EP3009741A1 - Chaudière ou four de combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion d'air étagée - Google Patents

Chaudière ou four de combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion d'air étagée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3009741A1
EP3009741A1 EP14188941.0A EP14188941A EP3009741A1 EP 3009741 A1 EP3009741 A1 EP 3009741A1 EP 14188941 A EP14188941 A EP 14188941A EP 3009741 A1 EP3009741 A1 EP 3009741A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
combustion
secondary air
enclosure
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14188941.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pieter Gerard Böhmer
Stephan Cornelis Gerardus Bergmans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stork Thermeq BV
Original Assignee
Stork Thermeq BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stork Thermeq BV filed Critical Stork Thermeq BV
Priority to EP14188941.0A priority Critical patent/EP3009741A1/fr
Priority to CN201410655095.0A priority patent/CN105674250A/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2015/073787 priority patent/WO2016059117A1/fr
Publication of EP3009741A1 publication Critical patent/EP3009741A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/102—Furnace staging in horizontal direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler or furnace for combustion of fuel in an air staged combustion mode.
  • Air staging is a well-known design feature for NOx control in boilers and furnaces, e.g. power plant boilers, industrial boilers for generating steam and/or hot water.
  • Air staging involves a separation of combustion air into a primary air flow and a secondary air flow.
  • the primary air the majority of the total amount of combustion air - is mixed with the respective fuel in a burner, where combustion occurs at a relative low temperature producing a flue gas that is rich in fuel and deficient regarding oxygen, and moderate amounts of NOx are formed.
  • the secondary air the remaining combustion air - is introduced into the flue gas downstream of the burner(s) in a secondary combustion zone. There complete combustion and burnout are achieved again at a relatively low temperature minimizing the production of NOx.
  • the secondary air is introduced from the outside via ports or nozzles extending through the housing of the boiler or furnace at the required position in the secondary combustion zone.
  • the required position depends inter alia on the design of the boiler or furnace including the type of burner(s).
  • the housing typically comprises numerous pipes for relatively cooling the housing usually made from refractory materials, as well as generating a heated fluid like hot water and/or steam. At the locations of the secondary air ports these closely spaced apart pipes need to be bended in order to create the necessary accessible area for introducing these ports between the pipes. This makes the design complex, cumbersome and contributes to the manufacturing costs.
  • the invention aims at reducing the manufacturing costs of building or retrofitting a boiler or furnace by simplifying the design and/or reduction of required equipment.
  • a boiler or furnace for combustion of fuel in an air staged combustion mode comprises an enclosure defining a combustion chamber, of which at least a part is provided with heat exchanging tubes for generating a heated fluid, at least one burner for combustion of fuel provided with a fuel supply and a primary air supply, a secondary air supply and an outlet for discharging flue gas, wherein the secondary air supply is positioned internally of the enclosure and the heat exchanging tubes downstream of the at least one burner.
  • the boiler or furnace for combustion of fuel, like oil, gas, or solid fuel such as coal or biomass, in an air staged combustion mode comprises an enclosure.
  • the walls of the enclosure define a combustion chamber.
  • At least part of the enclosure is provided with heat exchanging tubes, wherein a heat exchange fluid flows, that is heated by the heat resulting from the combustion and simultaneously maintains the enclosure at a relatively low temperature.
  • the inlets of the heat exchanging tubes are connected, usually via an appropriate header system, to a source of heat exchange fluid, while the outlets, usually also by means of an appropriate header system, are connected to a discharge for passing the heated fluid to further processes, like electricity generation or heating process streams and/or buildings in an industrial plant Typically water is heated to hot water and/or steam.
  • a so called waterwall comprising closely set tubes is a suitable example.
  • Membrane tubes are another examples
  • the enclosure itself is typically made from refractory materials and/or steel, such as refractory cladded steel.
  • At least one burner for combustion of a fuel is provided in one of the walls of the enclosure.
  • the fuel typically a gaseous or liquid fuel
  • Primary combustion air typically 60 - 90 vol.% of the total amount of combustion air, is also fed to the burner via a primary air supply, suitably a wind-box.
  • the enclosure also has an outlet for discharging flue gas resulting from the combustion process.
  • a secondary air supply is provided internally of the enclosure and the heat exchanging tubes at a position downstream of the at least one burner.
  • Providing an internal supply for the secondary air allows to have as few positions as possible where the pattern of the heat exchanging tubes needs to be adapted around an entry duct, thus reducing the number of bends or other curves therein compared to the external secondary air supply in the prior art and thereby also reducing design and manufacturing costs.
  • the inlet of the secondary air supply through the enclosure and between heat exchanging tubes will be at the enclosure wall where the burner is situated, or at the wall opposite the burner.
  • the burner opening in the wall itself is used as a hole for this secondary air inlet, as will be explained hereinafter.
  • a primary combustion zone and a secondary combustion zone can be distinguished in the combustion chamber.
  • fuel is combusted with the bulk of the total combustion air, typically 60-90%, while the secondary combustion air (the remaining volume 10-40% of the total combustion air) is fed to the secondary combustion zone, downstream the primary combustion zone.
  • the secondary air supply comprises an inlet duct through the wall of the enclosure in fluid communication with a distribution channel extending along the inner periphery of the enclosure in a direction transverse to the flow direction of the flue gas in operation, wherein the distribution channel is provided with nozzles for injection of secondary air into the flue gas.
  • the secondary air supply is a manifold system comprising at least an inlet duct for secondary air in fluid communication with a distribution channel.
  • the distribution channel is provided with a plurality of injection nozzles for delivering the secondary air to the flue gas.
  • the injection nozzles are spaced apart, such as at predetermined intervals.
  • the injection nozzles can be grouped together forming subgroups of closely set nozzles, while the distance between subgroups might vary.
  • the size of the nozzle openings might vary as well.
  • the injection nozzles are preferably designed, including number, position, dimensions and direction, such that an intimate mixing with the flue gas occurs in the secondary combustion zone.
  • the peripheral distribution channel such as an annular passageway, e.g. made from metal, refractory materials and/or concrete, extends in a direction perpendicular to the main flow of gas, and as it projects away from the enclosure wall to the centre, it forms a flow restriction for the flue gas flow.
  • This restriction contributes to internal recirculation of flue gas, if any depending on the type of burner and design of boiler or furnace, which is beneficial in suppressing NOx generation
  • This restriction also acts as a venturi thereby enhancing the draw of flue gas to the outlet and promoting the thorough mixing of the secondary air with the flue gas, thereby on its turn improving complete combustion and burnout.
  • the inlet of the secondary air supply through the enclosure is preferably positioned in the wall thereof, which wall also is provided with the at least one burner. Another preferred position of the inlet is in the wall opposite the burner. Typically these walls are more accessible than the side walls. Furthermore usually the impact of positioning the inlet in one of these walls on the arrangement of the heat exchanging tubes is less than in a situation, where the inlet would be positioned in a side wall extending between the wall having the burner and the opposite wall.
  • the secondary air supply may be provided with its own dedicated equipment like a fan, wind-box and control devices in order to control the flow of secondary air, in particular the amount thereof.
  • the at least one burner is a throat burner provided in a burner opening in a wall of the enclosure, and the inlet of the secondary air supply is provided in the burner opening.
  • This arrangement allows as few as possible openings in the enclosure, simplifying the design and reducing manufacturing costs.
  • the inlet duct is integrated in the throat burner.
  • the boiler or furnace comprises a wind-box for supplying air to the primary air supply and the secondary air supply.
  • a wind-box for supplying air to the primary air supply and the secondary air supply.
  • the wind-box is provided with control means for controlling the secondary air flow.
  • a damper is a suitable control means.
  • the boiler or furnace can be used in power plant facilities, where produced steam is fed to a steam turbine in order to generate electricity in an associated generator.
  • the boiler or furnace may also be used in industrial facilities for producing (low pressure) steam or heated fluid, which is processed further for example for heating purposes.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a basic design of an embodiment of a furnace 10 according to the invention.
  • the furnace 10 comprises a box like enclosure 12 defining a combustion chamber 14.
  • the walls 16 of the enclosure 12 are provided with closely set heat exchanging tubes 18 as a so called water wall, wherein e.g. water and/or steam flows during operation.
  • water is fed to the tubes 18 and converted into steam, which is discharge, as indicated by arrows.
  • a number of burners 22, in this case two are positioned, which are fed with primary air and fuel, like gas or oil, via primary air supply line 24 and fuel supply line 26 respectively. Flue gas is discharged from the combustion chamber14 via exhaust 28.
  • the internal secondary air supply line 34 comprises inlet channels 38 at the top and bottom of the enclosure 12, which channels 38 extend from their inlets 40 connected to the secondary air supply 32, along the walls 16 in the direction of the main direction of flue gas (indicated by arrow 42).
  • the channels 38 are connected to a distribution channel 46, which extends along the periphery of the enclosure 12 at the inside thereof.
  • the distribution channel 46 is transverse to the main flow direction of flue gas in the combustion chamber 14 as indicated by an arrow.
  • the distribution channel 34 comprises a number of nozzles 48.
  • Fig. 2 shows an another embodiment. Parts similar to those shown in Fig. 1 are indicated by the same reference numeral.
  • the furnace or boiler 10 comprises an enclosure 12 defining a combustion chamber 14. In the walls 16 of the enclosure 12 heat exchanging tubes 18 are provided.
  • a throat burner 22 is mounted in a burner opening 49 in the wall 20 of the enclosure 12.
  • the burner 22 receives fuel from fuel supply line 26.
  • a wind-box 50 is provided, which passes the primary air via channel 52 to the burner and the secondary air via channels 54 each provided with a damper 56 for controlling the secondary air flow, into channels 38 and further into distribution channel 46 having nozzles 48.
  • Reference numeral 58 indicates the primary flame, while the internal flue gas recirculation, if any, bears reference numeral 60.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP14188941.0A 2014-10-15 2014-10-15 Chaudière ou four de combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion d'air étagée Withdrawn EP3009741A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14188941.0A EP3009741A1 (fr) 2014-10-15 2014-10-15 Chaudière ou four de combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion d'air étagée
CN201410655095.0A CN105674250A (zh) 2014-10-15 2014-11-17 用于以空气分级燃烧模式燃烧燃料的锅炉或熔炉
PCT/EP2015/073787 WO2016059117A1 (fr) 2014-10-15 2015-10-14 Chaudière ou four pour la combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion étagée à air

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14188941.0A EP3009741A1 (fr) 2014-10-15 2014-10-15 Chaudière ou four de combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion d'air étagée

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3009741A1 true EP3009741A1 (fr) 2016-04-20

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Family Applications (1)

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EP14188941.0A Withdrawn EP3009741A1 (fr) 2014-10-15 2014-10-15 Chaudière ou four de combustion de combustible dans un mode de combustion d'air étagée

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3009741A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105674250A (fr)
WO (1) WO2016059117A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110486714A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2019-11-22 江苏河海新能源股份有限公司 等离子低氮燃烧装置
CN110848668A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-02-28 西安交通大学 一种天然气超低NOx燃烧系统及方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107869738B (zh) * 2017-12-08 2023-12-26 广州市东霸节能科技有限公司 一种炉头

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6138309A (ja) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-24 Obara Yasunori 燃焼装置
US5575243A (en) * 1994-11-30 1996-11-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Low NOx integrated boiler-burner apparatus
WO2006114654A2 (fr) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 TÓTH, Béla Procede pour la combustion automatique de combustibles granulaires solides, en particulier des granules, et bruleur pour chaudiere

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050877A (en) * 1974-07-12 1977-09-27 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Reduction of gaseous pollutants in combustion flue gas
US4496306A (en) * 1978-06-09 1985-01-29 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. Multi-stage combustion method for inhibiting formation of nitrogen oxides
US6837702B1 (en) * 1994-12-01 2005-01-04 Wartsila Diesel, Inc. Method of operating a combined cycle power plant

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6138309A (ja) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-24 Obara Yasunori 燃焼装置
US5575243A (en) * 1994-11-30 1996-11-19 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Low NOx integrated boiler-burner apparatus
WO2006114654A2 (fr) * 2005-04-25 2006-11-02 TÓTH, Béla Procede pour la combustion automatique de combustibles granulaires solides, en particulier des granules, et bruleur pour chaudiere

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110486714A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2019-11-22 江苏河海新能源股份有限公司 等离子低氮燃烧装置
CN110848668A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-02-28 西安交通大学 一种天然气超低NOx燃烧系统及方法
CN110848668B (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-10-27 西安交通大学 一种天然气超低NOx燃烧系统及方法

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Publication number Publication date
WO2016059117A1 (fr) 2016-04-21
CN105674250A (zh) 2016-06-15

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