EP3022405A1 - Dismantling device for blades and corresponding dismantling method - Google Patents

Dismantling device for blades and corresponding dismantling method

Info

Publication number
EP3022405A1
EP3022405A1 EP14747094.2A EP14747094A EP3022405A1 EP 3022405 A1 EP3022405 A1 EP 3022405A1 EP 14747094 A EP14747094 A EP 14747094A EP 3022405 A1 EP3022405 A1 EP 3022405A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
ring
blades
blade
holding element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14747094.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3022405B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Marie FRAUCA
Yann MERSCHAERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA Services SA
SNECMA SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA Services SA, SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA Services SA
Publication of EP3022405A1 publication Critical patent/EP3022405A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3022405B1 publication Critical patent/EP3022405B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/70—Disassembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/60—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for removing at least one blade of a turbine; a system for removing at least one blade of a turbine, a method of mounting such a dispensing device and also a method of removing at least one turbine blade.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the field of aircraft engine turbines, and in particular high pressure turbines.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a general section of an aircraft engine and the different parts of said engine.
  • the air entering through the air intake of the ADMISSION part of the cold section is compressed in a compressor (COMPRESSION part in Figure 1) before being mixed with a fuel and burned in one of the combustion chambers of the COMBUSTION part.
  • the hot gases produced in the combustion chamber reach the vanes of the turbine and drive the turbine (or several turbines) and are ejected at the EXHAUST portion of the engine which generates a thrust causing the aircraft.
  • a turbine stage generally consists of a fixed blade followed by a moving blade.
  • a turbine may comprise one or more stages. The invention relates more particularly to the removal of the mobile blade of the turbine.
  • the axis of insertion of the vanes in the cells of the turbine in which they are received is inclined relative to the motor axis to help maintain the vanes between them during the high speed rotation of the turbine , the blades are deposited progressively and radially in ellipse.
  • the inclination of the axis of insertion of the blades with respect to the motor axis can be about thirty degrees for example.
  • FIG. 2 shows the inclination of an angle a of the insertion axis Xi of a blade A with respect to the shaft of the turbine Ar (turbine shaft and motor shaft coincide).
  • a sealing liner is furthermore generally inserted between two successive blades in order to reduce almost completely the clearance between the vanes.
  • the withdrawal is gradual, i.e. dawn after dawn, small distance a short distance until each dawn is maintained only a few millimeters in the cell in which his foot is inserted. These few millimeters, for example two millimeters, allow to have a sufficient clearance between the blades to extract them one by one.
  • the invention aims to remedy all or part of the disadvantages of the state of the art identified above, and in particular to propose means for to make it possible to secure the removal of the blades by limiting as much as possible the risk of falling blades during operation in the horizontal position of the engine.
  • an aspect of the invention relates to a device for depositing at least one blade of a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of vanes, said device comprising:
  • a holding member comprising:
  • the fixing means for fixing the holding element on a shaft of the turbine, the fixing means providing a pivot connection between the holding element and the turbine shaft,
  • Such a device advantageously allows to block, preferably axially, ie in a direction parallel to the shaft of the turbine, the blades of the turbine when they are no longer retained in their respective cells by a few millimeters ie when they are ready to be filed.
  • a turbine blade to fall just before removal in itself (withdrawal of the blade of its alveolus).
  • the removal opening may be a notch formed in the holding member.
  • the sizing of the dispensing aperture is related to the height of the portion of the blade taken in its cell to ensure its extraction from said cell.
  • the removal opening makes it possible to get rid of hazards specific to the environment where the removal of the blade of the horizontal type of the engine or module takes place, risk of contact between operators and therefore a fall of one or several blades, small shocks or repeated efforts to exit each dawn of his home, possible instability of the ground, shocks on the engine.
  • the holding element is preferably fixed to the hub / trunnion of the turbine.
  • an angular position of the holding member can be done by rotating the holding member manually around the shaft of the turbine due to the pivot connection.
  • the setting compared to the opening of deposit with the dawn to deposit allows an operator to access this blade which is not blocked by the blocking surface.
  • the other blades are maintained thanks to the blocking surface and are not likely to drop in the event of a jolt, mishandling or other accident.
  • the device according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to the technically possible combinations:
  • the removal opening is at the periphery of the holding element.
  • the removal opening is thus preferably located at the right of the root of the blade to be extracted and the part of the holding element serving as a holding stop, ie the surface of blocking;
  • the holding element comprises at least one access opening allowing an operator to access an area of the defined space facing the blocking surface.
  • the holding member may include a plurality of access openings distributed over the holding member. They allow an operator to manually access the turbine blades to facilitate their extraction of the cells;
  • the holding member is a ring
  • the fixing means comprise a first ring, a second ring, the superposition of the first and second rings forming a circular groove for holding the holding member and for the rotational drive of the holding member relative to the tree of the turbine.
  • the holding element is thus sandwiched between the first and second rings in the circular groove thus formed and which contributes to both its maintenance and the realization of the pivot connection between the holding member and the shaft of the turbine.
  • the first ring can be made integral in rotation with the turbine shaft and the second ring be fixed to the first ring;
  • the first ring has an outer surface, said outer surface facing the locking surface and said outer surface having a projection shoulder whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the first ring.
  • the protruding shoulder advantageously contributes to the centering of the holding element relative to the turbine shaft and the blades.
  • the shoulder is preferably circular when the holding member is a ring;
  • the blocking surface comprises at least one stop allowing an adjustment of the blocking of the blades.
  • the stop advantageously makes it possible to adjust the axial blocking of the blades.
  • the thickness of the stop i.e. its dimension according to the shaft of the turbine, is preferably equal to the critical value before unchecking. This critical value corresponds to the length of the dawn foot necessarily still in its cell beyond which the slightest jolt causes a fall of the dawn and beyond which the play between blades is sufficient to be able to deposit them one to a.
  • the sealing liner is a damping shim between each blade. ; and
  • the dispensing aperture is adapted to the passage of a blade of a high-pressure turbine turbine of an aircraft.
  • the dimensions of the dispensing aperture are calculated to allow the passage of such a blade, and preferably only one.
  • the invention also relates to a system for depositing at least one blade of a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of N blades, said system comprising a dispensing device according to one of the previously described embodiments, a shaft of the turbine, the first ring being fixed to the shaft of the turbine so that it is integral in rotation with the shaft of the turbine and the holding member being free to rotate relative to the turbine shaft in the circular groove.
  • the invention also relates to a method of mounting a dispensing device according to one of the embodiments previously described on a turbine shaft, said method comprising:
  • the method according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to the technically possible combinations:
  • the step of fixing the first ring is done on an apparent surface element of the turbine shaft, said shaft of the turbine being a trunnion;
  • the step of fixing the second ring is done by means of thumb screws.
  • the use of thumb screws facilitates the use of the device. Indeed, it is not necessary to have clamping tools for assembly / disassembly. Such a type of screw can also be used for fixing the first ring to the shaft of the turbine.
  • the method may also include an additional step of placing a sleeve or rigid cover to protect the shaft of the turbine and more particularly its trunnion if despite the device a dawn was still falling on the trunnion which would require its replacement.
  • the invention also relates to a method of depositing at least one turbine blade, said turbine comprising a set of blades, said method comprising:
  • a mounting step of a dispensing device according to one of the embodiments previously described on a shaft of the turbine; a step of partially extracting the set of blades by means of access via either the dispensing opening or the access opening;
  • An operator to access the vanes and extract them partially gradually, in ellipse of their respective cells can either help with the opening of removal, and in this case rotate the holding element to put in relation the opening of deposit of each dawn little by little; either use the access opening, or the plurality of access openings.
  • For the removal of a blade it is necessary to place the removal aperture facing this blade in order to be able to pass through it, otherwise it is blocked by the blocking surface.
  • the method according to the invention may have the following additional characteristic: the partial extraction step is performed by a plurality of successive axial displacements of each of the blades of the blade assembly so as to position said vanes abutting against the blocking surface.
  • the partial extraction is done by dawn by rotating all along the turbine and by repeating this operation until the blade dimension, and more particularly the blade root, outside the corresponding cell is sufficient for the game between blades allows the removal of a blade. In this case, the blades are in abutment against the blocking surface.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a turbine engine
  • FIG. 5A a side view of a turbine shaft and a first ring secured to the turbine shaft according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 5B a front view of a first ring according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6A a side view of a turbine shaft, a first ring secured to the turbine shaft and a holding member positioned on the first ring according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 6B a front view of a holding member according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7A a side view of a dispensing system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7B a front view of a second ring according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of an aircraft engine
  • FIGS 3 and 4 is illustrated a system for removing a blade A of a turbine, the turbine comprising a set of vanes A.
  • the dispensing system comprises a dispensing device 1 and a turbine shaft Ar , here a trunnion.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the depositing system in a vertical configuration of the turbine.
  • This type of configuration is generally adopted for the set of blades.
  • the vanes being deposited axially in their respective cells (cells not visible in the photo) along the axis X1, it is visible that in this so-called vertical configuration, no risk of falling in case of shock, shock is to be feared.
  • the blades are placed (and deposited) gradually, one after the other, elliptically millimeters by millimeters. In the vertical configuration, a blade whose foot is inserted only one or two millimeters into its cell will not fall.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the removal system of Figure 1 in a horizontal configuration of the turbine. This configuration is generally used for in-situ blade removal. In this configuration, a blade whose foot is inserted only one or two millimeters into its cell, just before removal (which is the total extraction of the blade of its cell along the axis X2) may fall without the removal device 1 whose operation will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
  • the holding member is a ring.
  • Figure 5A illustrates a first ring 1 21 fixed to the shaft Ar of the turbine and thus secured in rotation with the shaft Ar of the turbine. It is fixed by means of a system 3 with screws and nuts to the shaft of the turbine Ar and more particularly to an apparent surface element 21 of the Ar shaft.
  • the first ring 1 21 has a shoulder 1 21 2 on the outer surface 1 21 1 of the first ring 121.
  • FIG. 5B represents the first ring 1 21. It has holes 3 of the screw system and nuts for fixing the first ring to the turbine shaft. Also visible are passage holes 4 of a system for fixing a second ring to the first ring.
  • the first ring has a shoulder 1 21 2 projecting on the outer surface 1 21 1 of the first ring.
  • the outer surface 1 21 1 is the surface that will be facing the locking surface of the holding member once the latter positioned relative to the first ring January 21 and will be described with reference to the following figures.
  • the shoulder 1 21 2 is circular and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the first ring. Its function is to allow the positioning of the holding element and its centering.
  • Figure 6A illustrates a holding member 1 1 positioned on the shoulder 1 21 2 of the first ring January 21, the first ring being fixed to the shaft Ar of the turbine. Thus positioned, the radial movements of the holding member January 1 are blocked. In addition, the axial movements towards the motor of the holding element January 1 are blocked by the surface S of the first ring against which it bears.
  • the holding element comprises a blocking surface 1 1 1 whose function is to block the vanes A in axial translation along their insertion axis in their respective cells in the direction of their removal, ie their extraction from alveoli.
  • This axis is inclined relative to the shaft of the turbine Ar, which is the axis of rotation of the motor. This inclination has the function of allowing the maintenance of the blades during the high speed rotation of the turbine.
  • Figure 6B shows the holding element 1 1.
  • the blocking surface 1 1 1 is constituted by the assembly of the holding member except the opening 1 1 2 deposition, which is a notch in this embodiment.
  • the removal aperture 1 1 2 is here at the periphery of the holding element 1 1, so the removal aperture 1 1 2 is also open towards the outside of the periphery of the holding element 1 1 and has this form of notch and can pass thus only the foot of the dawn.
  • the holding member 1 1 of Figure 6B has five access openings 1 1 3. These access openings 1 1 3 allow an operator to access, for example by means of his thumb, to a zone of the space 1 14 defined opposite the blocking surface (refer to FIG. 6A) so as to catch the foot of the blade in order to partially extract the blade. This partial extraction can also be performed by means of the opening 1 1 2 deposition, but in this case, it is necessary to rotate the holding element each time to put the opening of 1 1 2 deposit opposite each dawn , one after the other.
  • Figure 7A illustrates the removal system, once a second ring 122 attached to the first ring 1 21 by means of wing screws 4, chosen for their ease of tightening / loosening.
  • the superposition of the first ring 121 and the second ring 1 22 forms a circular groove 1 23 for holding and the rotational drive of the holding member 1 1 relative to the shaft of the turbine Ar.
  • the circular groove is formed by the shoulder 1 21 2 of the first ring, the outer surface 1 21 1 of the first ring. view of the blocking surface 1 1 1 of the holding element and the second ring 1 22.
  • the holding member 1 1 comprises a stop 1 1 1 1 on the locking surface 1 1 1.
  • This abutment makes it possible to adjust the axial retention of the blades and the dimensioning of this abutment is a function of the distance from which the vanes of their cells must be partially extracted before they can be deposited by the removal aperture 1 1 2.
  • the first ring / second ring assembly forms the fastening means 12 of the holding member 1 1 on the Ar shaft of the turbine. Thanks to the circular groove formed by the superimposition of the first and second ring in which the holding element is located, a pivot connection is formed between the holding element and the shaft Ar of the turbine.
  • Figure 7B illustrates the second ring 122 having passage holes 5 for thumb screws 4 for fixing the second ring to the first ring.
  • the operator rotates the holding element. around the shaft of the turbine in order to bring the dispensing opening facing each blade to be deposited in order to extract it completely from its cell by passing it through the dispensing opening since it is no longer blocked by the locking surface of the holding element.
  • the holding element having several angular positions depending on the blade to be deposited.
  • the blocking surface ensures the maintenance of the blades not deposited safely.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for dismantling a blade from a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of blades, said device comprising: a holding element (11) comprising: a blocking surface (111); a dismantling opening (112); - means of attaching the holding element (11) to a shaft of the turbine, the attachment means producing a pivot connection between the holding element (11) and the shaft of the turbine, the defining of an angular position of the holding element (11) allowing a first function of dismantling at least one blade facing the dismantling opening (112) to be carried out and allowing a second function of blocking a set of blades facing the blocking surface to be carried out.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE DÉPOSE POUR AUBES ET PROCÉDÉ DE DÉPOSE CORRESPONDANT  REMOVAL DEVICE FOR AUBES AND CORRESPONDING REMOVAL METHOD
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001 ] L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de dépose d'au moins une aube d'une turbine ; à un système de dépose d'au moins une aube d'une turbine, à un procédé de montage d'un tel dispositif de dépose et également à un procédé de dépose d'au moins une aube de turbine.  The invention relates to a device for removing at least one blade of a turbine; a system for removing at least one blade of a turbine, a method of mounting such a dispensing device and also a method of removing at least one turbine blade.
[0002 ] L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement au domaine des turbines de moteur d'aéronefs, et en particulier des turbines haute pression. ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURE  The invention relates more particularly to the field of aircraft engine turbines, and in particular high pressure turbines. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
[0003 ] La figure 1 illustre de façon schématique une coupe générale d'un moteur d'aéronef et les différentes parties dudit moteur. L'air entrant par l'entrée d'air de la partie ADMISSION de la section froide est comprimé dans un compresseur (partie COMPRESSION sur la figure 1 ) avant d'être mélangé à un carburant et brûlé dans une des chambres de combustion de la partie COMBUSTION. Les gaz chauds produits dans la chambre de combustion atteignent les aubes de la turbine et entraînent la turbine (ou plusieurs turbines) puis sont éjectés au niveau de la partie ECHAPPEMENT du moteur ce qui engendre une poussée entraînant l'aéronef. Un étage de turbine est généralement constitué d'un aubage fixe suivi d'un aubage mobile. Une turbine peut comporter un ou plusieurs étages. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement la dépose de l'aubage mobile de la turbine.  [0003] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a general section of an aircraft engine and the different parts of said engine. The air entering through the air intake of the ADMISSION part of the cold section is compressed in a compressor (COMPRESSION part in Figure 1) before being mixed with a fuel and burned in one of the combustion chambers of the COMBUSTION part. The hot gases produced in the combustion chamber reach the vanes of the turbine and drive the turbine (or several turbines) and are ejected at the EXHAUST portion of the engine which generates a thrust causing the aircraft. A turbine stage generally consists of a fixed blade followed by a moving blade. A turbine may comprise one or more stages. The invention relates more particularly to the removal of the mobile blade of the turbine.
[0004 ] Des opérations de maintenance sur ces moteurs d'aéronefs s'effectuent lorsque le moteur est à l'horizontale avec sa turbine, contrairement aux opérations initiales d'assemblage qui sont généralement réalisées à la verticale. Ainsi la dépose des aubes mobiles de la turbine HP s'effectue généralement in situ, i.e. lorsque le moteur reste à l'horizontale avec sa turbine.  Maintenance operations on these aircraft engines are carried out when the engine is horizontal with its turbine, unlike initial assembly operations which are generally carried out vertically. Thus the removal of the blades of the HP turbine is generally performed in situ, i.e. when the engine remains horizontal with its turbine.
[0005 ] L'axe d'insertion des aubes dans les alvéoles de la turbine dans lesquelles elles sont reçues étant incliné par rapport à l'axe moteur afin de contribuer au maintien des aubes entre elles lors de la rotation à grande vitesse de la turbine, la dépose des aubes se fait progressivement et radialement en ellipse. L'inclinaison de l'axe d'insertion des aubes par rapport à l'axe moteur peut être d'une trentaine de degrés par exemple. La figure 2 permet de visualiser l'inclinaison d'un angle a de l'axe d'insertion Xi d'une aube A par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine Ar (arbre de la turbine et axe moteur sont confondus). The axis of insertion of the vanes in the cells of the turbine in which they are received is inclined relative to the motor axis to help maintain the vanes between them during the high speed rotation of the turbine , the blades are deposited progressively and radially in ellipse. The inclination of the axis of insertion of the blades with respect to the motor axis can be about thirty degrees for example. FIG. 2 shows the inclination of an angle a of the insertion axis Xi of a blade A with respect to the shaft of the turbine Ar (turbine shaft and motor shaft coincide).
[ 0006] La dépose des aubes, tout comme la pose, se fait progressivement du fait de la géométrie des pieds d'aubes (à cause de l'inclinaison par rapport à l'axe moteur mentionnée précédemment) et du jeu très faible, voire quasiment inexistant entre les aubes. Une chemise d'étanchéité est en outre généralement intercalée entre deux aubes successives afin de réduire quasiment à néant le jeu entre les aubes. Le retrait se fait progressivement, i.e. aube après aube, petite distance par petite distance jusqu'à ce que chaque aube ne soit plus maintenue que par quelques millimètres dans l'alvéole dans laquelle son pied est inséré. Ces quelques millimètres, par exemple deux millimètres, permettent d'avoir un jeu suffisant entre les aubes pour pouvoir les extraire une à une. The removal of the blades, as the laying, is done gradually because of the geometry of the blade roots (because of the inclination relative to the motor axis mentioned above) and the game very low, even almost nonexistent between the blades. A sealing liner is furthermore generally inserted between two successive blades in order to reduce almost completely the clearance between the vanes. The withdrawal is gradual, i.e. dawn after dawn, small distance a short distance until each dawn is maintained only a few millimeters in the cell in which his foot is inserted. These few millimeters, for example two millimeters, allow to have a sufficient clearance between the blades to extract them one by one.
[ 0007 ] Lors de leur retrait progressif, il arrive un moment où toutes les aubes sont maintenues par seulement quelques millimètres dans leurs alvéoles respectives. Ce moment est critique du fait de la position horizontale de la turbine. En effet, les aubes étant retenues dans leurs alvéoles respectives par seulement quelques millimètres, la dépose finale qui consiste à extraire complètement l'une après l'autre chacune des aubes de leur alvéole respective (ou bien une seule aube si une seule aube doit être déposée) doit intervenir rapidement et avec suffisamment de sécurité de façon à maintenir l'intégrité du matériel. Il est à noter que généralement les turbines comportent plusieurs dizaines d'aubes et une voire deux personnes au maximum participent à l'opération de dépose. Il n'est donc pas possible pour une personne de maintenir toutes les aubes en même temps. During their gradual withdrawal, there comes a time when all the blades are maintained by only a few millimeters in their respective cells. This moment is critical because of the horizontal position of the turbine. Indeed, the blades being retained in their respective cells by only a few millimeters, the final removal which consists in completely extracting one after the other each blade of their respective cell (or a single blade if a single blade must be filed) must respond quickly and with sufficient security to maintain the integrity of the equipment. It should be noted that generally the turbines have several dozen blades and one or two people at most participate in the removal operation. It is therefore not possible for a person to maintain all the blades at the same time.
[0008 ] En cas de fausse manœuvre, de choc, de vibration, par exemple, une partie des aubes risque de tomber et de se détériorer ou bien encore de choquer et d'abimer d'autres pièces du moteur comme le tourillon proche des aubes. La détérioration la plus minime de ce type de pièce nécessite son changement ce qui a pour conséquence d'engendrer des coûts importants. EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION In case of wrong maneuver, shock, vibration, for example, a portion of the blades may fall and deteriorate or even to shock and damage other engine parts as the trunnion close to the blades . The slightest deterioration of this type of room necessitates its change, which results in significant costs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] L'invention vise à remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'état de la technique identifiés ci-dessus, et notamment à proposer des moyens pour permettre de sécuriser la dépose des aubes en limitant au maximum le risque de chute d'aubes lors d'opération en position horizontale du moteur. The invention aims to remedy all or part of the disadvantages of the state of the art identified above, and in particular to propose means for to make it possible to secure the removal of the blades by limiting as much as possible the risk of falling blades during operation in the horizontal position of the engine.
[0010] Dans ce dessein, un aspect de l'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de dépose d'au moins une aube d'une turbine, ladite turbine comportant un ensemble d'aubes, ledit dispositif comportant : In this design, an aspect of the invention relates to a device for depositing at least one blade of a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of vanes, said device comprising:
un élément de maintien comportant :  a holding member comprising:
une surface de blocage ;  a blocking surface;
une ouverture de dépose ;  a removal opening;
des moyens de fixation de l'élément de maintien sur un arbre de la turbine, les moyens de fixation réalisant une liaison pivot entre l'élément de maintien et l'arbre de la turbine,  means for fixing the holding element on a shaft of the turbine, the fixing means providing a pivot connection between the holding element and the turbine shaft,
la définition d'une position angulaire de l'élément de maintien permettant la réalisation d'une première fonction de dépose d'au moins une aube en regard de l'ouverture de dépose et la réalisation d'une seconde fonction de blocage d'un ensemble d'aubes en regard de la surface de blocage. the definition of an angular position of the holding element allowing the realization of a first function of depositing at least one blade opposite the opening of deposit and the realization of a second blocking function of a set of vanes facing the blocking surface.
[0011] Un tel dispositif permet avantageusement de bloquer, de préférentiellement axialement, i.e. selon une direction parallèle à l'arbre de la turbine, les aubes de la turbine lorsque celles-ci ne sont plus retenues dans leurs alvéoles respectives que par quelques millimètres i.e. lorsqu'elles sont prêtes à être déposées. Ainsi lors de la dépose in situ, lorsque le moteur est à l'horizontale avec sa turbine, il n'y a plus de risque pour une aube de turbine de tomber juste avant la dépose en elle-même (retrait de l'aube de son alvéole).  Such a device advantageously allows to block, preferably axially, ie in a direction parallel to the shaft of the turbine, the blades of the turbine when they are no longer retained in their respective cells by a few millimeters ie when they are ready to be filed. Thus during the in situ removal, when the engine is horizontal with its turbine, there is more risk for a turbine blade to fall just before removal in itself (withdrawal of the blade of its alveolus).
[0012] Ainsi un opérateur seul, peut travailleur sur la turbine et dégager partiellement, graduellement et en ellipse chacune des aubes sans avoir à les tenir manuellement lorsqu'elles ne sont plus retenues que par quelques millimètres dans leurs alvéoles respectives. La surface de blocage empêche les aubes de tomber. Thus an operator alone, can work on the turbine and partially disengage, gradually and ellipse each blade without having to hold them manually when they are no longer retained by a few millimeters in their respective cells. The blocking surface prevents the blades from falling.
[0013] L'ouverture de dépose peut être une encoche pratiquée dans l'élément de maintien. Le dimensionnement de l'ouverture de dépose est lié à la hauteur de la partie de l'aube prise dans son alvéole afin d'assurer son extraction de ladite alvéole. L'ouverture de dépose permet de s'affranchir des aléas propres à l'environnement où a lieu la dépose de l'aube du type position horizontale du moteur ou module, risque de contact entre opérateurs et donc chute d'une ou plusieurs aubes, petits chocs ou efforts répétés pour sortir chaque aube de son logement, instabilité possible du sol, chocs sur le moteur. The removal opening may be a notch formed in the holding member. The sizing of the dispensing aperture is related to the height of the portion of the blade taken in its cell to ensure its extraction from said cell. The removal opening makes it possible to get rid of hazards specific to the environment where the removal of the blade of the horizontal type of the engine or module takes place, risk of contact between operators and therefore a fall of one or several blades, small shocks or repeated efforts to exit each dawn of his home, possible instability of the ground, shocks on the engine.
[0014] L'élément de maintien est préférentiellement fixé au moyeu/tourillon de la turbine.  The holding element is preferably fixed to the hub / trunnion of the turbine.
[0015] La définition d'une position angulaire de l'élément de maintien peut se faire en faisant tourner l'élément de maintien manuellement autour de l'arbre de la turbine du fait de la liaison pivot. Ainsi lorsque toutes les aubes ne sont plus retenues que par quelques millimètres dans leurs alvéoles respectives et que le jeu entre deux aubes est suffisant pour la dépose d'une aube, la mise en regard de l'ouverture de dépose avec l'aube à déposer permet à un opérateur d'accéder à cette aube qui n'est pas bloquée par la surface de blocage. Les autres aubes sont quant à elles maintenues grâce à la surface de blocage et ne risquent pas de chuter en cas de secousse, fausse manœuvre ou autre accident. The definition of an angular position of the holding member can be done by rotating the holding member manually around the shaft of the turbine due to the pivot connection. Thus when all the vanes are retained only by a few millimeters in their respective cells and that the clearance between two blades is sufficient for the removal of a blade, the setting compared to the opening of deposit with the dawn to deposit allows an operator to access this blade which is not blocked by the blocking surface. The other blades are maintained thanks to the blocking surface and are not likely to drop in the event of a jolt, mishandling or other accident.
[0016] Outre les caractéristiques principales qui viennent d'être mentionnées dans le paragraphe précédent, le dispositif selon l'invention peut présenter une ou plusieurs caractéristiques complémentaires parmi les suivantes, considérées individuellement ou selon les combinaisons techniquement possibles : In addition to the main features which have just been mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the device according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to the technically possible combinations:
l'ouverture de dépose est en périphérie de l'élément de maintien. L'aube étant située en périphérie de la turbine, l'ouverture de dépose est ainsi préférentiellement située au droit du pied de l'aube à extraire et de la partie de l'élément de maintien servant de butée de maintien, i.e. la surface de blocage ;  the removal opening is at the periphery of the holding element. As the blade is located at the periphery of the turbine, the removal opening is thus preferably located at the right of the root of the blade to be extracted and the part of the holding element serving as a holding stop, ie the surface of blocking;
l'élément de maintien comporte au moins une ouverture d'accès permettant à un opérateur d'accéder à une zone de l'espace définie en regard de la surface de blocage. L'élément de maintien peut comporter une pluralité d'ouvertures d'accès réparties sur l'élément de maintien. Elles permettent à un opérateur d'accéder manuellement aux aubes de turbine afin de faciliter leur extraction des alvéoles ;  the holding element comprises at least one access opening allowing an operator to access an area of the defined space facing the blocking surface. The holding member may include a plurality of access openings distributed over the holding member. They allow an operator to manually access the turbine blades to facilitate their extraction of the cells;
l'élément de maintien est un anneau ;  the holding member is a ring;
- les moyens de fixation comportent un premier anneau, un deuxième anneau, la superposition des premier et deuxième anneaux formant une rainure circulaire pour le maintien de l'élément de maintien et pour l'entraînement en rotation de l'élément de maintien par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine. L'élément de maintien est ainsi pris en sandwich entre les premier et deuxième anneaux dans la rainure circulaire ainsi formée et qui concoure à la fois à son maintien et à la réalisation de la liaison pivot entre l'élément de maintien et l'arbre de la turbine. Pour ce faire, le premier anneau peut être rendu solidaire en rotation de l'arbre de la turbine et le deuxième anneau être fixé au premier anneau ; le premier anneau comporte une surface extérieure, ladite surface extérieure étant en regard de la surface de blocage et ladite surface extérieure comportant un épaulement formant saillie dont le diamètre est inférieur au diamètre du premier anneau. L'épaulement formant saillie contribue avantageusement au centrage de l'élément de maintien par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine et aux aubes. L'épaulement est préférentiellement circulaire lorsque l'élément de maintien est un anneau ; - The fixing means comprise a first ring, a second ring, the superposition of the first and second rings forming a circular groove for holding the holding member and for the rotational drive of the holding member relative to the tree of the turbine. The holding element is thus sandwiched between the first and second rings in the circular groove thus formed and which contributes to both its maintenance and the realization of the pivot connection between the holding member and the shaft of the turbine. To do this, the first ring can be made integral in rotation with the turbine shaft and the second ring be fixed to the first ring; the first ring has an outer surface, said outer surface facing the locking surface and said outer surface having a projection shoulder whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the first ring. The protruding shoulder advantageously contributes to the centering of the holding element relative to the turbine shaft and the blades. The shoulder is preferably circular when the holding member is a ring;
la surface de blocage comporte au moins une butée permettant un ajustement du blocage des aubes. La butée permet avantageusement de régler le blocage axial des aubes. L'épaisseur de la butée, i.e. sa dimension selon l'arbre de la turbine, est préférentiellement égale à la valeur critique avant décochement. Cette valeur critique correspond à la longueur du pied d'aube nécessairement encore dans son alvéole au- delà de laquelle la moindre secousse occasionne une chute de l'aube et au-delà de laquelle le jeu entre aubes est suffisant pour pouvoir les déposer une à une. Il est à noter que généralement entre deux aubes adjacentes sont intercalées des chemises d'étanchéité pour limiter le jeu entre aubes afin de contribuer à leur maintien lors du fonctionnement de la turbine. La chemise d'étanchéité est une cale d'épaisseur amortissante entre chaque aube. ; et  the blocking surface comprises at least one stop allowing an adjustment of the blocking of the blades. The stop advantageously makes it possible to adjust the axial blocking of the blades. The thickness of the stop, i.e. its dimension according to the shaft of the turbine, is preferably equal to the critical value before unchecking. This critical value corresponds to the length of the dawn foot necessarily still in its cell beyond which the slightest jolt causes a fall of the dawn and beyond which the play between blades is sufficient to be able to deposit them one to a. It should be noted that generally between two adjacent blades are interposed sealing sleeves to limit the clearance between blades to help maintain them during operation of the turbine. The sealing liner is a damping shim between each blade. ; and
l'ouverture de dépose est adaptée au passage d'une aube mobile d'une turbine haute pression d'un aéronef. Les dimensions de l'ouverture de dépose sont calculées pour permettre le passage d'une telle aube, et de préférence une seule.  the dispensing aperture is adapted to the passage of a blade of a high-pressure turbine turbine of an aircraft. The dimensions of the dispensing aperture are calculated to allow the passage of such a blade, and preferably only one.
[0017 ] L'invention se rapporte également à un système de dépose d'au moins une aube d'une turbine, ladite turbine comportant un ensemble de N aubes, ledit système comportant un dispositif de dépose selon l'un des modes de réalisation précédemment décrits, un arbre de la turbine, le premier anneau étant fixé à l'arbre de la turbine de sorte qu'il est solidaire en rotation de l'arbre de la turbine et l'élément de maintien étant libre en rotation par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine dans la rainure circulaire. The invention also relates to a system for depositing at least one blade of a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of N blades, said system comprising a dispensing device according to one of the previously described embodiments, a shaft of the turbine, the first ring being fixed to the shaft of the turbine so that it is integral in rotation with the shaft of the turbine and the holding member being free to rotate relative to the turbine shaft in the circular groove.
[0018] L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de montage d'un dispositif de dépose selon l'un des modes de réalisation précédemment décrit sur un arbre de turbine, ledit procédé comportant :  The invention also relates to a method of mounting a dispensing device according to one of the embodiments previously described on a turbine shaft, said method comprising:
une étape de fixation du premier anneau sur un arbre de la turbine de façon à rendre solidaire en rotation le premier anneau de l'arbre de la turbine ;  a step of fixing the first ring on a shaft of the turbine so as to make the first ring of the turbine shaft integral in rotation;
une étape de positionnement de l'élément de maintien sur l'épaulement du premier anneau de façon à bloquer les mouvements radiaux de l'élément de maintien ;  a step of positioning the holding member on the shoulder of the first ring so as to block the radial movements of the holding member;
- une étape de fixation du deuxième anneau au premier anneau de façon à bloquer les mouvements axiaux de l'élément de maintien.  a step of fixing the second ring to the first ring so as to block the axial movements of the holding element.
[0019] Outre les caractéristiques principales qui viennent d'être mentionnées dans le paragraphe précédent, le procédé selon l'invention peut présenter une ou plusieurs caractéristiques complémentaires parmi les suivantes, considérées individuellement ou selon les combinaisons techniquement possibles : In addition to the main features which have just been mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the method according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or according to the technically possible combinations:
l'étape de fixation du premier anneau se fait sur un élément de surface apparent de l'arbre de la turbine, ledit arbre de la turbine étant un tourillon ; et  the step of fixing the first ring is done on an apparent surface element of the turbine shaft, said shaft of the turbine being a trunnion; and
- l'étape de fixation du deuxième anneau se fait au moyen de vis à oreilles. L'utilisation de vis à oreilles permet de faciliter l'utilisation du dispositif. En effet, il n'est pas nécessaire d'avoir des outils de serrage pour le montage/démontage. Un tel type de vis peut également être utilisé pour la fixation du premier anneau à l'arbre de la turbine. - Le procédé peut également comporter une étape supplémentaire consistant à placer un manchon ou cache rigide pour protéger l'arbre de la turbine et plus particulièrement son tourillon si malgré le dispositif une aube venait quand même à tomber sur le tourillon ce qui nécessiterait son remplacement. the step of fixing the second ring is done by means of thumb screws. The use of thumb screws facilitates the use of the device. Indeed, it is not necessary to have clamping tools for assembly / disassembly. Such a type of screw can also be used for fixing the first ring to the shaft of the turbine. - The method may also include an additional step of placing a sleeve or rigid cover to protect the shaft of the turbine and more particularly its trunnion if despite the device a dawn was still falling on the trunnion which would require its replacement.
[0020] L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de dépose d'au moins une aube de turbine, ladite turbine comportant un ensemble d'aubes, ledit procédé comportant : The invention also relates to a method of depositing at least one turbine blade, said turbine comprising a set of blades, said method comprising:
une étape de montage d'un dispositif de dépose selon un des modes de réalisation précédemment décrit sur un arbre de la turbine ; une étape d'extraction partielle de l'ensemble d'aubes au moyen d'un accès par l'intermédiaire soit de l'ouverture de dépose soit de l'ouverture d'accès ; et  a mounting step of a dispensing device according to one of the embodiments previously described on a shaft of the turbine; a step of partially extracting the set of blades by means of access via either the dispensing opening or the access opening; and
une étape de positionnement de l'élément de maintien selon une première position angulaire de façon à positionner l'ouverture de dépose en regard d'au moins une aube à déposer.  a step of positioning the holding element in a first angular position so as to position the removal aperture facing at least one blade to be deposited.
[0021] Un opérateur, pour accéder aux aubes et les extraire partiellement graduellement, en ellipse de leurs alvéoles respectives peut soit s'aider de l'ouverture de dépose, et dans ce cas faire tourner l'élément de maintien afin de mettre en regard l'ouverture de dépose de chaque aube petit à petit ; soit utiliser l'ouverture d'accès, ou la pluralité d'ouverture d'accès. Pour la dépose d'une aube, il est nécessaire de placer l'ouverture de dépose en regard de cette aube afin de pouvoir la faire passer au travers, sinon elle est bloquée par la surface de blocage. An operator, to access the vanes and extract them partially gradually, in ellipse of their respective cells can either help with the opening of removal, and in this case rotate the holding element to put in relation the opening of deposit of each dawn little by little; either use the access opening, or the plurality of access openings. For the removal of a blade, it is necessary to place the removal aperture facing this blade in order to be able to pass through it, otherwise it is blocked by the blocking surface.
[0022] Outre les caractéristiques principales qui viennent d'être mentionnées dans le paragraphe précédent, le procédé selon l'invention peut présenter la caractéristique complémentaire suivante : l'étape d'extraction partielle se fait par une pluralité de déplacements axiaux successifs de chacune des aubes de l'ensemble d'aubes de façon à positionner les dites aubes en butée contre la surface de blocage. L'extraction partielle se fait aube par aube en tournant tout le long de la turbine et en recommençant cette opération jusqu'à ce que la dimension d'aube, et plus particulièrement de pied d'aube, en dehors de l'alvéole correspondante soit suffisante pour que le jeu entre aubes permette la dépose d'une aube. Dans ce cas, les aubes sont en butée contre la surface de blocage. In addition to the main features which have just been mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the method according to the invention may have the following additional characteristic: the partial extraction step is performed by a plurality of successive axial displacements of each of the blades of the blade assembly so as to position said vanes abutting against the blocking surface. The partial extraction is done by dawn by rotating all along the turbine and by repeating this operation until the blade dimension, and more particularly the blade root, outside the corresponding cell is sufficient for the game between blades allows the removal of a blade. In this case, the blades are in abutment against the blocking surface.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES [0023 ] D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit, en référence aux figures annexées, qui illustrent : BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:
la figure 1 , une vue en coupe d'un moteur de turbine ;  Figure 1 is a sectional view of a turbine engine;
la figure 2,  FIG. 2
- la figure 3, un système de dépose selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la turbine étant à la verticale ;  - Figure 3, a deposit system according to one embodiment of the invention, the turbine being vertical;
la figure 4, le système de dépose de la figure 1 , la turbine étant à l'horizontale ;  Figure 4, the removal system of Figure 1, the turbine being horizontal;
la figure 5A, une vue de côté d'un arbre de turbine et d'un premier anneau rendu solidaire de l'arbre de turbine selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  Figure 5A, a side view of a turbine shaft and a first ring secured to the turbine shaft according to one embodiment of the invention;
la figure 5B, une vue de face d'un premier anneau selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  Figure 5B, a front view of a first ring according to one embodiment of the invention;
la figure 6A, une vue de côté d'un arbre de turbine, d'un premier anneau rendu solidaire de l'arbre de turbine et d'un élément de maintien positionné sur le premier anneau selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  Figure 6A, a side view of a turbine shaft, a first ring secured to the turbine shaft and a holding member positioned on the first ring according to one embodiment of the invention;
la figure 6B, une vue de face d'un élément de maintien selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  Figure 6B, a front view of a holding member according to one embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 7A, une vue de côté d'un système de dépose selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  - Figure 7A, a side view of a dispensing system according to one embodiment of the invention;
la figure 7B, une vue de face d'un deuxième anneau selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.  Figure 7B, a front view of a second ring according to one embodiment of the invention.
[ 0024 ] Pour plus de clarté, les éléments identiques ou similaires sont repérés par des signes de référence identiques sur l'ensemble des figures. For clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs throughout the figures.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
[0025 ] La figure 1 illustre une vue en coupe d'un moteur d'aéronef  [0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of an aircraft engine
[ 0026] Aux figures 3 et 4 est illustré un système de dépose d'une aube A d'une turbine, la turbine comportant un ensemble d'aubes A. Le système de dépose comporte un dispositif de dépose 1 et un arbre de turbine Ar, ici un tourillon. In Figures 3 and 4 is illustrated a system for removing a blade A of a turbine, the turbine comprising a set of vanes A. The dispensing system comprises a dispensing device 1 and a turbine shaft Ar , here a trunnion.
[0027 ] La figure 3 illustre le système de dépose dans une configuration à la verticale de la turbine. Ce type de configuration est généralement adopté pour la pose des aubes. Les aubes étant déposées axialement dans leurs alvéoles respectives (alvéoles non visibles sur la photo) selon l'axe X1 , il est visible que dans cette configuration dite verticale, aucun risque de chute en cas de secousse, choc n'est à craindre. Pour rappel, les aubes sont posées (et déposées) graduellement, les unes après les autres, de façon elliptique millimètres par millimètres. Dans la configuration verticale, une aube dont le pied est inséré de seulement un ou deux millimètre dans son alvéole ne risque donc pas de tomber. Figure 3 illustrates the depositing system in a vertical configuration of the turbine. This type of configuration is generally adopted for the set of blades. The vanes being deposited axially in their respective cells (cells not visible in the photo) along the axis X1, it is visible that in this so-called vertical configuration, no risk of falling in case of shock, shock is to be feared. As a reminder, the blades are placed (and deposited) gradually, one after the other, elliptically millimeters by millimeters. In the vertical configuration, a blade whose foot is inserted only one or two millimeters into its cell will not fall.
[0028 ] La figure 4 illustre le système de dépose de la figure 1 dans une configuration à l'horizontale de la turbine. Cette configuration est généralement utilisée pour une dépose in-situ des aubes. Dans cette configuration, une aube dont le pied est inséré de seulement un ou deux millimètres dans son alvéole, juste avant la dépose (qui est l'extraction totale de l'aube de son alvéole selon l'axe X2) risque de tomber sans le dispositif de dépose 1 dont le fonctionnement va être expliqué plus en détail en référence aux figures suivantes. Figure 4 illustrates the removal system of Figure 1 in a horizontal configuration of the turbine. This configuration is generally used for in-situ blade removal. In this configuration, a blade whose foot is inserted only one or two millimeters into its cell, just before removal (which is the total extraction of the blade of its cell along the axis X2) may fall without the removal device 1 whose operation will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
[0029] Dans les modes de réalisation décrits en référence aux figures suivantes, à savoir les figures 5A à 7B, l'élément de maintien est un anneau. In the embodiments described with reference to the following figures, namely Figures 5A to 7B, the holding member is a ring.
[ 0030 ] La figure5A illustre un premier anneau 1 21 fixé à l'arbre Ar de la turbine et ainsi rendu solidaire en rotation de l'arbre Ar de la turbine. Il est fixé au moyen d'un système 3 à vis et écrous à l'arbre de la turbine Ar et plus particulièrement à un élément de surface apparent 21 de l'arbre Ar. Le premier anneau 1 21 comporte un épaulement 1 21 2 sur la surface extérieure 1 21 1 du premier anneau 121 . Figure 5A illustrates a first ring 1 21 fixed to the shaft Ar of the turbine and thus secured in rotation with the shaft Ar of the turbine. It is fixed by means of a system 3 with screws and nuts to the shaft of the turbine Ar and more particularly to an apparent surface element 21 of the Ar shaft. The first ring 1 21 has a shoulder 1 21 2 on the outer surface 1 21 1 of the first ring 121.
[0031 ] La figure 5B représente le premier anneau 1 21 . Il comporte des trous de passage 3 du système de vis et écrous pour la fixation du premier anneau à l'arbre de turbine. Sont visibles également des trous de passage 4 d'un système de fixation d'un deuxième anneau au premier anneau. Le premier anneau comporte un épaulement 1 21 2 formant saillie sur la surface externe 1 21 1 du premier anneau. La surface externe 1 21 1 est la surface qui sera en regard de la surface de blocage de l'élément de maintien une fois ce dernier positionné par rapport au premier anneau 1 21 et sera décrite en référence aux figures suivantes. FIG. 5B represents the first ring 1 21. It has holes 3 of the screw system and nuts for fixing the first ring to the turbine shaft. Also visible are passage holes 4 of a system for fixing a second ring to the first ring. The first ring has a shoulder 1 21 2 projecting on the outer surface 1 21 1 of the first ring. The outer surface 1 21 1 is the surface that will be facing the locking surface of the holding member once the latter positioned relative to the first ring January 21 and will be described with reference to the following figures.
[ 0032 ] L'épaulement 1 21 2 est circulaire et son diamètre est inférieur au diamètre du premier anneau. Il a pour fonction de permettre le positionnement de l'élément de maintien et son centrage. [0033 ] La figure 6A illustre un élément de maintien 1 1 positionné sur l'épaulement 1 21 2 du premier anneau 1 21 , le premier anneau étant fixé à l'arbre Ar de la turbine. Ainsi positionné, les mouvements radiaux de l'élément de maintien 1 1 sont bloqués. En outre les mouvements axiaux vers le moteur de l'élément de maintien 1 1 sont bloqués par la surface S du premier anneau contre lequel il vient en appui. The shoulder 1 21 2 is circular and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the first ring. Its function is to allow the positioning of the holding element and its centering. Figure 6A illustrates a holding member 1 1 positioned on the shoulder 1 21 2 of the first ring January 21, the first ring being fixed to the shaft Ar of the turbine. Thus positioned, the radial movements of the holding member January 1 are blocked. In addition, the axial movements towards the motor of the holding element January 1 are blocked by the surface S of the first ring against which it bears.
[0034 ] L'élément de maintien comporte une surface de blocage 1 1 1 qui a pour fonction de bloquer les aubes A en translation axiale selon leur axe d'insertion dans leurs alvéoles respectives dans le sens de leur dépose, i.e. de leur extraction des alvéoles. Cet axe est incliné par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine Ar, qui est l'axe de rotation du moteur. Cette inclinaison a pour fonction de permettre le maintien des aubes lors de la rotation à grande vitesse de la turbine.  The holding element comprises a blocking surface 1 1 1 whose function is to block the vanes A in axial translation along their insertion axis in their respective cells in the direction of their removal, ie their extraction from alveoli. This axis is inclined relative to the shaft of the turbine Ar, which is the axis of rotation of the motor. This inclination has the function of allowing the maintenance of the blades during the high speed rotation of the turbine.
[ 0035 ] La figure 6B représente l'élément de maintien 1 1 . La surface de blocage 1 1 1 est constituée par l'ensemble de l'élément de maintien exceptée l'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2, qui est une encoche dans ce mode de réalisation. Les dimensions de l'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2, par laquelle est déposée, i.e. extraite totalement, l'aube à déposer, sont fonction de la géométrie de l'aube à déposer. L'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2 est ici en périphérie de l'élément de maintien 1 1 , ainsi l'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2 est ouverte également vers l'extérieur de la périphérie de l'élément de maintien 1 1 et a cette forme d'encoche et peut laisser passer ainsi seulement le pied de l'aube. Figure 6B shows the holding element 1 1. The blocking surface 1 1 1 is constituted by the assembly of the holding member except the opening 1 1 2 deposition, which is a notch in this embodiment. The dimensions of the opening of deposit 1 1 2, by which is deposited, i.e. totally extracted, the dawn to be deposited, depend on the geometry of the blade to be deposited. The removal aperture 1 1 2 is here at the periphery of the holding element 1 1, so the removal aperture 1 1 2 is also open towards the outside of the periphery of the holding element 1 1 and has this form of notch and can pass thus only the foot of the dawn.
[0036] L'élément de maintien 1 1 de la figure 6B comporte cinq ouvertures d'accès 1 1 3. Ces ouvertures d'accès 1 1 3 permettent à un opérateur d'accéder, par exemple au moyen de son pouce, à une zone de l'espace 1 14 définie en regard de la surface de blocage (se référer à la figure 6A) de façon à attraper le pied de l'aube afin d'extraire partiellement l'aube. Cette extraction partielle peut également être exécutée au moyen de l'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2, mais dans ce cas, il faut tourner l'élément de maintien à chaque fois pour mettre l'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2 en regard de chaque aube, les unes après les autres.  The holding member 1 1 of Figure 6B has five access openings 1 1 3. These access openings 1 1 3 allow an operator to access, for example by means of his thumb, to a zone of the space 1 14 defined opposite the blocking surface (refer to FIG. 6A) so as to catch the foot of the blade in order to partially extract the blade. This partial extraction can also be performed by means of the opening 1 1 2 deposition, but in this case, it is necessary to rotate the holding element each time to put the opening of 1 1 2 deposit opposite each dawn , one after the other.
[ 0037 ] La figure 7A illustre le système de dépose, une fois un deuxième anneau 122 fixé au premier anneau 1 21 au moyen de vis à oreilles 4, choisies pour leur facilité de serrage/desserrage. La superposition du premier anneau 121 et du deuxième anneau 1 22 forme une rainure circulaire 1 23 pour le maintien et l'entrainement en rotation de l'élément de maintien 1 1 par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine Ar. La rainure circulaire est formée par l'épaulement 1 21 2 du premier anneau, la surface extérieure 1 21 1 du premier anneau en regard de la surface de blocage 1 1 1 de l'élément de maintien et le deuxième anneau 1 22. Figure 7A illustrates the removal system, once a second ring 122 attached to the first ring 1 21 by means of wing screws 4, chosen for their ease of tightening / loosening. The superposition of the first ring 121 and the second ring 1 22 forms a circular groove 1 23 for holding and the rotational drive of the holding member 1 1 relative to the shaft of the turbine Ar. The circular groove is formed by the shoulder 1 21 2 of the first ring, the outer surface 1 21 1 of the first ring. view of the blocking surface 1 1 1 of the holding element and the second ring 1 22.
[ 0038 ] L'élément de maintien 1 1 comporte une butée 1 1 1 1 sur la surface de blocage 1 1 1 . Cette butée permet de régler le maintien axial des aubes et le dimensionnement de cette butée est fonction de la distance dont doivent être extraites partiellement les aubes de leurs alvéoles avant de pouvoir être déposer par l'ouverture de dépose 1 1 2. The holding member 1 1 comprises a stop 1 1 1 1 on the locking surface 1 1 1. This abutment makes it possible to adjust the axial retention of the blades and the dimensioning of this abutment is a function of the distance from which the vanes of their cells must be partially extracted before they can be deposited by the removal aperture 1 1 2.
[ 0039] L'ensemble premier anneau/deuxième anneau forme les moyens de fixation 12 de l'élément de maintien 1 1 sur l'arbre Ar de la turbine. Grâce à la rainure circulaire formée par la superposition des premier et deuxième anneau dans laquelle se trouve l'élément de maintien, une liaison pivot est formée entre l'élément de maintien et l'arbre Ar de la turbine. The first ring / second ring assembly forms the fastening means 12 of the holding member 1 1 on the Ar shaft of the turbine. Thanks to the circular groove formed by the superimposition of the first and second ring in which the holding element is located, a pivot connection is formed between the holding element and the shaft Ar of the turbine.
[0040 ] La figure 7B illustre le deuxième anneau 122 comportant des trous de passage 5 pour les vis à oreille 4 permettant la fixation du deuxième anneau au premier anneau. Figure 7B illustrates the second ring 122 having passage holes 5 for thumb screws 4 for fixing the second ring to the first ring.
[ 0041 ] Pour la dépose d'une aube, il est nécessaire dans un premier temps, une fois le dispositif de dépose installé, d'extraire partiellement chacune des aubes A :  For the removal of a blade, it is necessary in a first step, once the dispensing device installed, partially extract each blade A:
soit en s'aidant des ouvertures d'accès de l'élément de maintien ;  by using the access openings of the holding element;
soit en s'aidant de l'ouverture de dépose de l'élément de maintien, et dans ce cas, de faire tourner l'élément de maintien afin de mettre l'ouverture de dépose en regard à chaque fois de l'aube à manipuler.  either by using the opening for removing the holding element, and in this case, to rotate the holding element to bring the opening of deposit next to the dawn to handle .
[ 0042 ] Une fois les aubes au bord de la dépose, i.e. lorsqu'elles sont arrivées en butée contre la surface de blocage, qui les empêche de tomber en cas de secousse ou de choc, l'opérateur fait pivoter l'élément de maintien autour de l'arbre de la turbine afin d'amener l'ouverture de dépose en regard de chaque aube à déposer afin de l'extraire complètement de son alvéole en la faisant passer par l'ouverture de dépose car n'étant plus bloquée par la surface de blocage de l'élément de maintien. L'élément de maintien ayant plusieurs positions angulaires en fonction de l'aube à déposer. La surface de blocage assure le maintien des aubes non déposées en sécurité. [0043] L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation précédemment décrits en référence aux figures et des variantes pourraient être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Once the blades at the edge of removal, ie when they have come into abutment against the blocking surface, which prevents them from falling in case of shock or shock, the operator rotates the holding element. around the shaft of the turbine in order to bring the dispensing opening facing each blade to be deposited in order to extract it completely from its cell by passing it through the dispensing opening since it is no longer blocked by the locking surface of the holding element. The holding element having several angular positions depending on the blade to be deposited. The blocking surface ensures the maintenance of the blades not deposited safely. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above with reference to the figures and variants could be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif de dépose (1 ) d'au moins une aube (A) d'une turbine, ladite turbine comportant un ensemble d'aubes (A), ledit dispositif comportant : 1. Device for depositing (1) at least one blade (A) of a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of vanes (A), said device comprising:
- un élément de maintien (1 1 ) comportant :  a holding element (1 1) comprising:
une surface de blocage (1 1 1 ) ;  a blocking surface (1 1 1);
une ouverture de dépose (1 12);  a dispensing aperture (1 12);
des moyens de fixation de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) sur un arbre de la turbine, les moyens de fixation réalisant une liaison pivot entre l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) et l'arbre de la turbine (Ar),  means for fixing the holding element (1 1) on a shaft of the turbine, the fixing means providing a pivot connection between the holding element (1 1) and the turbine shaft (Ar),
la définition d'une position angulaire de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) permettant la réalisation d'une première fonction de dépose d'au moins une aube (A) en regard de l'ouverture de dépose (1 12) et la réalisation d'une seconde fonction de blocage d'un ensemble d'aubes (A) en regard de la surface de blocage (1 1 1 ).  the definition of an angular position of the holding element (1 1) allowing the realization of a first function of depositing at least one vane (A) facing the dispensing aperture (1 12) and the performing a second blocking function of a set of blades (A) facing the locking surface (1 1 1).
2. Dispositif de dépose selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de dépose (1 12) est en périphérie de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ).  2. Dispensing device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the removal opening (1 12) is at the periphery of the holding element (1 1).
3. Dispositif de dépose selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) comporte au moins une ouverture d'accès (1 13) permettant à un opérateur d'accéder à une zone de l'espace (1 14) définie en regard de la surface de blocage (1 1 1 ).  3. Removal device according to claim 1 characterized in that the holding element (1 1) comprises at least one access opening (1 13) allowing an operator to access an area of the space (1 14) defined opposite the locking surface (1 1 1).
4. Dispositif de dépose selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) est un anneau.  4. Removal device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the holding element (1 1) is a ring.
5. Dispositif de dépose selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation comportent : 5. Removal device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing means comprise:
un premier anneau (121 ) ;  a first ring (121);
un deuxième anneau (122) ;  a second ring (122);
la superposition des premier (121 ) et deuxième (122) anneaux formant une rainure circulaire (123) pour le maintien de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) et pour l'entraînement en rotation de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) par rapport à l'arbre de la turbine (Ar). superimposing the first (121) and second (122) rings forming a circular groove (123) for holding the holding member (1 1) and for rotating the holding member (1 1) relative to the turbine shaft (Ar).
6. Dispositif de dépose selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le premier anneau (121 ) comporte une surface extérieure (121 1 ), ladite surface extérieure (121 1 ) étant en regard de la surface de blocage (1 1 1 ) et ladite surface extérieure comportant un épaulement (1212) formant saillie dont le diamètre est inférieur au diamètre du premier anneau. 6. Removal device according to the preceding claim characterized in that the first ring (121) has an outer surface (121 1), said outer surface (121 1) being opposite the locking surface (1 1 1) and said outer surface having a projection shoulder (1212) having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first ring.
7. Dispositif de dépose selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la surface de blocage (1 1 1 ) comporte au moins une butée (1 1 1 1 ) permettant un ajustement du blocage des aubes (A).  7. Removal device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the blocking surface (1 1 1) comprises at least one stop (1 1 1 1) for adjusting the blocking blades (A).
8. Dispositif de dépose selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de dépose (1 12) est adaptée au passage d'une aube mobile d'une turbine haute pression d'un aéronef.  8. Removal device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the removal aperture (1 12) is adapted to the passage of a blade of a high-pressure turbine of an aircraft.
9. Système de dépose d'au moins une aube (A) d'une turbine, ladite turbine comportant un ensemble de N aubes (A), ledit système comportant :  9. System for depositing at least one blade (A) of a turbine, said turbine comprising a set of N blades (A), said system comprising:
un dispositif de dépose (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8 ;  a dispensing device (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 8;
un arbre de turbine (Ar) ;  a turbine shaft (Ar);
caractérisé en ce que le premier anneau (121 ) est fixé à l'arbre de turbine de sorte qu'il est solidaire en rotation de l'arbre de turbine et l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) est libre en rotation par rapport à l'arbre de turbine dans la rainure circulaire (23). characterized in that the first ring (121) is attached to the turbine shaft so that it is rotatably connected to the turbine shaft and the holding member (1 1) is free to rotate relative to the turbine shaft in the circular groove (23).
10. Procédé de montage d'un dispositif de dépose selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8 sur un arbre de turbine, ledit procédé comportant : 10. A method of mounting a dispensing device according to any one of claims 6 to 8 on a turbine shaft, said method comprising:
une étape de fixation du premier anneau (121 ) sur un arbre (Ar) de turbine de façon à rendre solidaire en rotation le premier anneau de l'arbre de turbine ;  a step of fixing the first ring (121) on a turbine shaft (Ar) so as to make the first ring of the turbine shaft integral in rotation;
- une étape de positionnement de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) sur l'épaulement (1212) du premier anneau de façon à bloquer les mouvements radiaux de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) ;  - A step of positioning the holding member (1 1) on the shoulder (1212) of the first ring so as to block the radial movements of the holding member (1 1);
une étape de fixation du deuxième anneau (122) au premier anneau (121 ) de façon à bloquer les mouvements axiaux de l'élément de maintien.  a step of fixing the second ring (122) to the first ring (121) so as to block the axial movements of the holding member.
1 1 . Procédé de montage selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation du premier anneau se fait sur un élément de surface (21 ) apparent de l'arbre de turbine, ledit arbre de turbine étant un tourillon. 1 1. Mounting method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the step of fixing the first ring is on an apparent surface element (21) of the turbine shaft, said turbine shaft being a trunnion.
12. Procédé de montage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation du deuxième anneau (122) se fait au moyen de vis à oreilles. 12. Mounting method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the step of fixing the second ring (122) is by means of wing screws.
13. Procédé de dépose d'au moins une aube (A) de turbine, ladite turbine comportant un ensemble de N aubes (A), ledit procédé comportant :  13. A method of depositing at least one blade (A) turbine, said turbine comprising a set of N blades (A), said method comprising:
une étape de montage d'un dispositif de dépose (1 ) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 sur un arbre de turbine (Ar) ;  a step of mounting a removal device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 on a turbine shaft (Ar);
une étape d'extraction partielle de l'ensemble de N aubes (A) adjacentes au moyen d'un accès par l'intermédiaire soit de l'ouverture de dépose (1 12) soit de l'ouverture d'accès (1 13) ; et  a step of partially extracting the set of N blades (A) adjacent by means of an access via either the removal opening (1 12) or the access opening (1 13) ; and
une étape de positionnement de l'élément de maintien (1 1 ) selon une première position angulaire de façon à positionner l'ouverture de dépose (1 12) en regard d'au moins une aube (A) à déposer. a step of positioning the holding element (1 1) in a first angular position so as to position the removal opening (1 12) facing at least one blade (A) to be deposited.
14. Procédé selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'extraction partielle se fait par une pluralité de déplacements axiaux successifs de chacune des aubes de l'ensemble de N aubes (A) de façon à positionner les dites aubes (A) en butée contre la surface de blocage. 14. Method according to the preceding claim characterized in that the partial extraction step is performed by a plurality of successive axial displacements of each of the blades of the set of N blades (A) so as to position said blades (A). ) in abutment against the locking surface.
EP14747094.2A 2013-07-15 2014-07-10 Device to assemble blades and corresponding method for assembling Active EP3022405B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1356940A FR3008448B1 (en) 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 REMOVAL DEVICE FOR AUBES
PCT/FR2014/051774 WO2015007979A1 (en) 2013-07-15 2014-07-10 Dismantling device for blades and corresponding dismantling method

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EP3022405B1 EP3022405B1 (en) 2019-11-13

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CN108005732B (en) * 2017-12-20 2024-04-19 华瑞（江苏）燃机服务有限公司 Dismounting mechanism of turbine stationary blade assembly of gas turbine
FR3082232B1 (en) 2018-06-12 2020-08-28 Safran Aircraft Engines HOLDING SYSTEM FOR DISMANTLING A BLADE WHEEL
CN109676562A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-04-26 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 A kind of aero-engine low-pressure turbine guide vane mounting device
CN113814697B (en) * 2020-06-18 2022-10-28 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Method for decomposing low-pressure turbine shaft

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US5131814A (en) * 1990-04-03 1992-07-21 General Electric Company Turbine blade inner end attachment structure
DE19520274A1 (en) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-05 Abb Management Ag Device and method for assembling rotor blades
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CN105452617B (en) 2018-03-06
US20160169010A1 (en) 2016-06-16
US10533434B2 (en) 2020-01-14
FR3008448A1 (en) 2015-01-16
CN105452617A (en) 2016-03-30
EP3022405B1 (en) 2019-11-13
WO2015007979A1 (en) 2015-01-22

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