EP3018915A1 - Richtlautsprecher - Google Patents

Richtlautsprecher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3018915A1
EP3018915A1 EP15192976.7A EP15192976A EP3018915A1 EP 3018915 A1 EP3018915 A1 EP 3018915A1 EP 15192976 A EP15192976 A EP 15192976A EP 3018915 A1 EP3018915 A1 EP 3018915A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
directional
loudspeaker
openings
panel
directional loudspeaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15192976.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3018915B1 (de
Inventor
Koenraad August Jan Knaapen
Eric Van Duin
Martijn Gerardus Mensink
Kevin Ivan Kleine
George Ortega
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dutch & Dutch BV
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Dutch & Dutch BV
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3018915A1 publication Critical patent/EP3018915A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3018915B1 publication Critical patent/EP3018915B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
    • H04R1/288—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional loudspeaker, and, in particular, though not exclusively, to a directional loudspeaker for use in the mid frequency range of the audio spectrum and a directional loudspeaker system comprising one or more of such directional loudspeakers.
  • Listeners that are not positioned in front of the loudspeaker will experience lower sound pressure levels at high frequencies. This will negatively influence the comprehensibility and the sound quality. Further, when a loudspeaker is placed in a room, the reflections at the walls will cause reverberation, which will be enhanced when sound waves are also radiated in the backward direction. Moreover, omni-directional radiated sound will cause more noise pollution for people that live close to an (outdoor) music event and will make it more difficult for event organisers to comply with the noise standards.
  • the directionality (directivity) of a loudspeaker should be frequency independent and in order to approximate such behaviour techniques exist that reduce the effect of omni-directional radiance of sound waves in the high and low frequency ranges of the acoustic spectrum which approximately runs from 20 to 20 KHz.
  • the term "high frequency” refers to sound waves that have a wavelength smaller than the smallest dimension of the front panel of the loudspeaker and/or the membrane of the transducer
  • the term “low frequency” refers to sound waves that have a wavelength such that the wavelength divided by two is larger than the largest dimension of the front panel of the loudspeaker and/or the membrane of the transducer.
  • the frequencies between the high and low are of the midrange frequencies.
  • the low frequency range approximately runs from 20 to 300 Hz
  • the mid frequency ranges runs 300 Hz up to 1,8 KHz
  • the high frequency ranges from 1,8 KHz up to 20 KHz. It is noted that these ranges do not have hard border lines so that effects discussed in this application are not strictly limited to one of these ranges.
  • the directionality of high-frequencies sound waves can be easily controlled by using a waveguide (typically a horn).
  • directionality for low-frequency sound waves can be achieved using actively controlled transducers e.g. a cardioid subwoofer configuration.
  • a second transducer is configured to cancel the sound waves by a first transducer.
  • the wavelengths are too big for using waveguides and too small for a cardioid subwoofer technique in order to create a predetermined directivity pattern.
  • WO2010/108123 describes a loudspeaker of small dimensions with passive low frequency directional control, wherein the loudspeaker comprises an housing that is filled with a mineral wool and that has openings that are positioned in the side panel of the housing at a distance from that transducer that equals the diameter of cone diaphragm of the transducer. At the backside of the housing electronics are provided. A 10 dB attenuation of the front wave at the backside of the loudspeaker is claimed however it is not clear whether this attenuation is frequency independent for the mid frequency range of the audio spectrum, i.e. the part of the spectrum that is especially problematic in terms of directional control. Hence, there is a need in the art for improved directional loudspeakers that have a high degree of directionality in the mid range of the audio spectrum with a large degree of attenuation between the front and back waves.
  • the invention may relate to a directional loudspeaker comprising: a housing comprising a front panel, side panels and a reflective back panel, said housing comprising an acoustic resistive material; wherein at least one acoustic transducer is mounted to said front panel, said transducer being configured to drive a membrane for producing front waves at the front of said membrane and back waves at the back of said membrane; and, wherein one or more openings in said side panels, and, optionally, in said back panel allowing at least part of said back waves to exit said housing via said resistive material, said resistive material, said openings and said reflective back panel introducing for said back waves in the mid frequency range a phase delay, an attenuation and an amplitude such that an attenuation at the backside of said loudspeaker of 20 dB or more of the midrange frequencies is achieved.
  • the directional loudspeaker is configured for use
  • the directional loudspeaker provides forward bundling of sound waves in the mid frequency range while at the same time providing a strong attenuation of the back wave at the backside of the loudspeaker.
  • the use of a substantially flat, reflective back panel together with the openings and the acoustic resistive material will provide excellent cancellation of the back waves.
  • the housing comprising the resistive material and the openings provide an acoustic resistance box that allows strong attenuation of the front wave at the backside of the loudspeaker in a simple and passive way without the need of active drives as known from cardioid subwoofer techniques.
  • the forward bundling of sound waves in the mid frequency range provides an improvement in sound quality and comprehensibility.
  • the geometry and position of said back-panel with respect to the openings and the front-panel are selected such that said attenuation at the backside of said loudspeaker is maximized.
  • the invention recognizes that the position of the back panel with respect to the front panel (i.e. the distance between the front and the back panel) is an important parameter in achieving maximum attenuation of the front wave at the backside of the loudspeaker.
  • said acoustic material is a fibrous (thermoplastic) polymer material, preferably a polyester material, more preferably said polyester material comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • said acoustic material is a fibrous polymer material, wherein the density of said fibrous polymer material is selected between 10 and 50 kg/m 3 .
  • fibrous (thermoplastic) polymer material of certain densities have excellent acoustic properties for use in the acoustic resistance box. This material provides attenuation, delay and low pass filter characteristics that allow strong cancellation of the front wave at the backside of the loudspeaker.
  • the ratio between the open surface of said openings and the total surface of a panel is selected between 5 and 50%, preferably 10 and 40%.
  • an opening geometry can be selected such that the back waves cancels the front waves at the backside of the loudspeaker.
  • said one or more openings are longitudinally shaped openings wherein said longitudinal axis of said longitudinal shaped openings are oriented in parallel to the central axis of said transducer.
  • the openings may be positioned close to the front panel and extend towards the direction of the back panel.
  • the panels (side and/or back panels) may comprise longitudinally shaped openings having a width selected between 0,5 and 4 cm, preferably 1 and 3 cm and a length selected between 2 and 20 cm.
  • the panels (side and/or back panels) may comprise substantially circular or square openings having dimensions selected between 0,5 and 4 cm.
  • said openings may be configured as an array of openings in said side panel and/or said back panel.
  • said mid range frequencies are selected between 100 and 2000 Hz, preferably 200 and 1000 Hz.
  • said side-panels are oriented under an angle with the central axis of said acoustic transducer.
  • the dimensions of said housing are selected between 10 and 100 cm, preferably 20 and 80 cm, more preferably between 30 and 70 cm.
  • the frequency response for angles up to and including 70 degrees may be substantially the same as the frequency response at 0 degrees.
  • the directional speaker according to the invention has an extremely constant beam width which is maintained throughout the entire audible spectrum. This means that an audience will perceive practically no variations in tonal balance.
  • the invention may relate to a directional loudspeaker system comprising: a directional loudspeaker according to any of the embodiments described above, and; at least one horn loudspeaker for producing sound in the high frequency range, wherein the directionality of the high frequency sound of said horn loudspeaker substantially matches the directionality of the sound produced by said directional speaker.
  • the invention may relate to a directional loudspeaker system comprising: a directional loudspeaker according to any of the embodiments described above, and; at least subwoofer that is configured to produce a cardioid response, wherein the directionality of the low frequency sound of said subwoofer substantially matches the directionality of the sound produced by said directional speaker.
  • the invention may relate to a directional loudspeaker system comprising: a plurality of directional loudspeakers according to any of the embodiments described above, and, and; wherein said plurality of directional loudspeakers are configured as an acoustic line source (a line array).
  • the directional loudspeaker that is configured for use in the mid frequency range of the audio spectrum may be combined with one or more directional loudspeakers for the low and/or high frequency part of the audio spectrum.
  • a directional loudspeaker system can be formed that a forward bundling effect of sound waves over a substantial part of the audio spectrum and at the same time a substantial attenuation of the front wave at the backside of the loudspeaker system.
  • Fig. 1A and 1B depict directional loudspeakers according to various embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 1A depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of a directional loudspeaker comprising an loudspeaker housing (an enclosure) formed by a front panel 102 , side panels 104 and a back panel 108 .
  • the loudspeaker housing forms an acoustic chamber, wherein at least one acoustic transducer 110 is mounted to the front panel.
  • the acoustic transducer may comprise a cone diaphragm, i.e. a membrane that is configured to generate sound pressure waves.
  • the acoustic chamber is filled with a material 116 of a predetermined acoustic resistivity.
  • the acoustic chamber further comprises one or more openings 114 1,4 in the side panels.
  • the openings may be symmetrically distributed over the side panels. Hence, the number, position and shape of the openings in the side panels are substantially similar.
  • the back panel may comprise one or more openings 114 2,3 .
  • the openings enable sound pressure waves that are generated at the backside of membrane, the so-called back-waves 120,122, to exit the acoustic chamber via the acoustic resistive material.
  • the back-waves are 180 degrees out-of-phase with the sound pressure waves produced at the front of the membrane.
  • the acoustic enclosure, the resistive material and the position and size of the openings are configured such that the delayed and attenuated back-waves cancel the front-waves that arrive at the backside of the loudspeaker. This way, front-waves in the middle frequency range can be attenuated for more than 15 dB at the backside of said loudspeaker.
  • the front wave and the back wave need to cancel each other at the backside of the loudspeaker in order to achieve complete extinction at the backside.
  • the back-wave is already in antiphase with the front-wave as the back-wave will be generated by the backside of the cone of the acoustic transducer.
  • the back-wave needs to be delayed.
  • such delay needs to be frequency independent and it needs to correspond with the difference in the patch lengths that the front and back wave need to cover in order to reach the backside of the loudspeaker.
  • D int is the average path length that the back wave covers from an arbitrary point at the backside of the speaker membrane via the magnet of the acoustic transducer to an arbitrarily point on the surface of one of the openings in the side panels of the loudspeaker
  • D ext is the average path length that is covered by the front wave from an arbitrarily point on the front side of the membrane of the loudspeaker, around the loudspeaker enclosure to an arbitrarily point on the surface of one of the openings.
  • the interior surfaces of the enclosure are reflecting surfaces that allow reflection of the sound in the direction of the openings.
  • FIG. 1B An alternative design of a loudspeaker housing for controlling D int and D ext is depicted in Fig. 1B .
  • This embodiment is similar to the one described with reference to Fig. 1A , except for the fact that the side panels of the housing that comprise the openings are slightly tilted inwardly towards the central axis 112 of the loudspeaker. Tilting the orientation of the side panels relative will change the path lengths of the front- and back waves. Similarly, in a further embodiment (not shown), the side panels may be slightly tilted away for the central axis of the loudspeaker.
  • the average propagation speed of sound through the acoustic material c Int may be controlled by the quantity, type of material and the density of the acoustic material.
  • the average path length in the acoustic chamber D Int may be controlled by the size and geometry of the acoustic chamber and by the size, geometry and the position of the openings. Further, due to its size, the loudspeaker box will block more sound at higher frequencies so that it functions as a low pass filter for the front wave. Therefore, the front wave will have a low-pass function when it arrives at the backside of the loudspeaker housing.
  • the back-wave also needs to be corrected for this low-pass filtering effect of the front wave.
  • This can be achieved by selecting an acoustic material that has a low-pass filter characteristic that substantially matches the loss-pass filtering characteristics of the loudspeaker housing as experienced by the front wave.
  • the acoustic material needs to be selected such that at the location of the openings in the loudspeaker enclosure, the amplitude characteristics of the back wave substantially match the amplitude characteristics of the front wave.
  • the front wave will be approximately 2 dB attenuated so that also a degree of attenuation of the back-wave is needed.
  • the acoustic filling material has three functions, i.e.: 1) broadband delay of sound; 2) has a low-pass acoustic filter characteristic; and, 3) produces approximately 2,5 dB attenuation.
  • thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family polyester fiber material e.g. fibers of (recycled) polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the density of the material may be selected within the range between 10 and 50 kg/m 3 .
  • thermoplastic polymer are not known to be cariogenic and to cause allergic reactions or respiratory failure.
  • fibers of a thermoplastic polymer resin do not produce dust.
  • Fig. 2 depicts the frequency characteristics of a loudspeaker as described with reference to Fig. 1A and 1B for three different distances between the back-panel and the front-panel.
  • Curve 204 represents the frequency characteristic of the front-wave for each of the three different distances. Hence, the position of the back-panel does not influence the forward frequency characteristics.
  • curves 206,208,210 represent the backward frequency characteristics wherein curve 206 represents a first back-panel position wherein the back-panel is closest to the front-panel and curve 208 represents a second back-panel position wherein the distance between the back-panel and the front-panel is the largest. Attenuation between 100 and 700 Hz of 15 dB or more is achieved by a third back-panel position that is located between the first and second back-panel position.
  • Fig. 3A-3D depicts different views a directional loudspeaker according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the loudspeaker is configured to produce a directional response with high attenuation in the mid frequency range (between 100 and 1200 Hz) at the backside of the loudspeaker.
  • the dimensions of the housing are of the same order as the wavelengths that need to attenuated, i.e. frequencies in the range of 100 and 1000 Hz.
  • Fig. 3A depicts the front side 302 of the loudspeaker housing.
  • 3B provides a side view of the loudspeaker housing showing a side panel 304 comprising a linear array of longitudinal openings 306 wherein the longitudinal direction of the openings are parallel to the main axis 112 of the acoustic transducer.
  • the side panels are slightly tilted inwardly towards the central axis 112 of the loudspeaker in order control the path lengths of the front and back-wave.
  • the openings are designed in Fig. 3A-3D as longitudinal openings, other opening shapes are also envisaged without departing the invention.
  • a 2D array of openings e.g. square or circular shaped openings, is also foreseen.
  • the ratio between the surface of the openings and the total surface of a side panel may be selected between 5 and 50%, preferably between 10 and 40%.
  • the directional loudspeaker may be used in combination with other directional loudspeakers.
  • a directional loudspeaker as described above with reference to Fig. 1-3 may be used in combination with a directional loudspeaker for the high frequency part of the audio spectrum.
  • the directional loudspeaker may be used in combination with at least one horn loudspeaker for producing sound in the high frequency range, wherein the directionality of the high frequency sound of said horn loudspeaker substantially matches the directionality of the sound produced by said directional speaker.
  • the directional loudspeaker as described above with reference to Fig. 1-3 may be used in combination with a directional loudspeaker for the low frequency part of the audio spectrum.
  • the directional loudspeaker may be used in combination with at least one subwoofer that is configured to produce a cardioid response, wherein the directionality of the low frequency sound of said subwoofer substantially matches the directionality of the sound produced by said directional speaker.
  • the invention may relate to a directional loudspeaker system comprising: a plurality of directional loudspeakers according to any of the embodiments described above, and; wherein said plurality of directional loudspeakers are configured as a acoustic line source (a line array).
  • the directional loudspeaker that is configured for use in the mid frequency range of the audio spectrum may be combined with one or more directional loudspeakers for the low and/or high frequency part of the audio spectrum.
  • a directional loudspeaker system can be formed that a forward bundling effect of sound waves over a substantial part of the audio spectrum and at the same time a substantial attenuation of the front wave at the backside of the loudspeaker system.
  • Fig. 4 depicts the dispersion pattern of a directional loudspeaker according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the x-axis represents the frequency of the sound
  • the left y-axis the angle in degrees wherein 0 degrees corresponds with a location right in front of the loudspeaker and the right y-axis indicates the sound level relative to the level at 0 degrees.
  • the graph shows that the sound level at 0 degrees will decrease with increasing angles.
  • the sound level is on average more than 20 dB attenuated with respect to the sound in front of the loudspeaker.
  • the sound level at larger angles gradually decreases with decreasing frequencies. This means that the frequency response for different angles is substantially the same as the frequency response at 0 degrees.
  • sound originating up to 70 degrees will sound similar to the sound as the sound at 0 degree. Only the sound level will be different.
  • the ideal loudspeaker radiation pattern is a single forward beam that is wide enough to cover the entire audience, yet radiates almost no sound energy outside that beam. Just as important, the beam should have a similar width for all frequencies, so that those who are not right in front of the loudspeaker hear the same, well-balanced sound. Conventional loudspeaker systems are unable to achieve this as their dispersion pattern varies with frequency. As shown in Fig. 4 , the directional speaker according to the invention has an extremely constant beam width and, more importantly, maintains it throughout the entire audible spectrum. This means that an audience will perceive practically no variations in tonal balance.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP15192976.7A 2014-11-04 2015-11-04 Richtlautsprecher Active EP3018915B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2013741A NL2013741B1 (en) 2014-11-04 2014-11-04 Directional loudspeaker.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3018915A1 true EP3018915A1 (de) 2016-05-11
EP3018915B1 EP3018915B1 (de) 2018-06-06

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NL (1) NL2013741B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3429224A1 (de) 2017-07-14 2019-01-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Lautsprecher
CN109462805A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-12 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 扬声器

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11102570B2 (en) 2019-06-11 2021-08-24 Bose Corporation Auto-configurable bass loudspeaker
NO20190836A1 (en) 2019-06-28 2020-12-29 Nnnn As Directional loudspeaker
US11153680B2 (en) 2020-02-13 2021-10-19 Bose Corporation Stackable loudspeakers
GB202112473D0 (en) 2021-09-01 2021-10-13 Pss Belgium Nv Loudspeaker

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722616A (en) * 1970-12-14 1973-03-27 Ltv Altec Inc Directional loudspeaker system
US4054748A (en) * 1975-10-22 1977-10-18 Elektroakusztikai Gyar Cardioid electro-acoustic radiator
US6628793B1 (en) * 1999-01-06 2003-09-30 Mark G. Porzilli Speaker system
WO2010108123A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Meyer Sound Laboratories, Incorporated Loudspeaker with passive low frequency directional control

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722616A (en) * 1970-12-14 1973-03-27 Ltv Altec Inc Directional loudspeaker system
US4054748A (en) * 1975-10-22 1977-10-18 Elektroakusztikai Gyar Cardioid electro-acoustic radiator
US6628793B1 (en) * 1999-01-06 2003-09-30 Mark G. Porzilli Speaker system
WO2010108123A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Meyer Sound Laboratories, Incorporated Loudspeaker with passive low frequency directional control

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3429224A1 (de) 2017-07-14 2019-01-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Lautsprecher
WO2019012070A1 (en) 2017-07-14 2019-01-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. LOUD SPEAKER
CN109462805A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-12 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 扬声器
CN109462805B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2021-06-01 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 扬声器

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Publication number Publication date
EP3018915B1 (de) 2018-06-06
NL2013741B1 (en) 2016-10-06

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