 38 with any other valve solution.
  • the piston 44 is in permanent contact with the thick plate 26 and could be fixed or integrated therewith.
  • a piston attached to the plate would create a hyperstatic axial guidance of the needle already guided in the body at the bottom. It is therefore interesting to keep the piston a degree of transverse freedom.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

La présente invention concerne un injecteur de carburant pour moteurs de véhicule. Il traite particulièrement du système de pilotage de l'injecteur.The present invention relates to a fuel injector for vehicle engines. It deals particularly with the control system of the injector.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Les injecteurs de carburant sont pourvus d'une aiguille se déplaçant dans un corps tubulaire. Les déplacements de l'aiguille sont fonction d'une différence de pression entre une chambre de commande en amont et la buse en aval. Le carburant s'écoule dans le corps depuis une bouche d'entrée jusqu'à la buse d'injection. Le carburant passe notamment par une restriction qui crée une chute de pression de sorte que le carburant injecté par la buse est inférieur à celui arrivant à la bouche d'entrée. La différence est de l'ordre de 200 bars. On connait de la demande EP 12152743 déposée le 26/01/2012, ainsi que de la demande EP 1335125 A .The fuel injectors are provided with a needle moving in a tubular body. The movements of the needle are a function of a pressure difference between an upstream control chamber and the downstream nozzle. The fuel flows into the body from an inlet mouth to the injection nozzle. The fuel passes in particular by a restriction which creates a pressure drop so that the fuel injected by the nozzle is less than that arriving at the inlet mouth. The difference is of the order of 200 bars. We know the demand EP 12152743 filed on 26/01/2012, as well as the request EP 1335125 A .

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention vise à résoudre ces problèmes en proposant un injecteur de carburant pressurisé comprenant un corps tubulaire s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal et formant à une extrémité une buse. Le carburant circule dans le corps entre une bouche d'entrée et la buse et comprenant également une aiguille agencée axialement dans le corps et pouvant se déplacer entre une position buse ouverte et une position buse fermée, le carburant circulant dans l'espace compris entre l'aiguille et la face intérieure du corps. L'aiguille est pilotée selon une différence de pression entre une première chambre de contrôle, dans laquelle débouche l'extrémité amont de l'aiguille et la buse située en aval, la pression dans la première chambre de contrôle étant régulée par une vanne de contrôle pilotée par un électroaimant, L'injecteur est de plus pourvu d'un moyen complémentaire de pilotage de l'aiguille coopérant avec la première chambre de contrôle de sorte que la pression du carburant à la bouche d'entrée est intégralement transmise à la buse d'injection.The present invention aims to solve these problems by providing a pressurized fuel injector comprising a tubular body extending along a longitudinal axis and forming at one end a nozzle. The fuel circulates in the body between an inlet mouth and the nozzle and also comprising a needle arranged axially in the body and able to move between an open nozzle position and a closed nozzle position, the fuel flowing in the space between needle and the inner side of the body. The needle is controlled according to a pressure difference between a first control chamber into which the upstream end of the needle opens and the nozzle downstream, the pressure in the first control chamber being regulated by a control valve. driven by an electromagnet, the injector is further provided with a complementary means for controlling the needle cooperating with the first control chamber so that the fuel pressure at the inlet mouth is integrally transmitted to the nozzle. 'injection.

Le moyen complémentaire de contrôle comprend une seconde chambre de contrôle agencée dans l'aiguille et reliée audit espace par un orifice calibré. De plus l'aiguille est pourvue d'un alésage borgne axial débouchant dans l'extrémité amont de l'aiguille, l'alésage formant la seconde chambre de contrôle.The complementary control means comprises a second control chamber arranged in the needle and connected to said space by a calibrated orifice. Of more the needle is provided with an axial blind bore opening into the upstream end of the needle, the bore forming the second control chamber.

En outre, Le moyen complémentaire de contrôle comprend de plus un membre obturateur solidaire du corps et agencé de sorte à obturer la partie amont de la seconde chambre de contrôle.In addition, the additional control means further comprises a shutter member secured to the body and arranged to close the upstream portion of the second control chamber.

Egalement le membre obturateur est un piston cylindrique dont la section est ajustée glissante à celle de l'alésage de l'aiguille, le piston cylindrique étant en appui contre une paroi de la première chambre de contrôle.Also the shutter member is a cylindrical piston whose section is slidably adjusted to that of the bore of the needle, the cylindrical piston being in abutment against a wall of the first control chamber.

De plus le moyen complémentaire de contrôle comprend de plus un canal de remplissage de la seconde chambre de contrôle et une autre vanne passive ouvrant ou fermant ledit canal de remplissage.In addition, the complementary control means further comprises a filling channel of the second control chamber and another passive valve opening or closing said filling channel.

En outre, ladite autre vanne passive comprend un membre élastique sollicitant en permanence un membre obturateur contre un siège circonvenant l'ouverture du canal de remplissage dans la seconde chambre de contrôle. Par ailleurs, le procédé d'injection de carburant pressurisé comprend les étapes de:

  • pourvoir un injecteur et activer la vanne de contrôle de sorte que la pression dans la première chambre de contrôle évolue afin de déplacer l'aiguille,
  • activer le moyen complémentaire de pilotage contribuant au déplacement de l'aiguille, la pression au niveau de la buse étant identique à la pression à la bouche d'entrée.
In addition, said other passive valve comprises an elastic member continuously urging a shutter member against a seat circumventing the opening of the filling channel in the second control chamber. Moreover, the process for injecting pressurized fuel comprises the steps of:
  • providing an injector and activating the control valve so that the pressure in the first control chamber changes to move the needle,
  • activate the additional control means contributing to the movement of the needle, the pressure at the nozzle being identical to the pressure at the inlet mouth.

De plus le déplacement de l'aiguille se fait vers la position buse fermée de l'injecteur, l'étape d'activer comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • fermer la vanne de contrôle et remplir la première chambre de contrôle et la seconde chambre de contrôle, le carburant s'écoulant rapidement par l'orifice le canal de remplissage et déplaçant ladite autre vanne de contrôle, de sorte que la pression dans la seconde chambre de contrôle soit identique à la pression à la bouche d'entrée et que le piston cylindrique demeure en appui contre une paroi de la première chambre de contrôle , l'aiguille étant en position buse fermée le plus rapidement possible.
In addition the movement of the needle is towards the closed nozzle position of the injector, the step of activating comprises the following steps:
  • closing the control valve and filling the first control chamber and the second control chamber, the fuel flowing rapidly through the orifice the filling channel and moving said other control valve, so that the pressure in the second chamber control is identical to the pressure at the inlet mouth and the cylindrical piston remains in abutment against a wall of the first control chamber, the needle being in the closed nozzle position as quickly as possible.

En outre le procédé, dans lequel le déplacement de l'aiguille se fait vers la position buse ouverte, l'injecteur l'étape d'activer comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • ouvrir la vanne de contrôle, la dépression créée amorçant le déplacement de l'aiguille, le carburant prisonnier de la seconde chambre de contrôle, s'échappant par l'orifice calibrée de sorte que la vitesse d'ouverture de la buse en est contrôlée, la pression du carburant injectée par la buse, étant égale à la pression à la bouche d'entrée.
In addition the method, in which the movement of the needle is towards the open nozzle position, the injector the activating step comprising the following steps:
  • opening the control valve, the depression created initiating the movement of the needle, the fuel trapped in the second control chamber, escaping through the calibrated orifice so that the opening speed of the nozzle is controlled, the pressure of the fuel injected by the nozzle, being equal to the pressure at the inlet mouth.

En outre, un injecteur, caractérise en ce que le tarage du ressort est suffisamment faible pour permettre l'étanchéité de la bille sur son siège.In addition, an injector, characterized in that the setting of the spring is low enough to allow sealing of the ball on its seat.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DU DESSINBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, et en regard de la figure 1 annexé, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représentant un schéma en coupe axial d'un injecteur selon l'invention.Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, and with regard to the figure 1 attached, given by way of non-limiting example and showing a diagram in axial section of an injector according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION DES MODES DE REALISATION PREFERESDESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Un mode de réalisation d'un injecteur est maintenant décrit en référence à la figure 1.An embodiment of an injector is now described with reference to the figure 1 .

Dans un but de clarté et de concision de la description une orientation de haut en bas selon le sens de la figure sera utilisé sans aucune intention limitative quant à l'étendue de la protection, notamment au regard des différentes installations d'un injecteur dans un véhicule. Des mots tels que « haut, bas, en dessous, en dessus, vertical, monter, descendre ... » seront utilisés sans intention limitative.For the sake of clarity and brevity of the description, an orientation from top to bottom according to the direction of the figure will be used without any limiting intention as to the extent of the protection, especially with regard to the different installations of an injector in a vehicle. Words such as "up, down, below, above, vertical, up, down ..." will be used without limiting intent.

Un moteur à combustion interne (non représenté) comprend un système d'injection pourvu d'un ou plusieurs injecteurs 10 qui s'étend selon un axe longitudinal Z. l'injecteur est pourvu d'un corps tubulaire 12 définissant un espace intérieur E dans lequel circule du carburant C pressurisé entre une bouche d'entrée 14 amont et une buse d'injection 16 formant la pointe avale du corps 12.An internal combustion engine (not shown) comprises an injection system provided with one or more injectors 10 which extends along a longitudinal axis Z. The injector is provided with a tubular body 12 defining an interior space E in which circulates fuel C pressurized between an inlet mouth 14 upstream and an injection nozzle 16 forming the downstream tip of the body 12.

Dans le corps 12 est longitudinalement Z agencée une aiguille 18 pouvant coulisser entre une position buse ouverte PO, aiguille en « haut » dans le sens de la figure, et une position buse fermée PF, aiguille en « bas ».In the body 12 is longitudinally Z arranged a needle 18 slidable between an open nozzle position PO, needle "up" in the direction of the figure, and a closed nozzle position PF needle down ".

L'aiguille 18 s'étend depuis une extrémité amont 20 débouchant dans une chambre de contrôle 22 jusqu' à une extrémité avale 24 dans la buse 16. La chambre de contrôle 22 est réalisée dans une plaque épaisse 26 solidaire du corps 12, le carburant y arrivant par un premier canal 28 et en partant par un canal de contrôle 30 dont l'ouverture et la fermeture sont commandées par une vanne de contrôle 32 pilotée par un électroaimant 34.The needle 18 extends from an upstream end 20 opening into a control chamber 22 to a downstream end 24 in the nozzle 16. The control chamber 22 is made in a thick plate 26 integral with the body 12, the fuel arriving by a first channel 28 and starting with a control channel 30 whose opening and closing are controlled by a control valve 32 controlled by an electromagnet 34.

L'aiguille 18 est pourvue d'un alésage 36 borgne axial ne débouchant que par l'extrémité amont 20 de l'aiguille 18. En bas de l'alésage 36 s'étend radialement un orifice calibré 38 de faible section. L'orifice 38 traverse l'aiguille 18 depuis l'alésage 36 jusqu'à déboucher dans l'espace E. L'alésage 36 est également en communication de fluide avec l'espace E au moyen d'un canal de remplissage 40 de l'alésage 36. Le canal 40 de forte section s'étend du fond 42 de l'alésage 36 à la paroi de l'extérieur de l'aiguille. Tels qu'observable sur la figure, le canal 40 comprend une partie axiale connectée au centre d'un passage radiale débouchant de part et d'autre de l'aiguille. D'autres modes de réalisation sont bien sur possible, par exemple en un seul tronçon en biais.The needle 18 is provided with an axial blind bore 36 opening only through the upstream end 20 of the needle 18. At the bottom of the bore 36 extends radially a calibrated orifice 38 of small section. The orifice 38 passes through the needle 18 from the bore 36 until it opens into the space E. The bore 36 is also in fluid communication with the space E by means of a filling channel 40. Bore 36. The channel 40 of large section extends from the bottom 42 of the bore 36 to the wall of the outside of the needle. As seen in the figure, the channel 40 comprises an axial portion connected to the center of a radial passage opening on either side of the needle. Other embodiments are of course possible, for example in a single section at an angle.

Dans l'alésage 36 est axialement Z agencé et ajusté un piston 44 qui a la forme d'un cylindre de révolution dont l'extrémité supérieure 46 est en appui contre la paroi transversale 48 de la plaque épaisse 26, formant de manière imagée comme cela est visible sur la figure 1, le « plafond » de la chambre de contrôle 22. Le piston 44 s'étend dans l'alésage 36 jusqu'à une extrémité inférieure 50 distante du fond 42 de l'alésage 36. L'espace de l'alésage situé en dessous du piston 44 forme une seconde chambre de contrôle 52 dans laquelle débouchent l'orifice calibré 38 et le canal de remplissage 40.In the bore 36 is axially Z arranged and adjusted a piston 44 which has the shape of a cylinder of revolution whose upper end 46 is in abutment against the transverse wall 48 of the thick plate 26, forming an imaged manner like this is visible on the figure 1 the "ceiling" of the control chamber 22. The piston 44 extends into the bore 36 to a lower end 50 remote from the bottom 42 of the bore 36. The bore space below piston 44 forms a second control chamber 52 into which open the calibrated orifice 38 and the filling channel 40.

Dans la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 est agencé une vanne passive 54 comprenant une bille 56 sollicitée en permanence par un ressort 58 contre un siège 60 formé au fond de l'alésage 42 et circonvenant l'arrivée du canal de remplissage 40. Le ressort 58 est comprimé entre la bille 56 et l'extrémité inférieure 50 du piston 44. De nombreuses alternatives de construction de vannes passives existent notamment en remplaçant la bille par un autre membre obturateur tel un embout plat fixé au bout du ressort. La géométrie du siège de vanne est alors choisie complémentaire de celle du membre obturateur.In the second control chamber 52 is arranged a passive valve 54 comprising a ball 56 permanently biased by a spring 58 against a seat 60 formed at the bottom of the bore 42 and circumnavigating the arrival of the filling channel 40. The spring 58 is compressed between the ball 56 and the lower end 50 of the piston 44. Many passive valve construction alternatives exist in particular by replacing the ball by another shutter member such as a flat tip attached to the end of the spring. The geometry of the valve seat is then chosen complementary to that of the shutter member.

Le fonctionnement de l'injecteur est maintenant décrit. L'injecteur 10 de la figure 1 est représenté en position buse ouverte PO, l'aiguille étant en haut, le carburant C sortant de la buse 16 à la même pression que celle arrivant à la bouche d'entrée, et donc sans perte de pression dans le parcours à l'intérieur de l'injecteur 10. La vanne de contrôle 32 est activée et le canal de contrôle 30 est ouvert laissant sortir le carburant, la pression dans la chambre de contrôle ayant fortement baissé de sorte que la pression dans la buse 16 prévaut. La pression du carburant au niveau de la buse exerce sur l'aiguille une force F1 axiale dirigé vers le haut de sorte que l'aiguille 18 est maintenue en « haut ». Le piston 44 est en appui contre le plafond de la chambre de contrôle 22, le volume de la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 est donc minimisé. La bille 56 sollicitée par le ressort 58 obture le canal de remplissage 40.The operation of the injector is now described. The injector 10 of the figure 1 is shown in the open nozzle PO position, the needle being at the top, the fuel C leaving the nozzle 16 at the same pressure as that arriving at the inlet mouth, and therefore without loss of pressure in the route inside of the injector 10. The control valve 32 is activated and the control channel 30 is open allowing the fuel to escape, the pressure in the control chamber having fallen sharply so that the pressure in the nozzle 16 prevails. The fuel pressure at the nozzle exerts on the needle an axial F1 force directed upwards so that the needle 18 is held "up". The piston 44 bears against the ceiling of the control chamber 22, the volume of the second control chamber 52 is thus minimized. The ball 56 biased by the spring 58 closes the filling channel 40.

La phase transitoire de la position buse ouverte vers la position buse fermée est maintenant décrite. A partir de la position buse ouverte, la vanne de contrôle 32 est activée pour fermer le canal de contrôle 30. A partir de ce moment, le carburant C pressurisé entre par le premier canal 28 dans la chambre de contrôle 22, maintenant dénommé première chambre de contrôle 22 et dans la seconde de contrôle par l'orifice calibré 38 et par le canal de remplissage 40. La pression dans la chambre 22 augmente fortement jusqu'à atteindre la valeur de pression d'entrée 14. Le carburant pressurisé dans la première chambre de contrôle 22 et la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 exercent une force sur l'extrémité 20 axiale de l'aiguille orientée vers la buse. La pression dans la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 est égale à la pression à l'entrée de l'injecteur. Cette force F2 amorce le déplacement de l'aiguille 18 car la pression s'exerce sur l'amont de l'aiguille, à cela s'ajoute la force F3 exercée dans la seconde chambre 52 orientée vers le bas. La somme des deux forces F2 et F3 vient s'opposer à la force F1 qui s'exerce sur l'extrémité avale de l'aiguille et orientée vers le haut. La somme des forces F2 et F3 sont supérieures à la force F1 et donc l'aiguille descend. Dans ce déplacement vers le bas de l'aiguille 18, le volume de la seconde chambre de contrôle augmente y créant une chute de pression, Afin d'éviter ce phénomène, la bille 56 s'éloigne du siège 60 de sorte que le carburant C pressurisé entre facilement dans la seconde chambre de contrôle par le canal de remplissage 40 maintenant ouvert. Le déplacement de l'aiguille 18 vers le bas en est accéléré jusqu'à ce que l'aiguille 18 soit en butée en position buse fermée PF.The transient phase from the open nozzle position to the closed nozzle position is now described. From the open nozzle position, the control valve 32 is activated to close the control channel 30. From this moment, the pressurized fuel C enters the first channel 28 into the control chamber 22, now called the first chamber 22 and in the second control by the calibrated orifice 38 and by the filling channel 40. The pressure in the chamber 22 increases sharply until reaching the input pressure value 14. The pressurized fuel in the first control chamber 22 and the second control chamber 52 exert a force on the axial end of the needle facing the nozzle. The pressure in the second control chamber 52 is equal to the pressure at the inlet of the injector. This force F2 initiates the movement of the needle 18 because the pressure is exerted on the upstream of the needle, to which is added the force F3 exerted in the second chamber 52 facing downwards. The sum of the two forces F2 and F3 comes to oppose the force F1 which is exerted on the downstream end of the needle and directed upwards. The sum of the forces F2 and F3 are greater than the force F1 and thus the needle goes down. In this downward movement of the needle 18, the volume of the second control chamber increases there creating a pressure drop, In order to avoid this phenomenon, the ball 56 moves away from the seat 60 so that the fuel C pressurized easily enters the second control chamber through the filling channel 40 now open. The movement of the needle 18 downwards is accelerated until the needle 18 is in abutment in the closed nozzle position PF.

La position buse fermée PF est maintenant décrite. Le canal de contrôle est toujours fermé et la pression dans la première chambre de contrôle est à la pression d'entrée. Le piston 44 est toujours en appui contre le plafond de la première chambre de contrôle 22 et l'aiguille est en bas en position buse fermée ainsi le volume de la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 est maintenant maximisé. La bille 56 s'est replacée contre le siège 60, fermant le canal de remplissage 40. La pression dans la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 est alors identique à la pression d'entrée.The closed nozzle position PF is now described. The control channel is always closed and the pressure in the first control chamber is at the inlet pressure. The piston 44 is still resting against the ceiling of the first control chamber 22 and the needle is down in the closed nozzle position and the volume of the second control chamber 52 is now maximized. The ball 56 has moved back against the seat 60, closing the filling channel 40. The pressure in the second control chamber 52 is then identical to the inlet pressure.

La phase transitoire de la position buse fermée vers la position buse ouverte est maintenant décrite. A partir de la position buse fermée PF, la vanne de contrôle 32 est activée pour ouvrir le canal de contrôle 30. Le carburant C pouvant s'échapper de la première chambre de contrôle 22 est par là même y diminuant la pression. L'aiguille 18 n'est plus soumise qu'à la force axiale F1 dirigée vers le haut et du à la pression du carburant au niveau de la buse 16, cette force F1 prévaut largement sur une petite force F3 contraire exercée par le carburant prisonnier dans la seconde chambre de contrôle 52 et maintenant la bille contre le siège ainsi l'aiguille 18 se déplace vers le haut. Dans ce mouvement le volume de la seconde chambre 52 diminue et le carburant C s'en échappe par l'orifice calibré 38. Le débit de sortie du carburant est limité par la faible section de l'orifice calibré 38, limitant par la même la vitesse de remontée de l'aiguille18. L'aiguille se déplaçant jusqu'à être en position haute comme précédemment décrite. Le rôle de l'orifice calibré 38 apparait donc clairement comme un ralentisseur de la remontée de l'aiguille. Dans ce rôle une construction alternative pourrait remplacer l'orifice calibré 38 par toute autre solution de vanne. Il apparait également que le piston 44 est en contact permanent avec la plaque épaisse 26 et pourrait être fixé voire intégré à celle-ci. Cependant tel qu'observable sur la figure, un piston fixé à la plaque créerait un guidage axiale hyperstatique de l'aiguille déjà guidée dans le corps en partie basse. Il reste donc intéressant de conserver au piston un degré de liberté transversal.The transient phase from the closed nozzle position to the open nozzle position is now described. From the closed nozzle position PF, the control valve 32 is activated to open the control channel 30. The fuel C that can escape from the first control chamber 22 is thereby decreasing the pressure. The needle 18 is subject only to the axial force F1 directed upwards and due to the pressure of the fuel at the nozzle 16, this force F1 largely prevails over a small force F3 opposite exerted by the fuel prisoner in the second control chamber 52 and now the ball against the seat and the needle 18 moves upwards. In this movement the volume of the second chamber 52 decreases and the fuel C escapes through the calibrated orifice 38. The output of the fuel is limited by the small section of the calibrated orifice 38, thereby limiting the speed of ascent of the needle18. The needle moving to the up position as previously described. The role of the calibrated orifice 38 therefore clearly appears as a retarder of the rise of the needle. In this role an alternative construction could replace the calibrated orifice 38 with any other valve solution. It also appears that the piston 44 is in permanent contact with the thick plate 26 and could be fixed or integrated therewith. However, as observed in the figure, a piston attached to the plate would create a hyperstatic axial guidance of the needle already guided in the body at the bottom. It is therefore interesting to keep the piston a degree of transverse freedom.

Claims (8)

  1. A pressurized fuel injector (10) comprising a tubular body (12) which extends along a longitudinal axis (Z) and forms a nozzle (16) at one end, the fuel (C) flowing in the body (12) between an inlet (14) and the nozzle (16), likewise comprising a needle (18) arranged axially in the body (12) and being capable of moving between an open nozzle position (PO) and a closed nozzle position (PF), said fuel (C) circulating in the space (E) between the needle (18) and the inner surface of the body (12), the needle (18) being controlled according to a difference in pressure between a first control chamber (22) into which the upstream end (20) of the needle (18) opens and the nozzle (16) which is located downstream, the pressure in the first control chamber (22) being regulated by a control valve (32) operated by an electromagnet, characterized in that the injector (10) is, moreover, provided with a complementary means for controlling (52, 54, 40, 38, 44) the needle (18), said means engaging with the first control chamber (22) such that the pressure of the fuel (C) at the inlet (14) is entirely transmitted to the injection nozzle (16) and
    in which the complementary means for controlling (52, 54, 40, 38, 44) comprises a second control chamber (52) arranged in the needle (18) and connected to said space (E) by a calibrated aperture (38), and
    in which the needle (18) is provided with an axial blind bore (36) opening out into the upstream end (20) of the needle (18), the bore (36) forming the second control chamber (52), and
    in which the complementary control means (52, 54, 40, 38, 44) comprises a closing member (44) integral with the body (12) and arranged in such a manner as to close the upstream portion of the second control chamber (22).
  2. The injector (10) as claimed in claim 1, in which the closing member is a cylindrical piston (44), the cross section whereof is slidingly adjusted to that of the needle bore (36), the cylindrical piston (44) resting against a wall of the first control chamber (22).
  3. The injector (10) as claimed in either one of claims 1 and 2, in which the complementary control means (52, 54, 40, 38, 44) further comprises a filling channel (40) for the second control chamber (52) and another passive valve (54) opening or closing said filling channel (40).
  4. The injector (10) as claimed in claim 3, in which said other passive valve (54) comprises a flexible member (58) permanently stressing a closing member (56) against a seat (60) enclosing the opening of the filling channel (40) in the second control chamber (52).
  5. An injector as indicated in claim 4, characterized in that the flexible member (58) is a spring, the calibration of said spring being sufficiently weak to allow the ball to be sealed on its seat.
  6. A pressurized fuel injection method comprising the stages:
    - provision of an injector (10) realized according to any one of the preceding claims and activation of the control valve (32) such that the pressure in the first control chamber (22) develops in order to move the needle (18),
    - activation of the complimentary control means (52, 54, 40, 38, 44) helping to move the needle (18), the pressure at the nozzle (16) being identical to the pressure at the inlet (14).
  7. The method as claimed in claim 6, in which the needle (18) is moved towards the closed nozzle position, the injector (10) being realized as claimed in claim 4, the activation stage comprising the following stages:
    - closure of the control valve (32) and filling of the first control chamber (22) and the second control chamber (52), the fuel (C) flowing quickly through the filling channel (40) and moving said other control valve in such a manner that the pressure in the second control chamber (52) is identical to the pressure at the inlet (14) and the cylindrical piston (44) remains supported against a wall of the first control chamber (22), the needle (18) being in the closed nozzle position as quickly as possible.
  8. The method as claimed in claim 6, in which the needle (18) is moved towards the open nozzle position (PO), the injector (10) being realized as claimed in claim 4, the activation stage comprising the following stages:
    - the opening of the control valve (32), the depression created initiating the movement of the needle (18), the fuel (C) trapped in the second control chamber (52) escaping through the calibrated aperture (38) in such a manner that the opening speed of the nozzle (16) is controlled by it, the pressure of the fuel (C) injected through the nozzle (16) being equal to the pressure at the inlet (14).
EP14748145.1A 2013-07-23 2014-07-21 Fuel injector Not-in-force EP3025049B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14748145.1A EP3025049B1 (en) 2013-07-23 2014-07-21 Fuel injector

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13177670.0A EP2829717A1 (en) 2013-07-23 2013-07-23 Fuel injector
EP14748145.1A EP3025049B1 (en) 2013-07-23 2014-07-21 Fuel injector
PCT/EP2014/065637 WO2015011097A1 (en) 2013-07-23 2014-07-21 Fuel injector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3025049A1 EP3025049A1 (en) 2016-06-01
EP3025049B1 true EP3025049B1 (en) 2017-05-17

Family

ID=48803481

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13177670.0A Withdrawn EP2829717A1 (en) 2013-07-23 2013-07-23 Fuel injector
EP14748145.1A Not-in-force EP3025049B1 (en) 2013-07-23 2014-07-21 Fuel injector

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13177670.0A Withdrawn EP2829717A1 (en) 2013-07-23 2013-07-23 Fuel injector

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20160153412A1 (en)
EP (2) EP2829717A1 (en)
KR (1) KR20160033108A (en)
CN (1) CN105408615B (en)
WO (1) WO2015011097A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3045109B1 (en) * 2015-12-11 2018-01-05 Delphi Technologies Ip Limited FUEL INJECTOR
FR3080891B1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2020-10-09 Delphi Tech Ip Ltd FUEL INJECTOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0711996A (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-13 Hino Motors Ltd Combustion controller of diesel engine
JP3832140B2 (en) * 1999-05-21 2006-10-11 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Needle valve lift damper
JP4280066B2 (en) * 2000-11-17 2009-06-17 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Fuel injection injector and needle lift damping method for fuel injection injector
AT500774B8 (en) * 2004-08-06 2007-02-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR INJECTING FUEL IN THE COMBUSTION ENGINE OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
DE102007011789A1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh fuel injector
ATE546636T1 (en) * 2009-08-26 2012-03-15 Delphi Tech Holding Sarl FUEL INJECTOR
DE102010039048A1 (en) * 2010-08-09 2012-02-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injector
JP5817460B2 (en) * 2011-11-18 2015-11-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel injection device for internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20160033108A (en) 2016-03-25
CN105408615A (en) 2016-03-16
EP2829717A1 (en) 2015-01-28
CN105408615B (en) 2017-12-12
EP3025049A1 (en) 2016-06-01
US20160153412A1 (en) 2016-06-02
WO2015011097A1 (en) 2015-01-29

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