EP3018690A1 - Elektromechanisches stellglied und elektrischer kontaktschalter, der ein solches stellglied umfasst - Google Patents

Elektromechanisches stellglied und elektrischer kontaktschalter, der ein solches stellglied umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3018690A1
EP3018690A1 EP15192863.7A EP15192863A EP3018690A1 EP 3018690 A1 EP3018690 A1 EP 3018690A1 EP 15192863 A EP15192863 A EP 15192863A EP 3018690 A1 EP3018690 A1 EP 3018690A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
flux
magnet
coil
spacing
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP15192863.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3018690B1 (de
Inventor
Rémy Orban
Douglas MARTINS ARAUJO
Stéphane FOLLIC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP3018690A1 publication Critical patent/EP3018690A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for an electric contactor, and an electric contactor comprising such an electromagnetic actuator.
  • a synchronous switching of the actuator is interesting because it makes it possible to reduce the stresses on a load, connected to the contactor, and also on the distribution networks, to which are connected contactors for charging loads. Synchronous switching is also interesting to reduce the stress on the electrical contacts of the contactor and thus reduce the wear thereof. For synchronous switching, it is necessary to have a stable switching time in order to know precisely the instant of switching.
  • the magnetic field of a coil is used to control the switching of the actuator between a closed position and an open position.
  • the switching times are highly dependent on the mechanical stress associated with the generated field which is itself a function of the supply voltage and the temperature of the coil. It is known, in order to have stable switching times, to use a control electronics with a regulator to control the supply current of the coil. This generates additional costs and increases the size of the actuator
  • the document FR-A-2 793 944 discloses an actuator comprising a frame mechanically connected to an actuating rod, movable in rotation between two stops, which is held in a rest position by two permanent magnets.
  • the actuator also comprises two electromagnetic coils whose magnetic field generated is likely to oppose the force of the magnets so as to cause the armature towards one of its two active positions, the actuator being a so-called bistable actuator.
  • the document FR-A-2,849,712 discloses an actuator with a magnetic core having a U-shaped section and a magnet movable in rotation with respect to the core.
  • the actuator has a main air gap of substantially constant width throughout the course of the magnet and two secondary air gaps of variable width according to said stroke.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a bistable electromagnetic actuator for which the switching times vary very little, that is to say of the order of one millisecond, from one switching to the next.
  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for an electric contactor, the actuator comprising a magnetic core comprising first and second abutment surfaces, two lateral branches, each lateral branch having a first end and a second end, the first ends being interconnected by a central branch.
  • the actuator also comprises an electromagnetic coil wound around the central branch of the core and capable of generating a magnetic flux, called coil flux, through the core.
  • the actuator comprises a magnetized member comprising a permanent magnet and at least one metal part, the magnetized member being able to generate a magnetic flux, called a magnet flux, and comprising first and second contact surfaces, the magnet being movable relative to the core between a first position in which the first contact surface bears against the first abutment surface and a second position in which the second contact surface abuts against the second abutment surface, the spacing between the first contact surface and the first abutment surface forming a first air gap and the spacing between the second contact surface and the second abutment surface forming a second air gap.
  • the magnet is configured to be in one of the first and second positions in the absence of coil flow. According to the invention, the magnet is separated, apart from the contact and abutment surfaces, from each lateral branch by a respective lateral spacing, each lateral spacing being able to deflect the magnet flux and the coil flow to a corresponding air gap.
  • each lateral spacing deflects the magnet flux and the coil flow to a corresponding gap.
  • the coil flux is mainly used to direct the magnet flux to one of the two air gaps, while the magnet flux generates a holding force in the stable positions and a motor force for switching. Consequently, the motor forces and the holding forces are not very dependent on the coil flux, and are therefore not very sensitive to variations in a supply voltage of the coil and / or the temperature of the coil.
  • the actuator according to the invention then makes it possible to avoid excessive variations in switching times from one switching to the next, which facilitates synchronous switching as described above.
  • the invention also relates to an electric contactor comprising first and second fixed contact members, a movable contact member and an electromagnetic actuator for controlling a displacement of the movable contact member between a first position where the movable member is bearing against the first fixed member and a second position where the movable member bears against the second fixed member, wherein the actuator is as defined above.
  • the electric contactor 2 represented in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a base plate 21 on which are mounted an actuator 3, a movable contact member 22 and a fixed contact member 24.
  • the fixed member 24 comprises a fixed contact 244, also called fixed chip.
  • the movable member 22 is rotatable about an axis X22, and is connected to the base plate 21 by a hinge 222 for rotation about the axis X22.
  • the movable member 22 is a deformable blade which is wedged at one end in the base 21.
  • the movable member 22 is also provided with a movable contact 224, also called mobile chip, and is extended on the opposite side to the articulation 222 by a trigger 226.
  • the member 22 is rotatable about the axis X22 between a first configuration of the contactor where the movable contact 224 is spaced from the fixed contact 244 and a second configuration of the contactor where the movable contact 224 bears against the fixed contact 244.
  • the actuator 3 comprises a magnetic core 4 which comprises a first 42A and a second 42B lateral branches and a central branch 44.
  • the first lateral branch 42A is provided with a first end 420A and a second end 421A
  • the second lateral branch 42B is also provided with a first end 420B and a second end 421 B.
  • the first ends 420A and 420B are interconnected by the central branch 44, while the second ends 421A and 421B each comprise a first end 42B.
  • abutment surface 422A and second abutment surface 422B The magnetic core 4 is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry P4, this plane of symmetry being substantially perpendicular to the central branch 44.
  • the lateral branches 42A and 42B each further comprise a projection 424A and a projection 424B, the projections each extending from a corresponding branch to the other branch and substantially parallel to the central branch 44.
  • the protrusions 424A and 424B are disposed on either side of the plane of symmetry P4.
  • a spacing 36 is defined between the protrusions 424A and 424B.
  • the actuator 3 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 6 which is wound around the central branch 44 of the core 4, the coil 6 being able to generate a magnetic flux FM6 ( Figures 5 and 8 ), also called coil flow, through the core 4.
  • FM6 Magnetic flux 6
  • the actuator 3 also comprises a magnetized member 8 which comprises a permanent magnet 80 and metal parts 81 on either side of the permanent magnet 80.
  • the magnetic member 8 is able to generate a magnetic flux FM8 ( Figures 4 to 9 ), also called magnet flux, and which has first and second contact surfaces 802A and 802B.
  • the magnetic member 8 is movable with respect to the magnetic core 4 between a first position in which the first contact surface 802A bears against the first abutment surface 422A and a second position in which the second contact surface 802B is in abutment against the second abutment surface 422B.
  • the magnetic member 8 is rotatable relative to the magnetic core 4 along a longitudinal axis X8.
  • a spacing 32A is present between the first abutment surface 422A and the first contact surface 802A when the magnet member 8 is not in its first position.
  • a spacing 32B is also present between the second abutment surface 422B and the second contact surface 802B when the magnet member 8 is not in its second position.
  • Each spacing 32A, 32B is preferably filled with air, and then corresponds to a volume of air.
  • the magnet member is separated from the first lateral branch 42A, outside the first contact surfaces 802A and abutment 422A, by a first lateral spacing 34A.
  • the magnet member is also separated from the second lateral branch 42B, outside the second contact surfaces 802B and abutment 422B, by a second lateral spacing 34B.
  • Each lateral spacing 34A, 34B is preferably filled with air, and then corresponds to a volume of air.
  • the magnetic core 4 then forms a magnetic circuit for the FM6 coil flux and the FM8 magnet flux.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is able to pass through the spacings 32A and 32B, the spacing 32A forming a first gap E1 and the spacing 32B forming a second gap E2 for the magnetic circuit.
  • the gap E1 has a reluctance R32A
  • the gap E2 has a reluctance R32B
  • the gap 34A has a reluctance R34A
  • the gap 34B has a reluctance R34B.
  • the gaps E1 and E2 are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry P4.
  • d32A denotes the length of the spacing 32A in a direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4 and d32B the length of the spacing 32B in this direction.
  • d34A also denotes the length of the lateral spacing 34A and d34b the length of the lateral spacing 34B along the same direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4.
  • the stream FM6 coil is adapted to pass through the spacing 36, for example filled with air, this spacing defining a third gap E3.
  • the air gap E3 has a reluctance R36.
  • the air gap E3 advantageously makes it possible to adjust the FM8 coil flux required to switch the actuator 3.
  • the magnet 80 comprises a stack of layers of magnetic material.
  • the magnet 80 is for example constituted by the stack of layers of magnetic material.
  • the 82 is a core of the magnetized member 8, also called the central core, that is to say the portion of the magnetized member 8 which remains surrounded by the lateral branches 42A and 42B and the central branch 44.
  • a finger 84 of the magnetized member 8 which extends the core 82 in the plane P4 in the opposite direction to the electromagnetic coil 6.
  • the finger 84 comes from material with the heart 82 of the magnetized member 8. According to the plan of symmetry P4, the finger 84 has a width less than that of the core 82.
  • the magnetized member 8 has, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4, a generally rectangular-shaped section.
  • the magnetized member has, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4, a generally cross-shaped section, that is to say, the contact surfaces 802A and 802B are formed respectively on projections 86A and 86B at level of the core 82 of the element 8.
  • the projections 86A and 86B extend on either side of the central core 82, preferably substantially perpendicular to the central core 82.
  • the electric switch 2 is also provided with a member 26 for transmitting force between the actuator 3 and the movable member 22.
  • the transmission member 26 comprises a first housing 262, which is intended to receive the finger 84, and a second housing 264 for receiving the trigger 226 of the movable member 22.
  • the first housing 262 is for example dimensioned in a manner adjusted with respect to the finger 84, so that the magnetic member 8 is secured to the transmission member 26.
  • a spring 266 is disposed between a first side surface 2640 of the second housing 264 and a side surface 2260 of the trigger 226, the spring 266 working in translation and opposing the movement of the trigger 226 in the second housing 264, the trigger being then bearing against a second side surface 2642 of the second housing 264.
  • the force transmission member 26 is configured to transmit the movement of the magnetized member 8 to the movable member 22, which is then adapted to start in rotation about the axis X22 and via the hinge 222 between its first and second positions.
  • the actuator 3 of the electric switch 2 is therefore able to cause the movable member 22 to move between the first configuration where the movable contact 224 is moved away from the fixed contact 244 and the second configuration where the movable contact 224 bears against the fixed contact 244.
  • the first configuration which is represented at figure 2 , corresponds to the open configuration of the electric contactor 2.
  • the second configuration which is represented in FIG. figure 3 , corresponds to the closed configuration of the electric switch 2.
  • the magnet member 8 In the open configuration of the electric contactor 2, shown in the Figures 4 and 7 the magnet member 8 is in its first position, that is, the contact surface 802A of the magnet member bears against the abutment surface 422A, the first spacing 32A and the first air gap E1 being then void.
  • the reluctance R32A is then negligible in comparison with the reluctance R32B and the magnet flux FM8 is able to pass through the first contact surfaces 802A and abutment 422A which bear against each other.
  • the magnet flux FM8 then generates a magnetic force which keeps the magnetized member 8 in its first position, which corresponds to the open configuration of the electric contactor 2.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is suitable to generate a force for maintaining the magnetized member 8 in this first position which is then a stable position.
  • the FM6 coil flux When the coil 6 is electrically powered, the FM6 coil flux is generated through the core 4 in a clockwise direction, the FM6 coil flux passing through the third gap E3, as shown in FIGS. Figures 5 and 8 . Depending on the intensity of the current that supplies the coil 6, the FM6 coil flux has different values.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is slightly deflected, that is to say the magnet flux FM8 is separated into two magnet fluxes FM8A and FM8B, a first magnet flux FM8A flowing through the first air gap E1 and a second stream FM8B magnet flowing through the second gap E2.
  • the intensity of the second magnet flux FM8B is directly proportional to the flux flux FM6.
  • the second magnet flux FM8B remains, for example, less than the first magnet flux FM8A as long as the FM6 coil flux is less than 25% of its maximum value.
  • the second magnet flux FM8B is smaller than the first magnet flux FM8A, the magnetized member 8 remains in its first position.
  • the maintenance effort generated by the first magnet flux FM8A is in fact greater than a so-called motor force generated by the second magnet flux FM8B.
  • the magnet flux FM8B becomes greater than the first flux magnet FM8A and the motor force becomes greater than the holding force .
  • the magnet flux FM8, deflected by the coil flux FM6, is able to generate a motor force which is able to move the magnetized member 8 from one of its positions to the other.
  • the magnetized member 8 is rotated about its axis X8; that is, the magnet 8 moves from the first position to the second position, the first contact surface 802A moving away from the first abutment surface 422A, the first spacing 32A reforming between these two surfaces 802A, 422A.
  • the FM6 coil flux is configured to deflect the magnet flux FM8 and reduce the holding force of the magnet member in the first position.
  • the magnet flux FM8 flows through the first air gap E1 as long as the coil 6 is not electrically powered, the magnetized member 8 being in its first position, and then separates into two magnet fluxes FM8A and FM8B, the first FM8A flowing through the first gap E1 and the second FM8B flowing through the second gap E2, and finally is reconstituted into a single flux FM8 which flows through the second air gap E2 when the magnet 8 is in its second position .
  • This second position of the magnet 8 corresponds to the closed configuration of the electric contactor 2.
  • the magnetized member 8 When the magnetized member 8 is in its second position, it is no longer necessary to electrically supply the coil 6 as the magnetic member 8 must remain in this position.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is again able to generate a force for holding the magnetized member 8 in this second position, when the coil 6 is not electrically powered. Indeed, the disappearance of the FM6 coil flux no longer influences the magnet flux FM8 which then circulates only through the second gap E2 among the first and second air gaps E1, E2 and ensures the maintenance of this second position which corresponds to another stable position of the magnet 8.
  • the actuator 3 is thus a bistable actuator, that is to say an actuator having two stable positions.
  • the generated FM6 coil flux is chosen to be greater than or equal to the flux necessary to deflect the entire magnet flux FM8.
  • the magnet flux FM8 useful for the movement is constant, and the excess of FM6 coil flux flowing via the air gaps E1 and E2 does not generate any motor force.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is able to generate a magnetic force, motor or holding, on the magnetized member 8 while the FM6 coil flux is able to direct the magnet flux FM8 to one of the first and second air gaps E1, E2.
  • This deflection of the magnet flux FM8 without influence of the motor force is due to the presence of the lateral spacings 34A and 34B.
  • This aspect of the actuator then makes it possible to dispense with a specific control electronics to control the supply current of the coil. This leads to a reduction in costs and a reduction in the size of the system.
  • the first air gap reluctance R32A is preferably less than or equal to half of the first spacing reluctance R34A, and similarly the second air gap reluctance R32B is preferably less than or equal to half of the second heat recovery reluctance.
  • spacing R34B, the spacing reluctances R32A, R32B being more preferably strictly less than half of the corresponding R34A, R34B spacing reluctances.
  • the R32A, R32B spacing reluctances generally have higher values than the other aforementioned reluctances of the magnetic circuit, so that the magnet flux FM8 is able to flow through the first E1 or second E2 air gaps while the coil flux FM6 is able to circulate through the third air gap E3.
  • the third air gap E3 makes it possible to delay the bell phenomenon, in other words magnetic loopback, previously described by limiting the level of magnetic induction in the first and second air gaps E1 and E2.
  • the section of the third gap E3 according to the plane P4 is preferably of area substantially equal to that of the section of the central branch 44 along this plane P4, in order to avoid premature saturation of the third gap E3.
  • the projections 424A and 424B are contiguous, that is to say they are in contact with each other, and the third gap E3 is not present.
  • the second ends 421A and 421B of the core 4 are further each provided with a spreader 426A and 426B which extends the core 4 and the spacings 32A and 32B.
  • expanders 426A and 426B further improves the operation of the actuator 3, in particular to ensure a better stability of the value of the switching time of the actuator 3.
  • the addition of the expander 426A and 426B makes it possible to ensure better circulation of the magnetic flux through the first and second air gaps E1, E2, and to limit leakage in the air in the vicinity of these first and second gaps E1, E2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
EP15192863.7A 2014-11-05 2015-11-04 Elektromechanisches stellglied und elektrischer kontaktschalter, der ein solches stellglied umfasst Active EP3018690B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1460667A FR3028090B1 (fr) 2014-11-05 2014-11-05 Actionneur electromagnetique et contacteur electrique comprenant un tel actionneur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3018690A1 true EP3018690A1 (de) 2016-05-11
EP3018690B1 EP3018690B1 (de) 2018-04-18

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EP (1) EP3018690B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2673025T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3028090B1 (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1155866A (en) * 1967-06-22 1969-01-09 Telephone & Electrical Industries Pty. Ltd Electromechanical bi-stable motive unit
FR2793944A1 (fr) 1999-05-20 2000-11-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de commande d'ouverture et/ou de fermeture, en particulier pour un appareil de coupure tel un disjoncteur, et disjoncteur equipe d'un tel dispositif
FR2849712A1 (fr) 2003-01-07 2004-07-09 Moving Magnet Tech Actionneur rotatif bistable monophase hybride
FR2951316A1 (fr) 2009-10-09 2011-04-15 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur bistable rotatif
US20130229246A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2013-09-05 Ken Fujita Latching relay

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1155866A (en) * 1967-06-22 1969-01-09 Telephone & Electrical Industries Pty. Ltd Electromechanical bi-stable motive unit
FR2793944A1 (fr) 1999-05-20 2000-11-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de commande d'ouverture et/ou de fermeture, en particulier pour un appareil de coupure tel un disjoncteur, et disjoncteur equipe d'un tel dispositif
FR2849712A1 (fr) 2003-01-07 2004-07-09 Moving Magnet Tech Actionneur rotatif bistable monophase hybride
FR2951316A1 (fr) 2009-10-09 2011-04-15 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur bistable rotatif
US20130229246A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2013-09-05 Ken Fujita Latching relay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3028090B1 (fr) 2018-04-13
EP3018690B1 (de) 2018-04-18
ES2673025T3 (es) 2018-06-19
FR3028090A1 (fr) 2016-05-06

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