EP3014184A1 - Glow tube for a controllable sheathed glow plug - Google Patents

Glow tube for a controllable sheathed glow plug

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Publication number
EP3014184A1
EP3014184A1 EP14734049.1A EP14734049A EP3014184A1 EP 3014184 A1 EP3014184 A1 EP 3014184A1 EP 14734049 A EP14734049 A EP 14734049A EP 3014184 A1 EP3014184 A1 EP 3014184A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow
glow plug
tube
electrical resistance
resistance element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14734049.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3014184B1 (en
Inventor
Bruno CERON NICOLAT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3014184A1 publication Critical patent/EP3014184A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3014184B1 publication Critical patent/EP3014184B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • Glow plugs also referred to as glow plugs, or abbreviated based on the English term "glow plug” with GLP, which are used in internal combustion engines to ignite a fuel-air mixture are preheated in the cold state before their temperature is sufficiently high that Furthermore, to reduce emissions after start-up, it may be necessary to continue to operate the glow plugs for at least some time to increase the temperature inside the combustion chamber.
  • Glow plugs generally comprise an electrical resistance element, also referred to as a heating resistor, which is designed as a combustion chamber-side heating coil and a control coil welded to the heating coil.
  • the electrical resistance element of an example metallic glow tube, or a protective tube, surrounded as an outer shell coaxially.
  • the projecting into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine portion of the glow tube is usually filled with an electrically insulating filler powder, such as magnesium oxide, in which the electrical resistance element is embedded.
  • the electrical connection is generally via a connecting bolt, which is electrically conductively connected to the control coil and the heating coil.
  • One end of the heating coil is electrically contacted with the glow tube, via which the current return to ground occurs.
  • a connector can be attached to the connection bolt.
  • the heating resistor is made of a suitable material comprising an alloy containing chromium, aluminum or the like in addition to the main components iron and nickel.
  • the pipe, in The heating resistor is accommodated, is usually made of an alloy containing as main constituents iron and nickel.
  • the heating coil forms the front part of the glow tube, the heating zone.
  • the rear part namely the control coil, has the property that with increasing temperature the resistance increases, i. the control coil has a high positive resistance temperature coefficient (PTC "Positive Temperature-Coefficient")
  • the heating coil has a high electrical resistance at room temperature, which remains almost constant over the operating temperature range.
  • control coil has a very low electrical resistance at room temperature, which increases steeply with increasing temperature.
  • Materials of the control coil are pure nickel or a cobalt-iron alloy or a cobalt-iron-nickel alloy.
  • a glow plug comprising a heating coil of a metal material containing tungsten or molybdenum as the main constituent, and which is accommodated in a tube consisting of an alloy containing 0.5 to 5.0 wt Contains aluminum and 20 to 40 wt .-% chromium, so as to be able to realize the highest possible temperatures of the heating resistor without this reaches its melting point and to ensure the temperature resistance of the tube.
  • a glow plug for arrangement in a combustion chamber of a
  • Resistive element is included, formed as Einstoff mindfull with a defined resistance temperature coefficient and recorded in a glow tube.
  • the electrical resistance element is heated by means of a dynamically changing drive voltage and / or maintained at a predetermined temperature, wherein a Temperature control of the glow plug over a determined resistance value.
  • the electrical resistance element contains at least one refractory metal and is gas-tight and corrosion-resistant welded to the glow tube.
  • Suitable materials for a corresponding electrical resistance element which are suitable for the specific electrical resistance and also show a high durability, include chromium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten but also nickel, titanium, rhenium and copper and their alloys.
  • the electric heating element contains at least one refractory metal as the main constituent, for example molybdenum or tungsten or their alloys.
  • nickel-chromium-iron alloys with more than 10 wt .-% nickel, more than 10 wt .-% chromium, more than 1 wt .-% aluminum and / or more than 0.5 wt .-% silicon. It is also possible, a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with 15 to 60 wt .-% nickel and / or 12 to 27 wt .-% chromium and / or 24 to 58 wt .-% iron and / or 0.1 to use 10 wt .-% aluminum.
  • molybdenum or tungsten prove to be involved
  • Suitable material compositions contain, in addition to iron and nickel as main constituents, proportions of aluminum and chromium.
  • a nickel-chromium alloy includes inter alia at least 1 to 10 wt% aluminum, 10 to 30 wt% chromium and 0.05 to 5 wt% silicon.
  • the material of the glow tube comprise more than 5% by weight of iron and / or more than 0.05% by weight of titanium and / or less than 0.2% by weight of copper and / or less than 0.5% by weight % Of carbon and / or less than 0.3% by weight of yttrium and / or less than 0.2% by weight of zirconium and / or less than 0.7% by weight of manganese.
  • a refractory metal as a material of the heating resistor, which allows correspondingly high temperatures of the filament, in combination with a metallic glow tube, makes special demands on the connection of the heating element to the glow tube.
  • a front end portion of the heating element formed as Einstoff mindfull is connected according to the invention with a front end portion of the glow tube.
  • Heating element designed as Einstoff Listel is introduced into the glow tube, wherein the front end portion, designed as Glührohrhals, the same is open.
  • the front end portion of the glow tube may be welded to at least a part of the heating element, so that the
  • Front end sections of glow tube and heating element material and thus electrically connected to each other.
  • the front end section of the electrical resistance element can be joined to the glow tube material by material bonding, for example by welding, for example by means of laser welding, and then the closing of the glow tube takes place in a further integral joining step.
  • the joints can be closed by means of soldering material.
  • Refractory metals have the property of oxidizing with oxygen, with the
  • the joints are largely gas-tight, especially against nitrogen and oxygen. Further, the distance is particularly the front end portion of the electric
  • Heating element relative to the outer surface of the front end portion of the glow tube of importance is related to the formation of the joint, which in turn depends on the chosen connection method.
  • the invention proposes to form the front end portion of the glow tube in the form of a Glührohrhalses, wherein the length of the Glührohrhalses is selected according to the specifications. Furthermore, the distance which corresponds at least twice the diameter of the filament formed to Einstoff Listel, important to make contact with the hot combustion chamber gases to the electric
  • the proposed solution according to the invention provides a glow plug that allows heat generation at extremely high temperatures, without it to a
  • the refractory metals proposed according to the invention as constituents of the heating element are characterized by extremely high melting temperatures, with low coefficients of thermal expansion and high temperature and current conductivity.
  • a control and / or regulation of the temperature of the glow plug can be achieved in a simple manner, since the refractory metals used in the operating temperature range of the glow plug allow a detectable relationship between measurable resistance and temperature.
  • the material of the glow tube is important.
  • a certain proportion of aluminum and chromium in the material composition of the glow tube is necessary in order to act as an oxygen scavenger element, in particular in the interior of the glow tube. Since the interior of the glow tube is sealed from the environment, the oxygen partial pressure in the
  • Glow tube interior can be effectively lowered. Further, an oxide film formed on the outer surface of the glow tube prevents further intrusion of oxygen
  • Oxidation resistance of the elements of the glow plug is improved. A sensitive coordination of the materials of the glow tube and the electrical
  • Heating element allows a long life of the glow plug while at the same time
  • the alloys or Materials of the glow tube can be processed excellently and are characterized by a high creep resistance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glow plug according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a detail of a schematic cross-sectional view of a glow plug according to a variant embodiment
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of the front end portion of a glow plug according to a
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of the front end portion of a glow plug, wherein
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a glow plug 10.
  • the glow plug 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes, inter alia, a substantially hollow-cylindrical glow tube 12 which is connected to a housing 14.
  • an electrical resistance element 16 which comprises a control coil 18 and a downstream, with the control coil 18 generally welded heating coil 20.
  • the substantially spirally formed Wderstandselement 16 is disposed coaxially with the glow tube 12 and preferably completely embedded in a filling powder 22 for mechanical stabilization and for electrical insulation.
  • the filling powder 22 may be, for example, magnesium oxide (MgO).
  • the control coil 18 and the heating coil 20 are electrically connected to each other via a contact pad 24, wherein they are connected in series.
  • a lower end of the heating coil (not designated) is electrically connected by means of a contact point 26 with a Glandohrendabites 28.
  • a likewise not designated end of the control coil 18 is electrically conductively connected by means of a further contact point 30 with a substantially cylindrical connecting bolt 32.
  • the connecting bolt 32 is made of an electrically conductive metallic
  • the contact points 24, 26, 30 may be formed as welding points.
  • a cap-shaped round plug 34 is screwed, which is also made of a highly conductive electrical material.
  • Rundsteckers 34 is an electrical connection of the glow plug 10 to a
  • housing seal 40 Another, disc-shaped Glizingohrabdichtung 42 is provided in the region of the glow tube 12.
  • the housing seal 40 and the Glizingohrabdichtung 42 are made of an electrically insulating, temperature-resistant material, wherein in addition to the electrical insulation function, a coaxial attachment of the connecting bolt 32 and the control and heating coil 18, 20 is ensured within the glow tube 12 and the housing 14 , variants
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of the glow plug 10 according to the invention.
  • a tip of the glow plug 10 is shown, which projects into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.
  • the glow plug 10 includes an incandescent tube 12 which is substantially coaxial with an electrical
  • Resistance element or a filament comprises, which is formed according to the embodiment of the invention as Einstoff Listel 44.
  • the single-material coil 44 combines properties of the heating coil 20 and the control coil 18 of FIG. 1 and is also referred to as Heating element called. Furthermore, the single-material coil 44 is embedded in the glow tube 12 in the electrically insulating filling powder 22. In Figure 2 is also with 42 the
  • the Einstoff mindfull 44 includes a filament, which is made of a uniform material and functions of the heating coil 20 is met.
  • the uniform material of the single-material coil 44 used has a resistor with PTC behavior.
  • the single-material coil 44 contains at least one refractory metal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of the glow plug 10.
  • the glow tube is referred to, in which coaxially formed as Einstoff Listel 44 electrical resistance element is added.
  • the glow tube 12 has a front end portion 46, which in the illustration of Figure 3 is in the form of a glow tube neck 48 and is shown open, i. has an opening 49.
  • the Einstoff Listel 44 is in the form of a heating coil, which has different average pitches 52, 54. In particular, that portion of the Einstoff mindfull 44, referred to as
  • Front end portion 50 received in glow tube throat 48 has a smaller average pitch 54.
  • Glow tube 12 is connected, for example, is embedded in the material of the glow tube 12.
  • a piece of material can first be arranged, which is made of the same material as the glow tube 12 and the Glührohrhals 48.
  • Front end portion 50 of Einstoffchtl 44 is connected to the front end portion 46.
  • the single-material coil 44 is materially connected to the glow tube 12, in particular is embedded in the material of the glow tube 12.
  • FIG. 4 shows a joint 56 which, on the one hand, closes the opening 49 of the opening
  • Glow tube 12 corresponds and on the other hand represents the area of embedding the Einstoff Listel 44 in the material of the glow tube 12.
  • the front end portion 50 of the single-material coil 44 has a distance 60 from an outer tip 58 of the glow tube 12. To prevent that sensitive material of Einstoff mindfull 44 comes into contact with the hot combustion chamber gases, a sufficiently large 60 distance is necessary. This also takes into account that in the case of external corrosion of the glow tube 12 during the life, the wall thickness of the glow tube 12 decreases. Furthermore, it is of great importance that the joint 56 is gas-tight with respect to oxygen and nitrogen.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sheathed glow plug (10) to be arranged in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, said glow plug having an electrical resistance element (16) accommodated in a glow tube (12) and designed as a single-material coil (44) having a defined temperature coefficient of resistance, and said electrical resistance element (16) being heated and/or maintained at a predetermined temperature by means of a dynamically changing control voltage. In addition, the material of the electrical resistance element (16) comprises at least one refractory metal, and the glow tube (12) is made of a nickel-chromium alloy.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Glührohr für eine regelbare Glühstiftkerze Stand der Technik  Glow tube for a controllable glow plug state of the art
Glühstiftkerzen, auch als Glühkerzen bezeichnet, bzw. basierend auf der englischen Bezeichnung„glow plug" mit GLP abgekürzt, welche in Verbrennungsmotoren zur Zündung eines Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches eingesetzt werden, werden im kalten Zustand vorgeglüht, bevor ihre Temperatur ausreichend hoch ist, dass sie für die Zündung des Kraftstoff-Luft- Gemisches ausreicht. Ferner kann es zur Verringerung von Emissionen nach dem Start erforderlich sein, die Glühstiftkerzen zumindest noch einige Zeit weiter zu betreiben, um eine Anhebung der Temperatur im Inneren des Brennraumes zu erreichen. Glow plugs, also referred to as glow plugs, or abbreviated based on the English term "glow plug" with GLP, which are used in internal combustion engines to ignite a fuel-air mixture are preheated in the cold state before their temperature is sufficiently high that Furthermore, to reduce emissions after start-up, it may be necessary to continue to operate the glow plugs for at least some time to increase the temperature inside the combustion chamber.
Glühstiftkerzen umfassen im Allgemeinen ein elektrisches Widerstandselement, auch als Heizwiderstand bezeichnet, welches als eine brennraumseitige Heizwendel und eine mit der Heizwendel verschweißte Regelwendel ausgebildet ist. In der Glühstiftkerze wird das elektrische Widerstandselement von einem beispielsweise metallischen Glührohr, bzw. einem Schutzrohr, als äußere Hülle koaxial umgeben. Der in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine hineinragende Abschnitt des Glührohres ist üblicherweise mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Füllpulver befüllt, beispielsweise Magnesiumoxid, in das das elektrische Widerstandselement eingebettet ist. Der elektrische Anschluss erfolgt allgemein über einen Anschlussbolzen, der mit der Regelwendel und der Heizwendel elektrisch leitend verbunden ist. Ein Ende der Heizwendel ist mit dem Glührohr elektrisch kontaktiert, über das die Stromrückführung nach Masse erfolgt. An dem Anschlussbolzen kann beispielsweise ein Anschlussstecker befestigt werden. Glow plugs generally comprise an electrical resistance element, also referred to as a heating resistor, which is designed as a combustion chamber-side heating coil and a control coil welded to the heating coil. In the glow plug, the electrical resistance element of an example metallic glow tube, or a protective tube, surrounded as an outer shell coaxially. The projecting into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine portion of the glow tube is usually filled with an electrically insulating filler powder, such as magnesium oxide, in which the electrical resistance element is embedded. The electrical connection is generally via a connecting bolt, which is electrically conductively connected to the control coil and the heating coil. One end of the heating coil is electrically contacted with the glow tube, via which the current return to ground occurs. For example, a connector can be attached to the connection bolt.
In Glühstiftkerzen ist demnach eine Kombination von Heiz- und Regelwendel verwirklicht, die einen gemeinsamen Widerstandswert aufweist. Der Heizwiderstand wird aus einem geeigneten Material gefertigt, welches eine Legierung umfasst, die Chrom, Aluminium oder dergleichen zusätzlich zu den Hauptbestandteilen Eisen und Nickel enthält. Das Rohr, in dem der Heizwiderstand aufgenommen ist, ist üblicherweise aus einer Legierung, welche als Hauptbestandteile Eisen und Nickel enthält. In glow plugs therefore a combination of heating and control coil is realized, which has a common resistance value. The heating resistor is made of a suitable material comprising an alloy containing chromium, aluminum or the like in addition to the main components iron and nickel. The pipe, in The heating resistor is accommodated, is usually made of an alloy containing as main constituents iron and nickel.
Im Allgemeinen bildet die Heizwendel den vorderen Teil des Glührohres, die Heizzone. Der hintere Teil, nämlich die Regelwendel, besitzt die Eigenschaft, dass mit zunehmender Temperatur der Widerstand steigt, d.h. die Regelwendel besitzt einen hohen positiven Widerstands-Temperaturkoeffizienten (PTC„Positive Temperature-Coefficient" In general, the heating coil forms the front part of the glow tube, the heating zone. The rear part, namely the control coil, has the property that with increasing temperature the resistance increases, i. the control coil has a high positive resistance temperature coefficient (PTC "Positive Temperature-Coefficient")
Charakteristik). Bei steigender Temperatur und demnach zunehmendem Widerstandwert kommt es zu einem Abregein des Stroms, wobei sich eine definierte Endtemperatur einstellt. Heiz- und Regelwendel sind elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet, wobei beide Wendeln positive, aber voneinander verschiedene hohe Wderstands-Temperaturkoeffizienten aufweisen. Characteristic). With increasing temperature and thus increasing resistance value, there is a Abregein of the stream, which sets a defined final temperature. Heating and control coil are electrically connected in series, both coils have positive but different high Wderstands temperature coefficients.
Die Heizwendel besitzt bei Raumtemperatur einen hohen elektrischen Widerstand, der nahezu konstant über den Betriebstemperaturbereich bleibt. The heating coil has a high electrical resistance at room temperature, which remains almost constant over the operating temperature range.
Die Regelwendel besitzt dagegen einen bei Raumtemperatur sehr niedrigen elektrischen Widerstand, welcher steil mit zunehmender Temperatur ansteigt. Übliche geeignete In contrast, the control coil has a very low electrical resistance at room temperature, which increases steeply with increasing temperature. Usual suitable
Materialien der Regelwendel sind Reinstnickel oder eine Cobalt- Eisen- Legierung oder eine Cobalt- Eisen- Nickel-Legierung. Materials of the control coil are pure nickel or a cobalt-iron alloy or a cobalt-iron-nickel alloy.
Aus DE 10 201 1 077 239 A1 ist eine Glühkerze bekannt mit einer Heizspule aus einem Metallmaterial, das Wolfram oder Molybdän als Hauptbestandteil enthält, und welche in einem Rohr aufgenommen ist, welches aus einer Legierung besteht, die 0,5 bis 5,0 Gew.-% Aluminium und 20 bis 40 Gew.-% Chrom enthält, um so möglichst hohe Temperaturen des Heizwiderstandes realisieren zu können, ohne dass dieser seinen Schmelzpunkt erreicht und auch die Temperaturbeständigkeit des Rohres zu gewährleisten. From DE 10 201 1077 239 A1 a glow plug is known comprising a heating coil of a metal material containing tungsten or molybdenum as the main constituent, and which is accommodated in a tube consisting of an alloy containing 0.5 to 5.0 wt Contains aluminum and 20 to 40 wt .-% chromium, so as to be able to realize the highest possible temperatures of the heating resistor without this reaches its melting point and to ensure the temperature resistance of the tube.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Glühstiftkerze zur Anordnung in einem Brennraum einerDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, a glow plug for arrangement in a combustion chamber of a
Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges vorgeschlagen, wobei ein elektrisches Internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle proposed, wherein an electric
Widerstandselement umfasst ist, ausgebildet als Einstoffwendel mit einem definierten Widerstands-Temperaturkoeffizienten und aufgenommen in einem Glührohr. Das elektrische Widerstandselement wird mittels einer sich dynamisch ändernden Ansteuerspannung aufgeheizt und/oder auf einer vorgegebenen Temperatur gehalten, wobei eine Temperaturregelung der Glühstiftkerze über einen ermittelten Widerstandswert erfolgt. Ferner enthält das elektrische Widerstandselement mindestens ein Refraktärmetall und ist mit dem Glührohr gasdicht und korrosionsfest verschweißt. Geeignete Materialien für ein entsprechendes elektrisches Wderstandselement, welche hinsichtlich des spezifischen elektrischen Wderstands geeignet sind und darüber hinaus eine hohe Haltbarkeit zeigen, umfassen Chrom, Niob, Molybdän, Tantal, Wolfram aber auch Nickel, Titan, Rhenium und Kupfer sowie deren Legierungen. Das elektrische Heizelement enthält zumindest ein Refraktärmetall als Hauptbestandteil, beispielsweise Molybdän oder Wolfram oder deren Legierungen. Resistive element is included, formed as Einstoffwendel with a defined resistance temperature coefficient and recorded in a glow tube. The electrical resistance element is heated by means of a dynamically changing drive voltage and / or maintained at a predetermined temperature, wherein a Temperature control of the glow plug over a determined resistance value. Furthermore, the electrical resistance element contains at least one refractory metal and is gas-tight and corrosion-resistant welded to the glow tube. Suitable materials for a corresponding electrical resistance element, which are suitable for the specific electrical resistance and also show a high durability, include chromium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten but also nickel, titanium, rhenium and copper and their alloys. The electric heating element contains at least one refractory metal as the main constituent, for example molybdenum or tungsten or their alloys.
Weitere Ausführungsformen umfassen Nickel-Chrom-Eisen Legierungen mit mehr als 10 Gew.-% Nickel, mehr als 10 Gew.-% Chrom, mehr als 1 Gew.-% Aluminium und/oder mehr als 0,5 Gew.-% Silizium. Ferner besteht die Möglichkeit, eine Nickel-Chrom-Eisen-Legierung mit 15 bis 60 Gew.-% Nickel und/oder 12 bis 27 Gew.-% Chrom und/oder 24 bis 58 Gew.-% Eisen und/oder 0, 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Aluminium einzusetzen. Further embodiments include nickel-chromium-iron alloys with more than 10 wt .-% nickel, more than 10 wt .-% chromium, more than 1 wt .-% aluminum and / or more than 0.5 wt .-% silicon. It is also possible, a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with 15 to 60 wt .-% nickel and / or 12 to 27 wt .-% chromium and / or 24 to 58 wt .-% iron and / or 0.1 to use 10 wt .-% aluminum.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform erweisen sich Molybdän oder Wolfram mit In an alternative embodiment, molybdenum or tungsten prove to be involved
Lanthanoxid (La203) und/oder Thoriumdioxid (Th02) und/oder Cerdioxid (Ce02) und/oder Yttriumoxid (Y203) als geeignete Materialzusammensetzung. Ferner sind Molybdän-Titan- Zirkon Legierungen geeignet. Lanthanum oxide (La 2 0 3 ) and / or thorium dioxide (Th0 2 ) and / or ceria (Ce0 2 ) and / or yttrium oxide (Y 2 0 3 ) as a suitable material composition. Furthermore, molybdenum-titanium-zirconium alloys are suitable.
Hinsichtlich des Materials des Glührohres, welches mit dem erfindungsgemäß als With regard to the material of the glow tube, which with the invention as
Einstoffwendel ausgebildeten elektrischen Wderstandselements kombinierbar ist, sind Materialien geeignet, welche die Haltbarkeit des Rohres bei den angestrebten hohen Temperaturen steigern und diese über einen langen Zeitraum aufrechthält. Geeignete Materialzusammensetzungen enthalten neben Eisen und Nickel als Hauptbestandteile Anteile an Aluminium und Chrom. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst eine Nickel-Chrom-Legierung unter anderem mindestens 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Aluminium, 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Chrom und 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-% Silizium. Einstoffwendel trained electrical Wderstandselements can be combined, materials are suitable which increase the durability of the tube at the desired high temperatures and this maintains over a long period. Suitable material compositions contain, in addition to iron and nickel as main constituents, proportions of aluminum and chromium. In a preferred embodiment, a nickel-chromium alloy includes inter alia at least 1 to 10 wt% aluminum, 10 to 30 wt% chromium and 0.05 to 5 wt% silicon.
Weitere Ausführungsformen des Materials des Glührohrs umfassen mehr als 5 Gew.-% Eisen und/oder mehr als 0,05 Gew.-% Titan und/oder weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Kupfer und/oder weniger als 0,5 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff und/oder weniger als 0,3 Gew.-% Yttrium und/oder weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Zirkon und/oder weniger als 0,7 Gew.-% Mangan. Der Einsatz eines Refraktärmetalls als Material des Heizwiderstandes, welches entsprechend hohe Temperaturen der Glühwendel zulässt, in Kombination mit einem metallischen Glührohr, stellt besondere Anforderungen an die Anbindung des Heizelements an das Glührohr. Ein Vorderendabschnitt des als Einstoffwendel ausgebildeten Heizelements ist erfindungsgemäß mit einem Vorderendabschnitt des Glührohres verbunden. Das Further embodiments of the material of the glow tube comprise more than 5% by weight of iron and / or more than 0.05% by weight of titanium and / or less than 0.2% by weight of copper and / or less than 0.5% by weight % Of carbon and / or less than 0.3% by weight of yttrium and / or less than 0.2% by weight of zirconium and / or less than 0.7% by weight of manganese. The use of a refractory metal as a material of the heating resistor, which allows correspondingly high temperatures of the filament, in combination with a metallic glow tube, makes special demands on the connection of the heating element to the glow tube. A front end portion of the heating element formed as Einstoffwendel is connected according to the invention with a front end portion of the glow tube. The
Heizelement, ausgebildet als Einstoffwendel, wird in das Glührohr eingeführt, wobei der Vorderendabschnitt, ausgebildet als Glührohrhals, desselben offen ist. Nun wird der Heating element, designed as Einstoffwendel is introduced into the glow tube, wherein the front end portion, designed as Glührohrhals, the same is open. Now the
Vorderendabschnitt des Glührohres geschlossen, wobei der Vorderendabschnitt des Heizelements zumindest teilweise eingebettet wird. Der Vorderendabschnitt des Glührohrs kann mit mindestens einem Teil des Heizelements verschweißt werden, so dass die Closed front end portion of the glow tube, wherein the front end portion of the heating element is at least partially embedded. The front end portion of the glow tube may be welded to at least a part of the heating element, so that the
Vorderendabschnitte von Glührohr und Heizelement stofflich und somit auch elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind. Alternativ kann der Vorderendabschnitt des elektrischen Widerstandselements mit dem Glührohrmaterial stoffschlüssig gefügt, zum Beispiel verschweißt werden, beispielsweise mittels Laserschweißung und anschließend erfolgt das Verschließen des Glührohres in einem weiteren stoffschlüssigen Fügeschritt. In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante können die Fügestellen mittels Lötmaterials geschlossen werden. Da die für das als Einstoffwendel ausgebildete elektrische Heizelement geeigneten Front end sections of glow tube and heating element material and thus electrically connected to each other. Alternatively, the front end section of the electrical resistance element can be joined to the glow tube material by material bonding, for example by welding, for example by means of laser welding, and then the closing of the glow tube takes place in a further integral joining step. In a further embodiment, the joints can be closed by means of soldering material. As suitable for the designed as Einstoffwendel electric heating element
Refraktärmetalle die Eigenschaft haben mit Sauerstoff zu oxidieren, wobei sich der  Refractory metals have the property of oxidizing with oxygen, with the
Heizwiderstand derselben verschlechtert, ist von Bedeutung, dass die Fügestellen weitgehend gasdicht sind, insbesondere gegenüber Stickstoff und Sauerstoff. Ferner ist der Abstand insbesondere des Vorderendabschnittes des elektrischen Heating resistance of the same deteriorates, it is important that the joints are largely gas-tight, especially against nitrogen and oxygen. Further, the distance is particularly the front end portion of the electric
Heizelements gegenüber der Außenfläche des Vorderendabschnitts des Glührohres von Bedeutung. Der Abstand steht in Zusammenhang zu der Ausbildung der Fügestelle, welche wiederum von dem gewählten Verbindungsverfahren abhängig ist. Um einen gewünschten Abstand zu erreichen, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, den Vorderendabschnitt des Glührohrs in Form eines Glührohrhalses auszubilden, wobei die Länge des Glührohrhalses entsprechend den Vorgaben wählbar ist. Ferner ist der Abstand, welcher mindestens zweimal den Durchmesser des zur Einstoffwendel ausgebildeten Glühdrahtes entspricht, von Bedeutung, um einen Kontakt zu den heißen Brennraumgasen zu dem elektrischen  Heating element relative to the outer surface of the front end portion of the glow tube of importance. The distance is related to the formation of the joint, which in turn depends on the chosen connection method. In order to achieve a desired distance, the invention proposes to form the front end portion of the glow tube in the form of a Glührohrhalses, wherein the length of the Glührohrhalses is selected according to the specifications. Furthermore, the distance which corresponds at least twice the diameter of the filament formed to Einstoffwendel, important to make contact with the hot combustion chamber gases to the electric
Widerstandselement zu vermeiden, auch bei einer externen Korrosion des Glührohres im Laufe der Lebensdauer der Glühstiftkerze. Vorteile der Erfindung To avoid resistance element, even with an external corrosion of the glow tube in the course of the life of the glow plug. Advantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Lösung stellt eine Glühstiftkerze bereit, welche eine Wärmeerzeugung bei äußerst hohen Temperaturen zulässt, ohne dass es zu einem The proposed solution according to the invention provides a glow plug that allows heat generation at extremely high temperatures, without it to a
Aufschmelzvorgang des elektrischen Wderstandselements kommt. Die erfindungsgemäß als Bestandteile des Heizelements vorgeschlagenen Refraktärmetalle zeichnen sich durch extrem hohe Schmelztemperaturen aus, bei niedrigen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten und einer hohen Temperatur- und Stromleitfähigkeit. Darüber hinaus kann auf einfache Weise eine Steuer- und/oder Regelung der Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze erreicht werden, da die eingesetzten Refraktärmetalle in dem Betriebstemperaturbereich der Glühstiftkerze einen erfassbaren Zusammenhang zwischen messbarem Widerstand und Temperatur erlauben.  Melting process of the electrical resistance element comes. The refractory metals proposed according to the invention as constituents of the heating element are characterized by extremely high melting temperatures, with low coefficients of thermal expansion and high temperature and current conductivity. In addition, a control and / or regulation of the temperature of the glow plug can be achieved in a simple manner, since the refractory metals used in the operating temperature range of the glow plug allow a detectable relationship between measurable resistance and temperature.
Allerdings neigen Refraktärmetalle zur Oxidation mit Sauerstoff, der beispielsweise in dem Glührohr vorhanden ist, wobei es zu einer Verschlechterung des Heizwiderstands kommt. Um einer Oxidation des elektrischen Heizwiderstandes entgegenzutreten, ist das Material des Glührohres von Bedeutung. So ist ein gewisser Anteil von Aluminium und Chrom in der Materialzusammensetzung des Glührohres notwendig, um als Sauerstofffängerelement insbesondere im Inneren des Glührohres zu fungieren. Da das Innere des Glührohres gegenüber der Umgebung abgedichtet ist, kann der Sauerstoffpartialdruck im However, refractory metals tend to oxidize with oxygen present in the glow tube, for example, resulting in deterioration of the heating resistance. To counteract oxidation of the electrical heating resistor, the material of the glow tube is important. Thus, a certain proportion of aluminum and chromium in the material composition of the glow tube is necessary in order to act as an oxygen scavenger element, in particular in the interior of the glow tube. Since the interior of the glow tube is sealed from the environment, the oxygen partial pressure in the
Glührohrinneren effektiv gesenkt werden. Ferner verhindert ein sich an der Außenfläche des Glührohres ausbildender Oxidfilm ein weiteres Eindringen von Sauerstoff, wobei die  Glow tube interior can be effectively lowered. Further, an oxide film formed on the outer surface of the glow tube prevents further intrusion of oxygen
Oxidationsbeständigkeit der Elemente der Glühstiftkerze verbessert wird. Eine sensible Abstimmung der Materialien des Glührohres und des elektrischen Oxidation resistance of the elements of the glow plug is improved. A sensitive coordination of the materials of the glow tube and the electrical
Heizelements erlaubt eine lange Lebensdauer der Glühstiftkerze bei gleichzeitiger  Heating element allows a long life of the glow plug while at the same time
Reduzierung der Kosten, da die erfindungsgemäße Materialwahl ein Einsparpotential bereitstellt. Ferner ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise, dass durch die mechanische und elektrischeReduction of costs, since the choice of material according to the invention provides a savings potential. Furthermore, results in an advantageous manner that by the mechanical and electrical
Kontaktierung des elektrischen Wderstandselements zum metallischen Glührohr der Kontakt zum Minuspol des Motors hergestellt wird. Insbesondere vorteilhaft ist, dass an der Contacting of the electrical resistance element to the metallic glow tube, the contact is made to the negative pole of the motor. It is particularly advantageous that at the
Kontaktstelle zwischen elektrischen Heizelement und Glührohr auch bei hohen Contact point between electrical heating element and glow tube even at high
Temperaturen und langer Lebensdauer keine Versprödung eintritt. Die Legierungen oder Materialien des Glührohrs lassen sich ausgezeichnet verarbeiten und zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Kriechbeständigkeit aus. Temperatures and long life no embrittlement occurs. The alloys or Materials of the glow tube can be processed excellently and are characterized by a high creep resistance.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Weitere Vorteile und Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstände werden durch die Zeichnungen veranschaulicht und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Further advantages and embodiments of the objects according to the invention are illustrated by the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer Glühstiftkerze gemäß dem Stand der Technik; Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glow plug according to the prior art;
Figur 2 ein Detail einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht einer Glühstiftkerze gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante; Figure 2 is a detail of a schematic cross-sectional view of a glow plug according to a variant embodiment;
Figur 3 eine Darstellung des Vorderendabschnitts einer Glühstiftkerze gemäß einer Figure 3 is an illustration of the front end portion of a glow plug according to a
Ausführungsvariante;  Embodiment;
Figur 4 eine Darstellung des Vorderendabschnitts einer Glühstiftkerze, wobei Figure 4 is an illustration of the front end portion of a glow plug, wherein
elektrisches Widerstandselement und Glührohr mechanisch und elektrische verbunden sind.  electrical resistance element and glow tube are mechanically and electrically connected.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik geht aus der Darstellung Figur 1 eine Querschnittsansicht einer Glühstiftkerze 10 hervor. According to the prior art, FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a glow plug 10.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Glühstiftkerze 10 umfasst unter anderem ein im Wesentlichen hohlzylindrisches Glührohr 12, das mit einem Gehäuse 14 verbunden ist. In dem Glührohr 12 befindet sich ein elektrisches Widerstandselement 16, das eine Regelwendel 18 und eine nachgeschaltete, mit der Regelwendel 18 im Allgemeinen verschweißte Heizwendel 20 umfasst. Das im Wesentlichen spiralförmig ausgebildete Wderstandselement 16 ist koaxial zum Glührohr 12 angeordnet und vorzugsweise vollständig in einem Füllpulver 22 zur mechanischen Stabilisierung sowie zur elektrischen Isolierung eingebettet. Das Füllpulver 22 kann beispielsweise Magnesiumoxid (MgO) sein. Die Regelwendel 18 und die Heizwendel 20 sind über eine Kontaktstelle 24 elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden, wobei sie in Reihe geschaltet sind. Ein unteres Ende der Heizwendel (nicht bezeichnet) ist mittels einer Kontaktstelle 26 mit einem Glührohrendabschnitt 28 elektrisch verbunden. Ein ebenfalls nicht bezeichnetes Ende der Regelwendel 18 ist mittels einer weiteren Kontaktstelle 30 elektrisch leitend mit einem im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Anschlussbolzen 32 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Der Anschlussbolzen 32 ist aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen metallischen The glow plug 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes, inter alia, a substantially hollow-cylindrical glow tube 12 which is connected to a housing 14. In the glow tube 12 is an electrical resistance element 16, which comprises a control coil 18 and a downstream, with the control coil 18 generally welded heating coil 20. The substantially spirally formed Wderstandselement 16 is disposed coaxially with the glow tube 12 and preferably completely embedded in a filling powder 22 for mechanical stabilization and for electrical insulation. The filling powder 22 may be, for example, magnesium oxide (MgO). The control coil 18 and the heating coil 20 are electrically connected to each other via a contact pad 24, wherein they are connected in series. A lower end of the heating coil (not designated) is electrically connected by means of a contact point 26 with a Glührohrendabschnitt 28. A likewise not designated end of the control coil 18 is electrically conductively connected by means of a further contact point 30 with a substantially cylindrical connecting bolt 32. The connecting bolt 32 is made of an electrically conductive metallic
Material gefertigt. Die Kontaktstellen 24, 26, 30 können als Schweißpunkte ausgebildet sein. Auf den Anschlussbolzen 32 ist ein kappenförmiger Rundstecker 34 aufgeschraubt, welcher ebenfalls aus einem gut leitenden elektrischen Material hergestellt ist. Mittels des Material made. The contact points 24, 26, 30 may be formed as welding points. On the connecting bolt 32, a cap-shaped round plug 34 is screwed, which is also made of a highly conductive electrical material. By means of the
Rundsteckers 34 wird eine elektrische Verbindung der Glühstiftkerze 10 zu einer Rundsteckers 34 is an electrical connection of the glow plug 10 to a
Stromverteilung eines nicht dargestellten elektrischen Versorgungssystems eines Power distribution of an electrical supply system, not shown
Kraftfahrzeuges geschaffen, die beispielsweise mit dem Pluspol einer Batterie und/oder eines Generators verschaltet ist. Die Rückführung zur Masse erfolgt über die Kontaktstelle 26, das Glührohr 12, das damit leitend verbundene Gehäuse 14 und den - in einem nicht dargestellten Motorblock - eingeschraubten Gehäusegewindeabschnitt 36. Zur elektrischen Isolation gegen das Gehäuse 14 dient unter anderem eine unterhalb des Rundsteckers 34 angeordnete scheibenförmige Isolationsscheibe 38 sowie eine kegelstumpfförmige Motor vehicle created, which is connected, for example, with the positive pole of a battery and / or a generator. The return to the ground via the contact point 26, the glow tube 12, the conductive housing 14 connected thereto and - in a non-illustrated engine block - screwed housing threaded portion 36. The electrical insulation against the housing 14 is, inter alia, arranged below the circular connector 34 disc-shaped Insulation disc 38 and a frusto-conical
Gehäusedichtung 40. Eine weitere, scheibenförmige Glührohrabdichtung 42 ist im Bereich des Glührohrs 12 vorgesehen. Die Gehäusedichtung 40 und die Glührohrabdichtung 42 sind aus einem elektrisch isolierenden, temperaturbeständigen Material gefertigt, wobei neben der elektrischen Isolationsfunktion auch eine koaxiale Befestigung des Anschlussbolzens 32 bzw. der Regel- und Heizwendel 18, 20 innerhalb des Glührohrs 12 und des Gehäuses 14 sicher gestellt ist. Ausführungsvarianten Housing seal 40. Another, disc-shaped Glührohrabdichtung 42 is provided in the region of the glow tube 12. The housing seal 40 and the Glührohrabdichtung 42 are made of an electrically insulating, temperature-resistant material, wherein in addition to the electrical insulation function, a coaxial attachment of the connecting bolt 32 and the control and heating coil 18, 20 is ensured within the glow tube 12 and the housing 14 , variants
In Figur 2 ist eine Detailansicht einer Ausführungsform der Glühstiftkerze 10 gemäß der Erfindung dargestellt. In Fig. 2 ist eine Spitze der Glühstiftkerze 10 dargestellt, welche in einen nicht weiter dargestellten Brennraum einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine ragt. Die Glühstiftkerze 10 umfasst ein Glührohr 12, welches im Wesentlichen koaxial ein elektrisches FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of an embodiment of the glow plug 10 according to the invention. In Fig. 2, a tip of the glow plug 10 is shown, which projects into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine. The glow plug 10 includes an incandescent tube 12 which is substantially coaxial with an electrical
Widerstandselement bzw. einen Glühdraht umfasst, welcher gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform als Einstoffwendel 44 ausgebildet ist. Die Einstoffwendel 44 vereinigt Eigenschaften der Heizwendel 20 und der Regelwendel 18 der Figur 1 und wird auch als Heizelement bezeichnet. Ferner ist die Einstoffwendel 44 in dem Glührohr 12 in dem elektrisch isolierenden Füllpulver 22 eingebettet. In Figur 2 ist auch mit 42 die Resistance element or a filament comprises, which is formed according to the embodiment of the invention as Einstoffwendel 44. The single-material coil 44 combines properties of the heating coil 20 and the control coil 18 of FIG. 1 and is also referred to as Heating element called. Furthermore, the single-material coil 44 is embedded in the glow tube 12 in the electrically insulating filling powder 22. In Figure 2 is also with 42 the
Heizkörperabdichtung dargestellt. Die Einstoffwendel 44 umfasst einen Glühdraht, welcher aus einem uniformen Material gefertigt ist und Funktionen der Heizwendel 20 erfüllt. Das verwendete uniforme Material der Einstoffwendel 44 besitzt einen Widerstand mit PTC- Verhalten. Insbesondere enthält die Einstoffwendel 44 mindestens ein Refraktärmetall. Radiator seal shown. The Einstoffwendel 44 includes a filament, which is made of a uniform material and functions of the heating coil 20 is met. The uniform material of the single-material coil 44 used has a resistor with PTC behavior. In particular, the single-material coil 44 contains at least one refractory metal.
In Figur 3 ist ein Detail der Glühstiftkerze 10 dargestellt. Mit Bezugszeichen 12 ist das Glührohr bezeichnet, in welchem koaxial das als Einstoffwendel 44 ausgebildete elektrische Widerstandselement aufgenommen ist. Das Glührohr 12 weist einen Vorderendabschnitt 46 auf, welcher in der Darstellung der Figur 3 in Form eines Glührohrhalses 48 ausgebildet ist und offen dargestellt ist, d.h. eine Öffnung 49 aufweist. Die Einstoffwendel 44 ist in Form einer Heizspule ausgebildet, welche unterschiedliche Durchschnittsganghöhen 52, 54 aufweist. Insbesondere derjenige Abschnitt der Einstoffwendel 44, bezeichnet als FIG. 3 shows a detail of the glow plug 10. With reference numeral 12, the glow tube is referred to, in which coaxially formed as Einstoffwendel 44 electrical resistance element is added. The glow tube 12 has a front end portion 46, which in the illustration of Figure 3 is in the form of a glow tube neck 48 and is shown open, i. has an opening 49. The Einstoffwendel 44 is in the form of a heating coil, which has different average pitches 52, 54. In particular, that portion of the Einstoffwendel 44, referred to as
Vorderendabschnitt 50, welcher in dem Glührohrhals 48 aufgenommen ist, hat eine kleinere Durchschnittsganghöhe 54. Front end portion 50 received in glow tube throat 48 has a smaller average pitch 54.
In Figur 4 ist die Glühstiftkerze 10 mit einem geschlossenen Vorderendabschnitt 46 dargestellt. Insbesondere geht aus der Darstellung der Figur 4 hervor, dass der In Figure 4, the glow plug 10 is shown with a closed front end portion 46. In particular, it can be seen from the illustration of FIG. 4 that the
Vorderendabschnitt 50 der Einstoffwendel 44 mit dem Vorderendabschnitt 46 des Front end portion 50 of the single-material coil 44 with the front end portion 46 of
Glührohres 12 verbunden ist, beispielsweise in dem Material des Glührohres 12 eingebettet ist. Zum Schließen des Glührohres 12, bzw. des Glührohrhalses 48, kann in die Öffnung 49 zunächst ein Materialstück angeordnet werden, welches aus dem gleichen Material gefertigt ist, wie das Glührohr 12 bzw. der Glührohrhals 48. Mittels eines stoffschlüssigen  Glow tube 12 is connected, for example, is embedded in the material of the glow tube 12. To close the glow tube 12, or the Glührohrhalses 48, in the opening 49, a piece of material can first be arranged, which is made of the same material as the glow tube 12 and the Glührohrhals 48. By means of a cohesive
Fügeverfahrens, beispielsweise mittels Lichtbogenschweißens, wird das Materialstück geschmolzen, wobei der Vorderendabschnitt 46 geschlossen wird und der Joining process, for example by arc welding, the piece of material is melted, the front end portion 46 is closed and the
Vorderendabschnitt 50 der Einstoffwendel 44 mit dem Vorderendabschnitt 46 verbunden wird. Insbesondere ist ersichtlich, dass die Einstoffwendel 44 mit dem Glührohr 12 stofflich verbunden ist, insbesondere in das Material des Glührohres 12 eingebettet ist. Ferner geht aus Figur 4 eine Fügestelle 56 hervor, welche einerseits die Schließung der Öffnung 49 desFront end portion 50 of Einstoffwendel 44 is connected to the front end portion 46. In particular, it can be seen that the single-material coil 44 is materially connected to the glow tube 12, in particular is embedded in the material of the glow tube 12. Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows a joint 56 which, on the one hand, closes the opening 49 of the opening
Glührohres 12 entspricht und andererseits den Bereich der Einbettung der Einstoffwendel 44 in dem Material des Glührohres 12 darstellt. Glow tube 12 corresponds and on the other hand represents the area of embedding the Einstoffwendel 44 in the material of the glow tube 12.
Es ist ersichtlich, dass der Vorderendabschnitt 50 der Einstoffwendel 44 zu einer äußeren Spitze 58 des Glührohres 12 einen Abstand 60 aufweist. Um zu verhindern, dass das empfindliche Material der Einstoffwendel 44 in Kontakt mit den heißen Brennraumgasen kommt, ist ein ausreichend großer der Abstand 60 notwendig. Dieser berücksichtigt auch, dass im Falle einer externen Korrosion des Glührohres 12 während der Lebensdauer, die Wandstärke des Glührohres 12 abnimmt. Ferner ist von großer Bedeutung, dass die Fügestelle 56 gegenüber Sauerstoff und Stickstoff gasdicht ausgeführt ist. It can be seen that the front end portion 50 of the single-material coil 44 has a distance 60 from an outer tip 58 of the glow tube 12. To prevent that sensitive material of Einstoffwendel 44 comes into contact with the hot combustion chamber gases, a sufficiently large 60 distance is necessary. This also takes into account that in the case of external corrosion of the glow tube 12 during the life, the wall thickness of the glow tube 12 decreases. Furthermore, it is of great importance that the joint 56 is gas-tight with respect to oxygen and nitrogen.

Claims

Glühstiftkerze (10) zur Anordnung in einem Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem in einem Glührohr (12) aufgenommenen elektrischen Widerstandselement (16), ausgebildet als Einstoffwendel (44) mit einem definierten Widerstands-Temperaturkoeffizienten, wobei das elektrische Wderstandselement (16) mittels einer sich dynamisch ändernden Ansteuerspannung aufgeheizt und/oder auf einer vorgegebenen Temperatur gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des elektrische Wderstandselement (16) mindestens ein Refraktärmetall umfasst und mit dem Glührohr (12) gasdicht und korrosionsfest verschweißt ist. Glow plug (10) for arrangement in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle with a in a glow tube (12) recorded electrical resistance element (16) formed as Einstoffwendel (44) having a defined resistance temperature coefficient, wherein the electrical Wderstandselement (16) by means of a is dynamically changing drive voltage heated and / or maintained at a predetermined temperature, characterized in that the material of the electrical Wderstandselement (16) comprises at least one refractory metal and with the glow tube (12) gas-tight and corrosion-resistant welded.
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) aus den Refraktärmetallen Chrom, Molybdän, Niob, Tantal, Wolfram oder deren Legierungen ausgewählt ist. Glow plug (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the electrical resistance element (16) from the refractory metals chromium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tungsten or their alloys is selected.
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) Molybdän oder Wolfram umfasst mit Lanthanoxid (La203), Thoriumoxid (Th02), Cerdioxid (Ce02) und/oder Yttriumoxid (Y203). Glow plug (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the material of the electrical resistance element (16) comprises molybdenum or tungsten with lanthanum oxide (La 2 0 3 ), thorium oxide (Th0 2 ), ceria (Ce0 2 ) and / or yttrium oxide (Y 2 0 3 ).
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) eine Molybdän-Titan-Zirkon- Legierung ist. Glow plug (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material of the electrical resistance element (16) is a molybdenum-titanium-zirconium alloy.
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) eine Nickel-Chrom-Eisen-Legierung ist mit mehr als 10 Gew.-% Nickel, mehr als 10 Gew.-% Chrom, mehr als 1 Gew.-% Aluminium und/oder mehr als 0,5 Gew.-% Silizium. Glow plug (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the electrical resistance element (16) is a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with more than 10 wt .-% nickel, more than 10 wt .-% chromium, more than 1 wt .-% aluminum and / or more than 0.5 wt .-% silicon.
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Glührohr (12) eine Nickel-Chrom-Legierung ist mit 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Aluminium, 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Chrom und 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-% Silizium. Glow plug (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the glow tube (12) is a nickel-chromium alloy with 1 to 10 wt .-% aluminum, 10 to 30 wt .-% chromium and 0.05 to 5 wt. -% silicon.
7. Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Glührohr (12) eine Legierung ist mit mehr als 5 Gew.-% Eisen, mehr als 0,05 Gew.-% Titan, weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Kupfer, weniger als 0,5 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, weniger als 0,3 Gew.-% Yttrium, weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Zirkon und/oder weniger als 0,7 Gew.-% Mangan. 7. glow plug (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the glow tube (12) is an alloy with more than 5 wt .-% iron, more than 0.05 wt .-% titanium, less than 0.2 wt. % Copper, less than 0.5% by weight carbon, less than 0.3% by weight yttrium, less than 0.2% by weight zirconium and / or less than 0.7% by weight manganese.
8. Glühstiftkerze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Vorderendabschnitt (50) des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) mit einem Vorderendabschnitt (46) des Glührohres (12) verbunden ist. 8. glow plug (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a front end portion (50) of the electrical resistance element (16) with a front end portion (46) of the glow tube (12) is connected.
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Glow plug (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the
Vorderendabschnitt (46) des Glührohres (12) als Glührohrhals (48) ausgebildet ist, welcher mittels mindestens eines Schweißverfahrens derart verschlossen ist, dass der Vorderendabschnitt (50) des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) stofflich und elektrisch mit dem Glührohr (12) verbunden ist.  Front end portion (46) of the glow tube (12) is formed as Glührohrhals (48), which is closed by means of at least one welding process such that the front end portion (50) of the electrical resistance element (16) is materially and electrically connected to the glow tube (12).
Glühstiftkerze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorderendabschnitt (50) des elektrischen Widerstandselements (16) zu einer äußeren Spitze (58) des Glührohres (12) um einen Abstand (60) beabstandet ist. 1 1 Glühstiftkerze (10) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand (60) mindestens zweimal einen Durchmesser des zur Einstoffwendel (44) geformten Glühdrahtes beträgt. The glow plug (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the front end portion (50) of the electrically resistive element (16) is spaced from an outer tip (58) of the glow tube (12) by a distance (60). 1 1 glow plug (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the distance (60) is at least twice a diameter of the Einstoffwendel (44) shaped glow wire.
EP14734049.1A 2013-06-26 2014-06-18 Glow tube for a controllable sheathed glow plug Not-in-force EP3014184B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310212283 DE102013212283A1 (en) 2013-06-26 2013-06-26 Glow tube for a controllable glow plug
PCT/EP2014/062883 WO2014206847A1 (en) 2013-06-26 2014-06-18 Glow tube for a controllable sheathed glow plug

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EP3014184A1 true EP3014184A1 (en) 2016-05-04
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DE102013212283A1 (en) 2014-12-31
CN105308392B (en) 2017-07-18
CN105308392A (en) 2016-02-03
EP3014184B1 (en) 2018-08-08
WO2014206847A1 (en) 2014-12-31

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