EP3017034A1 - Method for producing a liquid fertilising agent and biogas plant for performing the method - Google Patents

Method for producing a liquid fertilising agent and biogas plant for performing the method

Info

Publication number
EP3017034A1
EP3017034A1 EP14734842.9A EP14734842A EP3017034A1 EP 3017034 A1 EP3017034 A1 EP 3017034A1 EP 14734842 A EP14734842 A EP 14734842A EP 3017034 A1 EP3017034 A1 EP 3017034A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
percolate
tank
sanitizing
contaminated
fermenter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14734842.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rolf LIEBENEINER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekon GmbH
Original Assignee
Bekon Holding AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekon Holding AG filed Critical Bekon Holding AG
Publication of EP3017034A1 publication Critical patent/EP3017034A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/40—Manifolds; Distribution pieces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/02—Percolation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/14—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus with filters, sieves or membranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M37/00—Means for sterilizing, maintaining sterile conditions or avoiding chemical or biological contamination
    • C12M37/02—Filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/14—Incubators; Climatic chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/16—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature by recirculation of culture medium at controlled temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/22—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes in contact with the bioreactor walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/16—Sterilization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for producing a liquid fertilizer and a biogas plant for carrying out the method.
  • Biogas plants are used to produce biogas by fermenting biomass in so-called fermenters. Depending on the type of biomass to be fermented, the fermentation in dry and wet fermentation can be differentiated. In the dry fermentation, as z. B. EP1301583B1 is known, compared to a wet fermentation dry and impurities (sand, stones, woody or fibrous components) containing biomass such as biowaste (organic waste of animal or vegetable origin, which can be degraded by microorganisms and / or enzymes) , Manure (mixture of livestock manure and litter) or grass used, which can be problematic in wet fermenting biogas plants.
  • the biomass used for dry fermentation is particularly stackable but not pumpable.
  • the fermentation may contain a water content of up to 70%.
  • the biomass is moistened with a liquid before and / or during the fermentation in order to obtain the necessary microbial processes, ie. H. initiate or maintain the anaerobic digestion taking place in the fermenters.
  • Water which has been enriched with a suitable bacterial culture can be used as the liquid, frequently also using a part of the percolating liquor referred to as percolate, which is taken from a lower section of the fermenter and sprinkled again over the biomass.
  • the percolate obtained in the fermentation is collected in suitable tanks, for example, later applied for fertilization on fields, in Germany under point 2.2.3 of the Biological Waste Ordinance (BioAbfV) from 04.04.2013 are processes to which the percolate must be subjected in order to be used for this purpose, and which are grouped together under the term "sanitation".
  • the percolate must be heated for one hour at a temperature of 70 ° C in order to achieve a predetermined quality (determined by the content of pathogens, weed seeds and other undesirable substances such as salmonella, cabbage hernia, tomato seeds) and thus environmental compatibility receive.
  • Both GB 2407088 A and EP 2275526 A2 disclose biogas plants with solids fermenters and percolate circulation.
  • the process control in the percolate tanks can be thermophilic so that the percolate in the percolate tank or percolate tanks is also sanitized.
  • the percolate tank is part of the percolate cycle, i. H. sanitized percolate is returned to the fermenter and is thereby contaminated again. Permanent percolation of the percolate can only take place if no more percolate is fed from the fermenter or returned to the fermenter.
  • the sanitation can be carried out independently and in parallel with the percolate cycle, the circulation of percolate between the fermenter and the percolate tank. Ie. whenever excess percolate is obtained, it can be transferred to the Hygiens iststank and sanitized there separately from the percolate in Perkolatniklauf. In this way, excess percolate accumulating in the fermenter during biogas production can also be hygienated. Also, the separation between percolate Tank and sanitizing tank prevents already sanitized percolate from being re-contaminated. Hygiensmaschine must therefore be carried out only "once".
  • the decontaminated percolate from the sanitizing tank can be temporarily stored in a storage tank.
  • the passage of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank takes place in an adaptive manner, d. H. either excess percolate must be drained from the Pekolat tank or there is a need for liquid fertilizer.
  • the level in the percolate tank and / or in the sanitizing tank determines the discharge of contaminated percolate into the sanitizing tank.
  • the contaminated percolate is conducted from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank as a function of the level of percolate in the sanitizing tank and / or the level of the contaminated percolate in the percolate tank and / or the fill level of the hydrogenated percolate in the storage tank.
  • a biogas plant for carrying out the process comprises a batch fermenter, a percolate tank, a sanitizing tank, and a temperature adjuster, wherein the percolate tank is connected to the fermenter to a percolate circuit, the sanitizing tank is connected to the percolate tank for receiving percolate and wherein percolate tank and sanitizing tank are separate or different components.
  • the temperature adjuster By the temperature adjuster the temperature in the sanitizing tank in the range of 65 °>T> 45 °, preferably 60 °>T> 50 °, held.
  • This temperature range means a thermophilic heat treatment of the percolate contained in the sanitizing tank.
  • "one” is to be defined as an indefinite article. so that, for example, "a percolate tank” is to be interpreted as “at least one percolate tank”. Since different information can be found in the literature on what is meant by "thermophilic", the temperature range of 65 °>T> 45 °, preferably 60 °>T> 50 °, called.
  • the sanitation temperature deviates from the corresponding specification of the BioAbfV, but leads to the same result if the time duration, essentially as a function of the temperature used, is correspondingly prolonged. In this way energy costs (heating costs) can be saved.
  • the sanitizing tank is arranged in the percolate tank.
  • This arrangement is usually possible because the sanitizing tank is usually smaller than the percolate tank, and is advantageous for structural reasons, since only a single foundation must be created. Furthermore, no or only short connecting lines between the two tanks are required and in turn can be saved - as compared to a separate arrangement - energy for maintaining the temperature of the percolate in the Hygienleiterstank by placing it in the percolate tank.
  • the term "in the percolate tank” includes only partial as well as complete placement of the sanitizing tank therein.
  • the sanitizing tank is disposed entirely within the percolate tank, for thermal reasons, preferably substantially so as to be completely surrounded by contaminated percolate.
  • the sanitizing tank and the percolate tank each have an excellent vertical axis.
  • the tanks are each preferably in the form of straight cylinders with a circular or square base, wherein the shape of both tanks can be identical, but not necessarily.
  • the sanitizing tank and the percolate tank are arranged concentrically with each other.
  • the arrangement of the sanitizing tank in the percolate tank is in principle arbitrary, a concentric arrangement is preferable for static reasons.
  • the sanitizing tank for receiving percolate is connected directly to the fermenter. That is, the sanitizing tank is connected directly and indirectly via the percolate tank to the fermenter. Caching of the percolate in the percolate tank is thus not necessary.
  • connection between the sanitizing tank and the fermenter either demand-responsive / situational or automatically produced and interrupted, for demand-responsive operation preferably a manually adjustable valve (or more manually operable valves) or an electromagnetic valve (or more electromagnetic valves) or a combination From this come used.
  • the automatic filling of the sanitizing tank directly from the fermenter is preferably carried out as a function of the filling level of the percolate in the sanitizing tank and / or that in the percolate tank. For example, with a full percolate tank, it is technically easier not to remove percolate from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank and then refill the percolate tank with percolate from the fermenter.
  • the temperature adjusting device comprises a heating device.
  • the heater for temperature control of the percolate is interpreted differently.
  • the heater is configured to extend into at least a portion of the floor and / or at least a portion of the wall of the sanitizing tank to permit the most uniform production and maintenance of the desired temperature.
  • heating elements may be disposed within the sanitizing tank, preferably in direct contact with the percolate.
  • heating elements in the interior of the sanitizing tank in conjunction with the heating by the percolate in the percolate tank, can provide uniform heating of the percolate in the sanitizing tank.
  • the heating power can be reduced in such a case.
  • the temperature adjusting device preferably also comprises a cooling device which, for example in summer, can counteract overheating of the percolate in the sanitizing tank.
  • the temperature adjusting device comprises a heat exchanger for heat transfer between the percolate tank and the hygiene tank and / or between the fermenter and the sanitizing tank.
  • the sanitizing tank in the percolate tank especially when the sanitizing tank is surrounded by percolate, it is advantageous to form at least a part of the wall of the sanitizing tank as an indirect heat exchanger. In the case of metallic tanks, of course, the entire wall acts as a heat exchanger.
  • a temperature control of the fermenter interior can be carried out by heating devices in a floor and / or in at least one wall for better control of the fermentation process.
  • a particularly uniform and efficient temperature control of the fermenter interior can be achieved by a heating device in the manner of underfloor heating in the floor and / or in at least one wall.
  • the biogas plant comprises several fermenters and / or several percolate tanks and / or several sanitation tanks, each of the several percolate tanks being connected to at least one of the several fermenters to at least one percolate circuit, each of the plurality of sanitizing tanks for receiving percolate is connected to at least one of the several percolate tanks, and each of the sanitizing tanks comprises a temperature adjuster for thermocharging the percolate in a temperature range of 65 °>T> 45 °, preferably 60 °>T> 50 °.
  • the use of several fermenters and / or several percolate tanks and / or several sanitation tanks not only increases the productivity, but in particular also the flexibility of the biogas plant.
  • each fermenter is connected to each percolate tank and sanitizing tank so as to form a network of co-operating fermenters and tanks.
  • This also has the advantage that the operation of the biogas plant during maintenance or accident can be largely continued unhindered.
  • several sanitizing tanks are located in a single percolate tank or, if required, multiple tanks can be cascaded together.
  • the biogas plant according to this advantageous development in principle comprises any number of fermenters and tanks
  • a complex biogas plant can be preferably constructed of subunits with exactly one fermenter, exactly one sanitizing tank, exactly one percolate tank, etc.
  • the (at least one) percolate tank of the biogas plant according to the invention for the production of biogas from biomass according to the principle of dry fermentation is in turn part of a biogas plant for production of biogas from biomass according to the principle of wet fermentation.
  • the biogas plant comprises a control device for controlling all its components. This is particularly useful in view of the possibilities that are given by the biogas plant defined in claim 8.
  • the components mentioned in particular include valves, level indicators, temperature sensors, leakage detectors, devices for detecting faults in electrical devices, etc.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the principle of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a biogas plant according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • 3 shows a biogas plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a biogas plant according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the principle of the present invention.
  • a percolate cycle is maintained via a first and a second Perkolat glacien 3 a and 3 b.
  • Excess percolate is passed via a third Perkolat réelle 3c in a sanitation tank 4.
  • the connection between the percolate tank 2 and the sanitizing tank 4 is separated and the percolate in the hygiene tank 4 is sanitized by thermophilic processing.
  • liquid fertilizer in the form of the sanitized Perklats is withdrawn from the sanitation tank 4 via a fourth percolate line 3d.
  • contaminated percolate can also be conducted directly from the fermenter 1 into the hygiene tank 4.
  • the percolate line 3e is also interrupted.
  • the biogas plant 10 comprises four fermenters 12, which are connected to a percolate tank 18 via percolate lines 14, which respectively open into a first percolate main line 16. From the first percolate main line 16, percolate return lines 20 lead indirectly to the respective fermenters 12 in order to remove, during the dry fermentation process, the biomass (the substrate) contained in the fermenters 12 with bacteria-enriched bacteria. to sprinkle and moisten the cola.
  • the same purpose is served by a second percolate main line 22, which feeds percolate from the percolate tank 18 via percolate secondary lines 24 to the respective fermenters 22.
  • the biogas plant further comprises a sanitizing tank 26 disposed in the percolate tank 18 at an elevated position coaxial with the percolate tank 18 such that its upper end is level with an upper end of the percolate tank 18, as shown in FIG 2 and a storage tank 30 connected to the sanitizing tank 26 via a percolate discharge line 28.
  • a side wall and a bottom of the sanitizing tank 26 are substantially completely in contact with percolate.
  • the percolate flow in the lines 14, 16, 22, 24 and 28 is realized by means of pumps (not shown) and check valves 32, which are respectively controlled by a control unit (not shown), and its direction is shown in FIG Arrows on the lines 14, 16, 22, 24 and 28 shown.
  • the reference character "P" in FIG. 1 designates a percolate line which supplies contaminated percolate from the fermenters 12 for thermophilic sanitation (decontamination) to the sanitizing tank 26.
  • the biogas plant according to the first embodiment comprises four individual percolate circuits, each leading via one of the percolate return lines 20, and a main percolate circuit passing over the second percolate main line 22.
  • the percolate cycles can be switched separately or in any combination.
  • the percolate can be supplied via the second percolate main conduit 22 by opening / closing corresponding ones of the valves 32 in the percolate subcircuits 24 to only one or all of the fermentors 22.
  • Fig. 3 shows a biogas plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the biogas plant according to the first embodiment only in that it another percolate tank 18, in which a further Hygientechnikstank 26 is arranged in a corresponding manner, and a more Storage tank 30 includes.
  • the further percolate tank 18 is in turn connected to each of the fermenters 22 via further percolate ducts 16 and 22, and the further sanitizer tank 26 is connected to the further storage tank 30 via a further percolate discharge duct 28.
  • the biogas plant according to the second embodiment results from the biogas plant according to the first embodiment, by adding another unit 34, which is outlined in dashed lines in Fig. 2, added and functionally equivalent.
  • the biogas plant according to the second embodiment thus comprises a further percolate circulation, which recycles percolate from the further percolate tank 18 to the fermenters 22.
  • FIG 4 shows a biogas plant according to a third embodiment, which differs from the biogas plant according to the second embodiment in that the two sanitation tanks 26 are additionally connected "crosswise" with the two storage tanks 30.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a liquid fertilising agent and a biogas plant for performing the method. Percolate must be sanitised in order that the percolate can be applied to fields as liquid fertiliser. From both GB 2407088 A and EP 2275526 A2, biogas plants having a solids digester and a percolate circuit are known. The process control in the percolate tanks can be thermophilic, so that the percolate is also sanitised in the percolate tank or percolate tanks. However, the percolate tank is part of the percolate circuit, i.e., sanitised percolate is fed back into the digester and is thereby recontaminated. By providing a percolate tank and a sanitising tank that are different components, the sanitising can be performed independently of and in parallel with the percolate circuit, the circulation of percolate between the digester and the percolate tank. That is, whenever excess percolate accumulates, the excess percolate can be transferred to the sanitising tank and sanitised there while separated from the percolate in the percolate circuit. Thus, surplus percolate that accumulates can be sanitised even while biogas is being produced in the digester. Also, the separation between the percolate tank and the sanitising tank prevents percolate that has already been sanitised from becoming recontaminated. Therefore, the sanitising has to be performed only "once".

Description

Beschreibung  description
Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines flüssigen Düngemittels und eine Biogasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Process for producing a liquid fertilizer and a biogas plant for carrying out the process
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines flüssigen Düngemittels und eine Biogasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. The present invention relates to methods for producing a liquid fertilizer and a biogas plant for carrying out the method.
Biogasanlagen dienen der Erzeugung von Biogas durch Fermentation von Biomasse in so genannten Fermentern. In Abhängigkeit von der Art der zu fermentierenden Biomasse lässt sich die Fermentation in Trocken- und Nassfermentation unterscheiden. Bei der Trockenfermentation, wie sie z. B. aus der EP1301583B1 bekannt ist, wird eine im Vergleich zur Nassfermentation trockene und Störstoffe (Sand, Steine, holzige oder faserige Bestandteile) enthaltende Biomasse wie Bioabfall (organischer Abfall tierischer oder pflanzlicher Herkunft, der durch Mikroorganismen und/oder Enzyme abgebaut werden kann), Mist (Mischung aus Viehdung und Einstreu) oder Gras verwendet, die in nass- fermentierenden Biogasanlagen problematisch sein können. Die zur Trockenfermentation verwendete Biomasse ist insbesondere stapelbar, jedoch nicht pumpbar. Die Bezeichnung der Fermentation als "trocken" ist jedoch wie oben angedeutet nur relativ zu verstehen und eher missverständlich, da die verwendete Biomasse (auch als Substrat bezeichnet) einen Wasseranteil von bis zu 70% enthalten kann. Meist wird die Biomasse vor und/oder während der Fermentation mit einer Flüssigkeit befeuchtet, um die notwendigen mikrobiellen Prozesse, d. h. den in den Fermentern stattfindenden anaeroben Abbau, einzuleiten bzw. zu unterhalten. Als Flüssigkeit kann mit einer geeigneten Bakterienkultur angereichertes Wasser verwendet werden, wobei auch häufig ein Teil der als Perkolat bezeichneten Sickerflüssigkeit verwendet wird, die an einem unteren Abschnitt des Fermenters entnommen und wieder über die Biomasse gesprenkelt wird. Biogas plants are used to produce biogas by fermenting biomass in so-called fermenters. Depending on the type of biomass to be fermented, the fermentation in dry and wet fermentation can be differentiated. In the dry fermentation, as z. B. EP1301583B1 is known, compared to a wet fermentation dry and impurities (sand, stones, woody or fibrous components) containing biomass such as biowaste (organic waste of animal or vegetable origin, which can be degraded by microorganisms and / or enzymes) , Manure (mixture of livestock manure and litter) or grass used, which can be problematic in wet fermenting biogas plants. The biomass used for dry fermentation is particularly stackable but not pumpable. The designation of the fermentation as "dry", however, as indicated above, only relatively understand and rather misleading, since the biomass used (also referred to as a substrate) may contain a water content of up to 70%. In most cases, the biomass is moistened with a liquid before and / or during the fermentation in order to obtain the necessary microbial processes, ie. H. initiate or maintain the anaerobic digestion taking place in the fermenters. Water which has been enriched with a suitable bacterial culture can be used as the liquid, frequently also using a part of the percolating liquor referred to as percolate, which is taken from a lower section of the fermenter and sprinkled again over the biomass.
Der weitaus größte Teil des bei der Fermentierung anfallenden Perkolats wird jedoch in geeigneten Tanks gesammelt, um zum Beispiel später zur Düngung auf Felder ausgebracht zu werden, wobei in Deutschland unter Punkt 2.2.3 der Bioabfallverordnung (BioAbfV) vom 04.04.2013 Prozesse geregelt sind, denen das Perkolat unterzogen werden muss, um dieser Verwendung zugeführt werden zu können, und die darin unter dem Begriff "Hygienisierung" zusammengefasst sind. Insbesondere muss gemäß der BioAbfV das Perkolat eine Stunde auf einer Temperatur von 70°C erhitzt werden, um eine vorbestimmte Qualität (bestimmt durch den Gehalt an Krankheitserregern, Unkrautsamen und anderen unerwünschten Inhaltsstoffen wie etwa Salmonellen, Kohl- hernie, Tomatensamen) und damit Umweltverträglichkeit zu erhalten. However, by far the largest part of the percolate obtained in the fermentation is collected in suitable tanks, for example, later applied for fertilization on fields, in Germany under point 2.2.3 of the Biological Waste Ordinance (BioAbfV) from 04.04.2013 are processes to which the percolate must be subjected in order to be used for this purpose, and which are grouped together under the term "sanitation". In particular, according to the BioAbfV, the percolate must be heated for one hour at a temperature of 70 ° C in order to achieve a predetermined quality (determined by the content of pathogens, weed seeds and other undesirable substances such as salmonella, cabbage hernia, tomato seeds) and thus environmental compatibility receive.
Sowohl aus der GB 2407088 A als auch aus der EP 2275526 A2 sind Biogasanlagen mit Feststoffermenter und Perkolatkreislauf bekannt. Die Prozessführung in den Perko- lat-Tanks kann thermophil sein, so dass das Perkolat in dem Perkolat-Tank oder Per- kolat-Tanks auch hygienisiert wird. Allerdings ist der Perkolat-Tank teil des Perko- latkreislaufs, d. h. hygienisiertes Perkolat wird in den Fermenter zurückgeführt und wird dadurch wieder kontaminiert. Eine dauerhafte Hygienisierung des Perkolats kann erst dann erfolgen, wenn kein Perkolat mehr aus dem Fermenter zugeführt bzw in den Fermenter rückgeführt wird. Both GB 2407088 A and EP 2275526 A2 disclose biogas plants with solids fermenters and percolate circulation. The process control in the percolate tanks can be thermophilic so that the percolate in the percolate tank or percolate tanks is also sanitized. However, the percolate tank is part of the percolate cycle, i. H. sanitized percolate is returned to the fermenter and is thereby contaminated again. Permanent percolation of the percolate can only take place if no more percolate is fed from the fermenter or returned to the fermenter.
Ausgehend von der GB 2407088 A oder der EP 2275526 A2 ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines flüssigen Düngemittels aus Perkolat bereitzustellen, das auch während des Betriebes des Fermenters angezogen werden kann. Weiter ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Biogasanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens anzugeben. Starting from GB 2407088 A or EP 2275526 A2 it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing a liquid percolate fertilizer which can also be attracted during operation of the fermenter. It is another object of the present invention to provide a biogas plant for carrying out this method.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen definiert. These objects are achieved by the features of claims 1 and 8, respectively. Advantageous developments are defined in the respective subclaims.
Dadurch, dass Perkolat-Tank und Hygienisierungstank unterschiedliche Bauteile sind, kann die Hygienisierung unabhängig und parallel zum Perkolatkreislauf, der Zirkulierung von Perkolat zwischen Fermenter und Perkolat-Tank, durchgeführt werden. D. h. immer wenn überschüssiges Perkolat anfällt, kann dieses in den Hygiensierungstank überführt und dort getrennt von dem Perkolat im Perkolatkreislauf hygienisiert werden. Damit kann auch während der Biogaserzeugung in dem Fermenter anfallendes Über- schussperkolat hygiensiert werden. Auch wird durch die Trennung zwischen Perkolat- Tank und Hygienisierungstank verhindert, dass bereits hygienisiertes Perkolat wieder kontaminiert wird. Die Hygiensierung muss daher nur„einmal" durchgeführt werden. Since the percolate tank and sanitizing tank are different components, the sanitation can be carried out independently and in parallel with the percolate cycle, the circulation of percolate between the fermenter and the percolate tank. Ie. whenever excess percolate is obtained, it can be transferred to the Hygiensierungstank and sanitized there separately from the percolate in Perkolatkreislauf. In this way, excess percolate accumulating in the fermenter during biogas production can also be hygienated. Also, the separation between percolate Tank and sanitizing tank prevents already sanitized percolate from being re-contaminated. Hygiensierung must therefore be carried out only "once".
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 2) kann das dekontaminierte Perkolat aus dem Hygienisierungstank in einen Lagertank zwischengespeichert werden. According to an advantageous development (claim 2), the decontaminated percolate from the sanitizing tank can be temporarily stored in a storage tank.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 3, 4 und 5) erfolgt das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats von dem Perkolat-Tank in den Hygienisierungstank bedarfs- adaptiv, d. h. entweder muss überschüssiges Perkolat aus dem Pekolat-Tank abgeleitet werden oder es besteht Bedarf an flüssigem Düngemittel. Der Füllstand im Perkolat- Tank und/oder im Hygienisierungstank entscheidet über die Ableitung von kontaminiertem Perkolat in den Hygienisierungstank. According to an advantageous development (claim 3, 4 and 5), the passage of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank takes place in an adaptive manner, d. H. either excess percolate must be drained from the Pekolat tank or there is a need for liquid fertilizer. The level in the percolate tank and / or in the sanitizing tank determines the discharge of contaminated percolate into the sanitizing tank.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 6) erfolgt das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats von dem Perkolat-Tank in den Hygienisierungstank in Abhängigkeit von dem Füllstand des Perkolats in dem Hygienisierungstank und/oder dem Füllstand des kontaminierten Perkolats in dem Perkolat-Tank und/oder dem Füllstand des hygie- nisierten Perkolats in dem Lagertank. According to an advantageous development (claim 6), the contaminated percolate is conducted from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank as a function of the level of percolate in the sanitizing tank and / or the level of the contaminated percolate in the percolate tank and / or the fill level of the hydrogenated percolate in the storage tank.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 7) erfolgt das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats von dem Perkolat-Tank in den Hygienisierungstank immer erst nach dem vollständigen Ableiten des hygienisierten Perkolats aus dem Hygienisierungstank. According to an advantageous development (claim 7), the passing of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank always takes place only after the complete removal of the sanitized percolate from the sanitizing tank.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung (Anspruch 8) umfasst eine Biogasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens einen im Batchbetrieb arbeitenden Fermenter, einen Perkolat- Tank, einen Hygienisierungstank, und eine Temperatureinstelleinrichtung, wobei der Perkolat-Tank mit dem Fermenter zu einem Perkolatkreislauf verbunden ist, wobei der Hygienisierungstank zur Aufnahme von Perkolat mit dem Perkolat-Tank verbunden ist und wobei Perkolat-Tank und Hygienisierungstank getrennte bzw. unterschiedliche Bauteile sind. According to the present invention (claim 8), a biogas plant for carrying out the process comprises a batch fermenter, a percolate tank, a sanitizing tank, and a temperature adjuster, wherein the percolate tank is connected to the fermenter to a percolate circuit, the sanitizing tank is connected to the percolate tank for receiving percolate and wherein percolate tank and sanitizing tank are separate or different components.
Durch die Temperatureinstelleinrichtung wird die Temperatur im Hygienisierungstank im Bereich von 65°> T > 45°, vorzugsweise 60°> T >50°, gehalten. Dieser Temperaturbereich bedeutet eine thermophile Temperaturbehandlung des in dem Hygienisierungstank enthaltenen Perkolats. Hierbei ist "einen" jeweils als unbestimmter Artikel zu ver- stehen, so dass zum Beispiel "einen Perkolat-Tank" als "wenigstens einen Perkolat- Tank" zu interpretieren ist. Da in der Literatur unterschiedliche Angaben zu dem zu finden sind, was unter "thermophil" zu verstehen ist, ist der Temperaturbereich von 65°> T > 45°, vorzugsweise 60°> T >50°, genannt. Die Hygienisierungstemperatur weicht erfindungsgemäß von der entsprechenden Vorgabe der BioAbfV ab, führt jedoch zum gleichen Ergebnis, wenn die Zeitdauer, im Wesentlichen in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Temperatur, entsprechend verlängert wird. Auf diese Weise können Energiekosten (Heizkosten) eingespart werden. By the temperature adjuster the temperature in the sanitizing tank in the range of 65 °>T> 45 °, preferably 60 °>T> 50 °, held. This temperature range means a thermophilic heat treatment of the percolate contained in the sanitizing tank. Here, "one" is to be defined as an indefinite article. so that, for example, "a percolate tank" is to be interpreted as "at least one percolate tank". Since different information can be found in the literature on what is meant by "thermophilic", the temperature range of 65 °>T> 45 °, preferably 60 °>T> 50 °, called. According to the invention, the sanitation temperature deviates from the corresponding specification of the BioAbfV, but leads to the same result if the time duration, essentially as a function of the temperature used, is correspondingly prolonged. In this way energy costs (heating costs) can be saved.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 9) ist der Hygienisierungstank in dem Perkolat-Tank angeordnet. Diese Anordnung ist meist möglich, da der Hygienisierungstank normalerweise kleiner als der Perkolat-Tank ist, und ist aus bautechnischen Gründen vorteilhaft, da nur ein einziges Fundament erstellt werden muss. Ferner sind keine bzw. nur kurze Verbindungsleitungen zwischen beiden Tanks erforderlich und kann wiederum - im Vergleich zu einer separaten Anordnung - Energie zur Aufrechterhaltung der Temperatur des Perkolats in dem Hygienisierungstank durch dessen Anordnung in dem Perkolat-Tank eingespart werden. Der Ausdruck "in dem Perkolat- Tank" umfasst eine nur teilweise ebenso wie eine vollständige Anordnung des Hygieni- sierungstanks darin. Vorzugsweise ist der Hygienisierungstank vollständig innerhalb des Perkolat-Tanks angeordnet, aus thermischen Gründen vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen derart, dass er vollständig von kontaminiertem Perkolat umgeben sein kann. According to an advantageous development (claim 9), the sanitizing tank is arranged in the percolate tank. This arrangement is usually possible because the sanitizing tank is usually smaller than the percolate tank, and is advantageous for structural reasons, since only a single foundation must be created. Furthermore, no or only short connecting lines between the two tanks are required and in turn can be saved - as compared to a separate arrangement - energy for maintaining the temperature of the percolate in the Hygienisierungstank by placing it in the percolate tank. The term "in the percolate tank" includes only partial as well as complete placement of the sanitizing tank therein. Preferably, the sanitizing tank is disposed entirely within the percolate tank, for thermal reasons, preferably substantially so as to be completely surrounded by contaminated percolate.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung weisen der Hygienisierungstank und der Perkolat-Tank jeweils eine ausgezeichnete vertikale Achse auf. Aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen sind demnach die Tanks jeweils vorzugsweise in Form gerader Zylinder mit kreisförmiger oder quadratischer Grundfläche ausgebildet, wobei die Form beider Tanks identisch sein kann, aber nicht muss. According to an advantageous development, the sanitizing tank and the percolate tank each have an excellent vertical axis. For technical reasons, therefore, the tanks are each preferably in the form of straight cylinders with a circular or square base, wherein the shape of both tanks can be identical, but not necessarily.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 10) sind der Hygienisierungstank und der Perkolat-Tank konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet. Obgleich die Anordnung des Hygienisierungstanks in dem Perkolat-Tank im Prinzip beliebig ist, ist eine konzentrische Anordnung aus statischen Gründen vorzuziehen. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 11 ) ist der Hygienisierungstank zur Aufnahme von Perkolat direkt mit dem Fermenter verbunden. Das heißt, der Hygienisierungstank ist direkt und indirekt über den Perkolat-Tank mit dem Fermenter verbunden. Eine Zwischenspeicherung des Perkolats in dem Perkolat-Tank ist somit nicht notwendig. Vorzugsweise kann die Verbindung zwischen dem Hygienisierungstank und dem Fermenter entweder bedarfsadaptiv/situationsbedingt oder automatisch hergestellt und unterbrochen werden, wobei zur bedarfsadaptiven Betätigung vorzugsweise ein manuell einstellbares Ventil (oder mehrere manuell betätigbare Ventile) oder ein elektromagnetischen Ventil (oder mehrere elektromagnetische Ventile) oder eine Kombination hieraus zum Einsatz kommen. Die automatische Befüllung des Hygienisierungstanks direkt von dem Fermenter erfolgt vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von der Füllstandshöhe des Perkolats im Hygienisierungstank und/oder derjenigen im Perkolat-Tank. Zum Beispiel ist es bei voll gefülltem Perkolat-Tank technisch einfacher, nicht erst Perkolat vom Perkolat-Tank in den Hygienisierungstank abzuführen und anschließend den Perkolat- Tank wieder mit Perkolat vom Fermenter aufzufüllen. According to an advantageous embodiment (claim 10), the sanitizing tank and the percolate tank are arranged concentrically with each other. Although the arrangement of the sanitizing tank in the percolate tank is in principle arbitrary, a concentric arrangement is preferable for static reasons. According to an advantageous development (claim 11), the sanitizing tank for receiving percolate is connected directly to the fermenter. That is, the sanitizing tank is connected directly and indirectly via the percolate tank to the fermenter. Caching of the percolate in the percolate tank is thus not necessary. Preferably, the connection between the sanitizing tank and the fermenter either demand-responsive / situational or automatically produced and interrupted, for demand-responsive operation preferably a manually adjustable valve (or more manually operable valves) or an electromagnetic valve (or more electromagnetic valves) or a combination From this come used. The automatic filling of the sanitizing tank directly from the fermenter is preferably carried out as a function of the filling level of the percolate in the sanitizing tank and / or that in the percolate tank. For example, with a full percolate tank, it is technically easier not to remove percolate from the percolate tank into the sanitizing tank and then refill the percolate tank with percolate from the fermenter.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung (Anspruch 12) umfasst die Temperatureinstelleinrichtung eine Heizvorrichtung. Je nach Anordnung von Hygienisierungstank und Perkolat-Tank (nebeneinander oder, wie es in Anspruch 9 definiert ist, ineinander) ist die Heizvorrichtung zur Temperierung des Perkolats unterschiedlich auszulegen. Vorzugsweise ist die Heizvorrichtung so ausgestaltet, dass sie sich in wenigstens einem Teil des Bodens und/oder wenigstens einem Teil der Wand des Hygienisierungstanks erstreckt, um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Erzeugung und Haltung der gewünschten Temperatur zu ermöglichen. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können Heizelemente innerhalb des Hygienisierungstanks, vorzugsweise in direktem Kontakt mit dem Perkolat, angeordnet sein. Insbesondere bei einer konzentrischen Ineinanderanordnung von Hygienisierungstank und Perkolat-Tank, d. h. wenn ersterer von letzterem umgeben ist, können Heizelemente im Inneren des Hygienisierungstanks in Verbindung mit der Erwärmung durch das Perkolat im Perkolat-Tank zu einer gleichmäßigen Erwärmung des Perkolats in dem Hygienisierungstank sorgen. Die Heizleistung kann in einem solchen Fall verringert werden. Vorzugsweise umfasst die Temperatureinstelleinrichtung zudem eine Kühlvorrichtung, die, zum Beispiel im Sommer, einer Überhitzung des Perkolats im Hygienisierungstank entgegenwirken kann. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung umfasst die Temperatureinstelleinrichtung einen Wärmetauscher zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Perkolat-Tank und dem Hy- gienisierungstank und/oder zwischen dem Fermenter und dem Hygienisierungstank. Je nach den Randbedingungen (Klimaverhältnisse, Größe und Ausgestaltung der Tanks, etc.) kann die von dem Perkolat-Tank über den Wärmetauscher an den Hygienisierungstank abgegebene Wärme zur Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung der thermophilen Temperatur ausreichend sein oder muss durch Wärme aus der oben genannte Heizvorrichtung ergänzt werden. Bei der oben genannten Anordnung des Hygienisierungstanks in dem Perkolat-Tank, insbesondere wenn der Hygienisierungstank von Perkolat umgeben ist, ist es vorteilhaft, wenigstens einen Teil der Wand des Hygienisierungsbehälters als indirekter Wärmeüberträger auszubilden. Im Fall von metallischen Tanks wirkt natürlich die gesamte Wand als Wärmetauscher. According to an advantageous development (claim 12), the temperature adjusting device comprises a heating device. Depending on the arrangement of Hygienisierungstank and percolate tank (side by side or, as defined in claim 9, each other), the heater for temperature control of the percolate is interpreted differently. Preferably, the heater is configured to extend into at least a portion of the floor and / or at least a portion of the wall of the sanitizing tank to permit the most uniform production and maintenance of the desired temperature. Additionally or alternatively, heating elements may be disposed within the sanitizing tank, preferably in direct contact with the percolate. Particularly in the case of a concentric arrangement of sanitizing tank and percolate tank, ie if the former is surrounded by the latter, heating elements in the interior of the sanitizing tank, in conjunction with the heating by the percolate in the percolate tank, can provide uniform heating of the percolate in the sanitizing tank. The heating power can be reduced in such a case. The temperature adjusting device preferably also comprises a cooling device which, for example in summer, can counteract overheating of the percolate in the sanitizing tank. According to an advantageous development, the temperature adjusting device comprises a heat exchanger for heat transfer between the percolate tank and the hygiene tank and / or between the fermenter and the sanitizing tank. Depending on the boundary conditions (climatic conditions, size and configuration of the tanks, etc.) may be sufficient from the percolate tank via the heat exchanger to the Hygienisierungstank heat to produce and maintain the thermophilic temperature or must be supplemented by heat from the above heater become. In the above-mentioned arrangement of the sanitizing tank in the percolate tank, especially when the sanitizing tank is surrounded by percolate, it is advantageous to form at least a part of the wall of the sanitizing tank as an indirect heat exchanger. In the case of metallic tanks, of course, the entire wall acts as a heat exchanger.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung kann eine Temperierung des Fermenterinnen- raumes zur besseren Kontrolle des Gärprozesses durch Heizvorrichtungen in einem Boden und / oder in wenigstens einer Wand durchgeführt werden. According to an advantageous development, a temperature control of the fermenter interior can be carried out by heating devices in a floor and / or in at least one wall for better control of the fermentation process.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung kann eine besonders gleichmäßige und effiziente Temperierung des Fermenterinnenraums durch eine Heizvorrichtung nach Art einer Fußbodenheizung im Boden und / oder in wenigstens einer Wand, erreicht werden. According to an advantageous development, a particularly uniform and efficient temperature control of the fermenter interior can be achieved by a heating device in the manner of underfloor heating in the floor and / or in at least one wall.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung umfasst die Biogasanlage mehrere Fermenter und/oder mehrere Perkolat-Tanks und/oder mehrere Hygienisierungstanks, wobei jeder der mehreren Perkolat-Tanks mit wenigstens einem der mehreren Fermenter zu wenigstens einem Perkolatkreislauf verbunden ist, jeder der mehreren Hygienisierungstanks zur Aufnahme von Perkolat mit wenigstens einem der mehreren Perkolat-Tanks verbunden ist, und jeder der Hygienisierungstanks eine Temperatureinstelleinrichtung zur thermophilen Temperaturbehandlung des Perkolats in einem Temperaturbereich von 65°> T > 45°, vorzugsweise 60°> T >50° umfasst. Die Verwendung von mehreren Fermentern und/oder mehreren Perkolat-Tanks und/oder mehreren Hygienisierungstanks erhöht nicht nur die Produktivität, sondern insbesondere auch die Flexibilität der Biogasanlage. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn die zu fermentierende Biomasse in ihrer Gesamtheit zu heterogen ist, um aus ihr effizient und effektiv Biogas zu erzeugen. Insbesondere kann es vorteilhaft sein, für unterschiedliche Substrate unterschiedliche Bakterienkulturen zu verwenden. Vorzugsweise ist jeder Fermenter mit jedem Perkolat-Tank und jedem Hygienisierungstank verbunden, um so ein Netzwerk aus miteinander kooperierenden Fermentern und Tanks zu bilden. Dies hat ferner den Vorteil, dass der Betrieb der Biogasanlage bei Wartungsarbeiten oder im Störfall weitestgehend ungehindert fortgesetzt werden kann. Vorzugsweise befinden sich mehrere Hygienisierungstanks in einem einzigen Perkolattank oder können bei Bedarf mehrere Tanks kaskadenartig miteinander verbunden werden. Obgleich die Biogasanlage gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Weiterbildung im Prinzip eine beliebige Anzahl von Fermentern und Tanks umfasst, kann eine komplexe Biogasanlage vorzugsweise aus Untereinheiten mit jeweils genau einem Fermenter, genau einem Hygienisierungstank, genau einem Perkolat-Tank etc. aufgebaut sein. Vorzugsweise, insbesondere aber nicht ausschließlich im Falle dieser vorteilhaften Weiterbildung, ist der (wenigstens ein) Hygienisierungstank und/oder der (wenigstens ein) Perkolat-Tank der erfindungsgemäßen Biogasanlage zur Erzeugung von Biogas aus Biomasse nach dem Prinzip der Trockenfermentation wiederum Teil einer Biogasanlage zur Erzeugung von Biogas aus Biomasse nach dem Prinzip der Nassfermentation. According to an advantageous development, the biogas plant comprises several fermenters and / or several percolate tanks and / or several sanitation tanks, each of the several percolate tanks being connected to at least one of the several fermenters to at least one percolate circuit, each of the plurality of sanitizing tanks for receiving percolate is connected to at least one of the several percolate tanks, and each of the sanitizing tanks comprises a temperature adjuster for thermocharging the percolate in a temperature range of 65 °>T> 45 °, preferably 60 °>T> 50 °. The use of several fermenters and / or several percolate tanks and / or several sanitation tanks not only increases the productivity, but in particular also the flexibility of the biogas plant. This is particularly advantageous if the fermented Biomass as a whole is too heterogeneous to produce biogas efficiently and effectively. In particular, it may be advantageous to use different bacterial cultures for different substrates. Preferably, each fermenter is connected to each percolate tank and sanitizing tank so as to form a network of co-operating fermenters and tanks. This also has the advantage that the operation of the biogas plant during maintenance or accident can be largely continued unhindered. Preferably, several sanitizing tanks are located in a single percolate tank or, if required, multiple tanks can be cascaded together. Although the biogas plant according to this advantageous development in principle comprises any number of fermenters and tanks, a complex biogas plant can be preferably constructed of subunits with exactly one fermenter, exactly one sanitizing tank, exactly one percolate tank, etc. Preferably, but especially not exclusively in the case of this advantageous development, the (at least one) percolate tank of the biogas plant according to the invention for the production of biogas from biomass according to the principle of dry fermentation is in turn part of a biogas plant for production of biogas from biomass according to the principle of wet fermentation.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung umfasst die Biogasanlage eine Steuerungseinrichtung zur Steuerung ihrer sämtlichen Komponenten. Dies ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeiten, die durch die in Anspruch 8 definierte Biogasanlage gegeben sind, zweckmäßig. Die genannten Komponenten umfassen insbesondere Ventile, Füllstandsmesser, Temperatursensoren, Leckagedetektoren, Einrichtungen zur Erfassung von Fehlern in elektrischen Einrichtungen etc. According to an advantageous development, the biogas plant comprises a control device for controlling all its components. This is particularly useful in view of the possibilities that are given by the biogas plant defined in claim 8. The components mentioned in particular include valves, level indicators, temperature sensors, leakage detectors, devices for detecting faults in electrical devices, etc.
Weitere Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden ersichtlich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen. In den Zeichnungen sind: Further advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings are:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Prinzips der vorliegenden Erfindung; Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the principle of the present invention;
Fig. 2 eine Biogasanlage gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung; Fig. 3 eine Biogasanlage gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung; und 2 shows a biogas plant according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 3 shows a biogas plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and
Fig. 4 eine Biogasanlage gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung. 4 shows a biogas plant according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch das Prinzip der vorliegenden Erfindung. Zwischen einen Feststoffermenter 1 mit Biomasse und einem Perkolat-Tank 2 wird über eine erste und eine zweite Perkolatleitungen 3a und 3b ein Perkolatkreislauf aufrechterhalten. Überschüssiges Perkolat wird über eine dritte Perkolatleitung 3c in einen Hygienisierungs- tank 4 geleitet. Wenn das Perkolat in dem Hygienisierungstank einen ausreichenden Füllstand erreicht hat, wird die Verbindung zwischen Perkolat-Tank 2 und Hygienisierungstank 4 getrennt und das Perkolat in dem Hygiensierungstank 4 wird durch ther- mophile Prozessführung hygienisiert. Nach Abschluss der Hygienisierung wird über eine vierte Perkolatleitung 3d Flüssigdünger in Form des hygienisierten Perklats aus dem Hygienisierungstank 4 abgezogen. Über eine fünfte Perkolatleitung 3e kann kontaminie- tes Perkolat auch direkt aus dem Fermenter 1 in den Hygiensierungstank 4 geleitet werden. Während de Hygienisierung wird die Perkolatleitung 3e auch unterbrochen. Die Abtrennung des Hygienisierungstanks 4 von dem Perkolatkreislauf mit Perkolat-Tank 2 und Fermenter 1 erfolgt mittels nicht dargestellter Ventile. Auf diese Weise wird sicher verhindert, dass während der Hygienisierung kontaminiertes Perkolat in den Hygienisierungstank 4 gelangt. Dadurch, dass Perkolat-Tank 2 und Hygienisierungstank 4 unterschiedliche Bauteile sind, kann die Biogaserzeugung in dem Fermenter 2 und die Hygienisierung in dem Hygienisierungstank 4 parallel ablaufen. Fig. 1 shows schematically the principle of the present invention. Between a Feststudgementer 1 with biomass and a percolate tank 2 a percolate cycle is maintained via a first and a second Perkolatleitungen 3 a and 3 b. Excess percolate is passed via a third Perkolatleitung 3c in a sanitation tank 4. When the percolate in the sanitizing tank has reached a sufficient level, the connection between the percolate tank 2 and the sanitizing tank 4 is separated and the percolate in the hygiene tank 4 is sanitized by thermophilic processing. After completion of the sanitation, liquid fertilizer in the form of the sanitized Perklats is withdrawn from the sanitation tank 4 via a fourth percolate line 3d. Via a fifth percolate line 3e, contaminated percolate can also be conducted directly from the fermenter 1 into the hygiene tank 4. During de Hygienisierung the percolate line 3e is also interrupted. The separation of the sanitizing tank 4 from the percolate circuit with percolate tank 2 and fermenter 1 by means not shown valves. In this way, it is reliably prevented that contaminated percolate enters the sanitizing tank 4 during the sanitation. Since percolate tank 2 and sanitizing tank 4 are different components, the biogas production in the fermenter 2 and the sanitation in the sanitizing tank 4 can be parallel.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Biogasanlage 10 gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung mit mehreren Fermentern. Wie es in Fig. 1 gezeigt ist, umfasst die Biogasanlage 10 vier Fermenter 12, die über Perkolatleitungen 14, die jeweils in eine erste Perkolathauptleitung 16 münden, mit einem Perkolat-Tank 18 verbunden sind. Von der ersten Perkolathauptleitung 16 führen Perkolatrückführungsleitungen 20 indirekt zu den jeweiligen Fermentern 12, um während des Trockenfermentierungsprozesses die in den Fermentern 12 enthaltene Biomasse (das Substrat) mit Bakterien angereichertem Per- kolat zu besprenkeln und zu befeuchten. Dem gleichen Zweck dient eine zweite Perko- lathauptleitung 22, die Perkolat aus dem Perkolat-Tank 18 über Perkolatnebenleitungen 24 den jeweiligen Fermentern 22 zuführt. 2 shows a biogas plant 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention with several fermenters. As shown in FIG. 1, the biogas plant 10 comprises four fermenters 12, which are connected to a percolate tank 18 via percolate lines 14, which respectively open into a first percolate main line 16. From the first percolate main line 16, percolate return lines 20 lead indirectly to the respective fermenters 12 in order to remove, during the dry fermentation process, the biomass (the substrate) contained in the fermenters 12 with bacteria-enriched bacteria. to sprinkle and moisten the cola. The same purpose is served by a second percolate main line 22, which feeds percolate from the percolate tank 18 via percolate secondary lines 24 to the respective fermenters 22.
Die Biogasanalge umfasst ferner einen In dem Perkolat-Tank 18 an einer erhöhten Position derart koaxial zu dem Perkolat-Tank 18 angeordneten Hygienisierungstank 26, dass sich sein oberes Ende auf gleicher Höhe mit einem oberen Ende des Perkolat- Tanks 18 befindet, wie es in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, und einen über eine Perkolatabführlei- tung 28 mit dem Hygienisierungstank 26 verbundenen Lagertank 30. Bei vollständig mit Perkolat gefülltem Perkolat-Tank 18 sind daher eine Seitenwand und ein Boden des Hygienisierungstanks 26 im Wesentlichen vollständig in Kontakt mit Perkolat. The biogas plant further comprises a sanitizing tank 26 disposed in the percolate tank 18 at an elevated position coaxial with the percolate tank 18 such that its upper end is level with an upper end of the percolate tank 18, as shown in FIG 2 and a storage tank 30 connected to the sanitizing tank 26 via a percolate discharge line 28. Thus, in the percolate tank 18 filled with percolate, a side wall and a bottom of the sanitizing tank 26 are substantially completely in contact with percolate.
Der Perkolatfluss in den Leitungen 14, 16, 22, 24 und 28 wird mit Hilfe von Pumpen (nicht dargestellt) und Sperrventilen 32, die jeweils von einer Steuerungseinheit (nicht gezeigt) angesteuert werden, realisiert, und seine Richtung ist in Fig. 2 durch Pfeile auf den Leitungen 14, 16, 22, 24 und 28 dargestellt. The percolate flow in the lines 14, 16, 22, 24 and 28 is realized by means of pumps (not shown) and check valves 32, which are respectively controlled by a control unit (not shown), and its direction is shown in FIG Arrows on the lines 14, 16, 22, 24 and 28 shown.
Das Bezugszeichen "P" in Fig. 1 bezeichnet eine Perkolatleitung, die kontaminiertes Perkolat aus den Fermentern 12 zur thermophilen Hygienisierung (Dekontaminierung) dem Hygienisierungstank 26 zuführt.  The reference character "P" in FIG. 1 designates a percolate line which supplies contaminated percolate from the fermenters 12 for thermophilic sanitation (decontamination) to the sanitizing tank 26.
Wie es in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, umfasst die Biogasanlage gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform vier individuelle Perkolatkreisläufe, die jeweils über eine der Perkolatrückführungs- leitungen 20 führen, und einen Perkolathauptkreislauf, der über die zweite Perko- lathauptleitung 22 führt. Die Perkolatkreisläufe können getrennt voneinander oder in beliebiger Kombination geschaltet werden. Es ist zu beachten, dass das Perkolat über die zweite Perkolathauptleitung 22 durch Öffnen / Schließen von entsprechenden der Ventile 32 in den Perkolatnebenleitungen 24 nur einzelnen oder allen Fermentern 22 zugeführt werden kann. As shown in FIG. 2, the biogas plant according to the first embodiment comprises four individual percolate circuits, each leading via one of the percolate return lines 20, and a main percolate circuit passing over the second percolate main line 22. The percolate cycles can be switched separately or in any combination. It should be noted that the percolate can be supplied via the second percolate main conduit 22 by opening / closing corresponding ones of the valves 32 in the percolate subcircuits 24 to only one or all of the fermentors 22.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Biogasanlage gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, die sich von der Biogasanlage gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform lediglich dadurch unterscheidet, dass sie einen weiteren Perkolat-Tank 18, in dem ein weiterer Hygienisierungstank 26 in entsprechender Weise angeordnet ist, und einen weiteren Lagertank 30 umfasst. Der weitere Perkolat-Tank 18 ist wiederum über weitere Perko- latleitungen 16 und 22 mit jedem der Fermenter 22 verbunden, und der weitere Hygie- nisierungstank 26 ist über eine weitere Perkolatabführleitung 28 mit dem weiteren Lagertank 30 verbunden. Fig. 3 shows a biogas plant according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the biogas plant according to the first embodiment only in that it another percolate tank 18, in which a further Hygienisierungstank 26 is arranged in a corresponding manner, and a more Storage tank 30 includes. The further percolate tank 18 is in turn connected to each of the fermenters 22 via further percolate ducts 16 and 22, and the further sanitizer tank 26 is connected to the further storage tank 30 via a further percolate discharge duct 28.
Das heißt, die Biogasanlage gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform ergibt sich aus der Biogasanlage gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform, indem eine weitere Einheit 34, die in Fig. 2 gestrichelt umrandet ist, hinzugefügt und funktional äquivalent angeschlossen wird. That is, the biogas plant according to the second embodiment results from the biogas plant according to the first embodiment, by adding another unit 34, which is outlined in dashed lines in Fig. 2, added and functionally equivalent.
Die Biogasanlage gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform umfasst somit einen weiteren Perkolatkreislauf, der Perkolat von dem weiteren Perkolat-Tank 18 zu den Fermentern 22 zurückführt. The biogas plant according to the second embodiment thus comprises a further percolate circulation, which recycles percolate from the further percolate tank 18 to the fermenters 22.
Fig. 4 eine Biogasanlage gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform, die sich von der Biogasanlage gemäß der der zweiten Ausführungsform dadurch unterscheidet, dass die zwei Hygienisierungstanks 26 zusätzlich "über Kreuz" mit den zwei Lagertanks 30 verbunden sind. 4 shows a biogas plant according to a third embodiment, which differs from the biogas plant according to the second embodiment in that the two sanitation tanks 26 are additionally connected "crosswise" with the two storage tanks 30.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines flüssigen Düngemittels, das die Anforderungen gemäß § 3 Absatz (1) der Bioabfallverordnung (BioAbfV) vom 21.09.1998 in der Neufassung vom 04.04.2013 erfüllt, mit den Schritten: 1. A process for the production of a liquid fertilizer that meets the requirements of § 3 paragraph (1) of the Biological Waste Ordinance (BioAbfV) of 21.09.1998 in the new version of 04.04.2013, with the following steps:
- Diskontinuierliche Vergärung von Biomasse nach dem Prinzip der Trockenfermentation in einem Fermenter (1 ; 12) mit Perkolatkreislauf; - Discontinuous fermentation of biomass according to the principle of dry fermentation in a fermenter (1; 12) with percolate circulation;
- Leiten des bei der Vergärung anfallendenen und kontaminierten Überschuss- perkolats aus dem Fermenter (1 ; 12) in einen Perkolat-Tank (2; 18);  - passing the excess percolate from the fermenter (1; 12) obtained during fermentation into a percolate tank (2; 18);
- Rückführen von wenigstens einem Teil des kontaminierten Überschussperkolats aus dem Perkolat-Tank (2; 18) in den Perkolatkreislauf;  Returning at least a portion of the contaminated excess percolate from the percolate tank (2; 18) to the percolate circuit;
- Leiten von wenigstens einem Teil des kontaminierten Perkoiats aus dem Perkolat-Tank (2; 18) oder aus dem Fermenter (12) in einen Hygienisierungstank (4; 26);  Passing at least part of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank (2; 18) or from the fermenter (12) into a sanitizing tank (4; 26);
- Hygienisieren des kontaminierten Perkoiats durch thermophile Vergärung in dem Hygienisierungstank (4; 26) bei einer Temperatur (T) von 65°> T > 45°, vorzugsweise 60°> T > 50° und während einer Zeit von mindestens 5 Tage, vorzugsweise mindestens 10 Tage; und  - sanitizing the contaminated percolate by thermophilic fermentation in the sanitizing tank (4; 26) at a temperature (T) of 65 °> T> 45 °, preferably 60 °> T> 50 ° and for a period of at least 5 days, preferably at least 10 days; and
- Ableiten des hygienisierten und damit dekontaminierten Perkoiats als dem flüssigen Düngemittel aus dem Hygienisierungstank (2; 26).  - Deriving the sanitized and thus decontaminated Perkoiats as the liquid fertilizer from the Hygienisierungstank (2, 26).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hygienisierte Per- kolat aus dem Hygenisierungstank (26) in einen Lagertank (30) geleitet wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sanitized percolate from the Hygenisierungstank (26) in a storage tank (30) is passed.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkoiats aus dem Perkolat-Tank (18) in den Hygienisierungstank (26) bedarfsadaptiv erfolgt. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the guiding of the contaminated Perkoiats from the percolate tank (18) in the sanitation tank (26) takes place adaptive.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats aus dem Perkolat-Tank (18) in den Hygienisierungstank (26) in Abhängigkeit von dem Füllstand des Perkolats in dem Hygenisierungstank (26) erfolgt. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the passing of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank (18) in the Hygienisierungstank (26) in dependence on the level of percolate in the Hygenisierungstank (26).
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats von dem Perkolat-Tank (18) in den Hygienisierungstank (26) in Abhängigkeit von dem Füllstand des kontaminierten Perkolats in dem Perkolat- Tank (18) erfolgt. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the passing of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank (18) into the sanitizing tank (26) in dependence on the level of the contaminated percolate in the percolate tank (18).
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats aus dem Perkolat-Tank (18) in den Hygienisierungstank (26) in Abhängigkeit von dem Füllstand des Perkolats in dem Hygenisierungstank (26) und/oder dem Füllstand des kontaminierten Perkolats in dem Perkolat-Tank (18) und/oder dem Füllstand des hygienisierten Perkolats in dem Lagertank (30) erfolgt. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the passage of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank (18) in the sanitizing tank (26) in dependence on the level of percolate in the Hygenisierungstank (26) and / or the level of the contaminated Percolate in the percolate tank (18) and / or the level of sanitized percolate in the storage tank (30).
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiten des kontaminierten Perkolats aus dem Perkolat-Tank (18) und/oder aus dem Fermenter (12) in den Hygienisierungstank (26) immer erst nach dem vollständigen Ableiten des hygienisierten Perkolats aus dem Hygienisierungstank (26) erfolgt. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the passing of the contaminated percolate from the percolate tank (18) and / or from the fermenter (12) in the sanitizing tank (26) always after the complete discharge of the sanitized percolate from the sanitizing tank (26) takes place.
8. Biogasanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, mit: 8. Biogas plant for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
- wenigstens einem im Batchbetrieb arbeitenden Fermenter (1 ; 12),  at least one batch fermenter (1, 12),
- einem Perkolat-Tank (2; 18), a percolate tank (2; 18),
- einem Hygienisierungstank (4; 26), und  a sanitizing tank (4; 26), and
- einer Temperatureinstelleinrichtung,  a temperature adjusting device,
- wobei der Perkolat-Tank (2; 18) und der Hygienisierungstank (4; 26) unterschiedliche Bauteile sind,  - wherein the percolate tank (2; 18) and the sanitizing tank (4; 26) are different components,
- wobei der Perkolat-Tank (2; 18) mit dem Fermenter (1 ; 12) zu einem Perko- latkreislauf verbunden ist, - wobei der Hygienisierungstank (4; 26) zur Aufnahme von Perkolat mit dem Perkolat-Tank (2; 18) verbunden ist, und wherein the percolate tank (2, 18) is connected to the fermenter (1, 12) to form a percolate circuit, - wherein the sanitizing tank (4; 26) for receiving percolate with the percolate tank (2; 18) is connected, and
- wobei die Temperatureinstelleinrichtung während der Durchführung des Verfahrens einen Temperaturbereichs von 65°> T > 45°, vorzugsweise 60°> T > 50°, in dem Hygienisierungstank (4; 26) zur thermophilen Temperaturbehandlung des darin enthaltenen Perkolats einstellt.  - Wherein the temperature adjusting device during the implementation of the method, a temperature range of 65 °> T> 45 °, preferably 60 °> T> 50 °, in the sanitizing tank (4; 26) adjusts the thermophilic heat treatment of the percolate contained therein.
9. Biogasanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hygienisierungstank (26) in dem Perkolat-Tank (18) angeordnet ist. 9. biogas plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the Hygienisierungstank (26) in the percolate tank (18) is arranged.
10. Biogasanlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hygienisierungstank (26) und der Perkolat-Tank (18) konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind. 10. biogas plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the Hygienisierungstank (26) and the percolate tank (18) are arranged concentrically with each other.
11. Biogasanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hygienisierungstank (26) zur Aufnahme von Perkolat direkt mit dem Fermenter (12) verbunden ist. 11. biogas plant according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the Hygienisierungstank (26) for receiving percolate directly to the fermenter (12) is connected.
12. Biogasanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatureinstelleinrichtung eine Heizvorrichtung umfasst. 12. Biogas plant according to one of claims 8 to 1 1, characterized in that the temperature adjusting device comprises a heating device.
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CN105452437A (en) 2016-03-30
US20160107946A1 (en) 2016-04-21
US9957201B2 (en) 2018-05-01
WO2015001091A1 (en) 2015-01-08
DE102013213258A1 (en) 2015-01-29

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