EP3003587A1 - Facility and procedure for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products - Google Patents

Facility and procedure for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products

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Publication number
EP3003587A1
EP3003587A1 EP13752662.0A EP13752662A EP3003587A1 EP 3003587 A1 EP3003587 A1 EP 3003587A1 EP 13752662 A EP13752662 A EP 13752662A EP 3003587 A1 EP3003587 A1 EP 3003587A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
solidificate
waste
treatment
quality
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP13752662.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Milli Spanovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP18208147.1A priority Critical patent/EP3513885B1/en
Publication of EP3003587A1 publication Critical patent/EP3003587A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/021—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/008—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for liquid waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • This invention falls into the following areas:
  • E04 B (C03, C04), E04 C; E04 D; E04 F; B29 G, and: G21 F and G21 K.
  • Such procedures reduce the harmfulness of material for at least one MAC (maximum allowable concentration) level. Also, the material is transformed into a dry, powdery solidificate with more favourable chemical and physical characteristics.
  • CaC0 3 MgO.
  • Ca(OH) 2 + CaO is typically a good and cost-effective way to achieve solidification. Some sorts of waste require only CaO, while others need only Ca(OH) 2 . We select reactants by analysing the waste.
  • solidificate treated with less calcium oxide contains high levels of moisture, which decreases its quality and further industrial use.
  • Cost is often the reason why waste is not treated this way, but instead by using other methods that do not meet basic ecological criteria.
  • Solidification transformation of liquid, oily and muddy materials into powder
  • solidification is a simpler and cheaper procedure, many opt for incineration because such waste contains certain amounts of energy, which improves cost-effectiveness of incineration.
  • New regulations and European directives do not support incineration of such waste because of uncontrolled air pollution (dioxins, furans, hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds, etc.)
  • Other procedures that need other additives are no longer in frequent use because of their price and large quantities of solidificate coming from the process.
  • Illustration 1 Layout of the facility
  • Illustration 2 Blueprint of the facility
  • Illustration 3 Regenerator for obtaining calcium oxide and ash from solidificate Drawings are marked as follows:
  • This invention focuses on communal or industrial waste.
  • waste usually contains chemical compounds with carbon, different compounds with hard metals, alkyl compounds, alkaline and / or acidic content as well as numerous nitrogen, chlorine and other compounds.
  • Waste undergoes preparation to become a material of equal granulation (0-20 mm).
  • Useful components are being recycled (metal, glass, plastic, paper) and the rest is chopped up and crushed to become a material awaiting treatment.
  • Air pump is installed in the pipeline and placed in front of Injector, Air pump blows in the warm air and that is how the warm air comes into direct contact with incoming waste.
  • Ozone circulates in 1-2 g/s and decomposes organic contents.
  • Organic contents break down, molecular and physical water separate, physical characteristics (colour, granulation) change. This contributes to better molecular dissociation in Second reactor's line.
  • Dissociation device conducts the initial ion separation from molecule's atoms into anions (especially OH ) and cations (especially H + ). This is followed by ionic dissociation of hard metals and carbon portion of organic fraction. This depends on the surrounding available energy and negative electric potential of ions in dissociated parts.
  • Electromagnet is placed underneath the reactor's line and it creates a magnetic field. Electromagnet has a rounded shape as it follows the curvature of reactor's external surface. (Author has a registered Patent pertaining to this: HR/P20080004) g) Device for chopping up particles (9)
  • Device for chopping up particles is placed between the first and second reactors' lines. It serves as a so-called micronizer as it chops up the particles.
  • Parallel oxide encapsulators (12) are inside the second reactor's line (11). Particles need to be chopped up to less than 10 ⁇ m .
  • Encapsulated performs the function of pozzolamic impact on atoms coming from dissociated molecules under the conditions of vacuum space.
  • Vacuum space is located inside the whirlwind surrounded by steam and gases. This is followed by encapsulation of cations (especially heavy metals and non-carbons of the organic fraction) which depends on available surrounding energy.
  • Filtration system for cleansing of gas, steam and particles consists of:
  • Scrubber is a device for chemical treatment of gaseous content. Sediment containing mostly hydroxide is taken out, shaped as mud, and returned back into the process.
  • Increased temperature of the filter is added to the Heat exchange system as a part of total accumulated heat energy needed for treatment.
  • Gasses exiting scrubber consist of water steam, C0 2 and N 2 .
  • Mud in the baggy filter and scrubber contain sulphate salts and together with mud from water filter, they are reintroduced to the process.
  • Increased temperature inside scrubber is added to the Heat exchange system as a part of total accumulated heat energy needed for treatment.
  • a small ozone exposure (1 g/s) is sufficient for waste with high portion of organic compounds. Transformation, oxidation, physical and chemical decomposition of organic compounds happens quickly regardless of temperature differences.
  • Final product is defined on output transporters (24, 25).
  • One transporter is for basic treatment without additional changes to the final product.
  • Second output is designed for additional integration, including special additives, depending on product's further use.
  • Product (E) leaving the facility after basic treatment is a so-called Neutral product. It has standard qualities expected from solidificate (according to Patent HR/P20100575 A2 by same Author).
  • Adjusted final product can be the one intended for production of silicate granulates (Patent P20100300, same Author) or gascement (Patent HR/P20100325, same Author).
  • Solidificate as the final product of basic treatment, is taken by transporter (35) into Regenerator's rotary kiln (36).
  • Transporter (35) into Regenerator's rotary kiln (36).
  • burner (37) to break down solidificate.
  • Heat exchanger (39) to distribute heat for further use,
  • Solidificate to be transformed into calcium oxide has the following content:
  • So-called Calciner is a device for regeneration of solidificate. We use it to obtain calcium oxide as follows: transporter (35) takes solidificate to be roasted and then decomposed in regenerator's rotary kiln (36).
  • Ash (41) collects in cyclone, while Heat exchanger (39) distributes hot air (VI). Some of hot air goes into burner to increase the use of heat energy. Function of ozone is shown by describing its influence on organic contents in waste. Here are the most common chemical reactions:
  • Ozone breaks down organic carbon in amount of 0.55 g/s. If material has ⁇ 50% of organic content, ozone will penetrate the organic content in amount of 3 kg/h. Ozone will get through the organic content in amount of 0.55 g/s (ozone 0.02%) when the treatment capacity is 1.5 kg/s (5.4 t/h). The remaining ozone quickly transforms into O 2 This procedure lowers the amount of calcium oxide needed for treatment.
  • Material awaiting treatment (communal and / or industrial waste) is chopped up to equal granulation and analysed.
  • This total energy in MJ/kg is compared to energy needed to transform waste into a dry solidificate.
  • Level of moisture in solidificate has to be ⁇ 10%.
  • Temperature in reactors' lines has to be 100-125 °C.
  • Temperature of output material has to be 75-85 °C. Losses pertain to energy taken within the process (endothermic reactions) and heat lost through facility's openings and surface.
  • Quality of the final product determines the speed of the process. Calculation of energy balance tells us about needed treatment capacity. If we do not need solidificate as the final product, then the energy shortage can be solved by using heat released during its regeneration, temperatures of hot air being ⁇ 600 °C.
  • Temperature of input waste can be 10-15% lower than temperature of gases and steam exiting reactors' lines. This depends on insulation of heat exchangers as well as length of the pipeline.
  • Treatment is cost-effective because we harmonise all energy values in different phases of the process and utilise energy obtained through that same process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

Facility for safe treatment of liquid and solid waste from communal and industrial waste dumps. The final product is fitting for further use in several ways: - As solidificate suitable for transportation - As solidificate suitable for transformation into silicate conglomerate or gascement - As solidificate used for obtaining calcium oxide and ash Overall energy required for successful treatment is increased with additional energy from two sources: - Recirculation of hot steam and gases in heat exchangers - Solar panel This way we need less additives based on calcium to obtain high quality product while keeping the process cost-effective.

Description

FACILITY AND PROCEDURE FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE
WITH CHOICE OF QUALITY OF OUTPUT PRODUCTS
Field of the Invention
Facility and construction of device that define technical and technological solution for complete ecological and energy management of communal and industrial waste with emphasis on physical and chemical treatment using solidification and reactant based on calcium.
This invention falls into the following areas:
B01 B; B01 D; BOS B; B04 B; B07 B, F26 B; F28 F, and also:
E04 B (C03, C04), E04 C; E04 D; E04 F; B29 G, and: G21 F and G21 K.
DESCRIPTION
Background of the Invention
Treatment of waste with solidification and additives based on calcium is a known and successful procedure. It achieves its ecological goals regarding conditioning as well as physical and chemical treatment of communal and industrial waste.
Such procedures reduce the harmfulness of material for at least one MAC (maximum allowable concentration) level. Also, the material is transformed into a dry, powdery solidificate with more favourable chemical and physical characteristics.
Often, the way to conduct solidification is with reactants based on calcium: Ca(OH)2, CaO,
CaC03. MgO. Ca(OH)2 + CaO is typically a good and cost-effective way to achieve solidification. Some sorts of waste require only CaO, while others need only Ca(OH)2. We select reactants by analysing the waste.
We do not use these procedures when it comes to high levels of hard metals (lead Pb; chromium Cr; zinc Zn; cadmium Cd) and high levels of TOC (total organic carbon). Soluble substances in water still present a risk to a successful outcome, while nitrogen compounds stay barely within accepted levels.
Also, solidificate treated with less calcium oxide contains high levels of moisture, which decreases its quality and further industrial use.
These shortcomings are based on:
a) Incomplete dissociation in reactor's unit. This occurs at the start of exothermic
reaction created by hydration of calcium oxide. The exothermic reaction is not completed because it requires more time.
b) Accumulation of solidificate (in container or a silo). Solidificate is not sufficiently
treated; it is sticky and it hardens with time, which makes its removal from container difficult.
c) Today's facilities are usually unable to incorporate more options regarding quality of output product.
d) Cost is often the reason why waste is not treated this way, but instead by using other methods that do not meet basic ecological criteria.
Upon treatment we face the problem of storage or further use of big quantities of solidificate. It is difficult to find companies interested in its use. And, although chemical analysis is satisfactory, it is very expensive to dispose of solidificate at the communal waste dump. It is important to reduce the amount of additives since they are the most costly part of treatment. This invention addresses described shortcomings and makes the procedure more cost-effective. We can select the type of solidificate best suited for intended further use or chose a procedure where solidificate is not a final output product, but instead we get a minimal amount of ash.
Solidification (transformation of liquid, oily and muddy materials into powder) is the most common treatment of materials when it comes to ecological conditioning of dangerous industrial and / or communal waste. Today, dangerous waste with high content of hydrocarbon is frequently treated by solidification or incineration. Although solidification is a simpler and cheaper procedure, many opt for incineration because such waste contains certain amounts of energy, which improves cost-effectiveness of incineration. New regulations and European directives do not support incineration of such waste because of uncontrolled air pollution (dioxins, furans, hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds, etc.) Other procedures that need other additives (olein and stearin acids, hard acids, fatty acids) are no longer in frequent use because of their price and large quantities of solidificate coming from the process.
It is not well-known whether any of the following is being utilised as described:
a) Heat energy from the process is reintroduced back into the same process to gain total energy required for treatment of waste
b) Recirculation system where the solidificate with increased heat energy, attained at the end of the first phase of the process, is brought back into the process to raise the overall energy needed to obtain the final product - a high quality solidificate c) Solar energy is utilised within the overall heat energy balance required for treatment of waste
d) Option to chose the quality of the final product as well as define the shape of the final solidificate, depending on its further industrial use (wider choice concerning the wanted transformations)
e) Attained solidificate is regenerated by a thermic and chemical procedure and
transformed back into calcium oxide. This continues the treatment without additional calcium oxide.
FIGURES
Brief description of the drawings
Invention is illustrated as follows:
Illustration 1 : Layout of the facility
Illustration 2: Blueprint of the facility
Illustration 3: Regenerator for obtaining calcium oxide and ash from solidificate Drawings are marked as follows:
A. Entry point for waste
B. Entry point for additives (Ca(OH)2)
C. Entry point for additives CaO
D. Entry point for additives (filter sediments)
E. Exit point for neutralised product
1. Waste Transporter
2. Heat Injector
2a. Ultrasound Device for homogenisation
3. Ozone Generator
4. Motor for first reactor's line
5. First reactor's line
6. Parallel dissociation devices with magnetic field
6a. Device for creation of magnetic field
7. Heat output for first reactor's line
8. Motor for second reactor's line
9. Device for chopping up particles
10. Triple rotating device for chopping
11. Second reactor's line
12. Parallel oxide encapsulators
3. Motor for third reactor's line
14. Heat output for second reactor's line
5. Third reactor's line
16. Parallel reduction encapsulators
17. Motor for fourth reactor's line
18. Heat output for third reactor's line
19. Fourth reactor's line
20. Parallel redox encapsulators
21. Heat output for fourth reactor's line
22. Integral system for physical and chemical definition of output product
23. Motor for output conveyor
24. Output point for product transportation (final material or material to be reintroduced to the process)
25. Output conveyor for final product
26. Heat collection system for all reactors' units
27. Tower with exchange and distribution of heat
28. Accumulation directing device for heat 29. Insulated pipeline for heat placed towards incoming waste
30. Solar panel for absorption of the sun's energy (heat)
31. Output point for steam and gas
32. Filtration system for cleansing of gas, steam and particles (Scrubber)
33. Facility, vertical construction
34. Facility, horizontal construction
a, b, c, d. Pipeline for heat placed towards heat collection system for all reactors' units
35. Transporter for solidificate
36. Regenerator's rotary kiln
37. Burner chamber
38. Cyclone
39. Regenerator's Heat exchanger
40. Motor for rotary kiln
41. Ash collector
I. Point of entry of solidificate into regenerator
II. Entry point of hot air from cyclone
III. Entry point for fuel
IV. Entry point for fresh air
V. Exit point for calcium oxide
VI. Exit point for hot air
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention focuses on communal or industrial waste. Such waste usually contains chemical compounds with carbon, different compounds with hard metals, alkyl compounds, alkaline and / or acidic content as well as numerous nitrogen, chlorine and other compounds. Waste undergoes preparation to become a material of equal granulation (0-20 mm).
Concerning chemical content, a special attention is given to contents based on chlorine, ammonia, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Useful components are being recycled (metal, glass, plastic, paper) and the rest is chopped up and crushed to become a material awaiting treatment.
Best way to describe this invention is by explaining the functions of specific parts: a) Tower with exchange and distribution of heat (27)
During the process, hot gases are created in all four reactors' lines. Exchange of heat in the tower happens as these hot gases move inside the tower's inner pipe. Clean air moves through the tower and absorbs the heat via convection from the hot pipe and so it cools down the gases. Accumulation directing device for heat (28) moves the clean air, now heated, towards the Heat Injector. b) Heat Injector (2)
Air pump is installed in the pipeline and placed in front of Injector, Air pump blows in the warm air and that is how the warm air comes into direct contact with incoming waste. c) Ozone Generator (3)
Ozone circulates in 1-2 g/s and decomposes organic contents. Organic contents break down, molecular and physical water separate, physical characteristics (colour, granulation) change. This contributes to better molecular dissociation in Second reactor's line. d) Ultrasound Device for homogenisation (2a)
We use the Ultrasound Device for homogenisation when it comes to liquid waste. We use the device to achieve the same density and the same physical and chemical characteristics throughout the liquid mixture. e) Parallel dissociation devices (6)
Dissociation device conducts the initial ion separation from molecule's atoms into anions (especially OH ) and cations (especially H+). This is followed by ionic dissociation of hard metals and carbon portion of organic fraction. This depends on the surrounding available energy and negative electric potential of ions in dissociated parts.
(Author pointed out this function with a Patent that is currently being examined, HR/P20120417A) f) Device for creation of magnetic field (6a)
An electromagnet is placed underneath the reactor's line and it creates a magnetic field. Electromagnet has a rounded shape as it follows the curvature of reactor's external surface. (Author has a registered Patent pertaining to this: HR/P20080004) g) Device for chopping up particles (9)
Device for chopping up particles is placed between the first and second reactors' lines. It serves as a so-called micronizer as it chops up the particles. Parallel oxide encapsulators (12) are inside the second reactor's line (11). Particles need to be chopped up to less than 10 μm . To achieve this, we use Triple rotating device for chopping (10) with different rotation speeds (from 200 to 300 °/min) h) Parallel pairs of encapsulators (12, 16, 20)
Encapsulated performs the function of pozzolamic impact on atoms coming from dissociated molecules under the conditions of vacuum space. Vacuum space is located inside the whirlwind surrounded by steam and gases. This is followed by encapsulation of cations (especially heavy metals and non-carbons of the organic fraction) which depends on available surrounding energy.
Same Author pointed this out in almost all of his Patent Applications, which are being processed: HR/P20090092A; HR/P20090425A; HR/P20100575A. The main differences in this Application are the redox encapsulators (20) that stabilise oxidized and reduced compounds. Otherwise, when it comes to large capacities of treatment, influence of oxidation is too great and so pH of the final product can be too high which ruins the analysis of leaching. i) Filtration system (32)
Filtration system for cleansing of gas, steam and particles consists of:
- Water Filter - where ammonia compounds, chlorine compounds and phosphorus compounds as well as C02 gas and particles are collected at the bottom of filter as salts and mud. Ventilator directs gases and water steam toward Scrubber. Scrubber is a device for chemical treatment of gaseous content. Sediment containing mostly hydroxide is taken out, shaped as mud, and returned back into the process.
Increased temperature of the filter is added to the Heat exchange system as a part of total accumulated heat energy needed for treatment.
- Scrubber uses acidic medium (usually 1-2% H2S04) to cleanse gasses and
steam, leaving not a trace of ammonia. Gasses exiting scrubber consist of water steam, C02 and N2. Mud in the baggy filter and scrubber contain sulphate salts and together with mud from water filter, they are reintroduced to the process. Increased temperature inside scrubber is added to the Heat exchange system as a part of total accumulated heat energy needed for treatment.
- Baggy filter collects particles on its semi-permeable, perforated membrane, while gases continue toward water filter and scrubber. Particles contain mainly calcium hydroxide and partially elements separated from waste mass. j) Solar panel for absorption of the sun's energy (heat) (30)
We use solar panel to add heat energy when treating mud with small or no inner caloric value (HHV, LHV). Heat energy obtained by the solar panel is transferred via convection into a heating system for input waste (A). This takes place before or after the Ozone generator (3) depending on the sort of treated waste.
A small ozone exposure (1 g/s) is sufficient for waste with high portion of organic compounds. Transformation, oxidation, physical and chemical decomposition of organic compounds happens quickly regardless of temperature differences.
But, industrial muddy material containing complex carbon compounds requires increased energy. Material's insufficient inner energy is recouped by heat energy obtained during treatment using Heat exchanger and including heat energy gained by Solar panel. k) Physical and chemical definition of final product (E)
Final product is defined on output transporters (24, 25). One transporter is for basic treatment without additional changes to the final product. Second output is designed for additional integration, including special additives, depending on product's further use.
Product (E) leaving the facility after basic treatment is a so-called Neutral product. It has standard qualities expected from solidificate (according to Patent HR/P20100575 A2 by same Author).
Adjusted final product can be the one intended for production of silicate granulates (Patent P20100300, same Author) or gascement (Patent HR/P20100325, same Author).
I) Regenerator's rotary kiln (36)
Solidificate, as the final product of basic treatment, is taken by transporter (35) into Regenerator's rotary kiln (36). We use a thermochemical procedure with burner (37) to break down solidificate. We use Heat exchanger (39) to distribute heat for further use,
Solidificate to be transformed into calcium oxide has the following content:
Ca(OH)2: 63 % → change into CaO: (56/74 · 0.63) = 47.7 %
CaC03: 24 % → (56/100 . 0.24 = 13.4 %
Ca(OH)2 + MgC03: 8.5 % → (56/74 . 0.085) -1 = 5.4 %
The Rest: 4.5 % → 0 %
This is a molecular and stoichiometric calculation and so the calculation is shown in parentheses.
By roasting such solidificate, we obtain calcium oxide in amount of≈ 66.5% as related to the amount of solidificate. Purity is CaO > 84%. Such calcium oxide is of sufficient quality for further continuous treatment of waste.
We roast solidificate in Regenerator's rotary kiln (36). We apply temperature needed for separation of water steam from calcium hydroxide (520-700 °C) as well as separation of secondary gaseous fractions from the remaining content. Calcium hydroxide is transformed into calcium oxide during this phase. After the separation of gaseous contents, hot powdery calcium oxide is transported by conveyor or pneumatic pipeline into silo for further use in continuous treatment of waste.
Gaseous content and steam go through a cyclone into the filtering unit to be cleansed. This leaves sedimentary ash, which along with temperature required for decomposition of calcium hydroxide, defines roasting process, not burning or incineration.
So-called Calciner is a device for regeneration of solidificate. We use it to obtain calcium oxide as follows: transporter (35) takes solidificate to be roasted and then decomposed in regenerator's rotary kiln (36).
Fuel combustion (gas, mazut, additives to fuel with fresh air) in Burner (37) raises the roasting temperature. And during the passage through rotary kiln, calcium oxide (V) is being released in amount with which calcium created calcium hydroxide as well as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Loss of calcium js relatively small and it does not go over 1 %.
Ash (41) collects in cyclone, while Heat exchanger (39) distributes hot air (VI). Some of hot air goes into burner to increase the use of heat energy. Function of ozone is shown by describing its influence on organic contents in waste. Here are the most common chemical reactions:
In reaction with nitrogen, chlorine and carbon:
NO + O3 → NO2 + O2
C + 2O3→ CO2 + 2Q2
NO2 + O3→ NO3 + O2
2NO2 + 2CΙO2 + 2O3→ 2NO2ClO + O2
2NH3 + 4O3→ NH4 NO3 + 4O2 + 2H2O
3SnCl2 + 6HCl3 + O3→ 3Sn C l 4 3H O
(NH2 )CO + N2 + O3 CO2 + 3H2O
CN + O3→ CNO + O2
In reaction with sulphur:
S + O3 + H2O→ H2SO4 3SO2+3H2O+O3→ 3H2SO4
H2S + O3 → S + O2 + H2O
PbS+ 403→ PbSO4 + 4O2 In reaction with metals, alkaline compounds and ammonia:
2Mn2+ + 203 + 4H20→ 2Mn(OH)2 + 202 + 4H O2 + O3→ KO3 + O2
2KOH +. 503→ 2 O3 + 502 + H2O
3Ca + 10NH3 + 6Ο3 → Ca 6 H3 + Ca(OH)2 + Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH4O3 + H2 + 202
Ozone breaks down organic carbon in amount of 0.55 g/s. If material has≤ 50% of organic content, ozone will penetrate the organic content in amount of 3 kg/h. Ozone will get through the organic content in amount of 0.55 g/s (ozone 0.02%) when the treatment capacity is 1.5 kg/s (5.4 t/h). The remaining ozone quickly transforms into O2 This procedure lowers the amount of calcium oxide needed for treatment.
EMBODIMENTS
Detailed description
Material awaiting treatment (communal and / or industrial waste) is chopped up to equal granulation and analysed. We calculate for possible chemical reactions during different phases of treatment. The most important data relates to the physical size of reaction (endothermic and exothermic reactions; increases of temperature, pressure and volume; strength of a chemical reaction (volatile, intense, slow or fast); release of gases (specifically chlorine, ammonia, C02 and phosphine); concentration of potentially explosive or combustible gaseous contents).
We consider inner caloric values of certain substances, release of energy needed for the process (enthalpy) as well as either deficiency or surplus of total required energy. We ascertain chemical contents of waste and physical portion of treatment to define transformations inside the reactors' lines. The most important process happens in the second reactor's line: contact with calcium oxide and exothermic increase of temperature, which develops with 1.18 MJ/kg CaO. Addition to CaO is calculated based on the energy balance, on the total required energy and on the level of moisture in material.
Besides the outside atmospheric conditions, these also take part in total available energy (process thermodynamics): a) Inner energy of input material
b) Energy of exothermic reaction, CaO
c) Specific enthalpy
d) Vacuum energy
e) Preservation of energy (losses)
f) Roasting of solidificate, heat energy
This total energy in MJ/kg is compared to energy needed to transform waste into a dry solidificate. Level of moisture in solidificate has to be <10%. Temperature in reactors' lines has to be 100-125 °C. And temperature of output material has to be 75-85 °C. Losses pertain to energy taken within the process (endothermic reactions) and heat lost through facility's openings and surface.
Energy balance tells us the minimal amount of CaO required for a successful process. This in turn tells us how much energy we can take from other sources to lower CaO content and still keep the process complete energy-wise.
Other sources for replaceable energy are: a) Preparation of material
- Ozone reaction and decomposition of organic substances (1-2 g/s for material with >25% of organic content)
- Mixture homogenisation using Ultrasound
- Magnetic ionisation to boost dissociation and increase energy of chemical reaction b) Energy gained through the process
- Attained solidificate now serves as additive to material (up to 30%)
- Recirculation of steam and gases using Heat exchanger
- Sun's energy (heat) using a Solar panel
- Good insulation for facility c) Speed of process (treatment capacity)
- We cannot slow down the process too much. Ammonia and chlorine steams have to stay encapsulated as dissociated ions or stabilised as salts, or they have to leave the reactor's space to avoid negative diffusion.
We cannot speed up the process too much. Processes and reactions will not be completed and we will lose quality. This can also prevent the desired transformation of the final product.
Quality of the final product determines the speed of the process. Calculation of energy balance tells us about needed treatment capacity. If we do not need solidificate as the final product, then the energy shortage can be solved by using heat released during its regeneration, temperatures of hot air being≈ 600 °C.
After we establish all parameters, process is continuous and mostly uninterrupted. We need to control temperatures in all reactors' lines as well as temperature of output product, and temperature of exiting gases and water steam.
Properly constructed counter stream heat exchange system will increase warming of waste. Temperature of input waste can be 10-15% lower than temperature of gases and steam exiting reactors' lines. This depends on insulation of heat exchangers as well as length of the pipeline.
In practice, optimal temperatures are:
- for gases and steam exiting reactors' lines approximately 90 °C
- for input waste approximately 75 °C
- around the injector of ozone on waste approximately 65 °C
By reintroducing the attained solidificate, whose temperature is about 75 °C, back into the process, we level the mixture's heat energy and stabilise the process without losing much energy.
Final solidificate exiting the process (E), besides being so-called Neutral, also has the heat required for following transformations:
- silicate conglomeration (HR/P20100300)
- gascement (HR/P20100325)
We need stabilisation, drying, evaporation and cooling only when it comes to Neutral of standard quality. Neutral is put into bags and transported to another location to be utilised (Patent Applications by same Author HR/P200100575A; HR/P20090092A).
Treatment is cost-effective because we harmonise all energy values in different phases of the process and utilise energy obtained through that same process.
We can illustrate this by using data that appears most often in practice. a) Average composition of waste (as mixture of communal and industrial mud)
b) Overall energy of the process
Process thermodynamics accept data regarding electronegativity (EN) as well as electrochemical potential (ECP) of molecules and compounds.
For reactant Ca2+: EN = 1, and ECP = -2.76.
Savings on reactant CaO are >25% and the quality of output product meets the
requirements for further transformation of solidificate.
Best results are achieved with 25% of CaO when treating the following sorts of waste:
- Mud from filters for waste waters:≈ 26%
- Industrial mud:≈ 19%
- Concentrated seeped waste waters at communal waste dumps (landfill leaching): ≈ 30%
Results concerning the quality of final product:
a) Standard solidificate (Neutral)
- TTT balance (time-temperature-transformation): 17.5 weight% CaO for treatment capacity of 7 m3/h.
- Dissociation and encapsulation reach severalfold increase
- Average temperature of output steam and gases: 92 °C
- Savings, difference in spent energy: 28.5%
b) Solidificate intended for silicate conglomeration
- TTT balance: 14.8 weight% CaO for treatment capacity of about 6.7 m3/h
- Dissociation and encapsulation are in anticipated amounts
- Average temperature of output steam and gases: 88 °C
- Savings, difference in spent energy: 22.5%
c) Solidificate intended for gascement
- TTT balance: 16.2 weight% CaO for treatment capacity of about 5.5 m3/h
- Dissociation and encapsulation are in anticipated amounts
- Average temperature of output steam and gases: 81 °C
- Savings, difference in spent energy: 29.5%
d) Regeneration of solidificate, where our goal is to obtain calcium oxide needed for further continuous treatment of waste. Final product is ash in amount of 3-7 weight%. Ash collects:
As sediment in water filter (≈ 2%)
As a powder in cyclone (≈ 2 %)
- In scrubber (≈ 2 %)
Overall, the total amount of ash is in cyclone since the sedimentary ashes in filters are returned back into the process.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. Facility for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products,
characterised by the fact, that communal or industrial waste (A) is taken by transporter (1), treated by heat injector (2), ultrasound device for homogenisation (2a) and ozone generator (3) as it undergoes physical and chemical process which includes parallel dissociation devices (6), device for creation of magnetic field (6a), parallel oxide encapsulators (12), parallel reduction encapsulators (16) and parallel redox encapsulators (20).
2. Facility for treatment of waste according to Claim 1 , characterised by the fact, that creation and preservation of heat is conducted by heat extractors from reactors' lines (7). (14), (18) and (21), as well as heat collection system for all reactors' units (26), tower with exchange and distribution of heat (27), accumulation directing device for heat (28) with insulated pipeline for heat placed towards incoming waste (29) and including solar panel for absorption of the sun's energy (30) and heat exchanger (39) of hot air from regenerator's rotary kiln (36) while the minimal amount of ash is collected in collector (41).
3. Process for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products,
characterised by the fact, that physical and chemical shaping of solidificate is done accordingly to solidificate's intended use, whether it is a solidificate-Neutral, solidificate for silicate conglomeration, solidificate for gascement or solidificate for obtaining calcium oxide with minimal amount of ash left in collector (41).
4. Process for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products,
characterised by the fact, that heat energy needed for successful dissociation, encapsulation and solidification is obtained by exothermic chemical reaction of calcium oxide, as well as with heat extractors from reactors' lines (7), (14), (21), heat f rom the sun (30) and regenerator's heat exchanger (39), which create heat energy needed for molecular distribution and pozzolamic reaction, which in turn create CaHSi primary agent for tightening of molecules into solid form of crystal adsorption.
5. Process for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products,
characterised by the fact, that heat energy is distributed by heat injector (2), heat collection system for all reactors' units (26), tower with exchange and distribution of heat (27) and accumulation directing device for heat (28), and so the process gains the necessary heat for high quality output product (E), meaning special sorts of solidificate: solidificate-Neutral, solidificate for silicate conglomeration, solidificate for gascement or solidificate for obtaining calcium oxide.
6. Process for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products,
characterised by the fact, that all chemical reactions happen faster and more completely with ultrasound device for homogenisation (2a) and ozone generator (3) that decomposes organic fraction, while the high level of mixture's ozonation is achieved by parallel dissociation devices with magnetic field (6), (6a), parallel oxide encapsulators (12), parallel reduction encapsulators (16) and parallel redox encapsulators (20) with which we help create chemical incorporation, sorption and inclusive precipitation.
EP13752662.0A 2013-06-07 2013-06-17 Facility and procedure for treatment of waste with choice of quality of output products Ceased EP3003587A1 (en)

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EA201592181A1 (en) 2016-07-29
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