EP3006887B1 - Tube bundle heat exchanger - Google Patents

Tube bundle heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3006887B1
EP3006887B1 EP14187930.4A EP14187930A EP3006887B1 EP 3006887 B1 EP3006887 B1 EP 3006887B1 EP 14187930 A EP14187930 A EP 14187930A EP 3006887 B1 EP3006887 B1 EP 3006887B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube bundle
heat exchanger
tube
shell
housing
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14187930.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3006887A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suelzle Holding & Co KG GmbH
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Suelzle Holding & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to EP14187930.4A priority Critical patent/EP3006887B1/en
Publication of EP3006887A1 publication Critical patent/EP3006887A1/en
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Publication of EP3006887B1 publication Critical patent/EP3006887B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation with the features of the preambles of claims 7 and 8.
  • the publication DE 33 44 500 A1 discloses a shell and tube heat exchanger composed of segments having a rectangular frame and a tube bundle.
  • the segments are clamped together with tie rods, wherein between the segments plate-shaped seals are arranged, which must seal both the frame and against the tubes abutting the seals of the tube bundle.
  • the tubes of the tube bundles are flowed meander-shaped, for which the flow at the ends of the tube bundle heat exchanger is deflected into lids.
  • the tubes are flowed around in a cross-flow and meandering manner.
  • the frames of the clamped segments form a shell of the tube bundle heat exchanger, in which a tube bundle consisting of the tube bundles of the segments is arranged. A length and thus a performance of the known shell and tube heat exchanger is determined by the number of segments clamped together.
  • the publication DE 33 44 500 A1 discloses a shell-and-tube heat exchanger of segmental construction composed of like individual segments having lengths of tubing as thick as the individual segments.
  • the individual segments are assembled in the manner of a stack and clamped together with inserted threaded rods as clamping anchors. Between the individual segments plate-shaped seals are arranged, which have at the locations of the pipe sections holes for a fluid passage.
  • a problem with shell and tube heat exchangers is corrosion when a gas flowing through the shell and tube heat exchanger contains a corrosive medium which condenses in the shell and tube heat exchanger.
  • the gas containing the corrosive medium When the gas containing the corrosive medium is passed through the tube bundle, at least the tube bundle must be made of a corrosion-resistant and therefore expensive material. If the moist gas containing the corrosive medium flows around the tube bundle in the housing, the housing and the tube bundle must be made of a corrosion-resistant material. If corrosion occurs despite the use of corrosion-resistant material, at least the tube bundle or even the shell-and-tube heat exchanger must be replaced altogether with corresponding costs.
  • the corrosive medium may be, for example, an acid-forming gas.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a tube bundle heat exchanger and a method for its operation, which allows a cost-effective partial exchange of the tube bundle.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention has a tube bundle with a separation point at which the tube bundle is separable into a short and a long tube bundle.
  • the short tube bundle forms a sacrificial part, which is exchanged in case of corrosion.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger is designed and operated so that a moist gas flowing through the tube bundle or flows around the tube bundle in the housing condenses exclusively in the region of the short tube bundle, i. the long tube bundle including the separation point is located entirely in a region in which the acid-forming gas constituents do not condense.
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger flows through an acid-forming gas or a gas mixture containing an acid-forming gas
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is designed on the surface of the tubes in such a way that the acid-forming gas falls below the condensation temperature exclusively in the region of the short tube bundle.
  • the short tube bundle is formed so long that a condensation point of the acid-forming gas in the Area of the short tube bundle is located. The long tube bundle is thereby exposed to no or at most low corrosion, the short tube bundle can be exchanged as a sacrificial part.
  • the condensation point is dependent on the temperature and pressure other than the gas, ie on the operating conditions of the shell and tube heat exchanger.
  • the length of the short tube bundle must be designed for intended operating conditions. In special operating conditions, such as a startup or shutdown or unusual gas temperatures, - press and / or quantities, the location of the condensation point may differ. Such special operating conditions should be kept as short as possible in terms of time.
  • the invention enables a tube bundle heat exchanger in which only a short tube bundle corrosion by condensation of a moist and a corrosive medium containing gas is exposed.
  • the short tube bundle can be made of a corrosion resistant material and it can be exchanged in case of corrosion.
  • the long tube bundle may consist of another, for example, cheaper and / or temperature-resistant material.
  • An aspect ratio between the short and the long tube bundle depends inter alia on the inflow and outflow temperatures of the tube bundle heat exchanger flowing fluids or the inflow temperatures, fluid quantities and the dew point of the moist gas containing the corrosive medium and flows through the tube bundle heat exchanger as fluid. It is desirable to have a tube bundle that is as short as possible and as long as possible, with the short tube bundle being so long that the dew point of the moist gas containing the corrosive medium or of the condensation point of the acid-forming gas reliably lies in the region of the short tube bundle and the long tube bundle is including the separation point outside the condensation region of the gas containing the acid-forming gas or the acid-forming gas, in order to avoid corrosion of the long tube bundle.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides an aspect ratio of about 1: 5 of the short to long tube bundle, wherein also length ratios from about 1: 2 or 1: 3 are possible.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides to provide each tube bundle with a flange, with which the tubes of the respective tube bundle are fluid-tightly connected.
  • the two flanges are in turn fluid-tightly connected to each other, for example screwed, welded, riveted or connected by crimping, with a fluid tightness along a closed line, which encloses all tubes of the tube bundle, so for example, a fluid-tight connection of the two flanges on its circumference, is sufficient.
  • the fluid-tight connected flanges form a double flange and at the same time the separation point at which the tube bundles are separable.
  • a connection of the two flanges is for example also possible by welding the two flanges along their circumference, for the separation of a weld must be opened or removed.
  • a seal between different tubes of the tube bundle is not necessary when the tubes of the tube bundle are flowed through in the same direction, which simplifies the sealing of the tube bundles at the separation point.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a tube as a housing in which the tube bundle is arranged.
  • the invention provides, according to the method, that a moist gas, an acid-forming gas or a gas mixture containing an acid-forming gas flows as a heat-emitting fluid in the longitudinal direction of the tube bundle in one direction through the housing or the tube bundle of the tube bundle heat transfer, thereby giving off and cooling off heat, so that moisture of the gas or the acid-forming gas condenses.
  • the short tube bundle is located at a colder end, ie where the moisture from the gas or the acid-forming gas condenses.
  • the short tube bundle is so long that it reaches into a range in which the moist gas or the acid-forming gas is so warm that its relative humidity is below 100% and does not condense or the short tube bundle is so long that it reaches into a range in which the acid-forming gas does not condense.
  • a dew point of the moist gas or a condensation point of the acid-forming gas is located So in the area of the short tube bundle, the long tube bundle including the separation point is a range in which the gas does not fall below its dew or condensation point and condenses moisture or no acid-forming gas, so that the long tube bundle including the separation point no or at most low corrosion is exposed.
  • the long tube bundle including the separation point is less prone to corrosion than the short tube bundle, because in the region of the long tube bundle including the separation point no condensation takes place.
  • the shell and tube heat exchanger is operated in countercurrent, i.
  • a fluid flows in the opposite direction as in the tube bundle.
  • a colder i. Heat-absorbing medium enters the tube bundle or housing on the side of the short tube bundle
  • a warmer i. heat-emitting medium enters the housing or the tube bundle of the tube bundle heat exchanger at the other end.
  • the heat-absorbing and the heat-emitting fluid in the region of the short tube bundle are colder, so that there is below the dew or condensation point and the long tube bundle including the separation point in a region in which no moisture or acid-forming gas condensed.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger has deflecting plates, which are arranged in the housing and penetrated by the tubes of the tube bundle.
  • the baffles have passages for the fluid flowing through the housing, for example in the form of a gap between an edge of a baffle and the housing at a peripheral location. But it is also possible, for example, one or more openings within the baffle. Passages adjacent baffles are located at different locations, preferably alternately at opposite circumferential locations. In this way, the fluid is passed through the housing between the baffles in a transverse flow to the tube bundle and thus transversely between the tubes of the tube bundle. additionally For cross-flow, the fluid between the baffles can also flow in the longitudinal direction of the tube bundle.
  • baffles Due to the cross flow between the baffles, a contact path of the fluid flowing through the housing is lengthened with the tube bundle and heat transfer is improved.
  • sheets the baffles do not have to be made of metal but are generally to be understood as deflection means, which cause a transverse flow between the tubes in addition to the longitudinal flow along the tubes.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a compensator, i. H. Device for compensating for different thermal expansion of the housing and the tube bundle before.
  • the compensator may be one or more corrugations of a tube forming the housing or a sleeve forming part of the housing.
  • the compensator can thus be designed, for example, in the manner of a corrugated tube.
  • the compensator is outside the range in which condenses the moist, heat-emitting and a corrosive medium or the acid-forming gas, or has a surface temperature which is above the condensation temperature of the acid-forming gas, so that the compensator no or at most lower Is exposed to corrosion.
  • the housing of the tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention can also have a separation point outside the condensation region of the moist, heat-emitting and corrosive medium-containing or acid-forming gas, so that only a short part of the housing is exposed to corrosion, which can be exchanged.
  • the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the single figure which is distributed over two sheets, shows an axial section of a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 has a tube as a housing 2, in which a tube bundle 3 is arranged, the tubes 4 extend axially parallel to the housing 2.
  • the tube bundle 3 has a double flange 5, which forms a separation point 6, at which the tube bundle 3 in a short tube bundle 7 and a long tube bundle 8 is separable.
  • the long tube bundle 8 is five times as long as the short tube bundle 7, the aspect ratio of the tube bundles 7, 8 may vary in embodiments of the invention.
  • Ends of the tubes 4 of the tube bundles 7, 8 are fluid-tight, each welded to a flange 9, 10, wherein the two flanges 9, 10 are welded at its periphery to the double flange 5.
  • the tubes 4 of the short and long tube bundle 7, 8, are not welded together, but connected to each other via the flanges 9, 10.
  • the tube bundle 3 in the short and the long tube bundle 7, 8 is separable.
  • Other connections of the two flanges 9, 10 as welding, for example screwing, are possible.
  • the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 7, 8 fluid-tight with end flanges 11, 12 are welded.
  • the end flange 11 of the short tube bundle 7 has a conical neck as a fluid inlet 13 into which the tubes 4 open.
  • the tubes 4 open into one end of the housing 2, which has a short tube piece with a flange as the fluid outlet 14 of the tube bundle 3.
  • the end flanges 11, 12 fill a cross-section of the housing 2, so that no fluid between the end flanges 11, 12 and the housing 2 passes.
  • the baffles 15 have the shape of circle segments, which occupy significantly more than a semicircle, so that a likewise circular segment-shaped passage 16, which occupies the rest of the cross-sectional area of the housing 2, free remains.
  • the passages 16 of adjacent baffles 15 are each opposite, so that a fluid flow is directed through the housing 2 serpentine and between two baffles 15 always flows between the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3.
  • the double flange 5 also forms such a baffle.
  • the housing 2 has at both ends within the end flanges 11, 12 of the tube bundle 3 connections as a fluid inlet 17 and fluid outlet 18, wherein the fluid inlets 13, 17 in the tube bundle 3 and in the housing 2 as well as the fluid outlets 14, 18 from the tube bundle 3 and from the housing 2 are each located at opposite ends of the tube bundle heat transfer 1.
  • the fluid inlet of the heat-absorbing, colder medium, in the exemplary embodiment the fluid inlet 13 into the tube bundle 3, and the fluid outlet of the heat-emitting, warmer medium, in the embodiment of the fluid outlet 18 from the housing 2, i. in each case the colder sides of the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 flowing through the media, are provided on the side of the short tube bundle 7.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is thus operated in countercurrent or by the baffles 15, which force a serpentine flow through the housing 2, in a cross counterflow.
  • the housing 2 has a sleeve 19 with two circumferential corrugations 20 comparable to a corrugated tube as a compensator 21, ie as a means for compensating for different thermal expansion of the housing 2 and the tube bundle 3.
  • the housing 2 is in three parts, it has a short tube 22 and a long tube 23 which are connected by screwed flanges 24 with the compensator 21.
  • the short tube 22 essentially comprises the short tube bundle 7 and the long tube 23 substantially the long tube bundle 8.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is used for preheating and for the recovery of heat from air, which is loaded, for example, with hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and / or hydrogen iodide.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is used for preheating and heat recovery of a moist gas containing a corrosive medium, wherein the corrosive medium, for example one of the aforementioned gases, that is an acid-forming gas.
  • the acid-forming gas has a corrosive effect only after condensation by acid formation, ie when the acid-forming gas is below its condensation point.
  • two different fluids can also be passed through the tube bundle 3 and through the housing 2, of which at least one is a moist gas containing a corrosive medium, in particular an acid-forming gas.
  • a moist gas containing a corrosive medium in particular an acid-forming gas.
  • polluted air comes from insulating foam of refrigerators and arises in their disposal and oxidation / combustion.
  • Another charged fluid is, for example, refrigerant.
  • the moist and a corrosive medium-containing gas or a gas mixture containing an acid-forming gas is preferably passed through the housing 2 so that any corrosion efflorescence outside of the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3 arise and the tubes 4 not enforce.
  • the moist gas containing a corrosive medium or the gas containing the acid-forming gas is heated as a heat-emitting medium at a temperature of about 370 ° C, for example about 500 ° C through the fluid inlet 17 at the end of the long tube bundle 8 in the Housing 2 passed, the housing 2 flows through serpentine in the longitudinal direction, wherein it flows between each deflector 15 between the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3 and exits through the fluid outlet 18 at the other end of the housing 2 with a temperature of, for example, 70 ° Celsius.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is designed so that the short tube bundle 7 is so long that the wet gas its dew point or in the case of an acid-forming gas this condensation point only after passing through the double flange 5, ie in the region of the short tube bundle 7. Corrosion therefore occurs exclusively or at least essentially only in the region of the short tube bundle 7 on.
  • the acid-forming gas does not condense and the relative humidity is below 100% and remains dissolved in the gas, which can also be understood as a transport fluid, so that Here, no or at best little corrosion is to get.
  • An aspect ratio of the short tube bundle 7 to the long tube bundle 8 is in the embodiment 1: 5 and is dependent on the or the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 flowing fluids and their temperatures at the fluid inlets 13, 17 and fluid outlets 14, 18 or by the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 flowing fluid quantities and their temperatures at the fluid inlets 13, 17.
  • the shell and tube heat exchanger 1 is longer than drawn on sheet 2/2 missing a part of the long tube bundle 8 and the long tube 23 of the housing so that the drawing fits on the sheet.
  • the short tube bundle 7 consists of a corrosion-resistant steel or at least of more corrosion-resistant steel than the long tube bundle 8 and can also be replaced by separating at the separation point 6 after opening the housing 2 on one of the flanges 24 relatively easy as a sacrificial part.
  • the short tube bundle 7 may consist of a corrosive material or of a material of comparable corrosion resistance as the long tube bundle 8 and be replaced as often.
  • the long tube bundle 8 consists of a less corrosion-resistant and cheaper and / temperature-resistant steel. Corrosion resistance refers to the or the corrosive media in the humid or the gases flowing through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 1.
  • the short and long tubes 22, 23 of the housing 2 may be made of the same steels as the short and long tube bundles 7, 8.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb mit den Merkmalen der Oberbegriffe der Ansprüche 7 und 8.The invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation with the features of the preambles of claims 7 and 8.

Die Offenlegungsschrift DE 33 44 500 A1 offenbart einen Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager, der aus Segmenten zusammengesetzt ist, die einen rechteckigen Rahmen und ein Rohrbündel aufweisen. Die Segmente werden mit Zugankern zusammengespannt, wobei zwischen den Segmenten plattenförmige Dichtungen angeordnet werden, die sowohl am Rahmen als auch an den gegen die Dichtungen stoßenden Rohren der Rohrbündel abdichten müssen. Die Rohre der Rohrbündel werden mäanderförmig durchströmt wofür die Strömung an Enden des Rohrbündelwärmeübertragers in Deckeln umgelenkt wird. Innerhalb der Segmente werden die Rohre im Querstrom und mäanderförmig umströmt. Die Rahmen der zusammengespannten Segmente bilden ein Gehäuse des Rohrbündelwärmetauschers, in dem ein Rohrbündel, das aus den Rohrbündeln der Segmente besteht, angeordnet ist. Eine Länge und damit eine Leistung des bekannten Rohrbündelwärmeübertragers wird durch die Anzahl der zusammengespannten Segmente mitbestimmt.The publication DE 33 44 500 A1 discloses a shell and tube heat exchanger composed of segments having a rectangular frame and a tube bundle. The segments are clamped together with tie rods, wherein between the segments plate-shaped seals are arranged, which must seal both the frame and against the tubes abutting the seals of the tube bundle. The tubes of the tube bundles are flowed meander-shaped, for which the flow at the ends of the tube bundle heat exchanger is deflected into lids. Within the segments, the tubes are flowed around in a cross-flow and meandering manner. The frames of the clamped segments form a shell of the tube bundle heat exchanger, in which a tube bundle consisting of the tube bundles of the segments is arranged. A length and thus a performance of the known shell and tube heat exchanger is determined by the number of segments clamped together.

Die Offenlegungsschrift DE 33 44 500 A1 offenbart einen Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager in Segmentbauweise, der aus gleichen Einzelsegmenten zusammengesetzt ist, die Rohrstücke aufweisen, die so lang wie die Einzelsegmente dick sind. Die Einzelsegmente werden nach Art eines Stapels zusammengesetzt und mit durchgesteckten Gewindestangen als Spannankern zusammengespannt. Zwischen den Einzelsegmenten sind plattenförmige Dichtungen angeordnet, die an den Stellen der Rohrstücke Löcher für einen Fluiddurchtritt aufweisen.The publication DE 33 44 500 A1 discloses a shell-and-tube heat exchanger of segmental construction composed of like individual segments having lengths of tubing as thick as the individual segments. The individual segments are assembled in the manner of a stack and clamped together with inserted threaded rods as clamping anchors. Between the individual segments plate-shaped seals are arranged, which have at the locations of the pipe sections holes for a fluid passage.

Ein Problem von Rohrbündelwärmeübertragern ist Korrosion, wenn ein den Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager durchströmendes Gas ein korrosives Medium enthält welches im Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager kondensiert. Es muss dann, wenn das das korrosive Medium enthaltende Gas durch das Rohrbündel geleitet wird, zumindest das Rohrbündel aus einem korrosionsfesten und deswegen teuren Material hergestellt werden. Umströmt das feuchte, das korrosive Medium enthaltende Gas das Rohrbündel im Gehäuse müssen das Gehäuse und das Rohrbündel aus einem korrosionsfesten Material bestehen. Tritt trotz Verwendung an sich korrosionsfesten Materials Korrosion auf muss zumindest das Rohrbündel oder sogar der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager insgesamt ausgetauscht werden mit entsprechenden Kosten. Das korrosive Medium kann beispielsweise ein säurebildendes Gas sein.A problem with shell and tube heat exchangers is corrosion when a gas flowing through the shell and tube heat exchanger contains a corrosive medium which condenses in the shell and tube heat exchanger. When the gas containing the corrosive medium is passed through the tube bundle, at least the tube bundle must be made of a corrosion-resistant and therefore expensive material. If the moist gas containing the corrosive medium flows around the tube bundle in the housing, the housing and the tube bundle must be made of a corrosion-resistant material. If corrosion occurs despite the use of corrosion-resistant material, at least the tube bundle or even the shell-and-tube heat exchanger must be replaced altogether with corresponding costs. The corrosive medium may be, for example, an acid-forming gas.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist einen Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager und ein Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb vorzuschlagen, der einen kostengünstigen Teiltausch des Rohrbündels ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to propose a tube bundle heat exchanger and a method for its operation, which allows a cost-effective partial exchange of the tube bundle.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1, 7 und 8 gelöst. Der erfindungsgemäße Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager weist ein Rohrbündel mit einer Trennstelle auf, an der das Rohrbündel in ein kurzes und ein langes Rohrbündel trennbar ist. Das kurze Rohrbündel bildet ein Opferteil, das im Fall von Korrosion getauscht wird. Der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager wird so ausgelegt und betrieben, dass ein feuchtes Gas, das das Rohrbündel durchströmt oder das Rohrbündel im Gehäuse umströmt ausschließlich im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels kondensiert, d.h. das lange Rohrbündel einschließlich der Trennstelle befindet sich vollständig in einem Bereich, in dem die säurebildenden Gasbestandteile nicht kondensieren.This object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 7 and 8. The tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention has a tube bundle with a separation point at which the tube bundle is separable into a short and a long tube bundle. The short tube bundle forms a sacrificial part, which is exchanged in case of corrosion. The tube bundle heat exchanger is designed and operated so that a moist gas flowing through the tube bundle or flows around the tube bundle in the housing condenses exclusively in the region of the short tube bundle, i. the long tube bundle including the separation point is located entirely in a region in which the acid-forming gas constituents do not condense.

Wird der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager von einem säurebildenden Gas oder einem Gasgemisch, das ein säurebildendes Gas enthält, durchströmt, wird der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager an der Oberfläche der Rohre so ausgelegt, dass das säurebildende Gas ausschließlich im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels die Kondensationstemperatur unterschreitet. Das kurze Rohrbündel wird so lang ausgebildet, dass sich ein Kondensationspunkt des säurebildenden Gases im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels befindet. Das lange Rohrbündel ist dadurch keiner oder allenfalls geringer Korrosion ausgesetzt, das kurze Rohrbündel kann als Opferteil getauscht werden. Der Kondensationspunkt ist außer vom Gas von der Temperatur und dem Druck abhängig, d. h. von den Betriebsbedingungen des Rohrbündelwärmeübertragers. Die Länge des kurzen Rohrbündels ist für vorgesehene Betriebsbedingungen auszulegen. Bei Sonderbetriebsbedingungen, beispielsweise einem An- oder Abfahren oder ungewöhnlichen Gastemperaturen, - drücken und/oder -mengen, kann die Lage des Kondensationspunktes abweichen. Solche Sonderbetriebsbedingungen sollten zeitlich möglichst kurz gehalten werden.If the shell-and-tube heat exchanger flows through an acid-forming gas or a gas mixture containing an acid-forming gas, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is designed on the surface of the tubes in such a way that the acid-forming gas falls below the condensation temperature exclusively in the region of the short tube bundle. The short tube bundle is formed so long that a condensation point of the acid-forming gas in the Area of the short tube bundle is located. The long tube bundle is thereby exposed to no or at most low corrosion, the short tube bundle can be exchanged as a sacrificial part. The condensation point is dependent on the temperature and pressure other than the gas, ie on the operating conditions of the shell and tube heat exchanger. The length of the short tube bundle must be designed for intended operating conditions. In special operating conditions, such as a startup or shutdown or unusual gas temperatures, - press and / or quantities, the location of the condensation point may differ. Such special operating conditions should be kept as short as possible in terms of time.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager, in dem nur ein kurzes Rohrbündel Korrosion durch Kondensation eines feuchten und ein korrosives Medium enthaltendes Gas ausgesetzt ist. Das kurze Rohrbündel kann aus einem korrosionsfesten Material bestehen und es kann im Falle von Korrosion ausgetauscht werden. Das lange Rohrbündel kann aus einem anderen, beispielsweise preiswerteren und/oder temperaturbeständigerem Material bestehen.The invention enables a tube bundle heat exchanger in which only a short tube bundle corrosion by condensation of a moist and a corrosive medium containing gas is exposed. The short tube bundle can be made of a corrosion resistant material and it can be exchanged in case of corrosion. The long tube bundle may consist of another, for example, cheaper and / or temperature-resistant material.

Ein Längenverhältnis zwischen dem kurzen und dem langen Rohrbündel ist abhängig u.a. von den Zu- und Abströmtemperaturen der den Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager durchströmende Fluide bzw. den Zuströmtemperaturen, Fluidmengen und vom Taupunkt des feuchten Gases, das das korrosive Medium enthält und als Fluid den Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager durchströmt. Anzustreben ist ein möglichst kurzes und ein möglichst langes Rohrbündel, wobei das kurze Rohrbündel so lang sein muss, dass der Taupunkt des feuchten, das korrosive Medium enthaltenden Gas bzw. des Kondensationspunkts des säurebildenden Gas zuverlässig im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels liegt und das lange Rohrbündel sich einschließlich der Trennstelle außerhalb des Kondensationsbereichs des das säurebildenden Gas bzw. das säurebildenden Gas enthaltenden Gas befindet, um Korrosion des langen Rohrbündels zu vermeiden. Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht ein Längenverhältnis von etwa 1:5 des kurzen zum langen Rohrbündel vor, wobei auch Längenverhältnisse ab etwa 1:2 oder 1:3 möglich sind.An aspect ratio between the short and the long tube bundle depends inter alia on the inflow and outflow temperatures of the tube bundle heat exchanger flowing fluids or the inflow temperatures, fluid quantities and the dew point of the moist gas containing the corrosive medium and flows through the tube bundle heat exchanger as fluid. It is desirable to have a tube bundle that is as short as possible and as long as possible, with the short tube bundle being so long that the dew point of the moist gas containing the corrosive medium or of the condensation point of the acid-forming gas reliably lies in the region of the short tube bundle and the long tube bundle is including the separation point outside the condensation region of the gas containing the acid-forming gas or the acid-forming gas, in order to avoid corrosion of the long tube bundle. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides an aspect ratio of about 1: 5 of the short to long tube bundle, wherein also length ratios from about 1: 2 or 1: 3 are possible.

Zur Ausbildung der Trennstelle des Rohrbündels sieht eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, jedes Rohrbündel mit einem Flansch zu versehen, mit dem die Rohre des jeweiligen Rohrbündels fluiddicht verbunden sind. Die beiden Flansche sind ihrerseits fluiddicht miteinander verbunden, beispielsweise verschraubt, verschweißt, vernietet oder durch Bördeln verbunden, wobei eine Fluiddichtigkeit entlang einer geschlossenen Linie, die alle Rohre der Rohrbündel umschließt, also beispielsweise eine fluiddichte Verbindung der beiden Flansche an ihrem Umfang, genügt. Die fluiddicht verbundenen Flansche bilden einen Doppelflansch und zugleich die Trennstelle, an der die Rohrbündel trennbar sind. Eine Verbindung der beiden Flansche ist beispielsweise auch durch Verschweißen der beiden Flansche entlang ihres Umfangs möglich, zum Trennen muss eine Schweißnaht auf- oder abgetrennt werden. Eine Abdichtung zwischen verschiedenen Rohren des Rohrbündels ist nicht notwendig wenn die Rohre des Rohrbündels in gleicher Richtung durchströmt werden, was die Abdichtung der Rohrbündel an der Trennstelle vereinfacht.To form the separation point of the tube bundle, an embodiment of the invention provides to provide each tube bundle with a flange, with which the tubes of the respective tube bundle are fluid-tightly connected. The two flanges are in turn fluid-tightly connected to each other, for example screwed, welded, riveted or connected by crimping, with a fluid tightness along a closed line, which encloses all tubes of the tube bundle, so for example, a fluid-tight connection of the two flanges on its circumference, is sufficient. The fluid-tight connected flanges form a double flange and at the same time the separation point at which the tube bundles are separable. A connection of the two flanges is for example also possible by welding the two flanges along their circumference, for the separation of a weld must be opened or removed. A seal between different tubes of the tube bundle is not necessary when the tubes of the tube bundle are flowed through in the same direction, which simplifies the sealing of the tube bundles at the separation point.

Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht ein Rohr als Gehäuse vor, in dem das Rohrbündel angeordnet ist.An embodiment of the invention provides a tube as a housing in which the tube bundle is arranged.

Die Erfindung sieht verfahrensmässig vor, dass ein feuchtes Gas, ein säurebildendes Gas oder ein Gasgemisch, das ein säurebildendes Gas enthält, als wärmeabgebendes Fluid in Längsrichtung des Rohrbündels in einer Richtung durch das Gehäuse oder das Rohrbündel des Rohrbündelwärmeübertrages strömt und dabei Wärme abgibt und abkühlt, so dass Feuchtigkeit des Gases bzw. das säurebildende Gas kondensiert. Das kurze Rohrbündel befindet sich an einem kälteren Ende, also dort wo die Feuchtigkeit aus dem Gas bzw. das säurebildende Gas kondensiert. Das kurze Rohrbündel ist so lang, dass es bis in einen Bereich reicht, in dem das feuchte Gas bzw. das säurebildende Gas so warm ist, dass seine relative Feuchtigkeit unter 100% beträgt und nicht kondensiert bzw. das kurze Rohrbündel ist so lang, dass es bis in einen Bereich reicht, in dem das säurebildenden Gas nicht kondensiert. Ein Taupunkt des feuchten Gas bzw. ein Kondensationspunkt des säurebildenden Gas befindet sich also im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels, das lange Rohrbündel einschließlich der Trennstelle befindet sich ein einem Bereich, in dem das Gas seinen Tau- bzw. Kondensationspunkt nicht unterschreitet und keine Feuchtigkeit bzw. kein säurebildendes Gas kondensiert, so dass das lange Rohrbündel einschließlich der Trennstelle keiner oder allenfalls geringer Korrosion ausgesetzt ist. Jedenfalls ist das lange Rohrbündel einschließlich der Trennstelle weniger korrosionsgefährdet als das kurze Rohrbündel, weil im Bereich des langen Rohrbündels einschließlich der Trennstelle keine Kondensation stattfindet.The invention provides, according to the method, that a moist gas, an acid-forming gas or a gas mixture containing an acid-forming gas flows as a heat-emitting fluid in the longitudinal direction of the tube bundle in one direction through the housing or the tube bundle of the tube bundle heat transfer, thereby giving off and cooling off heat, so that moisture of the gas or the acid-forming gas condenses. The short tube bundle is located at a colder end, ie where the moisture from the gas or the acid-forming gas condenses. The short tube bundle is so long that it reaches into a range in which the moist gas or the acid-forming gas is so warm that its relative humidity is below 100% and does not condense or the short tube bundle is so long that it reaches into a range in which the acid-forming gas does not condense. A dew point of the moist gas or a condensation point of the acid-forming gas is located So in the area of the short tube bundle, the long tube bundle including the separation point is a range in which the gas does not fall below its dew or condensation point and condenses moisture or no acid-forming gas, so that the long tube bundle including the separation point no or at most low corrosion is exposed. In any case, the long tube bundle including the separation point is less prone to corrosion than the short tube bundle, because in the region of the long tube bundle including the separation point no condensation takes place.

Vorzugsweise wird der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager im Gegenstrom betrieben, d.h. im Gehäuse strömt ein Fluid in entgegengesetzter Richtung wie im Rohrbündel. Ein kälteres, d.h. wärmeaufnehmendes Medium tritt auf der Seite des kurzen Rohrbündels in das Rohrbündel oder das Gehäuse ein, ein wärmeres, d.h. wärmeabgebendes Medium tritt am anderen Ende in das Gehäuse oder das Rohrbündel des Rohrbündelwärmeübertragers ein. Durch diese Fluidführung sind das wärmeaufnehmende und das wärmeabgebende Fluid im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels kälter, so dass dort der Tau- bzw. Kondensationspunkt unterschritten wird und sich das lange Rohrbündel einschließlich der Trennstelle in einem Bereich befinden, in dem keine Feuchtigkeit bzw. kein säurebildendes Gas kondensiert.Preferably, the shell and tube heat exchanger is operated in countercurrent, i. In the housing, a fluid flows in the opposite direction as in the tube bundle. A colder, i. Heat-absorbing medium enters the tube bundle or housing on the side of the short tube bundle, a warmer, i. heat-emitting medium enters the housing or the tube bundle of the tube bundle heat exchanger at the other end. Through this fluid guide the heat-absorbing and the heat-emitting fluid in the region of the short tube bundle are colder, so that there is below the dew or condensation point and the long tube bundle including the separation point in a region in which no moisture or acid-forming gas condensed.

Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager Umlenkbleche aufweist, die im Gehäuse angeordnet und von den Rohren des Rohrbündels durchsetzt sind. Die Umlenkbleche weisen Durchlässe für das das Gehäuse durchströmende Fluid auf, beispielsweise in Form eines Zwischenraums zwischen einem Rand eines Umlenkblechs und dem Gehäuse an einer Umfangsstelle. Möglich ist aber beispielsweise auch eine oder sind mehrere Öffnungen innerhalb des Umlenkblechs. Durchlässe benachbarter Umlenkbleche befinden sich an verschiedenen Stellen, vorzugsweise abwechselnd an einander gegenüberliegenden Umfangsstellen. Auf diese Weise wird das Fluid durch das Gehäuse zwischen den Umlenkblechen in einem Querstrom zum Rohrbündel und damit quer zwischen den Rohren des Rohrbündels hindurch geleitet. Zusätzlich zur Querströmung kann das Fluid zwischen den Umlenkblechen auch in Längsrichtung des Rohrbündels strömen. Durch die Querströmung zwischen den Umlenkblechen wird eine Kontaktstrecke des das Gehäuse durchströmenden Fluids mit dem Rohrbündel verlängert und eine Wärmeübertragung verbessert. Auch wenn sie als "Bleche" bezeichnet werden müssen die Umlenkbleche nicht aus Metall bestehen sondern sind allgemein als Umlenkeinrichtungen zu verstehen, die eine Querströmung zwischen den Rohren hindurch zusätzlich zur Längsströmung entlang der Rohre bewirken.An embodiment of the invention provides that the tube bundle heat exchanger has deflecting plates, which are arranged in the housing and penetrated by the tubes of the tube bundle. The baffles have passages for the fluid flowing through the housing, for example in the form of a gap between an edge of a baffle and the housing at a peripheral location. But it is also possible, for example, one or more openings within the baffle. Passages adjacent baffles are located at different locations, preferably alternately at opposite circumferential locations. In this way, the fluid is passed through the housing between the baffles in a transverse flow to the tube bundle and thus transversely between the tubes of the tube bundle. additionally For cross-flow, the fluid between the baffles can also flow in the longitudinal direction of the tube bundle. Due to the cross flow between the baffles, a contact path of the fluid flowing through the housing is lengthened with the tube bundle and heat transfer is improved. Although they are referred to as "sheets" the baffles do not have to be made of metal but are generally to be understood as deflection means, which cause a transverse flow between the tubes in addition to the longitudinal flow along the tubes.

Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht einen Kompensator, d. h. Einrichtung zum Ausgleich unterschiedlicher Temperaturdehnungen des Gehäuses und des Rohrbündels vor. Der Kompensator kann beispielsweise eine oder mehrere Wellungen eines das Gehäuse bildenden Rohrs oder einer Muffe, die Teil des Gehäuses ist, sein. Der Kompensator kann also beispielsweise nach Art eines Wellrohrs ausgebildet sein. Andere Ausgestaltungen sind möglich. Erfindungsgemäß befindet sich der Kompensator außerhalb des Bereichs, in dem das feuchte, wärmeabgebende und ein korrosives Medium enthaltende bzw. das säurebildende Gas kondensiert, oder hat eine Oberflächentemperatur, die oberhalb der Kondensationstemperatur des säurebildenden Gases liegt, so dass auch der Kompensator keinen oder allenfalls geringer Korrosion ausgesetzt ist.An embodiment of the invention provides a compensator, i. H. Device for compensating for different thermal expansion of the housing and the tube bundle before. For example, the compensator may be one or more corrugations of a tube forming the housing or a sleeve forming part of the housing. The compensator can thus be designed, for example, in the manner of a corrugated tube. Other embodiments are possible. According to the invention, the compensator is outside the range in which condenses the moist, heat-emitting and a corrosive medium or the acid-forming gas, or has a surface temperature which is above the condensation temperature of the acid-forming gas, so that the compensator no or at most lower Is exposed to corrosion.

Auch das Gehäuse des erfindungsgemäßen Rohrbündelwärmeübertragers kann eine Trennstelle außerhalb des Kondensationsbereichs des feuchten, wärmeabgebenden und ein korrosives Medium enthaltenden bzw. säurebildenden Gas aufweisen, so dass nur ein kurzer Teil des Gehäuses Korrosion ausgesetzt ist, der getauscht werden kann.The housing of the tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention can also have a separation point outside the condensation region of the moist, heat-emitting and corrosive medium-containing or acid-forming gas, so that only a short part of the housing is exposed to corrosion, which can be exchanged.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur, die auf zwei Blätter verteilt ist, zeigt einen Achsschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Rohrbündelwärmeübertragers.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The single figure, which is distributed over two sheets, shows an axial section of a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention.

Der in der Zeichnung dargestellte, erfindungsgemäße Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager 1 weist ein Rohr als Gehäuse 2 auf, in dem ein Rohrbündel 3 angeordnet ist, dessen Rohre 4 achsparallel zum Gehäuse 2 verlaufen. Das Rohrbündel 3 weist einen Doppelflansch 5 auf, der eine Trennstelle 6 bildet, an der das Rohrbündel 3 in ein kurzes Rohrbündel 7 und ein langes Rohrbündel 8 trennbar ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das lange Rohrbündel 8 fünfmal so lang wie das kurze Rohrbündel 7, das Längenverhältnis der Rohrbündel 7, 8 kann bei Ausführungen der Erfindung variieren. Enden der Rohre 4 der Rohrbündel 7, 8 sind fluiddicht mit je einem Flansch 9, 10 verschweißt, wobei die beiden Flansche 9, 10 an ihrem Umfang zu dem Doppelflansch 5 verschweißt sind. Die Rohre 4 des kurzen und des langen Rohrbündels 7, 8, sind nicht miteinander verschweißt, sondern über die Flansche 9, 10 miteinander verbunden. Durch Auf- oder Abtrennen einer Schweißnaht der beiden Flansche 9, 10 des Doppelflansch 5 ist das Rohrbündel 3 in das kurze und das lange Rohrbündel 7, 8 trennbar. Andere Verbindungen der beiden Flansche 9, 10 als Schweißen, beispielsweise Verschrauben, sind möglich.The tube bundle heat exchanger 1 according to the invention shown in the drawing has a tube as a housing 2, in which a tube bundle 3 is arranged, the tubes 4 extend axially parallel to the housing 2. The tube bundle 3 has a double flange 5, which forms a separation point 6, at which the tube bundle 3 in a short tube bundle 7 and a long tube bundle 8 is separable. In the embodiment, the long tube bundle 8 is five times as long as the short tube bundle 7, the aspect ratio of the tube bundles 7, 8 may vary in embodiments of the invention. Ends of the tubes 4 of the tube bundles 7, 8 are fluid-tight, each welded to a flange 9, 10, wherein the two flanges 9, 10 are welded at its periphery to the double flange 5. The tubes 4 of the short and long tube bundle 7, 8, are not welded together, but connected to each other via the flanges 9, 10. By attaching or detaching a weld of the two flanges 9, 10 of the double flange 5, the tube bundle 3 in the short and the long tube bundle 7, 8 is separable. Other connections of the two flanges 9, 10 as welding, for example screwing, are possible.

An dem Doppelflansch 5 fernen Enden sind die Rohre 4 der Rohrbündel 7, 8 fluiddicht mit Endflanschen 11, 12 verschweißt. Auf einer dem Rohrbündel 7 abgewandten Seite weist der Endflansch 11 des kurzen Rohrbündels 7 einen konischen Stutzen als Fluideinlass 13 auf, in den die Rohre 4 münden. Am Endflansch 12 des langen Rohrbündels 8 münden dessen Rohre 4 in ein Ende des Gehäuses 2, das ein kurzes Rohrstück mit einem Flansch als Fluidauslass 14 des Rohrbündels 3 aufweist. Die Endflansche 11, 12 füllen einen Querschnitt des Gehäuses 2 aus, so dass kein Fluid zwischen den Endflanschen 11, 12 und dem Gehäuse 2 durchtritt.At the double flange 5 far ends, the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 7, 8 fluid-tight with end flanges 11, 12 are welded. On a side facing away from the tube bundle 7, the end flange 11 of the short tube bundle 7 has a conical neck as a fluid inlet 13 into which the tubes 4 open. At the end flange 12 of the long tube bundle 8, the tubes 4 open into one end of the housing 2, which has a short tube piece with a flange as the fluid outlet 14 of the tube bundle 3. The end flanges 11, 12 fill a cross-section of the housing 2, so that no fluid between the end flanges 11, 12 and the housing 2 passes.

In Abständen weist das Rohrbündel 3 Umlenkbleche 15 auf, die quer im Gehäuse 2 angeordnet sind und durch die die Rohre 4 des Rohrbündels 3 durchtreten. Die Umlenkbleche 15 weisen die Form von Kreissegmenten auf, die deutlich mehr als einen Halbkreis einnehmen, so dass ein ebenfalls kreissegmentförmiger Durchlass 16, der den Rest der Querschnittsfläche des Gehäuses 2 einnimmt, frei bleibt. Die Durchlässe 16 benachbarter Umlenkbleche 15 sind jeweils gegenüberliegend, so dass ein Fluidstrom durch das Gehäuse 2 schlangenlinienförmig gelenkt wird und zwischen zwei Umlenkblechen 15 stets zwischen den Rohren 4 des Rohrbündels 3 durchströmt. Der Doppelflansch 5 bildet ebenfalls ein solches Umlenkblech.At intervals, the tube bundle 3 deflecting plates 15, which are arranged transversely in the housing 2 and through which the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3 pass. The baffles 15 have the shape of circle segments, which occupy significantly more than a semicircle, so that a likewise circular segment-shaped passage 16, which occupies the rest of the cross-sectional area of the housing 2, free remains. The passages 16 of adjacent baffles 15 are each opposite, so that a fluid flow is directed through the housing 2 serpentine and between two baffles 15 always flows between the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3. The double flange 5 also forms such a baffle.

Das Gehäuse 2 weist an beiden Enden innerhalb der Endflansche 11, 12 des Rohrbündels 3 Anschlüsse als Fluideinlass 17 und Fluidauslass 18 auf, wobei die Fluideinlässe 13, 17 in das Rohrbündel 3 und in das Gehäuse 2 ebenso wie die Fluidauslässe 14, 18 aus dem Rohrbündel 3 und aus dem Gehäuse 2 sich jeweils an gegenüberliegenden Enden des Rohrbündelwärmeübertrages 1 befinden. Der Fluideinlass des wärmeaufnehmenden, kälteren Mediums, im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fluideinlass 13 in das Rohrbündel 3, und der Fluidauslass des wärmeabgebenden, wärmeren Mediums, im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fluidauslass 18 aus dem Gehäuse 2, d.h. jeweils die kälteren Seiten der den Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager 1 durchströmenden Medien, sind auf der Seite des kurzen Rohrbündels 7 vorgesehen. Der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager 1 wird also im Gegenstrom bzw. durch die Umlenkbleche 15, die eine schlangenlinienförmige Durchströmung des Gehäuses 2 erzwingen, in einem Kreuzgegenstrom betrieben.The housing 2 has at both ends within the end flanges 11, 12 of the tube bundle 3 connections as a fluid inlet 17 and fluid outlet 18, wherein the fluid inlets 13, 17 in the tube bundle 3 and in the housing 2 as well as the fluid outlets 14, 18 from the tube bundle 3 and from the housing 2 are each located at opposite ends of the tube bundle heat transfer 1. The fluid inlet of the heat-absorbing, colder medium, in the exemplary embodiment the fluid inlet 13 into the tube bundle 3, and the fluid outlet of the heat-emitting, warmer medium, in the embodiment of the fluid outlet 18 from the housing 2, i. in each case the colder sides of the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 flowing through the media, are provided on the side of the short tube bundle 7. The tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is thus operated in countercurrent or by the baffles 15, which force a serpentine flow through the housing 2, in a cross counterflow.

Im Bereich des Doppelflanschs 5 des Rohrbündels 3 weist das Gehäuse 2 eine Muffe 19 mit zwei umlaufenden Wellungen 20 vergleichbar einem Wellrohr als Kompensator 21, d. h. als Einrichtung zum Ausgleich unterschiedlicher Temperaturdehnungen des Gehäuses 2 und des Rohrbündels 3 auf. Das Gehäuse 2 ist dreiteilig, es weist ein kurzes Rohr 22 und ein langes Rohr 23 auf, die durch verschraubte Flansche 24 mit dem Kompensator 21 verbunden sind. Das kurze Rohr 22 beinhaltet im Wesentlichen das kurze Rohrbündel 7 und das lange Rohr 23 im Wesentlichen das lange Rohrbündel 8. Im Ausführungsbeispiel befindet sich ein größerer Teil einer Länge des Kompensators 21 im Bereich des langen Rohrbündels 8 und ein kürzerer Teil des Kompensators 21 im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels 7.In the area of the double flange 5 of the tube bundle 3, the housing 2 has a sleeve 19 with two circumferential corrugations 20 comparable to a corrugated tube as a compensator 21, ie as a means for compensating for different thermal expansion of the housing 2 and the tube bundle 3. The housing 2 is in three parts, it has a short tube 22 and a long tube 23 which are connected by screwed flanges 24 with the compensator 21. The short tube 22 essentially comprises the short tube bundle 7 and the long tube 23 substantially the long tube bundle 8. In the exemplary embodiment, a larger part of a length of the compensator 21 in the region of the long tube bundle 8 and a shorter part of the compensator 21 in the area of the short tube bundle 7.

Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 dient zum Vorwärmen und zur Rückgewinnung von Wärme aus Luft, die beispielsweise mit Fluorwasserstoff, Chlorwasserstoff, Bromwasserstoff und/oder Jodwasserstoff belastet ist. Allgemein dient der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 zum Vorwärmen und zur Wärmerückgewinnung eines feuchten Gases, das ein korrosives Medium enthält, wobei das korrosive Medium, beispielsweise eines der vorgenannten Gase, also ein säurebildendes Gas ist. Das säurebildende Gas wirkt erst nach Kondensation durch Säurebildung korrosiv, also wenn das säurebildende Gas seinen Kondensationspunkt unterschreitet. Grundsätzlich können auch zwei verschiedene Fluide durch das Rohrbündel 3 und durch das Gehäuse 2 geleitet werden, von denen zumindest eines ein feuchtes Gas ist, das ein korrosives Medium, insbesondere ein säurebildendes Gas enthält. Solcher Art belastete Luft stammt beispielsweise aus Isolierschaum von Kühlschränken und entsteht bei deren Entsorgung und Oxidation/Verbrennung. Ein anderes belastetes Fluid ist beispielsweise Kältemittel. Das feuchte und ein korrosives Medium enthaltende Gas bzw. ein Gasgemisch, das ein säurebildendes Gas enthält, wird vorzugsweise durch das Gehäuse 2 geleitet, damit eventuelle Korrosionsausblühungen außen an den Rohren 4 des Rohrbündels 3 entstehen und die Rohre 4 nicht zusetzen.The tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is used for preheating and for the recovery of heat from air, which is loaded, for example, with hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and / or hydrogen iodide. In general, the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is used for preheating and heat recovery of a moist gas containing a corrosive medium, wherein the corrosive medium, for example one of the aforementioned gases, that is an acid-forming gas. The acid-forming gas has a corrosive effect only after condensation by acid formation, ie when the acid-forming gas is below its condensation point. In principle, two different fluids can also be passed through the tube bundle 3 and through the housing 2, of which at least one is a moist gas containing a corrosive medium, in particular an acid-forming gas. For example, such polluted air comes from insulating foam of refrigerators and arises in their disposal and oxidation / combustion. Another charged fluid is, for example, refrigerant. The moist and a corrosive medium-containing gas or a gas mixture containing an acid-forming gas is preferably passed through the housing 2 so that any corrosion efflorescence outside of the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3 arise and the tubes 4 not enforce.

Das feuchte, ein korrosives Medium enthaltende Gas bzw. das Gas, das das säurebildende Gas enthält, wird als wärmeabgebendes Medium warm mit einer Temperatur von über 370° Celsius, beispielsweise etwa 500° Celsius durch den Fluideinlass 17 am Ende des langen Rohrbündels 8 in das Gehäuse 2 geleitet, durchströmt das Gehäuse 2 schlangenlinienförmig in Längsrichtung, wobei es zwischen jedem Umlenkblech 15 zwischen den Rohren 4 des Rohrbündels 3 durchströmt und tritt durch den Fluidauslass 18 am anderen Ende des Gehäuses 2 mit einer Temperatur von beispielsweise 70° Celsius aus. Der Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 ist so ausgelegt, d. h. das kurze Rohrbündel 7 ist so lang, dass das feuchte Gas seinen Taupunkt bzw. im Fall eines säurebildenden Gas dieses seinen Kondensationspunkt erst nach Passieren des Doppelflanschs 5, also im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels 7 unterschreitet. Korrosion tritt deswegen ausschließlich oder jedenfalls im Wesentlichen nur im Bereich des kurzen Rohrbündels 7 auf. Im Bereich des langen Rohrbündels 8 und des Doppelflansch 5, der die Trennstelle 6 des Rohrbündels 3 bildet, kondensiert das säurebildende Gas nicht und die relative Feuchtigkeit beträgt unter 100% und bleibt im Gas, das auch als Transportfluid aufgefasst werden kann, gelöst, so dass hier keine oder allenfalls geringe Korrosion zu besorgen ist. Ein Längenverhältnis des kurzen Rohrbündels 7 zum langen Rohrbündel 8 beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel 1:5 und ist abhängig von dem oder den den Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 durchströmenden Fluiden und deren Temperaturen an den Fluideinlässen 13, 17 und Fluidauslässen 14, 18 bzw. von den Rohrbündelwärmetauscher 1 durchströmenden Fluidmengen und deren Temperaturen an den Fluideinlässen 13, 17. Der Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager 1 ist länger als gezeichnet, auf Blatt 2/2 fehlt ein Teil des langen Rohrbündels 8 und des langen Rohrs 23 des Gehäuses, damit die Zeichnung auf das Blatt passt.The moist gas containing a corrosive medium or the gas containing the acid-forming gas is heated as a heat-emitting medium at a temperature of about 370 ° C, for example about 500 ° C through the fluid inlet 17 at the end of the long tube bundle 8 in the Housing 2 passed, the housing 2 flows through serpentine in the longitudinal direction, wherein it flows between each deflector 15 between the tubes 4 of the tube bundle 3 and exits through the fluid outlet 18 at the other end of the housing 2 with a temperature of, for example, 70 ° Celsius. The tube bundle heat exchanger 1 is designed so that the short tube bundle 7 is so long that the wet gas its dew point or in the case of an acid-forming gas this condensation point only after passing through the double flange 5, ie in the region of the short tube bundle 7. Corrosion therefore occurs exclusively or at least essentially only in the region of the short tube bundle 7 on. In the region of the long tube bundle 8 and the double flange 5, which forms the separation point 6 of the tube bundle 3, the acid-forming gas does not condense and the relative humidity is below 100% and remains dissolved in the gas, which can also be understood as a transport fluid, so that Here, no or at best little corrosion is to get. An aspect ratio of the short tube bundle 7 to the long tube bundle 8 is in the embodiment 1: 5 and is dependent on the or the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 flowing fluids and their temperatures at the fluid inlets 13, 17 and fluid outlets 14, 18 or by the tube bundle heat exchanger 1 flowing fluid quantities and their temperatures at the fluid inlets 13, 17. The shell and tube heat exchanger 1 is longer than drawn on sheet 2/2 missing a part of the long tube bundle 8 and the long tube 23 of the housing so that the drawing fits on the sheet.

Das kurze Rohrbündel 7 besteht aus einem korrosionsfesten Stahl oder jedenfalls aus korrosionsfesterem Stahl als das lange Rohrbündel 8 und kann zudem durch Trennen an der Trennstelle 6 nach Öffnen des Gehäuses 2 an einem der Flansche 24 verhältnismäßig einfach als Opferteil ausgewechselt werden. Als Alternative kann das kurze Rohrbündel 7 aus einem korrodierenden Material oder aus einem Material vergleichbarer Korrosionsfestigkeit bestehen wie das lange Rohrbündel 8 und entsprechend oft getauscht werden. Das lange Rohrbündel 8 besteht aus einem weniger korrosionsfesten und günstigerem und/temperaturbeständigerem Stahl. Korrosionsfestigkeit bezieht sich auf das oder die korrosiven Medien in dem oder den feuchten, den Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager 1 durchströmenden Gasen. Das kurze und das lange Rohr 22, 23 des Gehäuses 2 können aus denselben Stählen wie das kurze und das lange Rohrbündel 7, 8 bestehen.The short tube bundle 7 consists of a corrosion-resistant steel or at least of more corrosion-resistant steel than the long tube bundle 8 and can also be replaced by separating at the separation point 6 after opening the housing 2 on one of the flanges 24 relatively easy as a sacrificial part. Alternatively, the short tube bundle 7 may consist of a corrosive material or of a material of comparable corrosion resistance as the long tube bundle 8 and be replaced as often. The long tube bundle 8 consists of a less corrosion-resistant and cheaper and / temperature-resistant steel. Corrosion resistance refers to the or the corrosive media in the humid or the gases flowing through the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 1. The short and long tubes 22, 23 of the housing 2 may be made of the same steels as the short and long tube bundles 7, 8.

Claims (10)

  1. Shell and tube heat exchanger, comprising a housing (2) through which a fluid flows during operation, and comprising a tube bundle (3) which is arranged in the housing (2) and through which a fluid flows during operation, the tube bundle (3) having a separation point (6) at which it can be separated into a short tube bundle (7) and a long tube bundle (8), and the separation point (6) having a double flange (5) having two flanges (9, 10) connected in a fluid-tight manner, characterised in that tubes (4) of each tube bundle (7, 8) are connected to one flange (9, 10) in a fluid-tight manner.
  2. Shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the tube bundle (3) can be separated in a length ratio of approximately 1:5.
  3. Shell and tube heat exchanger according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the housing (2) has a tube in which the tube bundle (3) is arranged.
  4. Shell and tube heat exchanger according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the short tube bundle (7) consists of a more corrosion-resistant material than the long tube bundle (8).
  5. Shell and tube heat exchanger according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shell and tube heat exchanger (1) has baffles (15) through or around which said fluid may flow at one point, said fluid not flowing through or around adjacent baffles (15) at the same points such that fluid flowing through the housing (2) is guided between the baffles (15) in a transverse flow between tubes (4) of the tube bundle (3).
  6. Shell and tube heat exchanger according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shell and tube heat exchanger (1) has a compensator (21) for compensating for different temperature expansions of the housing (2) and of the tube bundle (3).
  7. Method for operating a shell and tube heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a wet gas flows as a heat-emitting fluid in one direction through the shell and tube heat exchanger (1) and cools in the process such that moisture condenses, and in that the long tube bundle (8) including the separation point (6) is located outside of a condensation region of the wet gas.
  8. Method for operating a shell and tube heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a wet gas mixture that contains an acid-forming gas flows as a heat-emitting fluid in one direction through the shell and tube heat exchanger (1) and cools in the process such that the acid-forming gas condenses, and in that the long tube bundle (8) including the separation point (6) is located outside of a condensation region of the acid-forming gas.
  9. Method according to either claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that the wet, heat-emitting gas flows through the housing (2).
  10. Method according to claim 7, characterised in that the shell and tube heat exchanger (1) has a compensator (21) for compensating for different temperature expansions of the housing (2) and of the tube bundle (3), and in that the compensator (21) is located outside of the condensation region of the moist, heat-emitting gas.
EP14187930.4A 2014-10-07 2014-10-07 Tube bundle heat exchanger Active EP3006887B1 (en)

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EP14187930.4A EP3006887B1 (en) 2014-10-07 2014-10-07 Tube bundle heat exchanger

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EP14187930.4A EP3006887B1 (en) 2014-10-07 2014-10-07 Tube bundle heat exchanger

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EP3006887A1 EP3006887A1 (en) 2016-04-13
EP3006887B1 true EP3006887B1 (en) 2019-07-10

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113617041B (en) * 2021-07-21 2022-11-29 邳州市鑫盛创业投资有限公司 Reboiler for alcohol processing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2256778A1 (en) * 1974-01-03 1975-08-01 Sun Ventures Inc Elimination of tubular hot-spots in heat exchange reactors - by dividing outer casing into individually temp.-controlled compartments
DE3344500A1 (en) 1983-12-09 1985-06-20 Weckenmann, Jürgen, 6800 Mannheim Shell-and-tube heat exchanger in a segmented design
DE20318321U1 (en) * 2003-11-06 2004-03-04 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Exhaust gas heat exchanger for motor vehicle internal combustion engine has low and high temperature branches with individual heat exchangers
KR100798701B1 (en) * 2007-05-29 2008-01-28 서동숭 A assembling-type hydraulic-oil cooler
FR2963091B1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-08-17 Univ Savoie FLUID CIRCULATION MODULE
NO339892B1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2017-02-13 Aker Solutions As Seabed heat exchanger and cleaning tools

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Title
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