EP2994995A2 - Drive battery for n-phase operation of an electric motor, drive system and a method for operating the drive system - Google Patents

Drive battery for n-phase operation of an electric motor, drive system and a method for operating the drive system

Info

Publication number
EP2994995A2
EP2994995A2 EP14723050.2A EP14723050A EP2994995A2 EP 2994995 A2 EP2994995 A2 EP 2994995A2 EP 14723050 A EP14723050 A EP 14723050A EP 2994995 A2 EP2994995 A2 EP 2994995A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
drive
electric motor
phase
string
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14723050.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Uwe Rauscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2994995A2 publication Critical patent/EP2994995A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
    • H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B60L2220/58—Structural details of electrical machines with more than three phases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive battery for the n-phase operation of an electric motor having at least 2 * n battery strings and a drive system and a method for operating the drive system.
  • Electromobility is playing an increasingly important role for current and future generations of automobiles. Electric drives come either completely as an alternative to the known internal combustion engine or as
  • DC link voltage ie the DC voltage, in the required n-phase, but usually converts 3-phase sinusoidal voltage.
  • the drive batteries of the prior art typically include a plurality of lithium-ion battery cells, which only in a very
  • lithium-ion battery cells may not be charged beyond a predetermined threshold or below a
  • monitoring circuits In order to be able to ensure that the battery cells are always operated in the operating points which can be derived from the abovementioned conditions, sensor technology in the form of monitoring circuits is often used in the drive batteries of the prior art. The voltage and temperature of each battery cell is detected by a monitoring circuit and forwarded the information about these quantities to a central unit. Often, means for active or passive balancing of the battery cells are provided in such monitoring circuits, via which the state of charge of the battery cells is equalized with each other. The monitoring circuits are typically along with the
  • DC link voltage which is a DC voltage of usually about 400 to 500 V, provided or directed into the inverter.
  • the inverter which is a so-called pulse inverter (PWR) converts the DC voltage into a mostly 3-phase
  • the pulse inverter generally operates with so-called insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are arranged in a B6 bridge configuration and thus also capable of generating negative voltages of the mostly three phases.
  • IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • DICO Direct Converter
  • the drive battery in the direct inverter concept into individual battery modules, for example, each divided into 12 battery cells, which can be switched on respectively to the drive battery or decoupled from the drive battery, so almost bridged in the manner of a bypass.
  • a further development of this "ALETO" concept is given with the so-called “Smart-CeH” concept
  • Coupling circuit usually in a half-bridge or full bridge configuration with each other and are connected to the respective battery cell.
  • the switching means of these coupling circuits must always be able to lead the entire phase current, which may currently exceed, for example, an amount of 480 amperes.
  • high currents are a heavy burden on the switching means of the coupling circuit, which must be taken into account in the prior art with a most costly design of the switching means of the coupling circuit.
  • a drive battery for the n-phase operation of an electric motor, which comprises at least 2 * n battery strings, each battery string having a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and wherein at least one battery cell per battery string controlling one of the respective battery cell coupling circuit to the respective battery stringgirschaltbar and of the respective
  • each battery string can be connected to one of 2 * n pole windings of an n-phase electric motor, where n 6 N + and n> 1.
  • n 6 N + and n> 1 According to the invention, of the at least 2 * n
  • Battery strings each two formed by driving the coupling circuits of their respective battery cells to an always phase-synchronous
  • two are each formed by the phase-synchronous switching-on or the phase-synchronous decoupling of their respective battery cells, which are always phase-synchronous
  • Battery strings are available so that the current per battery string in the Halved compared to the prior art or even further reduced.
  • the coupling circuits, or the switching means of the coupling circuits, which are used for the addition or decoupling of the battery cells greatly relieved.
  • the built-switching means can be dimensioned smaller from the outset, which has a positive effect on a possibly provided switching relief or positive effect on the avalanche resistance of the switching means.
  • each battery cell of the drive battery is preferably connectable to its respective battery string by driving a coupling circuit belonging to the respective battery cell and from its respective battery string
  • the AC voltage that can be generated by a battery string can be set more accurately.
  • At least one of the battery cells per battery string has a monitoring circuit which is in each case designed to monitor at least one state parameter of its respective battery cell. Further preferably, the monitoring circuit is adapted to one of
  • the at least one state parameter is the battery cell voltage and / or the temperature and / or the state of charge of the respective battery cell. This can ensure that the provided with monitoring circuits battery cells of the drive batteries always in the prescribed
  • the coupling circuits each have at least one
  • Switching means which is each designed to carry a maximum of a current which does not exceed a value of m / n amperes, where m € [300 A; 1000 A] and where n corresponds to the number of phases with which the electric motor connectable to the drive battery can be operated and where n 6 N + and n> 1.
  • m 480 A.
  • m 300 A.
  • m 1000 A.
  • the switching means can be realized particularly inexpensively.
  • Switching means designed as power semiconductors. Power semiconductors are relatively cheap and have a long service life. They can be operated with a high switching frequency and have only low losses.
  • the switching means are designed as MOSFETs. MOSFETs are inexpensive and very compact, that is, in a high integration density feasible. Furthermore, MOSFETs have fast switching time as well as stable amplification and response times.
  • the drive battery is a
  • the drive battery Lithium Ion Battery. Further preferably, the drive battery
  • lithium-ion batteries or lithium-ion battery cells are not subject to memory effect.
  • a drive system which comprises a drive battery according to the invention and an n-phase operable
  • Electric motor comprising at least as many terminals and with these electrically conductive connected pole windings, as the
  • Drive battery has battery strings.
  • a battery string of the drive battery according to the invention is electrically conductively connected via in each case one of the terminals of the electric motor with exactly one pole winding of the electric motor. Furthermore, the electric motor is connected through it
  • n that is the number of different phases of the
  • the drive battery of a drive system with a 3-phase electric motor preferably comprises at least six battery strings, two of which are operated in phase synchronization, so that the alternating voltages generated by two battery strings always have the same phase.
  • Such drive systems have a longer life than the drive systems of the prior art and are also
  • the n-phase operable electric motor 2 * n pole windings of which two are each adapted to an operation of the
  • Electric motor to be charged with a mutually phase-synchronous AC voltage and where n 6 N + and n> 1.
  • such an electric motor is adapted to be operated by a drive battery according to the invention in a drive system according to the invention.
  • a method for operating a drive system which comprises a drive system according to the invention.
  • the method comprises the following method step: driving the coupling circuits of
  • Coupling circuits of two of the 2 * n battery strings are controlled in phase.
  • Coupling circuits of the controllable battery cells of the 2 * n battery strings driven so that 2 * n AC voltages are generated, of which n have a different phase to each other, so each two battery strings generate a phase-synchronous AC voltage. In other words, in each case two battery strings are driven synchronously in the same way.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a drive system according to the invention with a drive battery according to the invention.
  • the drive battery 60 has in this exemplary embodiment, by way of example only, six battery strings 40, each battery string 40 having a multiplicity of battery cells 30 connected in series. In this embodiment, purely by way of example, all the battery cells 30 are each controllable
  • Coupling circuit 7, via which the battery cells 30 are each connected or interconnected with their respective battery strings 40, to their respective battery strings 40 are each connected or interconnected with their respective battery strings 40, to their respective battery strings 40.
  • the driveable to the addition or decoupling of the battery cells 30 are
  • Coupling circuits 7 executed in this embodiment as full bridges.
  • other drive batteries 60 or drive systems 70 to be designed, in which the coupling circuits 7 are designed, for example, as half-bridges or as entirely different circuits.
  • drive batteries 60 according to the invention can be realized, in which not all battery cells 30 can be decoupled from the battery strings 40 or connected to the battery strings 40. Of the multiplicity of battery cells 30, only two are shown in FIG. 1 per battery string 40, while a remaining number of battery cells 30 per battery string 40 is indicated by a respective dotted line.
  • Battery strings 40 of the drive battery 60 is one of in this Embodiment of the drive system 70 six pole windings of a 3-phase operable electric motor 50 electrically conductively connected. Of the six battery strings 40 are each two by controlling the
  • Coupling circuits 7 of their respective battery cells 30 designed to generate an always phase-synchronous AC voltage.
  • a total of six battery voltages 40 each assignable AC voltages can be generated, of which two are mutually phase synchronous.
  • each of the battery cells 30 has a monitoring circuit or a monitoring circuit is assigned to each battery cell 30 (not shown), which in this exemplary embodiment is designed in each case purely by way of example
  • Monitoring circuits can be realized, which are designed to monitor other state parameters than those mentioned above.
  • the coupling circuits 7 of the drive battery 60 which are designed purely by way of example as full bridges, each have four
  • Switching means 1 which are formed in this embodiment each purely by way of example to lead a maximum of a current which does not exceed a value of 480/3 amps, ie 160 A.
  • those installed in the coupling circuits 7 of the drive battery 60 are formed in this embodiment each purely by way of example to lead a maximum of a current which does not exceed a value of 480/3 amps, ie 160 A.
  • Switching means 1 each only designed to be traversed by a current which does not exceed a value of 160 A. If the current flowing through the switching means 1 of the coupling circuits 7 of the drive battery 60 exceeds this value, the switching means 1 of the coupling circuits 7 can be used
  • the switching means 1 are in this embodiment, purely by way of example as a power semiconductor, described in more detail, designed as MOSFETs.
  • coupling circuits 7 according to the invention may also be designed with switching means 1, which are not power semiconductors and not MOSFETs or other power semiconductor switches.
  • each individual one of the plurality of battery cells 30 can be connected via a respective coupling circuit 7 to one respective battery string 40 or can be decoupled from the respective battery string 40.
  • drive batteries 60 according to the invention in which a plurality of battery cells 30, for example entire battery modules, can be connected to a battery string 40 via a respective coupling circuit 7 or decoupled from this.
  • the drive system 70 described in this exemplary embodiment comprises, purely by way of example, the drive battery 60 described above, as well as one purely exemplary in this exemplary embodiment
  • Three-phase operable electric motor 50 which has the same number of terminals 51 and with these electrically conductive connected pole windings (not shown), as the drive battery 60 battery strings 40, ie in this
  • Embodiment purely exemplary six In each case one of the battery strings 40 of the drive battery 60 is in each case via one of the terminals 51 of the
  • Electric motor 50 electrically connected to exactly one pole winding of the electric motor 50.
  • the electric motor 50 is operable by the drive battery 60 connected to it. It can also according to the invention
  • Drive systems 70 can be realized, which other electric motors 50, for example, 2- or 4-phase operable electric motors 50 have.
  • Drive systems 60 provided drive batteries 60 then according to the invention each have at least twice as many battery strings 40, so at two-phase operable electric motors 50 at least four and at
  • 4- phase operable electric motors 50 at least eight battery strings 40 on. Of these battery strings 40 are then each two by the addition or decoupling of the battery strings 40 associated battery cells 30 phase synchronous, ie operated with the same phase.
  • the battery strings 40 are designed to generate alternating voltages which are phase-synchronous with one another.
  • the alternating voltages that can be generated by two battery strings 40 are each phase-synchronized with each other.
  • the three-phase operable electric motor 50 has exactly six pole windings, two of which are each designed to be acted upon by an operation of the electric motor 50 with a mutually phase-synchronous AC voltage.
  • the 3-phase operable electric motor 50 is configured so that it can be driven by the drive battery 60 according to the invention, which has six battery strings 40.

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Abstract

A drive battery (60) for n-phase operation of an electric motor (50) is provided, which comprises at least 2 * n battery strings (40), each battery string (40) having a plurality of series-connected battery cells (30), and it being possible for at least one battery cell (30) per battery string (40) to be coupled to the respective battery string (40) and decoupled from the respective battery string (40) by actuation of a coupling circuit (7) associated with the respective battery cell (30). Each battery string (40) can also be connected to one of 2 * n pole windings of an electric motor (50) that can be n-phase operated, where n Є N+ and n > 1. According to the invention, in each case two of the at least 2 * n battery strings (40) are designed to generate a constantly phase-synchronous alternating voltage by actuation of the coupling circuits (7) of the respective battery cells (30) thereof. A drive system (70) and a method for operating a drive system (70) are also provided.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Antriebsbatterie für den n-phasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors sowie ein Antriebssvstem und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Antriebssvstems  Drive battery for the n-phase operation of an electric motor and a Antriebssvstem and a method for operating the Antriebssvstems
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Antriebsbatterie für den n-phasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors, welche mindestens 2 * n Batteriestränge aufweist sowie ein Antriebssystem und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Antriebssystems. The present invention relates to a drive battery for the n-phase operation of an electric motor having at least 2 * n battery strings and a drive system and a method for operating the drive system.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Für aktuelle und zukünftige Automobilgenerationen spielt die Elektromobilität eine immer wichtiger werdende Rolle. Elektroantriebe kommen entweder komplett als Alternative zum bekannten Verbrennungsmotor oder als Electromobility is playing an increasingly important role for current and future generations of automobiles. Electric drives come either completely as an alternative to the known internal combustion engine or as
Unterstützung des Verbrennungsmotors in sogenannten Hybrid-Fahrzeugen zum Einsatz. Im Stand der Technik sieht das Konzept dieser Antriebe momentan eine Traktionsbatterie beziehungsweise eine Antriebsbatterie mit in Serie Support of the internal combustion engine in so-called hybrid vehicles used. In the prior art, the concept of these drives currently sees a traction battery or a drive battery in series
geschalteten Batteriezellen, einem entsprechenden Zwischenkreis mit einem Zwischenkreiskondensator und einem Inverter vor, der die connected battery cells, a corresponding intermediate circuit with a DC link capacitor and an inverter before, the
Zwischenkreisspannung, also die Gleichspannung, in die erforderliche n-Phasen-, meist jedoch 3-Phasen-Sinusspannung umwandelt. DC link voltage, ie the DC voltage, in the required n-phase, but usually converts 3-phase sinusoidal voltage.
Die Antriebsbatterien des Standes der Technik beinhalten typischerweise eine Vielzahl an Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen, welche nur in einem sehr The drive batteries of the prior art typically include a plurality of lithium-ion battery cells, which only in a very
eingeschränkten Temperatur- beziehungsweise Spannungsbereich betrieben werden dürfen. Ferner dürfen Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen nicht über eine vorbestimmte Schwelle hinaus geladen beziehungsweise unter eine restricted temperature or voltage range may be operated. Furthermore, lithium-ion battery cells may not be charged beyond a predetermined threshold or below a
vorbestimmte Schwelle entladen werden. Um sicherstellen zu können, dass die Batteriezellen stets in den aus den zuvor genannten Bedingungen ableitbaren Arbeitspunkten betrieben werden, kommt in den Antriebsbatterien des Standes der Technik oft Sensorik in Form von Überwachungsschaltungen zum Einsatz. Die Spannung und Temperatur einer jeden Batteriezelle wird dazu durch eine Überwachungsschaltung erfasst und die Information über diese Größen an eine zentrale Einheit weitergeleitet. Oft sind in derartigen Überwachungsschaltungen auch Mittel zum aktiven oder passiven Balancing der Batteriezellen vorgesehen, über welche der Ladezustand der Batteriezellen untereinander angeglichen wird. Die Überwachungsschaltungen sind typischerweise zusammen mit den be discharged predetermined threshold. In order to be able to ensure that the battery cells are always operated in the operating points which can be derived from the abovementioned conditions, sensor technology in the form of monitoring circuits is often used in the drive batteries of the prior art. The voltage and temperature of each battery cell is detected by a monitoring circuit and forwarded the information about these quantities to a central unit. Often, means for active or passive balancing of the battery cells are provided in such monitoring circuits, via which the state of charge of the battery cells is equalized with each other. The monitoring circuits are typically along with the
Batteriezellen verbaut. Von der Antriebsbatterie wird die sogenannte Battery cells installed. From the drive battery, the so-called
Zwischenkreisspannung, bei welcher es sich um eine Gleichspannung von meist ca. 400 bis 500 V handelt, bereitgestellt beziehungsweise in den Inverter geleitet.DC link voltage, which is a DC voltage of usually about 400 to 500 V, provided or directed into the inverter.
Der Inverter, bei welchem es sich um einen sogenannten Pulswechselrichter (PWR) handelt, wandelt die Gleichspannung in eine meist 3-phasige The inverter, which is a so-called pulse inverter (PWR) converts the DC voltage into a mostly 3-phase
Wechselspannung, welche direkt an die E-Maschine beziehungsweise den Elektromotor geleitet wird. Abhängig von der Frequenz, welche diese AC voltage, which is passed directly to the electric motor or the electric motor. Depending on the frequency, this one
Wechselspannung aufweist, dreht der Elektromotor und variiert die Has alternating voltage, the electric motor rotates and varies the
Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeuges. Der Pulswechselrichter arbeitet in der Regel mit sogenannten Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), welche in einer B6-Brückenkonfiguration angeordnet und somit auch zur Erzeugung negativer Spannungen der meist drei Phasen in der Lage sind.  Speed of the vehicle. The pulse inverter generally operates with so-called insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are arranged in a B6 bridge configuration and thus also capable of generating negative voltages of the mostly three phases.
Ein alternatives Konzept zu der zuvor beschriebenen Topologie ist das sogenannte„ALETO"-Konzept, welches wiederum zwei unterschiedliche An alternative concept to the topology described above is the so-called "ALETO" concept, which in turn is two different ones
Konfigurationen vorsieht, welche als Direktinverter- (DINV-) und Configurations provided as direct inverter (DINV) and
Direktkonverter-(DICO-) Konzepte bekannt sind. Beide diese Konzepte greifen in die bisherige, zuvor beschriebene Topologie der Antriebsbatterie ein. Direct Converter (DICO) concepts are known. Both of these concepts intervene in the previous, previously described topology of the drive battery.
Beispielsweise wird die Antriebsbatterie bei dem Direktinverter-Konzept in einzelne Batteriemodule, zum Beispiel zu jeweils 12 Batteriezellen aufgeteilt, welche jeweils zu der Antriebsbatterie hinzuschaltbar beziehungsweise von der Antriebsbatterie entkoppelbar, also quasi nach Art eines Bypasses überbrückbar ausgeführt sind. Eine Weiterentwicklung dieses„ALETO' -Konzeptes ist mit dem sogenannten„Smart-CeH"-Konzept gegeben. Hier werden nicht mehr  For example, the drive battery in the direct inverter concept into individual battery modules, for example, each divided into 12 battery cells, which can be switched on respectively to the drive battery or decoupled from the drive battery, so almost bridged in the manner of a bypass. A further development of this "ALETO" concept is given with the so-called "Smart-CeH" concept
Batteriemodule mit einer bestimmten Anzahl von in Reihe geschalteter Battery modules with a certain number of series connected
Batteriezellen von der Antriebsbatterie entkoppelbar beziehungsweise zu dieser hinzuschaltbar ausgeführt, sondern jede Batteriezelle wird separat geschaltet, ist also separat zu der Antriebsbatterie hinzuschaltbar beziehungsweise von dieser entkoppelbar, gleich wie die Batteriemodule bei dem„ALETO"-Prinzip. Die Hinzuschaltung beziehungsweise Entkopplung der einzelnen Batteriezellen erfolgt dabei, wie schon bei dem Batteriedirektinverter- beziehungsweise dem Batteriedirektkonverter-Prinzip, über Schaltmittel, welche in einer Battery cell of the drive battery decoupled or designed to be hinzuschaltbar, but each battery cell is switched separately, so it can be switched separately from the drive battery or decoupled from this, same as the battery modules in the "ALETO" principle. The Hinzuschaltung or decoupling of the individual battery cells is carried out, as in the Batteriedirektinverter- or the battery direct converter principle, via switching means, which in one
Koppelschaltung, meist in einer Halbbrücken- oder Vollbrückenkonfiguration miteinander und mit der jeweiligen Batteriezelle verschaltet sind. Die Schaltmittel dieser Koppelschaltungen müssen stets den gesamten Strangstrom, welcher derzeit beispielsweise einen Betrag von 480 Ampere übersteigen kann, zu führen in der Lage sein. Derart hohe Ströme stellen jedoch eine starke Belastung für die Schaltmittel der Koppelschaltung dar, welcher im Stand der Technik mit einer meist kostspieligen Auslegung der Schaltmittel der Koppelschaltung Rechnung getragen werden muss. Coupling circuit, usually in a half-bridge or full bridge configuration with each other and are connected to the respective battery cell. The switching means of these coupling circuits must always be able to lead the entire phase current, which may currently exceed, for example, an amount of 480 amperes. However, such high currents are a heavy burden on the switching means of the coupling circuit, which must be taken into account in the prior art with a most costly design of the switching means of the coupling circuit.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Antriebsbatterie für den n-phasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors zur Verfügung gestellt, welche mindestens 2 * n Batteriestränge umfasst, wobei jeder Batteriestrang eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriezellen aufweist und wobei je Batteriestrang mindestens eine Batteriezelle per Ansteuerung einer der jeweiligen Batteriezelle zugehörigen Koppelschaltung zu dem jeweiligen Batteriestrang hinzuschaltbar und von dem jeweiligen According to the invention, a drive battery is provided for the n-phase operation of an electric motor, which comprises at least 2 * n battery strings, each battery string having a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and wherein at least one battery cell per battery string controlling one of the respective battery cell coupling circuit to the respective battery string hinzuschaltbar and of the respective
Batteriestrang entkoppelbar ist. Ferner ist jeder Batteriestrang mit einer von 2 * n Polwicklungen eines n-phasig betreibbaren Elektromotors verbindbar, wobei n 6 N+ und n > 1 gilt. Erfindungsgemäß sind von den mindestens 2 * n Battery string is decoupled. Furthermore, each battery string can be connected to one of 2 * n pole windings of an n-phase electric motor, where n 6 N + and n> 1. According to the invention, of the at least 2 * n
Batteriesträngen jeweils zwei per Ansteuerung der Koppelschaltungen ihrer jeweiligen Batteriezellen dazu ausgebildet, eine stets phasensynchrone Battery strings each two formed by driving the coupling circuits of their respective battery cells to an always phase-synchronous
Wechselspannung zu erzeugen. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt, sind von den mindestens 2 * n Batteriesträngen jeweils zwei durch das phasensynchrone Hinzuschalten beziehungsweise das phasensynchrone Entkoppeln ihrer jeweiligen Batteriezellen dazu ausgebildet, eine stets phasensynchrone To generate AC voltage. In other words, of the at least 2 * n battery strings, two are each formed by the phase-synchronous switching-on or the phase-synchronous decoupling of their respective battery cells, which are always phase-synchronous
Wechselspannung zu erzeugen.  To generate AC voltage.
Der Vorteil einer derartigen Antriebsbatterie liegt darin, dass zur Erzeugung der Wechselspannungen der n Phasen für einen n-phasigen Elektromotor nun mindestens 2*n*Batteriestränge bereitstehen, also je Phase zwei oder mehrThe advantage of such a drive battery is that at least 2 * n * battery strings are now available for generating the alternating voltages of the n phases for an n-phase electric motor, ie two or more per phase
Batteriestränge zur Verfügung stehen, so dass der Strom je Batteriestrang im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik halbiert oder sogar noch weitere reduziert ist. Dadurch werden die Koppelschaltungen, beziehungsweise die Schaltmittel der Koppelschaltungen, welche zur Hinzuschaltung oder zur Entkopplung der Batteriezellen verwandt werden, stark entlastet. Ferner können die verbauten Schaltmittel von vornherein kleiner dimensioniert werden, was sich positiv bei einer eventuell vorzusehenden Schaltentlastung beziehungsweise positiv auf die Avalanchefestigkeit der Schaltmittel auswirkt. Durch die Verwendbarkeit einfacherer beziehungsweise kleiner dimensionierter Schaltmittel können auch die Kosten für die Realisierung der Antriebsbatterie reduziert werden. Battery strings are available so that the current per battery string in the Halved compared to the prior art or even further reduced. As a result, the coupling circuits, or the switching means of the coupling circuits, which are used for the addition or decoupling of the battery cells, greatly relieved. Furthermore, the built-switching means can be dimensioned smaller from the outset, which has a positive effect on a possibly provided switching relief or positive effect on the avalanche resistance of the switching means. By the use of simpler or smaller dimensioned switching means and the cost of the realization of the drive battery can be reduced.
Ferner bevorzugt ist jede Batteriezelle der Antriebsbatterie per Ansteuerung einer der jeweiligen Batteriezelle zugehörigen Koppelschaltung zu ihrem jeweiligen Batteriestrang hinzuschaltbar und von ihrem jeweiligen Batteriestrang Furthermore, each battery cell of the drive battery is preferably connectable to its respective battery string by driving a coupling circuit belonging to the respective battery cell and from its respective battery string
entkoppelbar. Dadurch lässt sich die von einem Batteriestrang erzeugbare Wechselspannung genauer einstellen. decoupled. As a result, the AC voltage that can be generated by a battery string can be set more accurately.
Bevorzugt weist je Batteriestrang mindestens eine der Batteriezellen eine Überwachungsschaltung auf, welche jeweils dazu ausgebildet ist, mindestens einen Zustandsparameter ihrer jeweiligen Batteriezelle zu überwachen. Ferner bevorzugt ist die Überwachungsschaltung dazu ausgebildet, eine der Preferably, at least one of the battery cells per battery string has a monitoring circuit which is in each case designed to monitor at least one state parameter of its respective battery cell. Further preferably, the monitoring circuit is adapted to one of
Veränderung des Zustandsparameters entgegenwirkende Maßnahme zu initialisieren beziehungsweise einzuleiten. Dadurch kann die Lebensdauer der Antriebsbatterie erhöht werden. Initialize or initiate change of the state parameter counteracting measure. As a result, the life of the drive battery can be increased.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterentwicklung dieser Ausführungsform ist der mindestens eine Zustandsparameter die Batteriezellspannung und/oder die Temperatur und/oder der Ladezustand der jeweiligen Batteriezelle. Dadurch kann abgesichert werden, dass die mit Überwachungsschaltungen versehenen Batteriezellen der Antriebsbatterien stets in den vorgeschriebenen In a preferred further development of this embodiment, the at least one state parameter is the battery cell voltage and / or the temperature and / or the state of charge of the respective battery cell. This can ensure that the provided with monitoring circuits battery cells of the drive batteries always in the prescribed
Betriebsbereichen betrieben werden. Dies erhöht die Sicherheit und die Operating areas are operated. This increases the safety and the
Lebensdauer der Antriebsbatterie und schützt selbige beispielsweise vor Lifespan of the drive battery and protects selbige example before
Überspannungen oder Übertemperaturen. Overvoltages or excess temperatures.
Ferner bevorzugt weisen die Koppelschaltungen jeweils mindestens ein Further preferably, the coupling circuits each have at least one
Schaltmittel auf, welches jeweils dazu ausgebildet ist, maximal einen Strom zu führen, welcher einen Wert von m/n Ampere nicht überschreitet, wobei m€ [300 A ; 1000 A] und wobei n der Anzahl der Phasen entspricht, mit welchen der mit der Antriebsbatterie verbindbare Elektromotor betreibbar ist und wobei n 6 N+ und n > 1 gilt. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform entspricht m = 480 A. In einer ferner bevorzugten Ausführungsform entspricht m = 300 A. in einer des Weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform entspricht m = 1000 A. In einer solchen Ausführungsform sind die Schaltmittel besonders kostengünstig realisierbar. Switching means, which is each designed to carry a maximum of a current which does not exceed a value of m / n amperes, where m € [300 A; 1000 A] and where n corresponds to the number of phases with which the electric motor connectable to the drive battery can be operated and where n 6 N + and n> 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment, m = 480 A. In a further preferred embodiment, m = 300 A. In a further preferred embodiment, m = 1000 A. In such an embodiment, the switching means can be realized particularly inexpensively.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterentwicklung dieser Ausführungsform sind die In a preferred further development of this embodiment, the
Schaltmittel als Leistungshalbleiter ausgeführt. Leistungshalbleiter sind verhältnismäßig günstig und weisen eine hohe Lebensdauer auf. Sie können mit einer hohen Schaltfrequenz betrieben werden und weisen nur geringe Verluste auf. In einer ferner bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Schaltmittel als MOSFETs ausgeführt. MOSFETs sind kostengünstig und sehr kompakt, das heißt in einer hohen Integrationsdichte realisierbar. Ferner weisen MOSFETs eine schnelle Schaltzeit sowie stabile Verstärkungs- und Antwortzeiten auf. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der Antriebsbatterie um eine Switching means designed as power semiconductors. Power semiconductors are relatively cheap and have a long service life. They can be operated with a high switching frequency and have only low losses. In a further preferred embodiment, the switching means are designed as MOSFETs. MOSFETs are inexpensive and very compact, that is, in a high integration density feasible. Furthermore, MOSFETs have fast switching time as well as stable amplification and response times. Preferably, the drive battery is a
Lithium-Ionen-Batterie. Ferner bevorzugt weist die Antriebsbatterie  Lithium Ion Battery. Further preferably, the drive battery
Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen auf. Vorteile solcher Batterien beziehungsweise solcher Batteriezellen sind unter anderem in ihrer vergleichsweise hohen Lithium-ion battery cells on. Advantages of such batteries or such battery cells are, inter alia, in their comparatively high
Energiedichte sowie ihrer großen thermischen Stabilität gegeben. Ein weiterer Vorteil von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien beziehungsweise Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen ist, dass diese keinem Memory Effekt unterliegen. Energy density and given their great thermal stability. Another advantage of lithium-ion batteries or lithium-ion battery cells is that they are not subject to memory effect.
Des Weiteren wird ein Antriebssystem zur Verfügung gestellt, welches eine erfindungsgemäße Antriebsbatterie sowie einen n-phasig betreibbaren Furthermore, a drive system is provided, which comprises a drive battery according to the invention and an n-phase operable
Elektromotor umfasst, welcher mindestens genauso viele Anschlüsse und mit diesen elektrisch leitfähig verbundene Polwicklungen aufweist, wie die Electric motor comprising at least as many terminals and with these electrically conductive connected pole windings, as the
Antriebsbatterie Batteriestränge aufweist. Jeweils ein Batteriestrang der erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsbatterie ist über jeweils einen der Anschlüsse des Elektromotors mit genau einer Polwicklung des Elektromotors elektrisch leitfähig verbunden. Ferner ist der Elektromotor durch die mit ihm verbundene Drive battery has battery strings. In each case, a battery string of the drive battery according to the invention is electrically conductively connected via in each case one of the terminals of the electric motor with exactly one pole winding of the electric motor. Furthermore, the electric motor is connected through it
erfindungsgemäße Antriebsbatterie betreibbar. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt entspricht n, das heißt die Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Phasen der Drive battery according to the invention operable. In other words corresponds to n, that is the number of different phases of the
Wechselspannungen, mit welchen der Elektromotor betreibbar ist, höchstens der Hälfte der Anzahl der Batteriestränge, welche die Antriebsbatterie aufweist. Alternating voltages, with which the electric motor is operable, at most half the number of battery strings, which has the drive battery.
Beispielsweise umfasst die Antriebsbatterie eines Antriebsystems mit einem 3-phasigen Elektromotor bevorzugt mindestens sechs Batteriestränge, von denen jeweils zwei phasensynchron betrieben werden, so dass also die von jeweils zwei Batteriesträngen erzeugten Wechselspannungen stets dieselbe Phase aufweisen. Solche Antriebssysteme weisen eine längere Lebensdauer als die Antriebssysteme des Standes der Technik auf und sind zudem For example, the drive battery of a drive system with a 3-phase electric motor preferably comprises at least six battery strings, two of which are operated in phase synchronization, so that the alternating voltages generated by two battery strings always have the same phase. Such drive systems have a longer life than the drive systems of the prior art and are also
kostengünstiger. cost-effective.
Bevorzugt weist der n-phasig betreibbare Elektromotor 2 * n Polwicklungen auf, von denen jeweils zwei dazu ausgebildet sind, zu einem Betrieb des Preferably, the n-phase operable electric motor 2 * n pole windings, of which two are each adapted to an operation of the
Elektromotors mit einer zueinander phasensynchronen Wechselspannung beaufschlagt zu werden und wobei n 6 N+ und n > 1 . Insbesondere ein solcher Elektromotor ist dazu ausgebildet, durch eine erfindungsgemäße Antriebsbatterie in einem erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystem betrieben zu werden. Electric motor to be charged with a mutually phase-synchronous AC voltage and where n 6 N + and n> 1. In particular, such an electric motor is adapted to be operated by a drive battery according to the invention in a drive system according to the invention.
Ferner wird ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Antriebssystems bereitgestellt, welches ein erfindungsgemäßes Antriebssystem umfasst. Das Verfahren umfasst den folgenden Verfahrensschritt: Ansteuern der Koppelschaltungen der Furthermore, a method for operating a drive system is provided which comprises a drive system according to the invention. The method comprises the following method step: driving the coupling circuits of
Batteriezellen der 2 * n Batteriestränge zur Erzeugung von 2 * n Battery cells of the 2 * n battery strings for generating 2 * n
Wechselspannungen mit n unterschiedlichen Phasen, wobei die AC voltages with n different phases, the
Koppelschaltungen von jeweils zwei der 2 * n Batteriestränge phasensynchron angesteuert werden. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt werden die Coupling circuits of two of the 2 * n battery strings are controlled in phase. In other words, the
Koppelschaltungen der ansteuerbaren Batteriezellen der 2 * n Batteriestränge so angesteuert, dass 2 * n Wechselspannungen generiert werden, von denen n eine unterschiedliche Phase zueinander aufweisen, also jeweils zwei Batteriestränge eine phasensynchrone Wechselspannung erzeugen. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt werden jeweils zwei Batteriestränge auf gleiche Art und Weise synchron angesteuert. Coupling circuits of the controllable battery cells of the 2 * n battery strings driven so that 2 * n AC voltages are generated, of which n have a different phase to each other, so each two battery strings generate a phase-synchronous AC voltage. In other words, in each case two battery strings are driven synchronously in the same way.
Des Weiteren wird ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Furthermore, a motor vehicle with an inventive
Antriebsbatterie und/oder einem erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystem Drive battery and / or a drive system according to the invention
bereitgestellt. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben und in der Beschreibung beschrieben. provided. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims and described in the description.
Zeichnungen drawings
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt die einzige Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below. It shows the only one
Figur 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsbatterie. 1 shows an embodiment of a drive system according to the invention with a drive battery according to the invention.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
In der Figur 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen In the figure 1 is an embodiment of an inventive
Antriebssystems 70 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsbatterie 60 zumDrive system 70 with a drive battery 60 according to the invention for
3-phasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors 50 dargestellt. Die erfindungsgemäße Antriebsbatterie 60 weist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel rein beispielhaft sechs Batteriestränge 40 auf, wobei jeder Batteriestrang 40 eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriezellen 30 aufweist. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind rein beispielhaft alle Batteriezellen 30 über jeweils eine ansteuerbare 3-phase operation of an electric motor 50 shown. The drive battery 60 according to the invention has in this exemplary embodiment, by way of example only, six battery strings 40, each battery string 40 having a multiplicity of battery cells 30 connected in series. In this embodiment, purely by way of example, all the battery cells 30 are each controllable
Koppelschaltung 7, über welche die Batteriezellen 30 jeweils mit ihren jeweiligen Batteriesträngen 40 verbunden beziehungsweise verschaltet sind, zu ihren jeweiligen Batteriesträngen 40 hinzuschaltbar beziehungsweise von ihren jeweiligen Batteriesträngen 40 entkoppelbar. Dabei sind die zur Hinzuschaltung beziehungsweise Entkopplung der Batteriezellen 30 ansteuerbaren  Coupling circuit 7, via which the battery cells 30 are each connected or interconnected with their respective battery strings 40, to their respective battery strings 40 hinzuschaltbar or decoupled from their respective battery strings 40. In this case, the driveable to the addition or decoupling of the battery cells 30 are
Koppelschaltungen 7 in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als Vollbrücken ausgeführt. Es können allerdings auch andere Antriebsbatterien 60 beziehungsweise Antriebssysteme 70 ausgeführt sein, in welchen die Koppelschaltungen 7 beispielsweise als Halbbrücken oder aber auch als ganz andere Schaltungen ausgeführt sind. Ferner können erfindungsgemäße Antriebsbatterien 60 realisiert werden, in welchen nicht alle Batteriezellen 30 von den Batteriesträngen 40 entkoppelbar beziehungsweise zu den Batteriesträngen 40 hinzuschaltbar sind. Von der Vielzahl der Batteriezellen 30 sind in Figur 1 je Batteriestrang 40 lediglich zwei dargestellt, während eine verbleibende Anzahl an Batteriezellen 30 je Batteriestrang 40 durch jeweils eine gepunktete Linie angedeutet ist. Jeder der Coupling circuits 7 executed in this embodiment as full bridges. However, it is also possible for other drive batteries 60 or drive systems 70 to be designed, in which the coupling circuits 7 are designed, for example, as half-bridges or as entirely different circuits. Furthermore, drive batteries 60 according to the invention can be realized, in which not all battery cells 30 can be decoupled from the battery strings 40 or connected to the battery strings 40. Of the multiplicity of battery cells 30, only two are shown in FIG. 1 per battery string 40, while a remaining number of battery cells 30 per battery string 40 is indicated by a respective dotted line. Everyone who
Batteriestränge 40 der Antriebsbatterie 60 ist mit einer von in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel des Antriebssystems 70 sechs Polwicklungen eines 3-phasig betreibbaren Elektromotors 50 elektrisch leitfähig verbunden. Von den sechs Batteriesträngen 40 sind jeweils zwei per Ansteuerung der Battery strings 40 of the drive battery 60 is one of in this Embodiment of the drive system 70 six pole windings of a 3-phase operable electric motor 50 electrically conductively connected. Of the six battery strings 40 are each two by controlling the
Koppelschaltungen 7 ihrer jeweiligen Batteriezellen 30 dazu ausgebildet, eine stets phasensynchrone Wechselspannung zu erzeugen. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt sind durch das phasensynchrone Hinzuschalten beziehungsweise Entkoppeln der Batteriezellen 30 der Batteriestränge 40 insgesamt sechs den Batteriesträngen 40 jeweils zuordenbare Wechselspannungen erzeugbar, von denen jeweils zwei zueinander phasensynchron sind. Coupling circuits 7 of their respective battery cells 30 designed to generate an always phase-synchronous AC voltage. In other words, by the phase-synchronous addition or decoupling of the battery cells 30 of the battery strings 40, a total of six battery voltages 40 each assignable AC voltages can be generated, of which two are mutually phase synchronous.
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weist rein beispielhaft jede der Batteriezellen 30 eine Überwachungsschaltung auf beziehungsweise ist jeder Batteriezelle 30 eine Überwachungsschaltung zugeordnet (nicht dargestellt), welche in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils rein beispielhaft dazu ausgebildet ist, die In this exemplary embodiment, by way of example, each of the battery cells 30 has a monitoring circuit or a monitoring circuit is assigned to each battery cell 30 (not shown), which in this exemplary embodiment is designed in each case purely by way of example
Batteriezellspannung, die Temperatur sowie den Ladezustand ihrer jeweiligenBattery cell voltage, the temperature and the state of charge of their respective
Batteriezelle 30 zu überwachen. Es können allerdings auch erfindungsgemäße Antriebssysteme 70 mit erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsbatterien 60 und Battery cell 30 to monitor. However, it is also possible drive systems 70 according to the invention with drive batteries 60 and 60 according to the invention
Überwachungsschaltungen realisiert sein, welche zur Überwachung anderer Zustandsparameter als den zuvor genannten ausgebildet sind. Monitoring circuits can be realized, which are designed to monitor other state parameters than those mentioned above.
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weisen die rein beispielhaft als Vollbrücken ausgeführten Koppelschaltungen 7 der Antriebsbatterie 60 jeweils vier In this exemplary embodiment, the coupling circuits 7 of the drive battery 60, which are designed purely by way of example as full bridges, each have four
Schaltmittel 1 auf, welche in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils rein beispielhaft dazu ausgebildet sind, maximal einen Strom zu führen, welcher einen Wert von 480/3 Ampere, also 160 A nicht überschreitet. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt, sind die in den Koppelschaltungen 7 der Antriebsbatterie 60 verbauten Switching means 1, which are formed in this embodiment each purely by way of example to lead a maximum of a current which does not exceed a value of 480/3 amps, ie 160 A. In other words, those installed in the coupling circuits 7 of the drive battery 60
Schaltmittel 1 jeweils lediglich dazu ausgebildet, von einem Strom durchflössen zu werden, welcher einen Wert von 160 A nicht überschreitet. Übersteigt der durch die Schaltmittel 1 der Koppelschaltungen 7 der Antriebsbatterie 60 fließende Strom diesen Wert, können die Schaltmittel 1 der Koppelschaltungen 7Switching means 1 each only designed to be traversed by a current which does not exceed a value of 160 A. If the current flowing through the switching means 1 of the coupling circuits 7 of the drive battery 60 exceeds this value, the switching means 1 of the coupling circuits 7 can be used
Schaden nehmen. Get damaged.
Die Schaltmittel 1 sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel rein beispielhaft als Leistungshalbleiter, genauer beschrieben, als MOSFETs ausgeführt. Es können allerdings auch erfindungsgemäße Koppelschaltungen 7 mit Schaltmitteln 1 ausgeführt sein, bei welchen es sich nicht um Leistungshalbleiter und nicht um MOSFETs oder aber um andere Leistungshalbleiterschalter handelt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist jede einzelne der Vielzahl der Batteriezellen 30 über jeweils eine Koppelschaltung 7 zu jeweils einem Batteriestrang 40 hinzuschaltbar oder von dem jeweiligen Batteriestrang 40 entkoppelbar. Es können allerdings auch erfindungsgemäße Antriebsbatterien 60 realisiert werden, bei welchen jeweils mehrere Batteriezellen 30, beispielsweise ganze Batteriemodule, über jeweils eine Koppelschaltung 7 zu einem Batteriestrang 40 hinzuschaltbar oder von diesem entkoppelbar sind. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt umfasst das in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebene Antriebssystem 70 rein beispielhaft die zuvor beschriebene Antriebsbatterie 60 sowie einen in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel rein beispielhaftThe switching means 1 are in this embodiment, purely by way of example as a power semiconductor, described in more detail, designed as MOSFETs. However, coupling circuits 7 according to the invention may also be designed with switching means 1, which are not power semiconductors and not MOSFETs or other power semiconductor switches. In this exemplary embodiment, each individual one of the plurality of battery cells 30 can be connected via a respective coupling circuit 7 to one respective battery string 40 or can be decoupled from the respective battery string 40. However, it is also possible to realize drive batteries 60 according to the invention, in which a plurality of battery cells 30, for example entire battery modules, can be connected to a battery string 40 via a respective coupling circuit 7 or decoupled from this. In other words, the drive system 70 described in this exemplary embodiment comprises, purely by way of example, the drive battery 60 described above, as well as one purely exemplary in this exemplary embodiment
3- phasig betreibbaren Elektromotor 50, welcher genauso viele Anschlüsse 51 und mit diesen elektrisch leitfähig verbundene Polwicklungen (nicht dargestellt) aufweist, wie die Antriebsbatterie 60 Batteriestränge 40 aufweist, also in diesemThree-phase operable electric motor 50, which has the same number of terminals 51 and with these electrically conductive connected pole windings (not shown), as the drive battery 60 battery strings 40, ie in this
Ausführungsbeispiel rein beispielhaft sechs. Jeweils einer der Batteriestränge 40 der Antriebsbatterie 60 ist über jeweils einen der Anschlüsse 51 des Embodiment purely exemplary six. In each case one of the battery strings 40 of the drive battery 60 is in each case via one of the terminals 51 of the
Elektromotors 50 mit genau einer Polwicklung des Elektromotors 50 elektrisch leitfähig verbunden. Der Elektromotor 50 ist durch die mit ihm verbundene Antriebsbatterie 60 betreibbar. Es können auch erfindungsgemäße Electric motor 50 electrically connected to exactly one pole winding of the electric motor 50. The electric motor 50 is operable by the drive battery 60 connected to it. It can also according to the invention
Antriebssysteme 70 realisiert werden, welche andere Elektromotoren 50, beispielsweise 2- oder 4-phasig betreibbare Elektromotoren 50 aufweisen. Die für den Antrieb solcher Elektromotoren 50 in erfindungsgemäßen  Drive systems 70 can be realized, which other electric motors 50, for example, 2- or 4-phase operable electric motors 50 have. The for driving such electric motors 50 in accordance with the invention
Antriebssystemen 70 vorgesehenen Antriebsbatterien 60 weisen dann erfindungsgemäß jeweils mindestens doppelt so viele Batteriestränge 40 auf, also bei 2-phasig betreibbaren Elektromotoren 50 mindestens vier und beiDrive systems 60 provided drive batteries 60 then according to the invention each have at least twice as many battery strings 40, so at two-phase operable electric motors 50 at least four and at
4- phasig betreibbaren Elektromotoren 50 mindestens acht Batteriestränge 40 auf. Von diesen Batteriesträngen 40 werden dann jeweils zwei durch das Hinzuschalten beziehungsweise Entkoppeln der den Batteriesträngen 40 zugehörigen Batteriezellen 30 phasensynchron, also mit gleicher Phase betrieben. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt sind jeweils zwei der Batteriestränge 40 dazu ausgebildet, Wechselspannungen zu erzeugen, welche zueinander phasensynchron sind. Mit abermals anderen Worten ausgedrückt, sind die von jeweils zwei Batteriesträngen 40 erzeugbaren Wechselspannungen jeweils zueinander phasensynchron. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weist der 3-phasig betreibbare Elektromotor 50 genau sechs Polwicklungen auf, von denen jeweils zwei dazu ausgebildet sind, zu einem Betrieb des Elektromotors 50 mit einer zueinander phasensynchronen Wechselspannung beaufschlagt zu werden. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt ist der 3-phasig betreibbare Elektromotor 50 so ausgestaltet, dass er durch die erfindungsgemäße, sechs Batteriestränge 40 aufweisende Antriebsbatterie 60 angetrieben werden kann. 4- phase operable electric motors 50 at least eight battery strings 40 on. Of these battery strings 40 are then each two by the addition or decoupling of the battery strings 40 associated battery cells 30 phase synchronous, ie operated with the same phase. In other words, in each case two of the battery strings 40 are designed to generate alternating voltages which are phase-synchronous with one another. Expressed again with other words, the alternating voltages that can be generated by two battery strings 40 are each phase-synchronized with each other. In this embodiment, the three-phase operable electric motor 50 has exactly six pole windings, two of which are each designed to be acted upon by an operation of the electric motor 50 with a mutually phase-synchronous AC voltage. In other words, the 3-phase operable electric motor 50 is configured so that it can be driven by the drive battery 60 according to the invention, which has six battery strings 40.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Antriebsbatterie (60) für den n-phasigen Betrieb eines Elektromotors (50), umfassend, 1 . A drive battery (60) for the n-phase operation of an electric motor (50), comprising
- mindestens 2 * n Batteriestränge (40), wobei jeder Batteriestrang (40) eine Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Batteriezellen (30) aufweist und wobei je Batteriestrang (40) mindestens eine Batteriezelle (30) per Ansteuerung einer der jeweiligen Batteriezelle (30) zugehörigen Koppelschaltung (7) zu dem jeweiligen Batteriestrang (40) hinzuschaltbar und von dem jeweiligen Batteriestrang (40) entkoppelbar ist und wobei jeder Batteriestrang (40) mit einer von 2 * n Polwicklungen eines n-phasig betreibbaren Elektromotors (50) verbindbar ist, wobei n 6 N+ und n > 1 gilt, - At least 2 * n battery strings (40), each battery string (40) having a plurality of series-connected battery cells (30) and wherein each battery string (40) at least one battery cell (30) by controlling one of the respective battery cell (30) Coupling circuit (7) to the respective battery string (40) hinzuschapbar and decoupled from the respective battery string (40) and wherein each battery string (40) with one of 2 * n pole windings of an n-phase operable electric motor (50) is connectable, wherein n 6 N + and n> 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
von den mindestens 2 * n Batteriesträngen (40) jeweils zwei per of the at least 2 * n Batteriesträngen (40) in each case two per
Ansteuerung der Koppelschaltungen (7) ihrer jeweiligen Batteriezellen (30) dazu ausgebildet sind, eine stets phasensynchrone Wechselspannung zu erzeugen.  Control of the coupling circuits (7) of their respective battery cells (30) are adapted to generate an always phase-synchronous AC voltage.
2. Antriebsbatterie (60) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei je Batteriestrang (40) 2. drive battery (60) according to claim 1, wherein each battery string (40)
mindestens eine der Batteriezellen (30) eine Überwachungsschaltung aufweist, welche jeweils dazu ausgebildet ist, mindestens einen  at least one of the battery cells (30) has a monitoring circuit, which is in each case designed to at least one
Zustandsparameter ihrer jeweiligen Batteriezelle (30) zu überwachen.  Condition parameters of their respective battery cell (30) to monitor.
3. Antriebsbatterie (60) nach Anspruch 2, wobei der mindestens eine 3. The drive battery (60) according to claim 2, wherein the at least one
Zustandsparameter die Batteriezellspannung und/oder die Temperatur und/oder der Ladezustand der jeweiligen Batteriezelle (30) ist.  State parameter is the battery cell voltage and / or the temperature and / or the state of charge of the respective battery cell (30).
4. Antriebsbatterie (60) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Koppelschaltungen (7) jeweils mindestens ein Schaltmittel (1 ) aufweisen, welches jeweils dazu ausgebildet ist, maximal einen Strom zu führen, welcher einen Wert von m/n Ampere nicht überschreitet, wobei m 6 [300 A; 1000 A] und wobei n der Anzahl der Phasen entspricht, mit welchen der mit der Antriebsbatterie (60) verbindbare Elektromotor (50) betreibbar ist und wobei n G N+ und n > 1 gilt. 4. drive battery (60) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling circuits (7) each have at least one switching means (1) which is each adapted to carry a maximum of a current which does not exceed a value of m / n amperes, where m is 6 [300 A; 1000 A] and where n corresponds to the number of phases with which the electric motor (50) connectable to the drive battery (60) can be operated and where n GN + and n> 1.
Antriebsbatterie (60) nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Schaltmittel (1 ) als A drive battery (60) according to claim 4, wherein the switching means (1) as
Leistungshalbleiter ausgeführt sind. Power semiconductors are executed.
Antriebsbatterie (60) nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei die Schaltmittel (1 ) als MOSFETs ausgeführt sind. A drive battery (60) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the switching means (1) are designed as MOSFETs.
Antriebssystem (70), umfassend Drive system (70) comprising
- eine Antriebsbatterie (60) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, a drive battery (60) according to one of the preceding claims,
- einen n-phasig betreibbaren Elektromotor (50), welcher mindestens genauso viele Anschlüsse (51 ) und mit diesen elektrisch leitfähig - An n-phase operable electric motor (50), which at least as many connections (51) and with these electrically conductive
verbundene Polwicklungen aufweise, wie die Antriebsbatterie (60) connected pole windings, such as the drive battery (60)
Batteriestränge (40) aufweist, wobei jeweils ein Batteriestrang (40) der Antriebsbatterie (60) über jeweils einen der Anschlüsse (51 ) des Battery string (40), wherein in each case one battery string (40) of the drive battery (60) via in each case one of the terminals (51) of the
Elektromotors (50) mit genau einer Polwicklung des Elektromotors (50) elektrisch leitfähig verbunden ist und wobei der Elektromotor (50) durch die mit ihm verbundene Antriebsbatterie (60) betreibbar ist. Electric motor (50) is electrically conductively connected to exactly one pole winding of the electric motor (50) and wherein the electric motor (50) by the drive battery connected to it (60) is operable.
Antriebssystem (70) nach Anspruch 7, wobei der n-phasig betreibbare Elektromotor (50) 2* n Polwicklungen aufweist, von denen jeweils zwei dazu ausgebildet sind, zu einem Betrieb des Elektromotors (50) mit einer zueinander phasensynchronen Wechselspannung beaufschlagt zu werden und wobei n 6 N+ und n > 1 . Drive system (70) according to claim 7, wherein the n-phase operable electric motor (50) has 2 * n Polwicklungen, of which two are each adapted to be operated to an operation of the electric motor (50) with a mutually phase-synchronous AC voltage and wherein n 6 N + and n> 1.
Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Antriebssystems (70), umfassend ein A method of operating a drive system (70), comprising
Antriebssystem (70) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei das Verfahren den folgenden Verfahrensschritt umfasst: A drive system (70) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the method comprises the following method step:
- Ansteuern der Koppelschaltungen (7) der Batteriezellen (30) der 2 * n Batteriestränge (40) zur Erzeugung von 2 * n Wechselspannungen mit n unterschiedlichen Phasen, wobei die Koppelschaltungen (7) von jeweils zwei der 2 * n Batteriestränge (40) phasensynchron angesteuert werden. - Driving the coupling circuits (7) of the battery cells (30) of the 2 * n battery strings (40) for generating 2 * n AC voltages with n different phases, wherein the coupling circuits (7) of each two of the 2 * n battery strings (40) phase synchronous be controlled.
10. Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Antriebsbatterie (60) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 und/oder einem Antriebssystem (70) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8. 10. Motor vehicle with a drive battery (60) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and / or a drive system (70) according to claim 7 or 8.
EP14723050.2A 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 Drive battery for n-phase operation of an electric motor, drive system and a method for operating the drive system Withdrawn EP2994995A2 (en)

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DE102013208583.4A DE102013208583A1 (en) 2013-05-08 2013-05-08 Drive battery for the n-phase operation of an electric motor and a drive system and a method for operating the drive system
PCT/EP2014/059341 WO2014180906A2 (en) 2013-05-08 2014-05-07 Drive battery for n-phase operation of an electric motor, drive system and a method for operating the drive system

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DE102013208583A1 (en) 2014-11-13
WO2014180906A2 (en) 2014-11-13

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