EP3024349B1 - Production of a shoe comprising an upper which consists of a three-dimensional knitted fabric - Google Patents
Production of a shoe comprising an upper which consists of a three-dimensional knitted fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3024349B1 EP3024349B1 EP14742211.7A EP14742211A EP3024349B1 EP 3024349 B1 EP3024349 B1 EP 3024349B1 EP 14742211 A EP14742211 A EP 14742211A EP 3024349 B1 EP3024349 B1 EP 3024349B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- knitted
- thread
- knitted fabric
- shoe
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B1/00—Footwear characterised by the material
- A43B1/02—Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom
- A43B1/04—Footwear characterised by the material made of fibres or fabrics made therefrom braided, knotted, knitted or crocheted
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/0235—Different layers of different material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/024—Different layers of the same material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
- A43B23/0255—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form assembled by gluing or thermo bonding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
- D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
- D04B1/108—Gussets, e.g. pouches or heel or toe portions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
- D04B1/18—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials elastic threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/01—Surface features
- D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
- D10B2403/0114—Dissimilar front and back faces with one or more yarns appearing predominantly on one face, e.g. plated or paralleled yarns
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
- D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
- D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/03—Shape features
- D10B2403/033—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
- D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
- D10B2501/043—Footwear
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shoe, the upper of which is formed in one piece from a knitted fabric.
- a mold the so-called last
- This shape corresponds to an image of the foot and takes into account the shape characteristics of the planned shoe model, i.e. Shape, size and length of the last of the last as well as the heel heel (later heel height).
- different machines are used to connect the individual parts of a shoe, namely the upper, the insole or insole, possibly an outsole and the bottom of the shoe with a separate heel, if necessary.
- Commonly used materials nowadays are thermoplastics for both the shaft and the bottom. Tissue is also used for the shaft.
- shoe production is largely industrial, but the amount of manual work involved is still very high.
- the shaft In the manufacture of the shaft in particular, after the presence of a suitable last, its individual parts are prepared in the stamping and stitching, from which the shaft is then glued or sewn together. Then the feed, i.e. the inner shaft is manufactured in the same way and brought into the outer shaft by gluing, sewing or a combination thereof.
- the upper When the upper is finished, it is placed on the insole, i.e. the insole is applied, under which an outsole is then fixed.
- the latter can be glued with heat-active glue or applied to the insole in the spray process, such as the. B. is regularly the case with sports shoes.
- the U.S. 4,785,558 A shows a shoe with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the object of the present invention is now to provide a new shoe, and in particular to manufacture the upper of a shoe more easily.
- the shaft is at least essentially formed by a - in particular one-piece or one-piece - double-layer knitted fabric, in which the two layers of knitted fabric are connected to one another, e.g. via stitch transfer between the knitted layers, one or more pile threads, a spacing structure or other known connecting techniques for knitted layers.
- This connection of the knitted layers in combination with the different extent of the two knitted layers allows a strong three-dimensional shape of the one-piece knitted shoe to be realized.
- the three-dimensionality is given to the shaft by the fact that the outer layer of knitted fabric has a larger area than the inner layer of knitted fabric, e.g. knitted more densely or voluminously. Since the two layers of knitted fabric are connected to one another, this leads to a three-dimensional shape of the resulting two-layer knitted fabric, in which the layer of knitted fabric with the larger area (preferably the outer layer of knitted fabric) arches around the layer of knitted fabric with the smaller area (usually the inner layer of knitted fabric) , whereby the shaft takes on the three-dimensional shape of a foot during knitting and maintains it sustainably.
- the two layers of knitted fabric are connected to one another by an intermediate / stand-up thread, which is partially meshed at different densities / needle spacing or placed on a catch.
- the three-dimensional shape can be supported by knitting in different layers with different voluminous ties and thread thicknesses.
- the different surface in both layers of knitted fabric can be realized by numerous possibilities. For example, stitches can be increased in the outer layer of knitted fabric and / or stitches can be reduced in the inner layer of knitted fabric. This means that there are more stitches in the outer layer of knitted fabric than in the inner layer of knitted fabric. The result is a larger area of the outer layer of knitted fabric compared to the area of the inner layer of knitted fabric and thus a three-dimensional shape of the knitted fabric.
- the locations or the density of the locations of the surplus area are distributed as evenly as possible in the knitted fabric for optical reasons and for reasons of stability.
- the density of the locations of different areas in the knitted fabric is chosen so that the three-dimensional shape of the shaft is achieved in the desired manner.
- the stitching of stitches offers the possibility of changing the course of the stitch in the knitted fabric, with which, for example, the direction of the elasticity of the knitted fabric can be set individually and differently in different areas.
- the stitches in the two layers of knitted fabric can be knitted from a differently strong material, i.e. the outer layer of knitted fabric made of a stronger material than the inner one. This leads to the knitted fabric automatically taking on a three-dimensional shape.
- Weft and / or warp threads can also be introduced in the outer knitted layer in a weaving process, as a result of which the amount of material in the outer Knitted layer increases, which also leads to the knitted fabric automatically taking on a three-dimensional shape.
- weft and / or warp threads are also introduced in the inner knitted layer, in which case the density of the weft and / or warp threads in the outer knitted layer is preferably higher, and / or the material thickness of the weft and / or warp threads in the outer knitted layer is larger.
- the weft and warp threads can assume special functionality in some areas, e.g. rubberized or very robust weft and warp threads in the desired shoe areas.
- the weft / warp threads can preferably also be introduced between the layers. Weft threads in particular can be partially meshed on one side to increase the volume.
- the weft or warp threads can be placed on the catch between the layers, floated as filler threads, or guided as pile threads.
- the difference to weft / warp threads, which are knitted in one layer, is that the weft / warp threads running between the layers are not knitted on the back or front stitch bed, but are only partially stitched on one or both needle beds.
- stitches can be placed on the catch, while in the inner layer of knitted fabrics no further knitting is carried out while laying on the catch. Overall, this leads to a higher volume in the outer layer of knitted fabric.
- Stitches can be split in the outer layer of knitted fabric and / or stitches can be folded together in the inner layer of knitted fabric. You can knit larger stitches in the outer layer of knit, and / or use a stronger material than increase in the inner layer of knit and / or stitches.
- a larger area can be created in one knitted layer (the knitted layer facing the outside of the shoe) than in the other.
- the layer of knitted fabric that is to be tightened usually the layer of knitted fabric facing the inside of the shoe
- knitting can be done with higher thread tension and with thinner material.
- the area extension of a knitted layer can also be influenced by appropriately varied insertion of weft and / or warp threads (e.g. as filler thread).
- a three-dimensionality is also e.g. realized by different yarns / bindings / strengths on the top / bottom of the shoe. If e.g. knitting in the outer layer with more yarn or more stitches than in the inner layer, the knitting bulges automatically. This effect is also achieved if e.g. in the inner layer of knitted fabric, shrinking / elastic yarns or less yarn are used.
- contoured parts made of thermoplastic fiber can also be easily shaped by tempering.
- All of these exemplary methods for producing a different surface in the two layers of knitted fabric often go hand in hand with a corresponding change in volume of the surface, only the proportion of volume relevant to the three-dimensional shape extending in the plane of the layer of knitted fabric.
- the three-dimensional shaping techniques described above can be combined with one another in any desired manner.
- the combination of the above methods for example increase / decrease or different materials with the introduction of weft and / or warp threads in a weaving / knitting method brings additional advantages with regard to the stability of the overall knitted fabric and thus of the shaft as a whole.
- the invention offers the advantage that the entire shaft or at least the essential part of the shaft can be produced in one piece in an automated process.
- the upper is given the three-dimensional shape (shape) necessary for comfortable wearing of the shoe and corresponding to the shape of the foot.
- the insole can optionally be knitted in one piece with the upper in an automated process.
- the sole is connected to the upper after knitting the upper, e.g. by gluing, welding or other known connection techniques between the upper and the sole of the shoe
- the increase or decrease in stitches in the knitted layers should take place in several places, which places in the shaping area are preferably distributed as evenly as possible but are denser in the more shaped areas of the shaft. In this way, a shape can be integrated homogeneously into the knitted fabric. Because of this homogeneous shape, excessively stressed edge areas that are responsible for shaping are avoided. Spikling / increasing / reducing can also influence the direction of the stitch course, which can be used for targeted zoning of the shoe in areas with different orientations of deformability / elasticity.
- the degree of deformation is preferably controlled via the density, ie the mutual distance between the points at which the increase or decrease takes place. In this way, homogeneous textile pieces can be produced which, in the desired manner, have both less deformed areas and more deformed areas.
- Three-dimensional shaping options include increasing and / or decreasing stitches in several areas of the knitted fabric, or inactivating needles in certain areas of the knitted fabric when knitting the shoe on a knitting machine, while continuing to knit with the needles in the other areas. By later activating these previously inactivated needles a contraction of the knitted fabric in the inactivated area, which can be used in the desired manner to achieve a specific shape.
- a distributed increase or decrease in stitches within the knitted layers of the knitted fabric can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner using so-called twin needles. If you want to reduce the number of stitches, just continue knitting with an A or B needle on the twin needle. This results in a reduction in the number of stitches by half while the width of the active area of the needle bed remains the same.
- the upper according to the invention is closed all round and is thus ultimately connected to a sole.
- zones of increased dimensional stability can be provided in the knitted shaft by stabilizing components, such as e.g. Chain, weft threads, pole bridge, or liquor are incorporated and / or by knitting at these points with a very robust and somewhat stronger material.
- stabilizing components such as e.g. Chain, weft threads, pole bridge, or liquor are incorporated and / or by knitting at these points with a very robust and somewhat stronger material.
- such a stabilizer can also be a high-strength knitting fiber which is incorporated into the knitted fabric as a knitting thread in the region of said zone.
- the three-dimensional shaping of the shaft, which was carried out by the method described above, is kept improved by the stabilizer.
- Suitable high-strength knitting fibers are preferably made of polyamide or polyester, but can also be made of leather.
- a textile insole can additionally be sewn onto the shaft or welded on by ultrasound.
- the insole can of course also be knitted in during the manufacture of the shaft.
- the shaft according to the invention can further comprise integrated, pre-defined holes for a lace band.
- the lace holes should be reinforced, e.g. by post-processing the knitted fabric or preferably with glue / fusion thread and / or by thick knitting. Instead of the shoelace holes, loops / tunnels are also possible.
- resin can not only be sprayed on, but also partially knitted in as a powder. This can already adhere to the knitted fibers.
- a thermally deformable knitted fiber is used in the double-layer knitted fabric, which is hardened after thermal treatment and thus represents a stabilizer for maintaining the three-dimensional shape of the shaft.
- a variant of this embodiment is formed by a double layer of the knitted fabric, between which an adhesive thread is inserted or otherwise worked in, in particular only these passages being tempered and thereby hardened.
- the shaft can also be retrofitted, i.e. after knitting e.g. be sprayed with resins.
- the fibers with which the double-layer knitted fabric of the upper is knitted are preferably equipped with hydrophobic, cooling, dirt-repellent, or afterglow, in accordance with the requirements of the shoe.
- An advantageous variant of the invention provides for the shaft to be manufactured, inter alia, with a defined shrinking fiber, the shaft being designed somewhat larger in its manufacture and subsequently in a desired shoe size appropriate shape and then annealed.
- This tempering caused by heat or steam causes the textile to shrink, thereby realizing the desired shoe size.
- the shrinking process can also be used to achieve a higher density of the textile, for example, which further increases the stability of the shaft or improves water repellency.
- the outsole is subsequently attached and advantageously fixed by spraying.
- the material of the outsole is preferably polyurethane.
- the sole can be molded onto the upper, sewn on and / or glued on.
- the shaft according to the invention together with all components, can have any design. It is also possible to design a production fully automatically from the scanning of a customer's foot to the manufacture of the shoe on the basis of the scan data obtained.
- the method reveals an ecological production of a shoe with the greatest variability of individual customer wishes and requirements for the shoe.
- the finished shoe can of course also be embroidered or printed afterwards to give it the desired look.
- the shaft can be ideally zoned, preferably in the longitudinal direction, and an ergonomic construction can be achieved by changing the direction of the bindings / zones. In this sense, there are several options 'knit' the shoe - lengthways / crossways / diagonally / combined.
- the direction of the stitch course can be changed by puckering, which enables the development of individual different zones on the shoe.
- the shoe is preferably knitted with a combination of different bindings - thick, thin, soft, hard, semi-flexible, stabilizing.
- the shaft is preferably formed from binding combinations, under which, in addition to elastic, thick / thin passages, mesh structures and single-surface knitted sections can also be provided, for example mesh membranes, which also make the assigned zone function visible.
- the shaft end should be padded. Bulky / soft filler threads are usually used for this.
- the tongue should also be soft / voluminous - loops for fixing the laces are useful.
- the tip of the shaft should be solid / hard, which can be achieved, for example, by thermal aftertreatment or by melting threads. From the base of the toe, the knitted fabric can then be thin / soft.
- the lower edge of the upper must preferably be made thin and firm for sewing on an insole. If the insole is already knitted on, anchors (tube / loop) can be helpful for molding an outsole.
- the fixed areas are preferably provided in the front and rear cap area of the upper, in particular on the cap edges which are to be connected to the sole. Such a fixed area can also be provided in the edge area of the shaft on the inner instep, where a support function for the arch of the foot on the inside of the foot is desired.
- the elastic areas are provided in particular at the upper cap end, where elastic contact of the shaft with the ankle or in the ankle area of the foot is desired, and also in the middle of the front sheet.
- Figure 1 shows a shoe 10 consisting of a shaft 12 which is knitted in one piece and is connected to a shoe sole 14.
- the tongue 16 of the shoe is optionally integrally knitted in one piece.
- Holes 18 for the shoelaces of the shoe are also optionally knitted in integrated.
- the shoe 10 has a toe cap 20, a heel cap 22, an upper end 24 and also a front outer instep region 26.
- the upper 12 consists of a multi-layer knitted fabric 28, in which the outer layer of knitted fabric is more voluminous or large, so that the upper is knitted automatically creates the desired three-dimensional shape.
- the shaft 12 can by any known connection technology, for. B. glue, sew and / or shed be connected to the plastic sole 14.
- a thermal thread is preferably knitted into the knitted fabric in the area of the front cap 20 and the heel cap 22. After tempering, the thermal thread in the knitted fabric forms a reinforced, rather rigid area. In this way, the stabilization in the one-piece knitted shaft 12 at stress points can be improved.
- the upper end 24 and the front outer instep region 26 can preferably be knitted with a rubber-elastic thread that is reinforced or stronger than the other material 28, so that the elasticity is increased in these regions.
- the shoe according to the invention achieves a tight fit of the upper 12 on the foot and thus high running efficiency. The invention is therefore particularly suitable for any type of running shoe.
- FIGs 2a to 2e and Figures 3a to 3e show advantageous stitch patterns for the knitted fabric 28 of the shaft 12.
- the outer layer 35 of the knitted fabric 28 is knitted on the needle bed A, while the inner layer 37 is knitted on the rear needle bed B.
- Figure 2a shows a double-layer standard knitted fabric 30 with a textile thread 31, for example PA or PE.
- the figure clearly shows that the stitches on the front needle bed A are wider, while the stitches on the rear needle bed B are tighter and thus smaller.
- the outer layer 35 has a larger area than the inner layer 37, which results in a curvature and an automatic three-dimensional shaping of the knitted fabric.
- the thread 30 can optionally be a rubber-elastic thread or a hybrid thread, which gives the knitted fabric an elastic effect similar to a stocking, which, when processed in a shaft, has the effect that the foot is wrapped tightly around it.
- Figure 2b shows a stitch pattern of a further knitted fabric 33, in which a first thread 32 with a larger thickness is knitted on the front needle bed A, in such a way that it is wound on each needle.
- the back needle bed B is knitted with a thinner second thread 34, which rolls on each needle of the back stitch bed B. and is connected to the first thread 32 via catch.
- This knitted fabric leads to a more voluminous, denser front outer layer, so that a three-dimensional, stabilized knitted fabric is achieved.
- Figure 2c shows a two-ply knitted fabric 40, in which a first thread 42 and a second thread 44 are knitted separately on the two needle beds A and B, being knitted on each needle.
- the first thread 42 and the second thread 44 are connected to one another via a catch thread 46.
- Figure 2d shows a two-layer knitted fabric 50, in which the outer layer is knitted with a first thread 52 and a second thread 54, in which the two threads are alternately spliced and floated, ie at the needle position at which one of the two threads 52, 54 is spliced , the other thread 54, 52 is floated (1 x1 floated).
- a third thread 56 is knitted on the rear needle bed B and is wound on each needle.
- Figure 2e shows a further knitted fabric 60 of the shaft 12 which is only knitted with a thread 60 which is spliced on the front needle bed A on each needle, while it is spliced on the rear needle bed B only on every second needle.
- the thread 60 here is a textile thread or a hybrid thread consisting of a normal textile material and a rubber-elastic material.
- a knitted fabric is created, the outer layer of which is more voluminous and stable than the inner layer, which automatically creates a three-dimensionally shaped knitted fabric 28, which forms the shaft 12.
- Figure 3a shows a double-layer knitted fabric 70 which is knitted with a first thread 72 and a second thread 74.
- the first thread 72 is knitted 1 ⁇ 1 on the front and rear needle beds A, B, being knitted on every second needle on both needle beds A, B.
- the second thread 74 which is designed in particular as a rubber-elastic thread, is knitted intermittently on the front needle bed with the first thread on every second needle, being floated on the needles which the first thread 72 is spliced.
- This knitted fabric also achieves a more voluminous outer layer 35 for the three-dimensional knitted fabric compared to the inner layer 37 of the knitted fabric.
- Figure 3b shows another knitted fabric 80. This is knitted at the front with a first thread 82, which is preferably bulky than a second thread 84 knitted on the rear needle bed 84. Both threads 82, 84 are connected to one another by means of a pile thread 86 which is inserted with a catch, the needle beds being displaced, so that a diagonal structure of the pile thread 86 running between the first and second threads 82, 84 results.
- This knitted fabric also leads to a three-dimensional shape that can be ideally adjusted for a shaft.
- Figure 3c shows a knitted fabric 90, which is knitted with a first thread 92 and a second thread 94, both threads being knitted 1 ⁇ 1 on the front and rear needle beds A and B and both threads being offset from one another by a needle.
- a weft thread 96 for example a thermally deformable thread (thermal thread) is inserted between the two layers of knitted fabric. This results in a very dense and stable structure, which can be used as material 28 of the entire upper 12, in particular in the area of the front cap 20 and the heel cap 22 or for heavily used shoes.
- Figure 3d shows a knitted fabric 100 which is knitted from a first thread 102, a second thread 104 and a third thread 106. All three threads 102, 104, 106 are knitted offset from one another on the front needle bed, in such a way that each thread is wound on one needle and floated on the next two other needles. This results in a relatively dense multi-layer structure.
- Each of the double-layered knitted fabrics 30, 33, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 shown in the stitch patterns can be made as a knitted fabric 28 of the shaft Fig. 1 be used.
- the thread can be any conventional textile thread, e.g. B. a PE or PA thread or any conventional textile yarn.
- the thread can be covered or knitted as a hybrid. In this way, the properties of the thread can be adjusted to the function of the thread in the shaft.
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- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schuh, dessen Schaft einteilig aus einem Gestrick gebildet ist. Um zur dreidimensionalen Hohlform eines Schuhs zu gelangen, werden seine einzelnen Teile im Stand der Technik auf einer Form, dem sog. Leisten montiert. Diese Form entspricht einem Abbild des Fußes und berücksichtigt die Formmerkmale des geplanten Schuhmodells, d.h. Form, Größe und Länge der Leistenspitze, sowie der Fersensprengung (spätere Absatzhöhe). Bei der industriellen Schuhproduktion eines Konfektionsschuhs bedient man sich unterschiedlicher Maschinen, mit denen die Einzelteile eines Schuhs, nämlich der Schaft, die Innen- oder Brandsohle, ggf. eine Laufsohle und der untere Boden des Schuhs mit ggf. separatem Absatz miteinander verbunden werden. Häufig verwendete Materialien sind heutzutage sowohl für den Schaft als auch für den Boden thermoplastische Kunststoffe. Für den Schaft werden darüber hinaus auch Gewebe eingesetzt. Man verwendet Gewebe aus Naturfasern, z. B. Baumwolle, überwiegend aber aus Kunststoffen. Zwar erfolgt heutzutage die Schuhproduktion zum größten Teil industriell, doch ist auch hier der eingebundene manuelle Arbeitsanteil immer noch sehr hoch.The invention relates to a shoe, the upper of which is formed in one piece from a knitted fabric. In order to arrive at the three-dimensional hollow shape of a shoe, its individual parts are mounted on a mold, the so-called last, in the prior art. This shape corresponds to an image of the foot and takes into account the shape characteristics of the planned shoe model, i.e. Shape, size and length of the last of the last as well as the heel heel (later heel height). In the industrial shoe production of a ready-made shoe, different machines are used to connect the individual parts of a shoe, namely the upper, the insole or insole, possibly an outsole and the bottom of the shoe with a separate heel, if necessary. Commonly used materials nowadays are thermoplastics for both the shaft and the bottom. Tissue is also used for the shaft. Fabrics made from natural fibers, e.g. B. cotton, but mostly made of plastics. Nowadays, shoe production is largely industrial, but the amount of manual work involved is still very high.
Bei der Fertigung des Schaftes im Speziellen werden nach Vorliegen eines geeigneten Leisten seine einzelnen Teile in der Stanzerei und Stepperei vorbereitet, aus denen sodann Schaft zusammengeklebt oder genäht wird. Anschließend wird das Futter, d.h. der Innenschaft in der gleichen Weise gefertigt und in den Außenschaft durch Kleben, Nähen oder einer Kombination hieraus gebracht. Ist der Schaft fertig, wird dieser auf die Innensohle, d.h. die Brandsohle aufgebracht, unter der dann eine Laufsohle fixiert wird. Letztere kann mit hitzeaktivem Klebstoff verklebt oder an die Brandsohle im Spritzverfahren angesetzt werden, wie das z. B. bei Sportschuhen regelmäßig der Fall ist.In the manufacture of the shaft in particular, after the presence of a suitable last, its individual parts are prepared in the stamping and stitching, from which the shaft is then glued or sewn together. Then the feed, i.e. the inner shaft is manufactured in the same way and brought into the outer shaft by gluing, sewing or a combination thereof. When the upper is finished, it is placed on the insole, i.e. the insole is applied, under which an outsole is then fixed. The latter can be glued with heat-active glue or applied to the insole in the spray process, such as the. B. is regularly the case with sports shoes.
Die
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, einen neuen Schuh vorzusehen, und insbesondere den Schaft eines Schuhs einfacher herzustellen.The object of the present invention is now to provide a new shoe, and in particular to manufacture the upper of a shoe more easily.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Schuh gemäß Anspruch 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a shoe according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Schaft zumindest im Wesentlichen durch ein - insbesondere einteiliges bzw. einstückiges - doppellagiges Gestrick gebildet, bei welchem die beiden Gestricklagen miteinander verbunden sind, z.B. über Maschenübertrag zwischen den Gestricklagen, einen oder mehrere Polfaden, eine Abstandstruktur oder andere an sich bekannte Verbindungstechniken für Gestricklagen. Durch diese Verbindung der Gestricklagen in Kombination mit der unterschiedlichen Erstreckung der beiden Gestricklagen kann eine starke dreidimensionale Formgebung des einteilig gestrickten Schuhs realisiert werden.According to the invention, the shaft is at least essentially formed by a - in particular one-piece or one-piece - double-layer knitted fabric, in which the two layers of knitted fabric are connected to one another, e.g. via stitch transfer between the knitted layers, one or more pile threads, a spacing structure or other known connecting techniques for knitted layers. This connection of the knitted layers in combination with the different extent of the two knitted layers allows a strong three-dimensional shape of the one-piece knitted shoe to be realized.
In der Anmeldung werden die Begriffe "äußere Gestricklage" und "Außenlage" sowie "innere Gestricklage" und "Innenlage" synonym verwendet.In the application, the terms "outer knitted fabric" and "outer layer" as well as "inner knitted fabric" and "inner layer" are used synonymously.
Die Dreidimensionalität wird dem Schaft dadurch verliehen, dass die äußere Gestricklage eine größere Fläche hat als die innere Gestricklage, z.B. dichter oder voluminöser gestrickt ist. Da die beiden Gestricklagen miteinander verbunden sind, führt dies zu einer dreidimensionalen Form des resultierenden zweilagigen Gestricks, bei welcher sich die Gestricklage mit der größeren Fläche (vorzugsweise die äußere Gestricklage) um die Gestricklage mit der geringeren Fläche (in der Regel die innere Gestricklage) wölbt, wodurch der Schaft die dreidimensionale Form eines Fußes bereits während des Strickens annimmt und nachhaltig beibehält.The three-dimensionality is given to the shaft by the fact that the outer layer of knitted fabric has a larger area than the inner layer of knitted fabric, e.g. knitted more densely or voluminously. Since the two layers of knitted fabric are connected to one another, this leads to a three-dimensional shape of the resulting two-layer knitted fabric, in which the layer of knitted fabric with the larger area (preferably the outer layer of knitted fabric) arches around the layer of knitted fabric with the smaller area (usually the inner layer of knitted fabric) , whereby the shaft takes on the three-dimensional shape of a foot during knitting and maintains it sustainably.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die beiden Gestricklagen durch einen Zwischen-/Stehfaden miteinander verbunden, der partiell in unterschiedlicher Dichte/Nadelabstand vermascht oder auf Fang gelegt ist.According to the invention, the two layers of knitted fabric are connected to one another by an intermediate / stand-up thread, which is partially meshed at different densities / needle spacing or placed on a catch.
Die dreidimensionale Formgebung kann dadurch unterstützt werden, dass in den unterschiedlichen Lagen mit unterschiedlich voluminösen Bindungen und Fadenstärken gestrickt wird.The three-dimensional shape can be supported by knitting in different layers with different voluminous ties and thread thicknesses.
Die unterschiedliche Fläche in beiden Gestricklagen lässt sich durch zahlreiche Möglichkeiten realisieren. Es können zum Beispiel in der äußeren Gestricklage Maschen zugenommen und/oder in der inneren Gestricklage Maschen gemindert werden. Dies führt dazu, dass in der äußeren Gestricklage mehr Maschen vorhanden sind als in der inneren Gestricklage. Es resultiert eine größere Fläche der äußeren Gestricklage verglichen mit der Fläche der inneren Gestricklage und damit eine dreidimensionale Form des Gestricks.The different surface in both layers of knitted fabric can be realized by numerous possibilities. For example, stitches can be increased in the outer layer of knitted fabric and / or stitches can be reduced in the inner layer of knitted fabric. This means that there are more stitches in the outer layer of knitted fabric than in the inner layer of knitted fabric. The result is a larger area of the outer layer of knitted fabric compared to the area of the inner layer of knitted fabric and thus a three-dimensional shape of the knitted fabric.
Die Orte bzw. die Dichte der Orte des Flächenüberschusses (Zunahme, Spickeln, Minderung) werden aus optischen Gründen und Stabilitätsgründen möglichst gleichmäßig im Gestrick verteilt. Zudem wird die Dichte der Orte unterschiedlicher Fläche in dem Gestrick so gewählt, dass die dreidimensionale Form des Schaftes in der gewünschten Weise erzielt wird.The locations or the density of the locations of the surplus area (increase, pimples, decrease) are distributed as evenly as possible in the knitted fabric for optical reasons and for reasons of stability. In addition, the density of the locations of different areas in the knitted fabric is chosen so that the three-dimensional shape of the shaft is achieved in the desired manner.
Es gibt neben der Zunahme und Minderung von Maschen noch eine Menge anderer Möglichkeiten, in den beiden Gestricklagen eines zweilagigen Gestricks eine unterschiedliche Fläche zu erzielen. Ein paar davon sollen nachfolgend kurz beschreiben werden.In addition to the increase and decrease of stitches, there are a lot of other ways to achieve a different area in the two layers of a two-layer knitted fabric. A few of them are briefly described below.
Das Spickeln von Maschen bietet die Möglichkeit, den Maschenverlauf im Gestrick zu ändern, womit sich beispielsweise die Richtung der Elastizität des Gestricks in unterschiedlichen Bereichen individuell und unterschiedlich einstellen lässt.The stitching of stitches offers the possibility of changing the course of the stitch in the knitted fabric, with which, for example, the direction of the elasticity of the knitted fabric can be set individually and differently in different areas.
Weiterhin können die Maschen in den beiden Gestricklagen aus einem unterschiedlich starken Material gestrickt werden, d.h. die äußere Gestricklage aus einem stärkeren Material als die innere. Dies führt dazu, dass das Gestrick selbsttätig eine dreidimensionale Form einnimmt.Furthermore, the stitches in the two layers of knitted fabric can be knitted from a differently strong material, i.e. the outer layer of knitted fabric made of a stronger material than the inner one. This leads to the knitted fabric automatically taking on a three-dimensional shape.
Es können in der äußeren Gestricklage in einem Web-Strickverfahren zusätzlich Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden eingebracht werden, wodurch sich die Materialmenge in der äußeren Gestricklage erhöht, was ebenso dazu führt, dass das Gestrick selbsttätig eine dreidimensionale Form annimmt.Weft and / or warp threads can also be introduced in the outer knitted layer in a weaving process, as a result of which the amount of material in the outer Knitted layer increases, which also leads to the knitted fabric automatically taking on a three-dimensional shape.
Es können z.B. aus Stabilitätsgründen auch in der inneren Gestricklage Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden eingebracht werden, in welchem Fall die Dichte der Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden in der äußeren Gestricklage vorzugsweise höher ist, und/oder die Materialstärke der Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden in der äußeren Gestricklage größer ist.For example, for reasons of stability, weft and / or warp threads are also introduced in the inner knitted layer, in which case the density of the weft and / or warp threads in the outer knitted layer is preferably higher, and / or the material thickness of the weft and / or warp threads in the outer knitted layer is larger.
Die Schuss- und Kettfäden können bereichsweise eine spezielle Funktionalität übernehmen, z.B. gummierte oder sehr robuste Schuss- und Kettfäden in gewünschten Schuhbereichen. Die Schuss-/Kettfäden können vorzugsweise auch zwischen den Lagen eingebracht werden. Insbesondere Schussfäden können zur Volumenerhöhung auf einer Seite teilvermascht werden. Die Schuss- oder Kettfäden können zwischen den Lagen auf Fang gelegt werden, als Füllfaden geflottet, oder als Polfäden geführt werden. Der Unterschied zu Schuss-/Kettfäden, die in einer Lage gestrickt werden besteht dabei, dass die zischen den Lagen verlaufenden Schuss-/Kettfäden nicht auf dem hinteren oder vorderen Maschenbett gestrickt werden, sondern allenfalls auf einem oder beiden Nadelbetten teilvermascht werden.The weft and warp threads can assume special functionality in some areas, e.g. rubberized or very robust weft and warp threads in the desired shoe areas. The weft / warp threads can preferably also be introduced between the layers. Weft threads in particular can be partially meshed on one side to increase the volume. The weft or warp threads can be placed on the catch between the layers, floated as filler threads, or guided as pile threads. The difference to weft / warp threads, which are knitted in one layer, is that the weft / warp threads running between the layers are not knitted on the back or front stitch bed, but are only partially stitched on one or both needle beds.
In der äußeren Gestricklage können Maschen auf Fang gelegt werden, währen in der inneren Gestricklage während des auf Fang Legens nicht weitergestrickt wird. Dies führt insgesamt zu einem höheren Volumen in der äußeren Gestricklage.In the outer layer of stitches, stitches can be placed on the catch, while in the inner layer of knitted fabrics no further knitting is carried out while laying on the catch. Overall, this leads to a higher volume in the outer layer of knitted fabric.
Es können in den entsprechenden Gestricklagen thermisch verformbare Fäden eingestrickt werden, die sich bei thermischer Behandlung zusammenziehen (insbesondere für die innere Gestricklage) oder ausdehnen (insbesondere für die äußere Gestricklage).It is possible to knit-in thermally deformable threads in the corresponding knitted layers, which contract during thermal treatment (in particular for the inner knitted layer) or expand (in particular for the outer knitted layer).
Es können in der äußeren Gestricklage Maschen gesplittet und/oder in der inneren Gestricklage Maschen zusammengelegt werden. Man kann in der äußeren Gestricklage größere Maschen stricken, und/oder ein stärkeres Material verwenden als in der inneren Gestricklage und/oder Maschen zunehmen.Stitches can be split in the outer layer of knitted fabric and / or stitches can be folded together in the inner layer of knitted fabric. You can knit larger stitches in the outer layer of knit, and / or use a stronger material than increase in the inner layer of knit and / or stitches.
Größere Maschen lassen sich allgemein durch dickeren Faden, längere Kulierung oder zusätzlichen Fang bzw. teilvermaschen Schussfaden erreichen. Diese Parameter werden für einzelne Zonen des Schuhs individuell eingestellt, so das sich unterschiedliche Formgebung und Elastizität der einzelnen Zonen des Schuhs steuern lassen.Larger stitches can generally be achieved by thicker thread, longer curling or additional catch or partially stitched weft thread. These parameters are set individually for individual zones of the shoe, so that different shapes and elasticities of the individual zones of the shoe can be controlled.
Auf diese Weise kann in der einen Gestricklage (die der Schuhaußenseite zugewandte Gestricklage) eine größere Fläche erzeugt werden als in der anderen. In der Gestricklage, die enger werden soll (in der Regel die der Schuhinnenseite zugewandte Gestricklage) kann mit höherer Fadenspannung, mit dünnerem Material gestrickt werden. Zudem kann gemindert (Abnehmen von Maschen) werden. Auch durch entsprechend variierte Einbringung von Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden (z.B. als Füllfaden) kann die Flächenerstreckung einer Gestricklage beeinflusst werden. Eine Dreidimensionalität wird zudem z.B. durch unterschiedliche Garne/Bindungen/Festigkeiten auf der Ober/Unterseite des Schuhs realisiert. Wenn z.B. in der Außenlage mit mehr Garn oder mehr Maschen gestrickt wird als in der Innenlage wird, wölbt sich die das Gestrick automatisch. Dieser Effekt wird auch erzielt, wenn z.B. in der inneren Gestricklage mit schrumpfenden/elastischen Garnen oder weniger Garn gearbeitet wird. Natürlich können auch konturierte Teile aus thermoplastischer Faser einfach durch Tempern in Form gebracht werden.In this way, a larger area can be created in one knitted layer (the knitted layer facing the outside of the shoe) than in the other. In the layer of knitted fabric that is to be tightened (usually the layer of knitted fabric facing the inside of the shoe), knitting can be done with higher thread tension and with thinner material. In addition, you can reduce (decrease stitches). The area extension of a knitted layer can also be influenced by appropriately varied insertion of weft and / or warp threads (e.g. as filler thread). A three-dimensionality is also e.g. realized by different yarns / bindings / strengths on the top / bottom of the shoe. If e.g. knitting in the outer layer with more yarn or more stitches than in the inner layer, the knitting bulges automatically. This effect is also achieved if e.g. in the inner layer of knitted fabric, shrinking / elastic yarns or less yarn are used. Of course, contoured parts made of thermoplastic fiber can also be easily shaped by tempering.
Die oben genannten Möglichkeiten zum Aufweiten oder Zusammenziehen einer Gestricklage können in dem zweilagigen Gestrick natürlich beliebig miteinander zur Erzielung einer gewünschten dreidimensionalen Form kombiniert werden.The abovementioned possibilities for expanding or contracting a layer of knitted fabric can of course be combined with one another in the two-layer knitted fabric to achieve a desired three-dimensional shape.
Alle diese beispielhaften Verfahren zur Herstellung einer unterschiedlichen Fläche in den beiden Gestricklagen gehen oft auch mit einer entsprechenden Volumenänderung der Fläche einher, wobei für die dreidimensionale Form nur der Volumenanteil relevant ist, der sich in der Ebene der Gestricklage erstreckt. Die oben beschriebenen Techniken zur dreidimensionalen Formgebung können miteinander in beliebiger Weise kombiniert werden. Insbesondere die Kombination obiger Verfahren, z.B. Zunahme/Minderung oder unterschiedliche Materialien mit der Einbringung von Schuss- und/oder Kettfäden in einem Web/Strick-Verfahren bringt hinsichtlich der Stabilität des Gesamtgestricks und damit des Schafts insgesamt zusätzliche Vorteile.All of these exemplary methods for producing a different surface in the two layers of knitted fabric often go hand in hand with a corresponding change in volume of the surface, only the proportion of volume relevant to the three-dimensional shape extending in the plane of the layer of knitted fabric. The three-dimensional shaping techniques described above can be combined with one another in any desired manner. In particular, the combination of the above methods, for example increase / decrease or different materials with the introduction of weft and / or warp threads in a weaving / knitting method brings additional advantages with regard to the stability of the overall knitted fabric and thus of the shaft as a whole.
Die Erfindung bietet den Vorteil dass der gesamte Schaft oder zumindest der wesentliche Teil des Schafts in einem automatisierten Vorgang einteilig hergestellt werden kann. Dabei wird dem Schaft die zum komfortablen Tragen des Schuhs notwendige und der Fußform entsprechende haltbare räumliche dreidimensionale Gestalt (Form) gegeben.The invention offers the advantage that the entire shaft or at least the essential part of the shaft can be produced in one piece in an automated process. The upper is given the three-dimensional shape (shape) necessary for comfortable wearing of the shoe and corresponding to the shape of the foot.
Die Innensohle kann gegebenenfalls in einem automatisierten Verfahren einteilig mit dem Schaft mitgestrickt werden.The insole can optionally be knitted in one piece with the upper in an automated process.
Die Sohle wird nach dem Stricken des Schaftes mit diesem verbunden, z.B. durch Verkleben, Verschweißen oder andere an sich bekannte Verbindungstechniken zwischen Schaft und SchuhsohleThe sole is connected to the upper after knitting the upper, e.g. by gluing, welding or other known connection techniques between the upper and the sole of the shoe
Die Zunahme bzw. Minderung von Maschen in den Gestricklagen soll an mehreren Stellen verteilt erfolgen, welche Stellen im Formgebungsbereich vorzugsweise möglichst gleichmäßig verteilt aber in den stärker geformten Bereichen des Schaftes dichter sind. Auf diese Weise kann eine Formgebung homogen in das Gestrick integriert werden. Aufgrund dieser homogenen Formgebung wiederum werden übermäßig beanspruchte Randbereiche, die für eine Formgebung verantwortlich sind, vermieden. Durch Spickeln/Zunehmen/Mindern lässt sich zudem Einfluss auf die Richtung des Maschenverlauf nehmen, was zur gezielten Zonierung des Schuhs in Bereiche mit unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung der Verformbarkeit/Elastizität verwendet werden kann.The increase or decrease in stitches in the knitted layers should take place in several places, which places in the shaping area are preferably distributed as evenly as possible but are denser in the more shaped areas of the shaft. In this way, a shape can be integrated homogeneously into the knitted fabric. Because of this homogeneous shape, excessively stressed edge areas that are responsible for shaping are avoided. Spikling / increasing / reducing can also influence the direction of the stitch course, which can be used for targeted zoning of the shoe in areas with different orientations of deformability / elasticity.
Der Grad der Verformung wird vorzugsweise über die Dichte, d.h. den gegenseitigen Abstand der Stellen gesteuert, an denen die Zunahme, Minderung erfolgt. Auf diese Weise lassen sich homogene Textilstücke herstellen, die in gewünschter Weise sowohl weniger verformte Bereiche als auch stärker verformte Bereiche aufweisen. Möglichkeiten einer dreidimensionalen Formgebung bestehen darin, dass in mehreren Bereichen des Gestricks Maschen zu- und/oder abgenommen werden oder dass beim Stricken des Schuhs auf einer Strickmaschine Nadeln in bestimmten Bereichen des Gestricks inaktiviert werden, während mit den Nadeln in den anderen Bereichen weitergestrickt wird. Durch spätere Aktivierung dieser zuvor inaktivierten Nadeln erzielt man in den inaktivierten Bereich ein Zusammenziehen des Gestricks, was in gewünschter Weise zur Erzielung einer bestimmten Form genutzt werden kann.The degree of deformation is preferably controlled via the density, ie the mutual distance between the points at which the increase or decrease takes place. In this way, homogeneous textile pieces can be produced which, in the desired manner, have both less deformed areas and more deformed areas. Three-dimensional shaping options include increasing and / or decreasing stitches in several areas of the knitted fabric, or inactivating needles in certain areas of the knitted fabric when knitting the shoe on a knitting machine, while continuing to knit with the needles in the other areas. By later activating these previously inactivated needles a contraction of the knitted fabric in the inactivated area, which can be used in the desired manner to achieve a specific shape.
Eine verteilte Zunahme oder Abnahme von Maschen innerhalb der Gestricklagen des Gestricks lässt sich in besonders vorteilhafter Weise unter Verwendung von sog. Twinnadeln erzielen. Ist eine Reduzierung der Maschenzahl erwünscht, so strickt man lediglich mit einer A- oder B-Nadel der Twinnadel weiter. Hierdurch erhält man eine Reduzierung der Maschenzahl auf die Hälfte bei gleich bleibender Breite des aktiven Bereichs des Nadelbettes.A distributed increase or decrease in stitches within the knitted layers of the knitted fabric can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner using so-called twin needles. If you want to reduce the number of stitches, just continue knitting with an A or B needle on the twin needle. This results in a reduction in the number of stitches by half while the width of the active area of the needle bed remains the same.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schaft ist umlaufend geschlossen und wird so letztendlich mit einer Sohle verbunden.The upper according to the invention is closed all round and is thus ultimately connected to a sole.
Damit das Strick-Gewirke den hohen Belastungen widersteht, denen ein Schaft beim Tragen eines Schuhs normalerweise ausgesetzt ist, können in dem gestrickten Schaft Zonen erhöhter Formfestigkeit vorgesehen sein, indem an diesen Zonen stabilisierende Bestandteile wie z.B. Kette, Schussfäden, Pol-Steg, oder Flotte eingearbeitet werden und/oder indem an diesen Stellen mit einem sehr robusten und etwas stärkerem Material gestrickt wird.In order for the knitted fabric to withstand the high loads that a shaft is normally exposed to when wearing a shoe, zones of increased dimensional stability can be provided in the knitted shaft by stabilizing components, such as e.g. Chain, weft threads, pole bridge, or liquor are incorporated and / or by knitting at these points with a very robust and somewhat stronger material.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann ein solcher Stabilisator auch eine hochfeste Strickfaser sein, die im Bereich der besagten Zone als Strickfaden in das Gestrick eingearbeitet ist. Die durch oben beschriebenes Verfahren erfolgte dreidimensionale Formgebung des Schaftes wird durch den Stabilisator verbessert gehalten. Geeignete hochfeste Strickfasern sind bevorzugt aus Polyamid oder Polyester, können aber auch aus Leder sein.According to an advantageous embodiment, such a stabilizer can also be a high-strength knitting fiber which is incorporated into the knitted fabric as a knitting thread in the region of said zone. The three-dimensional shaping of the shaft, which was carried out by the method described above, is kept improved by the stabilizer. Suitable high-strength knitting fibers are preferably made of polyamide or polyester, but can also be made of leather.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann an dem Schaft zusätzlich eine textile Innensohle vernäht oder per Ultraschall angeschweißt werden. Die Innensohle kann natürlich auch gleich bei der Herstellung des Schaftes mit angestrickt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment, a textile insole can additionally be sewn onto the shaft or welded on by ultrasound. The insole can of course also be knitted in during the manufacture of the shaft.
Der erfindungsgemäße Schaft kann ferner integriert eingestrickte und vordefinierte Löcher für eine Schnürsenkelleiste umfassen. Die Schnürsenkellöcher sollten verstärkt sein, z.B. durch thermische Nachbearbeitung des Gestricks oder bevorzugt mit Klebe/Schmelzfaden und/oder durch dickes Umstricken. Anstatt der Schnürsenkellöcher sind auch Schlaufen/Tunnels möglich. Zur Schaftstabilisierung kann Harz nicht nur besprüht, sondern partiell als Pulver gleich mit eingestrickt werden. Diese kann bereits an den verstrickten Fasern anhaften.The shaft according to the invention can further comprise integrated, pre-defined holes for a lace band. The lace holes should be reinforced, e.g. by post-processing the knitted fabric or preferably with glue / fusion thread and / or by thick knitting. Instead of the shoelace holes, loops / tunnels are also possible. To stabilize the shaft, resin can not only be sprayed on, but also partially knitted in as a powder. This can already adhere to the knitted fibers.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird in dem doppellagigen Gestrick unter anderem eine thermisch verformbare Strickfaser verwendet, die nach thermischer Behandlung erhärtet wird und somit einen Stabilisator zum Erhalt der dreidimensionalen Form des Schaftes darstellt.In an advantageous embodiment, a thermally deformable knitted fiber is used in the double-layer knitted fabric, which is hardened after thermal treatment and thus represents a stabilizer for maintaining the three-dimensional shape of the shaft.
Eine Variante dieser Ausführungsform wird gebildet durch eine Doppellage des Gestricks, zwischen die ein Klebefaden eingeflottet oder anders eingearbeitet wird, wobei insbesondere nur diese Passagen getempert und dadurch verhärtet werden.A variant of this embodiment is formed by a double layer of the knitted fabric, between which an adhesive thread is inserted or otherwise worked in, in particular only these passages being tempered and thereby hardened.
Zur Stabilisierung kann der Schaft auch nachträglich, d.h. nach dem Stricken z.B. mit Harzen besprüht werden.For stabilization, the shaft can also be retrofitted, i.e. after knitting e.g. be sprayed with resins.
Vorzugsweise sind die Fasern, mit denen das doppellagige Gestrick des Schaftes gestrickt wird, hydrophob, kühlend, schmutzabweisend, oder nachleuchtend ausgerüstet, entsprechend den Anforderungen an den Schuh.The fibers with which the double-layer knitted fabric of the upper is knitted are preferably equipped with hydrophobic, cooling, dirt-repellent, or afterglow, in accordance with the requirements of the shoe.
Eine vorteilhafte Variante der Erfindung sieht vor, den Schaft unter anderem mit einer definiert nachschrumpfenden Faser zu fertigen, wobei der Schaft bei seiner Herstellung etwas größer konzipiert wird und nachfolgend in eine einer gewünschten Schuhgröße entsprechenden Form gelegt und sodann getempert wird. Diese durch Hitze oder Dampf vollzogene Temperung lässt das Textil schrumpfen, wodurch die gewünschte Schuhgröße realisiert wird. Durch den Schrumpfvorgang lässt sich auch beispielsweise eine höhere Dichte des Textils erzielen, wodurch die Stabilität des Schaftes nochmals erhöht oder eine verbesserte Wasserabweisung erzielt werden kann.
Ist der Schaft nach obigen Vorbildern gefertigt, wird nachfolgend die Laufsohle angesetzt und vorteilhaft durch Spritzverfahren festgelegt. Das Material der Laufsohle ist bevorzugt Polyurethan. Hinsichtlich der Form des Schuhs und insbesondere des Schaftes ist es denkbar, einen sog. Fünfzehen-Schuh zu formen, bei dem jede Zehe einzeln vom Schuh umhüllt ist. Ferner ist eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Abschlusspolsterkante aufweist.
Zur Herstellung des Schuhs kann die Sohle kann an den Schaft angespritzt, angenäht und/oder angeklebt werden.
Für den Fachmann ist klar, dass der erfindungsgemäße Schaft mitsamt allen Bestandteilen ein beliebiges Design haben kann. Es ist ferner möglich, eine Produktion vollautomatisch von der Scannung eines Kundenfußes bis zur Herstellung des Schuhs aufgrund der gewonnenen Scan-Daten zu gestalten.An advantageous variant of the invention provides for the shaft to be manufactured, inter alia, with a defined shrinking fiber, the shaft being designed somewhat larger in its manufacture and subsequently in a desired shoe size appropriate shape and then annealed. This tempering caused by heat or steam causes the textile to shrink, thereby realizing the desired shoe size. The shrinking process can also be used to achieve a higher density of the textile, for example, which further increases the stability of the shaft or improves water repellency.
If the upper is manufactured according to the above models, the outsole is subsequently attached and advantageously fixed by spraying. The material of the outsole is preferably polyurethane. With regard to the shape of the shoe and in particular the upper, it is conceivable to form a so-called five-toe shoe, in which each toe is individually encased by the shoe. Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment is characterized in that it has an end cushion edge.
To manufacture the shoe, the sole can be molded onto the upper, sewn on and / or glued on.
It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the shaft according to the invention, together with all components, can have any design. It is also possible to design a production fully automatically from the scanning of a customer's foot to the manufacture of the shoe on the basis of the scan data obtained.
Das Verfahren offenbart eine ökologische Herstellung eines Schuhs mit größter Variabilität einzelner Kundenwünsche und Anforderungen an den Schuh. Der fertige Schuh kann natürlich auch nachträglich bestickt oder bedruckt werden, um ihm ein gewünschtes Aussehen zu geben.
Es gibt mehrere Möglichkeiten den Schaft zu stricken. Bevorzugt in Längsrichtung lässt sich der Schaft ideal zonieren und durch Richtungswechsel der Bindungen/Zonen ein ergonomisches Konstrukt erreichen. Es gibt in diesem Sinne mehrere Möglichkeiten den Schuh zu ,stricken' - längs/quer/diagonal/kombiniert. Durch Spickeln lässt sich die Richtung des Maschenverlaufs ändern, was die Ausprägung individueller unterschiedlicher Zonen am Schuh ermöglicht.The method reveals an ecological production of a shoe with the greatest variability of individual customer wishes and requirements for the shoe. The finished shoe can of course also be embroidered or printed afterwards to give it the desired look.
There are several ways to knit the shaft. The shaft can be ideally zoned, preferably in the longitudinal direction, and an ergonomic construction can be achieved by changing the direction of the bindings / zones. In this sense, there are several options 'knit' the shoe - lengthways / crossways / diagonally / combined. The direction of the stitch course can be changed by puckering, which enables the development of individual different zones on the shoe.
Es ist auch möglich den Schaft quer zu stricken, in welchem Fall eine kurze Laufzeit erzielt wird. Zusatzteile, wie z.B. die Zunge, müssen jedoch eingenäht und der Schuh nach dem Stricken zusammengenäht werden.It is also possible to knit the shaft crosswise, in which case a short running time is achieved. Additional parts, such as the tongue, however, must be sewn in and the shoe sewn together after knitting.
Der Schuh wird vorzugsweise mit einer Kombination unterschiedlicher Bindungen - dick, dünn, weich, hart, semiflexibel, stabilisierend gestrickt.
Der Schaft wird vorzugsweise aus Bindungskombinationen gebildet, unter denen neben elastischen, dicken/dünnen Passagen auch Netzstrukturen und einflächige Gestrickabschnitte vorgesehen sein können, z.B. Netzmembranen, die auch die zugeordnete Zonenfunktion sichtbar machen.
Der Schaftabschluss sollte gepolstert sein. Üblicherweise werden hierzu volumige/weiche Füllfäden verwendet.
Die Zunge sollte ebenfalls weich/volumig ausgebildet werden - Schlaufen zur Fixierung des Schnürsenkels sind sinnvoll.
Die Schaftspitze sollte fest/hart ausgebildet werden, was z.B. durch eine thermische Nachbehandlung als auch durch Schmelzfäden erreichbar ist. Ab dem Zehenansatz kann das Gestrick dann dünn/weich ausgebildet sein.
Der untere Schaftrand muss zum Annähen einer Innensohle bevorzugt dünn und fest ausgebildet werden. Wenn die Innensohle bereits angestrickt ist, können Verankerungen (Tubus/Schlaufe) zum Anspritzen einer Außensohle hilfreich sein.The shoe is preferably knitted with a combination of different bindings - thick, thin, soft, hard, semi-flexible, stabilizing.
The shaft is preferably formed from binding combinations, under which, in addition to elastic, thick / thin passages, mesh structures and single-surface knitted sections can also be provided, for example mesh membranes, which also make the assigned zone function visible.
The shaft end should be padded. Bulky / soft filler threads are usually used for this.
The tongue should also be soft / voluminous - loops for fixing the laces are useful.
The tip of the shaft should be solid / hard, which can be achieved, for example, by thermal aftertreatment or by melting threads. From the base of the toe, the knitted fabric can then be thin / soft.
The lower edge of the upper must preferably be made thin and firm for sewing on an insole. If the insole is already knitted on, anchors (tube / loop) can be helpful for molding an outsole.
Vorzugsweise ist das den Schaft bildende einteilige Gestrick in drei Bereiche eingeteilt, die zwar einstückig miteinander verbunden sind, in denen aber unterschiedliche Materialien oder Stricktechniken angewandt werden:
- 1. Feste Bereiche
- 2. Elastische Bereiche
- 3. Normale Bereiche
- 1. Fixed areas
- 2. Elastic areas
- 3. Normal areas
Vorzugsweise werden die festen Bereiche im vorderen und hinteren Kappenbereich des Schaftes, insbesondere an den Kappenrändern, die mit der Sohle zu verbinden sind, vorgesehen. Ein derartiger fester Bereich kann auch im Randbereich des Schaftes am Innenrist vorgesehen werden, wo eine Abstützfunktion für das Fußgewölbe an der Innenseite des Fußes gewünscht wird.The fixed areas are preferably provided in the front and rear cap area of the upper, in particular on the cap edges which are to be connected to the sole. Such a fixed area can also be provided in the edge area of the shaft on the inner instep, where a support function for the arch of the foot on the inside of the foot is desired.
Die elastischen Bereiche werden insbesondere am oberen Kappenabschluß vorgesehen, wo eine elastische Anlage des Schaftes an das Fußgelenk bzw. im Knöchelbereich des Fußes gewünscht ist, als auch in der Mitte des Vorderblattes.The elastic areas are provided in particular at the upper cap end, where elastic contact of the shaft with the ankle or in the ankle area of the foot is desired, and also in the middle of the front sheet.
Alle anderen Bereiche, die nicht durch die festen und elastischen Bereiche gebildet sind, sind die normalen Bereiche. Hier ist eine gute Anpassung an den Fuß und eine möglichst gute Atmungsaktivität gefragt.All other areas that are not formed by the solid and elastic areas are the normal areas. This requires good adaptation to the foot and the best possible breathability.
Für die festen Bereiche werden vorzugsweise feste Gestricke verwendet, in denen wenigstens eine der folgenden Techniken zur Verfestigung des Gestricks angewendet werden:
- versetzten Bindungen unterschiedlicher Ausprägung (z.B. basierend auf einer Interlockbindung 1x1 versetzt vorne/hinten abwechselnd gestrickt),
- in das Gestrick werden Schuß- und/oder Kettfäden als zusätzlicher Stabilisator eingearbeitet
- das Gestrick wird eng/fest gestrickt,
- in der Innenlage wird mit einem Faden gestrickt, der einen Gummifadenanteil aufweist,
- die Verbindung zwischen Aussenlage und Innenlage wird entweder über eine zusätzliche Zwischenlage als Verbindung, z.B. als polartige Struktur, oder als (nicht sichtbare) Fangverbindung zur jeweils anderen Lage realisiert.
- staggered bindings of different types (e.g. based on an interlock binding 1x1 staggered alternately front / back),
- weft and / or warp threads are incorporated into the knitted fabric as an additional stabilizer
- the knitted fabric is knitted tightly,
- the inner layer is knitted with a thread that has a rubber thread portion,
- the connection between the outer layer and the inner layer is realized either via an additional intermediate layer as a connection, for example as a pole-like structure, or as a (not visible) catch connection to the other layer.
Diese Techniken können auch kombiniert werden, um den stabilisierenden Effekt zu verstärken.These techniques can also be combined to enhance the stabilizing effect.
Für die Herstellung der elastischen Bereiche wird vorzugsweise wenigstens eine der folgenden Stricktechniken angewandt:
- Einarbeitung eines zumindest partiell eingearbeiteten Gummifadens bzw. dehnbaren Fadens in die Bindung,
- Verbindung des Gummifadens mit der Aussenlage über Fang oder Masche,
- partiell kann ein auf der inneren Gestricklage eingearbeiteter Gummifaden auch auf der Aussenseite sichtbar gemacht werden, wodurch die Elastizität erhöht werden kann,
- die Innenlage kann zur Steuerung der Flexibilität aus Elastikfäden unterschiedlicher Zugkraft und in Kombination hochfester Fasern kombiniert werden.
- der Knöchelabschluss (oberer Schaftabschluss) kann durch Füllfäden aus elastischen Garnen sowohl hochelastisch als auch weich gestaltet werden.
- Incorporation of an at least partially incorporated rubber thread or stretchable thread into the binding,
- Connection of the rubber thread with the outer layer via catch or stitch,
- partially a rubber thread incorporated into the inner layer of knitted fabric can also be made visible on the outside, whereby the elasticity can be increased,
- the inner layer can be combined to control flexibility from elastic threads of different tensile strength and in combination with high-strength fibers.
- the ankle end (upper end of the shaft) can be designed to be both highly elastic and soft using filling threads made of elastic yarns.
In den normalen Bereichen, die nicht durch die festen oder elastischen Bereiche gebildet werden, werden vorzugsweise folgende Gestricke bzw. Gestricktechniken eingesetzt:
- Lochstrukturen im Zweilagenaufbau,
- Netzstrukturen im Zweilagenaufbau,
- Perforated structures in a two-layer structure,
- Network structures in a two-layer structure,
Um den Tragkomfort des Schuhs zu erhöhen, kann insbesondere die Innenlage weich gehalten werden. Mögliche Techniken sind hier:
- zwischen die Innen- und Außenlage wird ein voluminöser Füllfaden gepackt, der als Teilschuss/Flotte mit Fang eingebunden oder einfach eingelegt wird.
- eine Polbindungen wird verwendet, bei welcher der Faden in unterschiedlichen Winkeln zwischen den Lagen zickzack eingelegt und entweder mit Fang oder vermascht verankert wird,
- es werden lockere Maschen mit langen Flottfäden oder aufgelegte Maschenhenkel (Frottee) verwendet.
- a voluminous filler thread is packed between the inner and outer layer, which is integrated as a partial weft / fleet with catch or simply inserted.
- a pile weave is used in which the thread is inserted zigzag at different angles between the layers and anchored either with catch or mesh,
- loose stitches with long floats or attached loops (terry cloth) are used.
Nachfolgend wir die Erfindung beispielsweise anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen beschrieben. In dieser zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine dreidimensionale Darstellung eines einteilig gestrickten Schuhs mit einer Sohle,
- Figur 2a-e
- fünf Maschenbilder für zweilagige Gestricke zur Bildung des einteiligen Schaftes, und
- Figur 3a-e
- fünf weitere Maschenbilder zur Herstellung eines mehrlagigen einteiligen Gestricks für den Schaft des Schuhs aus
Figur 1 .
- Figure 1
- a three-dimensional representation of a one-piece knitted shoe with a sole,
- Figure 2a-e
- five stitch patterns for two-layer knitted fabrics to form the one-piece shaft, and
- Figure 3a-e
- five more stitch patterns to produce a multi-layer one-piece knitted fabric for the upper of the shoe
Figure 1 .
Vorzugsweise ist in dem Gestrick im Bereich der Vorderkappe 20 und der Fersenkappe 22 ein Thermofaden mit eingestrickt. Nach einer Temperierung bildet der Thermofaden in dem Gestrick einen verstärkten eher starren Bereich. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Stabilisierung in dem einteilig gestrickten Schaft 12 an Beanspruchungsstellen verbessern. Zusätzlich können vorzugsweise der obere Abschluss 24 und der vordere Außenristbereich 26 mit einem gegenüber dem sonstigen Material 28 verstärkten oder stärkeren gummielastischen Faden gestrickt sein, so dass in diesen Bereichen die Elastizität erhöht wird. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Schuh wird eine enge Anlage des Schaftes 12 am Fuß erzielt und damit eine hohe Laufeffizienz. Die Erfindung eignet sich deshalb insbesondere für jede Art von Laufschuh.A thermal thread is preferably knitted into the knitted fabric in the area of the
Die
Schließlich zeigt
Jedes der in den Maschenbildern gezeigte doppellagige Gestrick 30, 33, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 kann als Gestrick 28 des Schaftes aus
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt sondern kann innerhalb des Schutzbereichs der nachfolgenden Ansprüche beliebig variiert werden. Der Faden kann jeder herkömmliche Textilfaden, z. B. ein PE- oder PA-Faden oder jedes herkömmliche Textilgarn sein. Der Faden kann ummantelt oder als Hybrid gestrickt sein. Auf diese Weise können die Eigenschaften des Fadens auf die Funktion des Fadens im Schaft eingestellt werden.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, but can be varied as desired within the scope of the following claims. The thread can be any conventional textile thread, e.g. B. a PE or PA thread or any conventional textile yarn. The thread can be covered or knitted as a hybrid. In this way, the properties of the thread can be adjusted to the function of the thread in the shaft.
Claims (7)
- A shoe comprising an upper (12) consisting of a three-dimensional knitted fabric (28) which has two interconnected knitted fabric layers (35, 37), in which upper the outer fabric layer (35) facing the upper exterior has a greater surface area than the inner fabric layer (37) facing the upper interior, characterized in that the two fabric layers (35, 37) are interconnected by a filler/standing thread, which is partially intermeshed or tucked in different densities/needle spacings.
- The shoe according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer fabric layer (35) is composed of a stronger thread (32) than the inner fabric layer (37).
- The shoe according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that weft and/or warp threads are arranged in the outer fabric layer (35) and/or inner fabric layer (37) or between said layers.
- The shoe according to Claim 3, characterized in that the weft and/or warp threads are greater in number and/or strength in the outer fabric layer than in the inner fabric layer.
- The shoe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that loops are tucked in the outer fabric layer (35), which tuck loops in the outer fabric layer are provided in addition to the corresponding loops of the inner fabric layer (37).
- The shoe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer fabric layer (35) contains more loops than the inner fabric layer (37).
- The shoe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thermoformable thread (96) is interknitted and/or interwoven as a weft and/or warp thread in the outer fabric layer (35) or between both fabric layers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102013107800.1A DE102013107800A1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Production of a shoe with a shaft of a three-dimensionally shaped knit fabric |
PCT/EP2014/065755 WO2015011156A1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2014-07-22 | Production of a shoe comprising an upper which consists of a three-dimensional knitted fabric |
Publications (2)
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EP3024349A1 EP3024349A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
EP3024349B1 true EP3024349B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
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EP14742211.7A Active EP3024349B1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2014-07-22 | Production of a shoe comprising an upper which consists of a three-dimensional knitted fabric |
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EP (1) | EP3024349B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013107800A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015011156A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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GB2609956A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-22 | Prevayl Innovations Ltd | Fabric article and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (8)
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WO2016168046A2 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-10-20 | Nike Innovate C.V. | Article of footwear incorporating a knitted component having floated portions |
DE102016102792A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Visiotex GmbH | Shoe made of a two-ply textile material |
DE102016005593A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | Ulmer Strickdesign GmbH | Molded fabric with 3D surface texture |
FR3082103B1 (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2020-08-28 | Decathlon Sa | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SHOE, AND SHOE LIKELY TO BE OBTAINED BY LEDIT PROCEDE |
CN112335996A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-09 | 株式会社爱世克私 | Shoe, shoe manufacturing method, and shoe upper manufacturing method |
JP6744677B1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-08-19 | 株式会社キタイ | Manufacturing method of custom order shoes |
DE102020106619A1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-16 | Ulmer Strickdesign GmbH | MOUTH-NOSE-PROTECTIVE MASK, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MOUTH-NOSE-PROTECTIVE MASK AND DATA SET |
DE102020211263A1 (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-03-10 | Adidas Ag | Article comprising a knit element |
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EP0617152A1 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-09-28 | TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH | Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications |
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JPS6325004U (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1988-02-18 | ||
DE19855542A1 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Keiper Recaro Gmbh Co | Stabilization of a knitted fabric with thermal material |
DE10102111A1 (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2002-07-25 | Bernhard Schneider | Dimensional material, of spaced knitted fabrics, has introduced special yarns at given zones to give a structured shape through heat shrinking |
US7774956B2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2010-08-17 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear having a flat knit upper construction or other upper construction |
US8490299B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2013-07-23 | Nike, Inc. | Article of footwear having an upper incorporating a knitted component |
DE202010009276U1 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-09-16 | Kobleder Vermögensverwaltung GmbH | Molded shoe insert with integrated padding |
US20120255201A1 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-11 | Dashamerica, Inc. D/B/A Pearl Izumi Usa, Inc. | Seamless upper for footwear and method for making the same |
-
2013
- 2013-07-22 DE DE102013107800.1A patent/DE102013107800A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2014
- 2014-07-22 WO PCT/EP2014/065755 patent/WO2015011156A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-07-22 EP EP14742211.7A patent/EP3024349B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
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DE4008057A1 (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-19 | Stoll & Co H | KNITTED PATTERN |
EP0617152A1 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-09-28 | TECNIT-Technische Textilien und Systeme GmbH | Face-to-face fabric with variable trickness, process of manufacturing and applications |
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GB2609956A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-22 | Prevayl Innovations Ltd | Fabric article and method of making the same |
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