EP2619893A2 - System for charging an energy store, and method for operating the charging system - Google Patents

System for charging an energy store, and method for operating the charging system

Info

Publication number
EP2619893A2
EP2619893A2 EP11748652.2A EP11748652A EP2619893A2 EP 2619893 A2 EP2619893 A2 EP 2619893A2 EP 11748652 A EP11748652 A EP 11748652A EP 2619893 A2 EP2619893 A2 EP 2619893A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy storage
power supply
rectifier
storage cells
electric machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP11748652.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Feuerstack
Erik Weissenborn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2619893A2 publication Critical patent/EP2619893A2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
    • H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for charging an energy store and a method for operating the charging system.
  • Wind turbines as well as in vehicles such as hybrid or electric vehicles, increasingly electronic systems are used that combine new energy storage technologies with electric drive technology.
  • an electric machine e.g. is designed as a rotating field machine, controlled by a converter in the form of an inverter.
  • Characteristic of such systems is a so-called DC voltage intermediate circuit, via which an energy store, usually a battery, is connected to the DC side of the inverter.
  • an energy store usually a battery
  • multiple battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such an energy store must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current.
  • Wind turbines it may in unfavorable conditions, such. strong Wnd, even come to safety-threatening situations. Therefore, it is always high
  • batteries are described with several battery module strings, which are directly connected to an electrical machine.
  • the battery module strands in this case have a plurality of series-connected battery modules, wherein each battery module has at least one battery cell and an associated controllable coupling unit, which allows depending on control signals to interrupt the respective battery module strand or to bridge the respectively associated (at least one) battery cell or to switch the respectively assigned (at least one) battery cell in the respective battery module string.
  • control of the coupling units for example by means of pulse width modulation, it is also possible to provide suitable phase signals for controlling the electrical machine, so that a separate one can be used
  • Pulse inverter can be dispensed with.
  • the required for controlling the electrical machine pulse inverter is so to speak integrated into the battery.
  • Energy storage cell in a controllable energy storage which serves the control and the electrical power supply of an n-phase electric machine, with n> 1, is used.
  • the controllable energy storage on n parallel power supply branches each having at least two series-connected energy storage modules, each comprising at least one electrical energy storage cell with an associated controllable coupling unit.
  • the coupling units either interrupt the energy supply branch or they bridge the respectively assigned energy storage cells or they switch the respectively assigned energy storage cells into the energy supply branch. All
  • Power supply branches are via at least one inductance and a
  • Rectifier unit with an external power supply network in particular a public AC or rotary power system, connectable.
  • the reference rail is connectable to the rectifier unit.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating a
  • Energy storage cells lie, but are not assigned to be charged energy storage cells are controlled so that the respectively associated
  • PFC Power Factor Correction
  • a typical implementation of a PFC circuit includes a bridge rectifier and a subsequent one
  • the invention is based on the basic idea of utilizing the already existing coupling units of the controllable energy store for realizing a charging function with power factor correction. This is realized in that the coupling units during a charging process analogous to the
  • Switching elements of a boost converter are operated, wherein the at least one inductance in a charging phase energy is supplied and stored there, which is then delivered in a freewheeling phase to the energy storage cells to be charged. This results in minimal additional hardware expense for the necessary free-wheeling diodes, which is associated with low cost and small footprint.
  • Energy storage cells of a single energy storage module as well as the simultaneous charging of energy storage cells of several energy storage modules possible.
  • a multi-phase electric machine and the energy storage cells of energy storage modules, which are located in different power supply branches can be loaded simultaneously.
  • the motor inductance in the form of stator windings of the electric machine for realizing the charging function can be shared with power factor correction. This can be realized by using the stator windings as inductors of a boost converter during a charging process.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides that the power supply branches on the one hand with a reference potential - hereinafter referred to as a reference rail - and on the other hand each connected to a phase of the electric machine and the at least one inductance is at least partially formed by stator windings of the electric machine.
  • a reference potential - hereinafter referred to as a reference rail -
  • the at least one inductance is at least partially formed by stator windings of the electric machine.
  • the rotor position of the electric machine can also be monitored, e.g. be switched off by means of a corresponding sensor, and in the case of a detected rotor movement.
  • Rectifier unit comprises a rectifier, in particular a diode rectifier, and a star point of the phases of the electric machine is connectable to the rectifier.
  • an additional charging inductance can be connected between the rectifier and the neutral point of the electric machine.
  • the rectifier unit comprises n rectifiers, in particular diode rectifiers, and each phase of the electrical machine can be connected to one rectifier each. Also in this case, if the inductances of the stator windings of the electrical machine are insufficient, additional charging inductances may be provided, wherein the phases of the electrical machine can each be connected to a respective rectifier via an additional charging inductance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a PFC circuit
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a charging system according to the invention in a charging phase from a single-phase power supply network
  • FIG. 3 shows the charging system according to FIG. 2 in a freewheeling phase
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic basic illustration of a charging device according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an inventive
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a schematic representation of a
  • the controllable energy store 2 comprises three power supply branches 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3, which on the one hand with a reference potential T- (reference rail), which in the illustrated
  • Embodiment leads a low potential, and on the other hand in each case with the individual phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 are connected.
  • Each of the power supply branches 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 has m in series
  • the energy storage modules 4 in turn each comprise a plurality of series-connected electrical energy storage cells, which For the sake of clarity, only in the power supply branch 3-3 connected to the phase W of the electric machine 1 are provided with reference numerals 5-31 to 5-3m.
  • the energy storage modules 4 each comprise a coupling unit which blocks the energy storage cells 5 of the respective one
  • the coupling units 6 are each formed by two controllable switching elements 7-31 1 and 7-312 to 7-3m1 and 7-3m2.
  • the switching elements may be used as power semiconductor switches, e.g. in the form of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) or as MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
  • the coupling units 6 make it possible to interrupt the respective power supply branch 3 by opening both switching elements 7 of a coupling unit 6.
  • the energy storage cells 5 can either be bridged by closing one of the switching elements 7 of a coupling unit 6, e.g. by closing the switch 7-311 or in the respective power supply branch 3, e.g. by closing the switch 7-312.
  • the total output voltage of the power supply branches 3-1 to 3-3 are determined by the respective switching state of the controllable switching elements 7 of the coupling units 6 and can be set in stages. The grading results depending on the voltage of the individual energy storage modules 4. If one goes from the preferred embodiment of similar ausgestalteter
  • the coupling units 6 thus allow the phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 either against a high reference potential or a low
  • the power and operating mode of the electric machine 1 can be controlled by the controllable energy store 2 with suitable control of the coupling units 6.
  • Energy storage 2 thus fulfills a dual function insofar as it serves on the one hand the electrical power supply on the other hand, but also the control of the electric machine 1.
  • the electric machine 1 has stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W, which are interconnected in the illustrated embodiment in star connection with each other.
  • the electric machine 1 is designed in the illustrated embodiment as a three-phase three-phase machine, but may also have fewer or more than three phases.
  • the number of power supply branches 3 in the controllable depends on the number of phases of the electric machine
  • each energy storage module 4 each has a plurality of energy storage cells 5 connected in series.
  • Energy storage modules 4 may alternatively have only a single energy storage cell or parallel energy storage cells.
  • the coupling units 6 are each formed by two controllable switching elements 7.
  • the coupling units 6 can also be realized by more or less controllable switching elements, as long as the necessary functions (interrupting the power supply branch, bridging the power supply cells and switching the
  • Energy storage module offers. To the charge of energy storage cells 5 one or more
  • a star point S of the electric machine 1 via an additional charging inductance 9 is connected to a rectifier unit 10.
  • the reference rail T- is connected to the rectifier unit 10.
  • the rectifier unit 10 includes in the illustrated embodiment, for example, a diode rectifier 11 in B2 circuit.
  • the diode rectifier 1 1 is connected via a known network filter 12 to a non-illustrated single-phase external power supply network, in particular a public (AC) power grid, connected.
  • Energy storage cells are 5-3m, controlled by a control unit, not shown, such that the respectively associated energy storage cells are bridged 5-31 to 5-3m. This is concretely achieved by closing the switching elements 7-31 1 to 7-3m1, whereas the switching elements 7-312 to 7-3m2 are opened. All other coupling units 6, that is, all coupling units 6 in the
  • Energy storage modules 4 of the other two power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2 are also controlled such that the respectively associated energy storage cells 5-31 to 5-3m are bridged. Such a control of the coupling units 6 in the power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2, which no to be loaded
  • Include energy storage cells 5 is useful to basically for this
  • Power supply branch 3-3 in which also the energy storage cells to be charged 5- 3m, causes a current flow through the additional charging inductor 9 and the stator winding 8-W, so that during the charging phase electrical energy in the additional charging inductance 9 and the stator winding 8-W is stored.
  • the coupling unit 6-3m which is assigned to the energy storage cells 5-3m to be charged, is controlled in such a way that the associated energy storage cells 5-31 in the
  • Power supply branch 3-3 are switched. This is achieved concretely in that the switching element 7-3m2 is closed and the switching element 7-3m1 is opened. All other coupling units 6-32 to 6-3m, which lie in the power supply branch 3-3 of the energy storage cells 5-31 to be charged, but which are not assigned to any energy storage cells 5 to be charged, are controlled in such a way that the respectively assigned energy storage cells are bridged ( Closing the switching elements 7-311 to 7-3 (m-1) 1 and opening the switching elements 7-312 to 7-3 (m-1) 2). All other coupling units 6, that is, all coupling units 6 in the energy storage modules 4 of the other two power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2 are controlled such that the respective power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2 are interrupted. Specifically, this is achieved in that both switching elements 7 of the coupling units 6 are opened.
  • Inductance of the stator winding 8-W drive the current on and charge in this way the energy storage cells 5-3 m.
  • the inductances of the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W are used as inductors of a power factor correction.
  • the coupling units 6 take over the implementation of the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W.
  • the electric machine 1 can be mechanically blocked during the charging process, for example by means of a transmission pawl.
  • the rotor position of the electric machine 1 can be monitored, for example by means of a corresponding sensor, and be switched off in the case of a detected rotor movement.
  • the inductance required for power factor correction may also be provided solely by an external charging inductance, such as an external charging inductor.
  • an external charging inductance such as an external charging inductor.
  • the additional charging inductance 9 without the use of the stator windings 8-u, 8-V and 8-W, are formed.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show exemplary schematic diagrams of a charging system according to the invention when charging from a three-phase
  • stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W of the electric machine according to FIG. 4 are connected analogously to the representation in FIGS. 2 and 3 in star connection.
  • the charging system according to FIG. 4 thus differs from the charging system illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 only in that the
  • Rectifier unit 10 instead of a diode rectifier in B2 circuit a
  • Diode rectifier 40 in B6 circuit comprises, which directly or via an unillustrated line filter to an unillustrated three-phase external
  • Power supply network in particular a public (rotary) power grid, can be connected.
  • the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W are not connected in star connection but in delta connection. In such a
  • Embodiment of the electrical machine 1 comprises the rectifier unit 10 for each phase U, V, W of the electric machine 1 has its own rectifier 50-1 or 50-2 and 50-3, which are exemplified as a diode rectifier in B2 circuit.
  • the Machine (1) is connected in each case to a rectifier 50-1 or 50-2 or 50-3.
  • the rectifiers 50-1, 50-2 and 50-3 are connected directly or via an unillustrated line filter to an unillustrated three-phase external one
  • Power supply network in particular a public (rotary) power grid, connectable.
  • the individual rectifiers 50-1, 50-2 and 50-3 are each with two phases L1 and L2 and L2 and L3 or L1 and L3 of the external power supply network connectable.
  • the inductances required for realizing the power factor correction are also formed by the motor inductances of the electric machine 1 or alternatively by external charging inductances or a combination of the motor inductances with external charging inductances can.
  • the minimum total voltage must be at a
  • Power supply branch 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 discharged state

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for charging at least one power cell (5) in a controllable energy store (2) used for controlling and supplying electric power to an n-phase electric machine, where n =1. The controllable energy store (2) has n parallel power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3), each of which has at least two serially connected energy storage modules (4), each energy storage module comprising at least one electric power cell (5) having an associated controllable coupling unit (6). The power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) are connected to a reference bus (T-) and to one respective phase (U, V, W) of the electric machine (1). The coupling units (6) disconnect the power supply branch (3-1, 3-2, 3-3), bridge the associated power cells (5), or connect the associated power cells (5) to the power supply branch (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) according to control signals. All power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) can be connected to an external power supply system by means of at least one inductor (8-U; 8-V; 8-W; 9) and a rectifier unit (10). Furthermore, the reference bus (T-) can be connected to the rectifier unit (10).

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
System zum Laden eines Energiespeichers und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Ladesystems  System for charging an energy storage and method for operating the charging system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zum Laden eines Energiespeichers und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Ladesystems. The invention relates to a system for charging an energy store and a method for operating the charging system.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft sowohl bei stationären Anwendungen, wie z.B. It is becoming apparent that in the future both stationary applications, e.g.
Windkraftanlagen, wie auch in Fahrzeugen, wie Hybrid- oder Elektrofahrzeugen, vermehrt elektronische Systeme zum Einsatz kommen, die neue Energiespeichertechnologien mit elektrischer Antriebstechnik kombinieren. In herkömmlichen Anwendungen wird eine elektrische Maschine, welche z.B. als Drehfeldmaschine ausgeführt ist, über einen Umrichter in Form eines Wechselrichters gesteuert. Kennzeichnend für derartige Systeme ist ein sogenannter Gleichspannungszwischenkreis, über welchen ein Energiespeicher, in der Regel eine Batterie, an die Gleichspannungsseite des Wechselrichters angeschlossen ist. Um die für eine jeweilige Anwendung gegebenen Anforderungen an Leistung und Energie erfüllen zu können, werden mehrere Batteriezellen in Serie geschaltet. Da der von einem derartigen Energiespeicher bereitgestellte Strom durch alle Batteriezellen fließen muss und eine Batteriezelle nur einen begrenzten Strom leiten kann, werden oft zusätzlich Batteriezellen parallel geschaltet, um den maximalen Strom zu erhöhen. Wind turbines, as well as in vehicles such as hybrid or electric vehicles, increasingly electronic systems are used that combine new energy storage technologies with electric drive technology. In conventional applications, an electric machine, e.g. is designed as a rotating field machine, controlled by a converter in the form of an inverter. Characteristic of such systems is a so-called DC voltage intermediate circuit, via which an energy store, usually a battery, is connected to the DC side of the inverter. In order to meet the power and energy requirements of each application, multiple battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such an energy store must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current.
Die Serienschaltung mehrerer Batteriezellen bringt neben einer hohen Gesamtspannung das Problem mit sich, dass der gesamte Energiespeicher ausfällt, wenn eine einzige Batteriezelle ausfällt, weil dann kein Batteriestrom mehr fließen kann. Ein solcher Ausfall des Energiespeichers kann zu einem Ausfall des Gesamtsystems führen. Bei einem Fahrzeug kann ein Ausfall der Antriebsbatterie zum "Liegenbleiben" des Fahrzeugs führen. Bei anderen Anwendungen, wie z.B. der Rotorblattverstellung von The series connection of several battery cells in addition to a high total voltage involves the problem that the entire energy storage fails if a single battery cell fails, because then no battery power can flow. Such a failure of the energy storage can lead to a failure of the entire system. In a vehicle, failure of the traction battery can result in the vehicle "stalling". For other applications, such as the rotor blade adjustment of
Windkraftanlagen, kann es bei ungünstigen Rahmenbedingungen, wie z.B. starkem Wnd, sogar zu sicherheitsgefährdenden Situationen kommen. Daher ist stets eine hohe Wind turbines, it may in unfavorable conditions, such. strong Wnd, even come to safety-threatening situations. Therefore, it is always high
Zuverlässigkeit des Energiespeichers anzustreben, wobei mit "Zuverlässigkeit" dieTo strive for reliability of energy storage, where with "reliability" the
Fähigkeit eines Systems bezeichnet wird, für eine vorgegebene Zeit fehlerfrei zu arbeiten. In den älteren Anmeldungen DE 10 2010 027857 und DE 10 2010 027861 sind Batterien mit mehreren Batteriemodulsträngen beschrieben, welche direkt an eine elektrische Maschine anschließbar sind. Die Batteriemodulstränge weisen dabei eine Mehrzahl von in Serie geschalteten Batteriemodulen auf, wobei jedes Batteriemodul mindestens eine Batteriezelle und eine zugeordnete steuerbare Koppeleinheit aufweist, welche es erlaubt in Abhängigkeit von Steuersignalen den jeweiligen Batteriemodulstrang zu unterbrechen oder die jeweils zugeordnete (mindestens eine) Batteriezelle zu überbrücken oder die jeweils zugeordnete (mindestens eine) Batteriezelle in den jeweiligen Batteriemodulstrang zu schalten. Durch geeignete Ansteuerung der Koppeleinheiten, z.B. mit Hilfe von Pulsweitenmodulation, können auch geeignete Phasensignale zur Steuerung der elektrischen Maschine bereitgestellt werden, so dass auf einen separaten Ability of a system is called to work for a given time error-free. In the older applications DE 10 2010 027857 and DE 10 2010 027861 batteries are described with several battery module strings, which are directly connected to an electrical machine. The battery module strands in this case have a plurality of series-connected battery modules, wherein each battery module has at least one battery cell and an associated controllable coupling unit, which allows depending on control signals to interrupt the respective battery module strand or to bridge the respectively associated (at least one) battery cell or to switch the respectively assigned (at least one) battery cell in the respective battery module string. By suitable control of the coupling units, for example by means of pulse width modulation, it is also possible to provide suitable phase signals for controlling the electrical machine, so that a separate one can be used
Pulswechselrichter verzichtet werden kann. Der zur Steuerung der elektrischen Maschine erforderliche Pulswechselrichter ist damit sozusagen in die Batterie integriert. Zum Zwecke der Offenbarung werden diese beiden älteren Anmeldungen vollumfänglich in die vorliegende Anmeldung einbezogen. Pulse inverter can be dispensed with. The required for controlling the electrical machine pulse inverter is so to speak integrated into the battery. For purposes of disclosure, these two earlier applications are fully incorporated into the present application.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft ein System zum Laden mindestens einer DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a system for loading at least one
Energiespeicherzelle in einem steuerbaren Energiespeicher, welcher der Steuerung und der elektrischen Energieversorgung einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine, mit n >1 , dient. Dabei weist der steuerbare Energiespeicher n parallele Energieversorgungszweige auf, welche jeweils mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete Energiespeichermodule aufweisen, welche jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicherzelle mit einer zugeordneten steuerbaren Koppeleinheit umfassen. In Abhängigkeit von Steuersignalen unterbrechen die Koppeleinheiten entweder den Energieversorgungszweig oder sie überbrücken die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen oder sie schalten die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen in den Energieversorgungszweig. Alle  Energy storage cell in a controllable energy storage, which serves the control and the electrical power supply of an n-phase electric machine, with n> 1, is used. In this case, the controllable energy storage on n parallel power supply branches, each having at least two series-connected energy storage modules, each comprising at least one electrical energy storage cell with an associated controllable coupling unit. Depending on control signals, the coupling units either interrupt the energy supply branch or they bridge the respectively assigned energy storage cells or they switch the respectively assigned energy storage cells into the energy supply branch. All
Energieversorgungszweige sind über mindestens eine Induktivität und eine Power supply branches are via at least one inductance and a
Gleichrichtereinheit mit einem externen Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere einem öffentlichen Wechsel- oder Dreh-Stromnetz, verbindbar. Außerdem ist die Bezugsschiene mit der Gleichrichtereinheit verbindbar. Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft auch ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines  Rectifier unit with an external power supply network, in particular a public AC or rotary power system, connectable. In addition, the reference rail is connectable to the rectifier unit. The present invention also provides a method of operating a
erfindungsgemäßen Ladesystems. Dabei werden alle Energieversorgungszweige über mindestens eine Induktivität und eine Gleichrichtereinheit mit einem externen Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere einem öffentlichen Stromnetz, und die Charging system according to the invention. In this case, all power supply branches via at least one inductor and a rectifier unit with an external Energy supply network, in particular a public electricity network, and the
Bezugsschiene mit der Gleichrichtereinheit verbunden. In einer Ladephase werden alle Koppeleinheiten derjenigen Energiespeichermodule welche in einem Reference rail connected to the rectifier unit. In a charging phase, all coupling units of those energy storage modules which in a
Energieversorgungszweig von zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen liegen, derart gesteuert, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen überbrückt werden. In einer der Ladephase folgenden Freilaufphase werden alle Koppeleinheiten, welche zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen zugeordnet sind, derart gesteuert, dass die zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen in den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig geschaltet werden. Alle Koppeleinheiten, welche in dem Energieversorgungszweig von zu ladenden Energy supply branch of energy storage cells to be charged, so controlled that the respective associated energy storage cells are bridged. In a freewheeling phase following the charging phase, all coupling units which are assigned to energy storage cells to be charged are controlled such that the assigned energy storage cells are switched into the respective energy supply branch. All coupling units which in the power supply branch of to be loaded
Energiespeicherzellen liegen, selbst aber keinen zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen zugeordnet sind, derart gesteuert werden, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energy storage cells lie, but are not assigned to be charged energy storage cells are controlled so that the respectively associated
Energiespeicherzellen überbrückt werden. Energy storage cells are bridged.
Vorteile der Erfindung Advantages of the invention
Zur Einhaltung von EMV-Normen (EMV = Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit) ist für Ladegeräte der Einsatz einer Leistungsfaktorkorrektur - häufig auch als Power Factor Correction oder Power Factor Compensation (PFC) bezeichnet - erforderlich. Diese regelt den aufgenommenen Netzstrom mittels eines Leistungsschalters einem sinusförmigen Verlauf nach und minimiert dabei dessen Oberwellengehalt. Des Weiteren können auch Netzspannungsschwankungen ausgeglichen werden. Eine typische Realisierung einer PFC-Schaltung umfasst einen Brückengleichrichter sowie eine nachfolgende To comply with EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) standards, chargers require the use of power factor correction - often referred to as Power Factor Correction or Power Factor Compensation (PFC). This regulates the absorbed mains current by means of a circuit breaker to a sinusoidal course and thereby minimizes its harmonic content. Furthermore, mains voltage fluctuations can also be compensated. A typical implementation of a PFC circuit includes a bridge rectifier and a subsequent one
Hochsetzstellerstufe, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt. Die Erfindung basiert auf der Grundidee, die ohnehin vorhandenen Koppeleinheiten des steuerbaren Energiespeichers zur Realisierung einer Ladefunktion mit Leistungsfaktorkorrektur zu nutzen. Dies wird dadurch realisiert, dass die Koppeleinheiten während eines Ladevorgangs analog zu den Hochsetzstellerstufe, as shown in Figure 1. The invention is based on the basic idea of utilizing the already existing coupling units of the controllable energy store for realizing a charging function with power factor correction. This is realized in that the coupling units during a charging process analogous to the
Schaltelementen eines Hochsetzstellers betrieben werden, wobei der mindestens einen Induktivität in einer Ladephase Energie zugeführt und dort gespeichert wird, welche anschließend in einer Freilaufphase an die zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen abgegeben wird. Dabei entsteht nur minimaler zusätzlicher Hardware-Aufwand für die notwendigen Freilaufdioden, was mit geringen Kosten und geringem Platzbedarf einhergeht. Switching elements of a boost converter are operated, wherein the at least one inductance in a charging phase energy is supplied and stored there, which is then delivered in a freewheeling phase to the energy storage cells to be charged. This results in minimal additional hardware expense for the necessary free-wheeling diodes, which is associated with low cost and small footprint.
Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Systemen und Verfahren ist sowohl die Ladung von With the systems and methods according to the invention, both the charge of
Energiespeicherzellen eines einzelnen Energiespeichermoduls als auch die gleichzeitige Ladung von Energiespeicherzellen mehrerer Energiespeichermodule möglich. Im Fall einer mehrphasigen elektrischen Maschine können auch die Energiespeicherzellen von Energiespeichermodulen, welche in verschiedenen Energieversorgungszweigen liegen, gleichzeitig geladen werden. Vorteilhaft kann auch die Motorinduktivität in Form von Statorwicklungen der elektrischen Maschine zur Realisierung der Ladefunktion mit Leistungsfaktorkorrektur mitgenutzt werden. Dies kann dadurch realisiert werden, dass die Statorwicklungen während eines Ladevorgangs als Induktivitäten eines Hochsetzstellers genutzt werden. Demgemäß sieht eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung vor, dass die Energieversorgungszweige einerseits mit einem Bezugspotential - im Folgenden als Bezugsschiene bezeichnet - und andererseits mit jeweils einer Phase der elektrischen Maschine verbidndbar sind und die mindestens eine Induktivität zumindest teilweise durch Statorwicklungen der elektrischen Maschine gebildet wird. Bei der Mitnutzung der Motorinduktivität der elektrischen Maschine, gilt es allerdings den Aufbau unerwünschter Momente in der elektrischen Maschine während des Energy storage cells of a single energy storage module as well as the simultaneous charging of energy storage cells of several energy storage modules possible. In the case a multi-phase electric machine and the energy storage cells of energy storage modules, which are located in different power supply branches, can be loaded simultaneously. Advantageously, the motor inductance in the form of stator windings of the electric machine for realizing the charging function can be shared with power factor correction. This can be realized by using the stator windings as inductors of a boost converter during a charging process. Accordingly, an embodiment of the invention provides that the power supply branches on the one hand with a reference potential - hereinafter referred to as a reference rail - and on the other hand each connected to a phase of the electric machine and the at least one inductance is at least partially formed by stator windings of the electric machine. When sharing the motor inductance of the electric machine, however, it is important to build up unwanted moments in the electric machine during the
Ladevorgangs zu vermeiden. Dies kann dadurch realisiert werden, dass die elektrische Maschine während des Ladevorgangs mechanisch blockiert wird, z.B. mit Hilfe einer Getriebesperrklinke. Alternativ kann auch die Rotorlage der elektrischen Maschine überwacht werden, z.B. mit Hilfe einer entsprechenden Sensorik, und im Falle einer detektierten Rotorbewegung abgeschaltet werden. To avoid charging. This can be realized by mechanically blocking the electric machine during charging, e.g. with the help of a transmission pawl. Alternatively, the rotor position of the electric machine can also be monitored, e.g. be switched off by means of a corresponding sensor, and in the case of a detected rotor movement.
Sind die Phasen der elektrischen Maschine in Sternschaltung miteinander verschaltet, so ist es gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die If the phases of the electric machine are connected in star connection with each other, it is provided according to an embodiment of the invention that the
Gleichrichtereinheit einen Gleichrichter, insbesondere einen Diodengleichrichter, umfasst und ein Sternpunkt der Phasen der elektrischen Maschine mit dem Gleichrichter verbindbar ist. Rectifier unit comprises a rectifier, in particular a diode rectifier, and a star point of the phases of the electric machine is connectable to the rectifier.
Sind die Induktivitäten der Statorwicklungen der elektrischen Maschine nicht ausreichend, so kann zwischen den Gleichrichter und den Sternpunkt der elektrischen Maschine eine zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität geschaltet sein. If the inductances of the stator windings of the electric machine are not sufficient, an additional charging inductance can be connected between the rectifier and the neutral point of the electric machine.
Sind die Phasen der elektrischen Maschine dagegen in n-Eckschaltung miteinander verschaltet, so ist es gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Gleichrichtereinheit n Gleichrichter, insbesondere Diodengleichrichter, umfasst und jede Phase der elektrischen Maschine mit jeweils einem Gleichrichter verbindbar ist. Auch in diesem Fall können, falls die Induktivitäten der Statorwicklungen der elektrischen Maschine nicht ausreichen, zusätzliche Ladeinduktivitäten vorgesehen sein, wobei die Phasen der elektrischen Maschine jeweils über eine zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität mit jeweils einem Gleichrichter verbindbar sind. In contrast, if the phases of the electrical machine are interconnected in a n-corner circuit, then according to an embodiment of the invention it is provided that the rectifier unit comprises n rectifiers, in particular diode rectifiers, and each phase of the electrical machine can be connected to one rectifier each. Also in this case, if the inductances of the stator windings of the electrical machine are insufficient, additional charging inductances may be provided, wherein the phases of the electrical machine can each be connected to a respective rectifier via an additional charging inductance.
Zur weiteren Verbesserung der EMV ist gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein Netzfilter zwischen die Gleichrichtereinheit und das externe To further improve the EMC is according to another embodiment of the invention, a line filter between the rectifier unit and the external
Energieversorgungsnetz schaltbar. Power supply network switchable.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile von Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen. Further features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer PFC-Schaltung, Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Ladesystems in einer Ladephase aus einem einphasigen Energieversorgungsnetz, 1 shows a schematic representation of a PFC circuit, FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a charging system according to the invention in a charging phase from a single-phase power supply network,
Fig. 3 das Ladesystem gemäß Fig. 2 in einer Freilaufphase, Fig. 4 eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen FIG. 3 shows the charging system according to FIG. 2 in a freewheeling phase, FIG. 4 shows a schematic basic illustration of a charging device according to the invention
Ladesystems bei Ladung aus einem dreiphasigen Energieversorgungsnetz (elektrische Maschine mit Sternschaltung) und  Charging system when charging from a three-phase power supply network (star-connected electric machine) and
Fig. 5 eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an inventive
Ladesystems bei Ladung aus einem dreiphasigen Energieversorgungsnetz (elektrische Maschine mit Dreieckschaltung)  Charging system when charging from a three-phase power supply network (electric machine with delta connection)
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen eine schematische Darstellung eines Figures 2 and 3 show a schematic representation of a
erfindungsgemäßen Ladesystems. An eine dreiphasige elektrische Maschine 1 ist ein steuerbarer Energiespeicher 2 angeschlossen. Der steuerbare Energiespeicher 2 umfasst drei Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 , 3-2 und 3-3, welche einerseits mit einem Bezugspotential T- (Bezugsschiene), welches in der dargestellten Charging system according to the invention. To a three-phase electric machine 1 is a controllable energy storage 2 connected. The controllable energy store 2 comprises three power supply branches 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3, which on the one hand with a reference potential T- (reference rail), which in the illustrated
Ausführungsform ein niedriges Potential führt, und andererseits jeweils mit den einzelnen Phasen U, V, W der elektrischen Maschine 1 verbunden sind. Jeder der Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 , 3-2 und 3-3 weist m in Reihe geschaltete Embodiment leads a low potential, and on the other hand in each case with the individual phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 are connected. Each of the power supply branches 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 has m in series
Energiespeichermodule 4-1 1 bis 4-1 m bzw. 4-21 bis 4-2m bzw. 4-31 bis 4-3m auf, wobei m > 2. Die Energiespeichermodule 4 wiederum umfassen jeweils mehrere in Reihe geschaltete elektrische Energiespeicherzellen, welche aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit lediglich in dem mit der Phase W der elektrischen Maschine 1 verbundenen Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 mit Bezugszeichen 5-31 bis 5-3m versehen sind. Die Energiespeichermodule 4 umfassen des Weiteren jeweils eine Koppeleinheit, welche den Energiespeicherzellen 5 des jeweiligen Energy storage modules 4-1 1 to 4-1 m or 4-21 to 4-2m or 4-31 to 4-3m, where m> 2. The energy storage modules 4 in turn each comprise a plurality of series-connected electrical energy storage cells, which For the sake of clarity, only in the power supply branch 3-3 connected to the phase W of the electric machine 1 are provided with reference numerals 5-31 to 5-3m. Furthermore, the energy storage modules 4 each comprise a coupling unit which blocks the energy storage cells 5 of the respective one
Energiespeichermoduls 4 zugeordnet ist. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit sind auch die Koppeleinheiten lediglich in dem Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 mitEnergy storage module 4 is assigned. For reasons of clarity, the coupling units are only in the power supply branch 3-3 with
Bezugszeichen 6-31 bis 6-3m versehen. In der dargestellten Ausführungsvariante werden die Koppeleinheiten 6 jeweils durch zwei steuerbare Schaltelemente 7-31 1 und 7-312 bis 7-3m1 und 7-3m2 gebildet. Die Schaltelemente können dabei als Leistungshalbleiterschalter, z.B. in Form von IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) oder als MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Reference numerals 6-31 to 6-3m provided. In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling units 6 are each formed by two controllable switching elements 7-31 1 and 7-312 to 7-3m1 and 7-3m2. The switching elements may be used as power semiconductor switches, e.g. in the form of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) or as MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistors), ausgeführt sein. Transistors) to be executed.
Die Koppeleinheiten 6 ermöglichen es, den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig 3, durch Öffnen beider Schaltelemente 7 einer Kopplungseinheit 6 zu unterbrechen. Alternativ können die Energiespeicherzellen 5 durch Schließen jeweils eines der Schaltelemente 7 einer Koppeleinheit 6 entweder überbrückt werden, z.B. durch Schließen des Schalters 7-311 oder in den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig 3 geschaltet werden, z.B. durch Schließen des Schalters 7-312. Die Gesamt-Ausgangsspannung der Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 bis 3-3 werden bestimmt durch den jeweiligen Schaltzustand der steuerbaren Schaltelemente 7 der Koppeleinheiten 6 und kann stufig eingestellt werden. Die Stufung ergibt sich dabei in Abhängigkeit von der Spannung der einzelnen Energiespeichermodule 4. Geht man von der bevorzugten Ausführungsform gleichartig ausgestalteter The coupling units 6 make it possible to interrupt the respective power supply branch 3 by opening both switching elements 7 of a coupling unit 6. Alternatively, the energy storage cells 5 can either be bridged by closing one of the switching elements 7 of a coupling unit 6, e.g. by closing the switch 7-311 or in the respective power supply branch 3, e.g. by closing the switch 7-312. The total output voltage of the power supply branches 3-1 to 3-3 are determined by the respective switching state of the controllable switching elements 7 of the coupling units 6 and can be set in stages. The grading results depending on the voltage of the individual energy storage modules 4. If one goes from the preferred embodiment of similar ausgestalteter
Energiespeichermodule 4 aus, so ergibt sich eine maximal mögliche Gesamt- Ausgangsspannung aus der Spannung eines einzelnen Energiespeichermoduls 4 mal der Anzahl m der pro Energieversorgungszweig in Reihe geschalteten Energy storage modules 4 off, so there is a maximum possible total output voltage from the voltage of a single energy storage module 4 times the number m of per power supply branch connected in series
Energiespeichermodule 4. Die Koppeleinheiten 6 erlauben es damit, die Phasen U, V, W der elektrischen Maschine 1 entweder gegen ein hohes Bezugspotential oder ein niedriges Energy storage modules 4. The coupling units 6 thus allow the phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 either against a high reference potential or a low
Bezugspotential zu schalten und können insofern auch die Funktion eines bekannten Wechselrichters erfüllen. Damit können Leistung und Betriebsart der elektrischen Maschine 1 bei geeigneter Ansteuerung der Koppeleinheiten 6 durch den steuerbaren Energiespeicher 2 gesteuert werden. Der steuerbare Switching reference potential and can thus fulfill the function of a known inverter. Thus, the power and operating mode of the electric machine 1 can be controlled by the controllable energy store 2 with suitable control of the coupling units 6. The controllable
Energiespeicher 2 erfüllt also insofern eine Doppelfunktion, da er einerseits der elektrischen Energieversorgung andererseits aber auch der Steuerung der elektrischen Maschine 1 dient. Energy storage 2 thus fulfills a dual function insofar as it serves on the one hand the electrical power supply on the other hand, but also the control of the electric machine 1.
Die elektrische Maschine 1 weist Statorwicklungen 8-U, 8-V und 8-W auf, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in Sternschaltung miteinander verschaltet sind. Die elektrische Maschine 1 ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als dreiphasige Drehstrommaschine ausgeführt, kann aber auch weniger oder mehr als drei Phasen aufweisen. Nach der Phasenanzahl der elektrischen Maschine richtet sich natürlich auch die Anzahl der Energieversorgungszweige 3 in dem steuerbaren The electric machine 1 has stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W, which are interconnected in the illustrated embodiment in star connection with each other. The electric machine 1 is designed in the illustrated embodiment as a three-phase three-phase machine, but may also have fewer or more than three phases. Of course, the number of power supply branches 3 in the controllable depends on the number of phases of the electric machine
Energiespeicher 2. Energy storage 2.
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist jedes Energiespeichermodul 4 jeweils mehrere in Reihe geschaltete Energiespeicherzellen 5 auf. Die In the illustrated embodiment, each energy storage module 4 each has a plurality of energy storage cells 5 connected in series. The
Energiespeichermodule 4 können aber alternativ auch jeweils nur eine einzige Energiespeicherzelle oder auch parallel geschaltete Energiespeicherzellen aufweisen. Energy storage modules 4 may alternatively have only a single energy storage cell or parallel energy storage cells.
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Koppeleinheiten 6 jeweils durch zwei steuerbare Schaltelemente 7 gebildet. Die Koppeleinheiten 6 können aber auch durch mehr oder weniger steuerbare Schaltelemente realisiert sein, solange die notwendigen Funktionen (Unterbrechen des Energieversorgungszweiges, Überbrücken der Energieversorgungszellen und Schalten der In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling units 6 are each formed by two controllable switching elements 7. However, the coupling units 6 can also be realized by more or less controllable switching elements, as long as the necessary functions (interrupting the power supply branch, bridging the power supply cells and switching the
Energieversorgungszellen in den Energieversorgungszweig) realisierbar sind. Beispielhafte alternative Ausgestaltungen einer Koppeleinheit ergeben sich aus den älteren Anmeldungen DE XX und DE YY. Darüber hinaus ist es aber auch denkbar, dass die Koppeleinheiten Schaltelemente in Vollbrückenschaltung aufweisen, was die zusätzliche Möglichkeit einer Spannungsumkehr am Ausgang des Energy supply cells in the power supply branch) can be realized. Exemplary alternative embodiments of a coupling unit result from the older applications DE XX and DE YY. In addition, it is also conceivable that the coupling units have switching elements in full bridge circuit, which provides the additional possibility of a voltage reversal at the output of
Energiespeichermoduls bietet. Um die Ladung von Energiespeicherzellen 5 eines oder mehrerer Energy storage module offers. To the charge of energy storage cells 5 one or more
Energiespeichermodule 4 zu ermöglichen, ist ein Sternpunkt S der elektrischen Maschine 1 über eine zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität 9 mit einer Gleichrichtereinheit 10 verbunden. Außerdem ist die Bezugsschiene T- mit der Gleichrichtereinheit 10 verbunden. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität 9 für die Anwendbarkeit der Erfindung nicht erforderlich ist und lediglich dann Verwendung finden kann, wenn die Induktivitäten der Statorwicklungen 8-U, 8-V und 8-W zur Realisierung der Ladefunktion oder der erforderlichen Leistungsfaktorkorrektur nicht ausreichen. Die Gleichrichtereinheit 10 umfasst im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beispielhaft einen Diodengleichrichter 11 in B2-Schaltung. Der Diodengleichrichter 1 1 ist über einen an sich bekannten Netzfilter 12 an ein nicht dargestelltes einphasiges externes Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere ein öffentliches (Wechsel-)Stromnetz, anschließbar. To enable energy storage modules 4, a star point S of the electric machine 1 via an additional charging inductance 9 is connected to a rectifier unit 10. In addition, the reference rail T- is connected to the rectifier unit 10. It should be noted that the additional charging inductance 9 is not required for the applicability of the invention and can only be used if the inductances of the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W do not realize the charging function or the required power factor correction suffice. The rectifier unit 10 includes in the illustrated embodiment, for example, a diode rectifier 11 in B2 circuit. The diode rectifier 1 1 is connected via a known network filter 12 to a non-illustrated single-phase external power supply network, in particular a public (AC) power grid, connected.
Im Folgenden wird exemplarisch der Ladevorgang der Energiespeicherzellen 5 eines einzelnen Energiespeichermoduls 4, nämlich der Energiespeicherzellen 5-3m des Energiespeichermoduls 4-3m in dem Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 beschrieben. In the following, the charging process of the energy storage cells 5 of a single energy storage module 4, namely the energy storage cells 5-3m of the energy storage module 4-3m in the energy supply branch 3-3 will be described by way of example.
Während einer Ladephase, welche in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, werden die Koppeleinheiten 6- 31 bis 6-3m der Energiespeichermodule 4-31 bis 4-3m, welche in dem During a charging phase, which is shown in FIG. 1, the coupling units 6-31 to 6-3m of the energy storage modules 4-31 to 4-3m, which in the
Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 liegen, in welchem auch die zu ladenden Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 lie, in which also to be loaded
Energiespeicherzellen 5-3m liegen, durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuereinheit derart gesteuert, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen 5-31 bis 5-3m überbrückt werden. Dies wird konkret dadurch erreicht, dass die Schaltelemente 7-31 1 bis 7-3m1 geschlossen werden, wohingegen die Schaltelemente 7-312 bis 7-3m2 geöffnet werden. Alle übrigen Koppeleinheiten 6, das heißt alle Koppeleinheiten 6 in den  Energy storage cells are 5-3m, controlled by a control unit, not shown, such that the respectively associated energy storage cells are bridged 5-31 to 5-3m. This is concretely achieved by closing the switching elements 7-31 1 to 7-3m1, whereas the switching elements 7-312 to 7-3m2 are opened. All other coupling units 6, that is, all coupling units 6 in the
Energiespeichermodulen 4 der anderen beiden Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 und 3-2 werden ebenfalls derart gesteuert, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen 5-31 bis 5-3m überbrückt werden. Eine derartige Steuerung der Koppeleinheiten 6 in den Energieversorgungszweigen 3-1 und 3-2, welche keine zu ladenden  Energy storage modules 4 of the other two power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2 are also controlled such that the respectively associated energy storage cells 5-31 to 5-3m are bridged. Such a control of the coupling units 6 in the power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2, which no to be loaded
Energiespeicherzellen 5 umfassen, ist sinnvoll, um grundsätzlich auch für diese Include energy storage cells 5 is useful to basically for this
Energiespeicherzellen eine Ladeoption zu erreichen. Es sei aber darauf hingewiesen, dass die Koppeleinheiten 6 in den Energieversorgungszweigen 3-1 und 3-2, welche keine zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen 5 umfassen, auch anders angesteuert werden können, insbesondere derart, dass die jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 und/oder 3-2 unterbrochen werden. Die Überbrückung der Energiespeicherzellen 5-31 bis 5-3m in dem Energy storage cells to achieve a charging option. It should be noted, however, that the coupling units 6 in the power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2, which do not comprise energy storage cells 5 to be charged, can also be controlled differently, in particular such that the respective energy supply branches 3-1 and / or 3- 2 are interrupted. The bridging of the energy storage cells 5-31 to 5-3m in the
Energieversorgungszweig 3-3, in welchem auch die zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen 5- 3m liegen, bewirkt einen Stromfluss durch die zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität 9 und die Statorwicklung 8-W, so dass während der Ladephase elektrische Energie in der zusätzlichen Ladeinduktivität 9 und der Statorwicklung 8-W gespeichert wird. Power supply branch 3-3, in which also the energy storage cells to be charged 5- 3m, causes a current flow through the additional charging inductor 9 and the stator winding 8-W, so that during the charging phase electrical energy in the additional charging inductance 9 and the stator winding 8-W is stored.
In einer der Ladephase folgenden Freilaufphase, welche in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist, wird die Koppeleinheit 6-3m, welche den zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen 5-3m zugeordnet ist, derart gesteuert, dass die zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen 5-31 in den In a free-wheeling phase following the charging phase, which is shown in FIG. 3, the coupling unit 6-3m, which is assigned to the energy storage cells 5-3m to be charged, is controlled in such a way that the associated energy storage cells 5-31 in the
Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 geschaltet werden. Dies wird konkret dadurch erreicht, dass das Schaltelement 7-3m2 geschlossen und das Schaltelement 7-3m1 geöffnet wird. Alle übrigen Koppeleinheiten 6-32 bis 6-3m, welche in dem Energieversorgungszweig 3-3 der zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen 5-31 liegen, die selbst aber keinen zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen 5 zugeordnet sind, werden derart gesteuert, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen überbrückt werden (Schließen der Schaltelemente 7- 311 bis 7-3(m-1)1 und Öffnen der Schaltelemente 7-312 bis 7-3(m-1)2). Alle übrigen Koppeleinheiten 6, das heißt alle Koppeleinheiten 6 in den Energiespeichermodulen 4 der anderen beiden Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 und 3-2 werden derart gesteuert, dass die jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweige 3-1 bzw. 3-2 unterbrochen werden. Konkret wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass jeweils beide Schaltelemente 7 der Koppeleinheiten 6 geöffnet werden. Power supply branch 3-3 are switched. This is achieved concretely in that the switching element 7-3m2 is closed and the switching element 7-3m1 is opened. All other coupling units 6-32 to 6-3m, which lie in the power supply branch 3-3 of the energy storage cells 5-31 to be charged, but which are not assigned to any energy storage cells 5 to be charged, are controlled in such a way that the respectively assigned energy storage cells are bridged ( Closing the switching elements 7-311 to 7-3 (m-1) 1 and opening the switching elements 7-312 to 7-3 (m-1) 2). All other coupling units 6, that is, all coupling units 6 in the energy storage modules 4 of the other two power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2 are controlled such that the respective power supply branches 3-1 and 3-2 are interrupted. Specifically, this is achieved in that both switching elements 7 of the coupling units 6 are opened.
Eine derartige Steuerung der Koppeleinheiten 6-31 bis 6-3m bewirkt eine elektrische Verbindung der zusätzlichen Ladeinduktivität 9 und der Statorwicklung 8-W mit den zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen 5-3m. Die zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität 9 und die Such control of the coupling units 6-31 to 6-3m causes an electrical connection of the additional charging inductance 9 and the stator winding 8-W with the energy storage cells 5-3m to be charged. The additional charging inductance 9 and the
Induktivität der Statorwicklung 8-W treiben dabei den Strom weiter und laden auf diese Weise die Energiespeicherzellen 5-3 m auf.  Inductance of the stator winding 8-W drive the current on and charge in this way the energy storage cells 5-3 m.
Bei der in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform werden die Induktivitäten der Statorwicklungen 8-U, 8-V und 8-W als Induktivitäten einer Leistungsfaktorkorrektur mitgenutzt. Die Koppeleinheiten 6 übernehmen dabei die zur Realisierung der In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inductances of the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W are used as inductors of a power factor correction. The coupling units 6 take over the implementation of the
Leistungsfaktorkorrektur erforderlichen Steuerung des aufgenommenen Netzstroms, in dem die Koppeleinheiten 6 mit einem geeigneten Tastgrad angesteuert werden. Da die Funktion einer Leistungsfaktorkorrektur grundsätzlich bekannt ist, soll sie an dieser Stelle nicht weiter erläutert werden. Um die Erzeugung unerwünschter Momente in der elektrischen Maschine 1 während des Ladebetriebs zu vermeiden, kann die elektrische Maschine 1 während des Ladevorgangs mechanisch blockiert werden, z.B. mit Hilfe einer Getriebesperrklinke. Alternativ kann auch die Rotorlage der elektrischen Maschine 1 überwacht werden, z.B. mit Hilfe einer entsprechenden Sensorik, und im Falle einer detektierten Rotorbewegung abgeschaltet werden. Power factor correction required control of the recorded mains current, in which the coupling units 6 are driven with a suitable duty cycle. Since the function of a power factor correction is basically known, it should not be explained further here. In order to avoid the generation of undesirable moments in the electric machine 1 during the charging operation, the electric machine 1 can be mechanically blocked during the charging process, for example by means of a transmission pawl. Alternatively, the rotor position of the electric machine 1 can be monitored, for example by means of a corresponding sensor, and be switched off in the case of a detected rotor movement.
Alternativ zu der dargestellten Ausführungsform kann die zur Leistungsfaktorkorrektur erforderliche Induktivität auch ausschließlich durch eine externe Ladeinduktivität, wie z.B. die zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität 9, ohne Nutzung der Statorwicklungen 8-u, 8-V und 8-W, gebildet werden. As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, the inductance required for power factor correction may also be provided solely by an external charging inductance, such as an external charging inductor. the additional charging inductance 9, without the use of the stator windings 8-u, 8-V and 8-W, are formed.
Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen beispielhafte schematische Prinzipdarstellungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Ladesystems bei Ladung aus einem dreiphasigen Figures 4 and 5 show exemplary schematic diagrams of a charging system according to the invention when charging from a three-phase
Energieversorgungsnetz. Dabei sind die Statorwicklungen 8-U, 8-V und 8-W der elektrischen Maschine gemäß Figur 4 analog zur Darstellung in den Figuren 2 und 3 in Sternschaltung verschaltet. Das Ladesystem gemäß Figur 4 unterscheidet sich damit von dem in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Ladesystem lediglich dadurch, dass die Power grid. In this case, the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W of the electric machine according to FIG. 4 are connected analogously to the representation in FIGS. 2 and 3 in star connection. The charging system according to FIG. 4 thus differs from the charging system illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 only in that the
Gleichrichtereinheit 10 anstelle eines Diodengleichrichters in B2-Schaltung einen Rectifier unit 10 instead of a diode rectifier in B2 circuit a
Diodengleichrichter 40 in B6-Schaltung umfasst, welcher direkt oder über ein nicht dargestelltes Netzfilter an ein nicht dargestelltes dreiphasiges externes Diode rectifier 40 in B6 circuit comprises, which directly or via an unillustrated line filter to an unillustrated three-phase external
Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere ein öffentliches (Dreh-) Stromnetz, anschließbar ist. Bei dem Ladesystem gemäß Figur 5 sind die Statorwicklungen 8-U, 8-V und 8-W nicht in Sternschaltung, sondern in Dreieckschaltung verschaltet. Bei einer derartigen Power supply network, in particular a public (rotary) power grid, can be connected. In the charging system according to FIG. 5, the stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W are not connected in star connection but in delta connection. In such a
Ausgestaltung der elektrischen Maschine 1 umfasst die Gleichrichtereinheit 10 für jede Phase U, V, W der elektrischen Maschine 1 einen eigenen Gleichrichter 50-1 bzw. 50-2 bzw. 50-3, welche beispielhaft als Diodengleichrichter in B2-Schaltung ausgeführt sind. Jede Phase U, V, W bzw. jede Statorwicklung 8-U, 8-V und 8-W der elektrischen Embodiment of the electrical machine 1 comprises the rectifier unit 10 for each phase U, V, W of the electric machine 1 has its own rectifier 50-1 or 50-2 and 50-3, which are exemplified as a diode rectifier in B2 circuit. Each phase U, V, W or each stator winding 8-U, 8-V and 8-W of the electrical
Maschine (1) ist dabei mit jeweils einem Gleichrichter 50-1 bzw. 50-2 bzw. 50-3 verbunden. Die Gleichrichter 50-1 , 50-2 und 50-3 wiederum sind direkt oder über ein nicht dargestelltes Netzfilter an ein nicht dargestelltes dreiphasiges externes Machine (1) is connected in each case to a rectifier 50-1 or 50-2 or 50-3. The rectifiers 50-1, 50-2 and 50-3, in turn, are connected directly or via an unillustrated line filter to an unillustrated three-phase external one
Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere ein öffentliches (Dreh-) Stromnetz, anschließbar. Dabei sind die einzelnen Gleichrichter 50-1 , 50-2 und 50-3 mit jeweils zwei Phasen L1 und L2 bzw. L2 und L3 bzw. L1 und L3 des externen Energieversorgungsnetzes verbindbar. Power supply network, in particular a public (rotary) power grid, connectable. The individual rectifiers 50-1, 50-2 and 50-3 are each with two phases L1 and L2 and L2 and L3 or L1 and L3 of the external power supply network connectable.
Auch für die in den Figuren 4 und 5 dargestellten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung gilt, dass die zur Realisierung der Leistungsfaktorkorrektur erforderlichen Induktivitäten, wie dargestellt, durch die Motorinduktivitäten der elektrischen Maschine 1 oder alternativ dazu durch externe Ladeinduktivitäten oder einer Kombination der Motorinduktivitäten mit externen Ladeinduktivitäten gebildet werden können. Um sicherzustellen, dass die während der Ladephase in der/den Induktivität(en) gespeicherte Energie in der Freilaufphase abgebaut werden kann und ein ausreichender Leistungsfaktor erzielbar ist, muss die minimale Gesamt-Spannung an einem For the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the inductances required for realizing the power factor correction, as illustrated, are also formed by the motor inductances of the electric machine 1 or alternatively by external charging inductances or a combination of the motor inductances with external charging inductances can. In order to ensure that the energy stored during the charging phase in the inductance (s) can be dissipated in the freewheeling phase and a sufficient power factor can be achieved, the minimum total voltage must be at a
Energieversorgungszweig 3-1 , 3-2, 3-3 (entladener Zustand) größer sein, als ein Power supply branch 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 (discharged state) be greater than a
Scheitelwert der gleichgereichteten Netzspannung. Peak value of the equalized mains voltage.

Claims

Ansprüche 1. System zum Laden mindestens einer Energiespeicherzelle (5) in einem steuerbaren Energiespeicher (2), welcher der Steuerung und der elektrischen Energieversorgung einer n-phasigen elektrischen Maschine (1), mit n >1 , dient, wobei Claims 1. A system for charging at least one energy storage cell (5) in a controllable energy store (2), which serves the control and the electrical power supply of an n-phase electric machine (1), where n> 1, wherein
- der steuerbare Energiespeicher (2) n parallele Energieversorgungszweige (3-1 , 3-2, 3- 3) aufweist, welche jeweils mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete  - The controllable energy storage (2) n parallel power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3- 3), each having at least two connected in series
Energiespeichermodule (4) aufweisen, welche jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicherzelle (5) mit einer zugeordneten steuerbaren Koppeleinheit (6) umfassen,  Energy storage modules (4) each comprising at least one electrical energy storage cell (5) with an associated controllable coupling unit (6),
- die Koppeleinheiten (6) in Abhängigkeit von Steuersignalen den  - The coupling units (6) in response to the control signals
Energieversorgungszweig (3) unterbrechen oder die jeweils zugeordneten  Interrupt power supply branch (3) or the associated one
Energiespeicherzellen (5) überbrücken oder die jeweils zugeordneten  Energy storage cells (5) bridge or the respectively associated
Energiespeicherzellen (5) in den Energieversorgungszweig (3) schalten,  Switch energy storage cells (5) into the energy supply branch (3),
- alle Energieversorgungszweige (3-1 , 3-2, 3-3) über mindestens eine Induktivität (8-U;  - All power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) via at least one inductor (8-U;
8-V; 8-W; 9) und eine Gleichrichtereinheit (10) mit einem externen  8-V; 8-W; 9) and a rectifier unit (10) with an external
Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere einem öffentlichen Stromnetz, verbindbar sind und  Power supply network, in particular a public electricity network, are connectable and
- die Bezugsschiene (T-) mit der Gleichrichtereinheit (10) verbindbar ist.  - The reference rail (T) with the rectifier unit (10) is connectable.
2. System nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Energieversorgungszweige (3-1 , 3-2, 3-3) einerseits mit einer Bezugsschiene (T-) und andererseits mit jeweils einer Phase (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) verbindbar sind und die mindestens eine Induktivität zumindest teilweise durch Statorwicklungen (8-U, 8-V, 8-W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) gebildet wird. 2. System according to claim 1, wherein the power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) on the one hand with a reference rail (T) and on the other hand, each having a phase (U, V, W) of the electric machine (1). are connectable and the at least one inductor at least partially by stator windings (8-U, 8-V, 8-W) of the electrical machine (1) is formed.
3. System nach Anspruch 2, wobei 3. System according to claim 2, wherein
- die Gleichrichtereinheit (10) einen Gleichrichter (1 1 ; 40), insbesondere einen - The rectifier unit (10) has a rectifier (1 1; 40), in particular a
Diodengleichrichter, umfasst,  Diode rectifier comprising,
- die Phasen (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) in Sternschaltung miteinander verschaltet sind und  - The phases (U, V, W) of the electrical machine (1) are connected in star connection with each other and
- ein Sternpunkt (S) der Phasen (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) mit dem  - A star point (S) of the phases (U, V, W) of the electric machine (1) with the
Gleichrichter (1 1 ; 40) verbindbar ist. Rectifier (1 1; 40) is connectable.
4. System nach Anspruch 3 wobei zwischen den Gleichrichter (1 1 ; 40) und den 4. System according to claim 3 wherein between the rectifier (1 1; 40) and the
Sternpunkt (S) der elektrischen Maschine (1) eine zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität (9) schaltbar ist. Star point (S) of the electric machine (1) an additional charging inductance (9) is switchable.
5. System nach Anspruch 2, wobei 5. System according to claim 2, wherein
- die Gleichrichtereinheit (10) n Gleichrichter (50-1 , 50-2, 50-3), insbesondere  - The rectifier unit (10) n rectifier (50-1, 50-2, 50-3), in particular
Diodengleichrichter, umfasst,  Diode rectifier comprising,
- die Phasen (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) in n-Eckschaltung miteinander verschaltet sind und  - The phases (U, V, W) of the electrical machine (1) are interconnected in n-corner circuit and
- jede Phase (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) mit jeweils einem Gleichrichter (50-1 , 50-2, 50-3) verbindbar ist. - Each phase (U, V, W) of the electric machine (1) is connectable to one rectifier (50-1, 50-2, 50-3).
6. System nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Phasen (U, V, W) der elektrischen Maschine (1) jeweils über eine zusätzliche Ladeinduktivität mit jeweils einem Gleichrichter (50-1 , 50-2, 50-3) verbindbar sind. 6. System according to claim 5, wherein the phases (U, V, W) of the electric machine (1) in each case via an additional charging inductance, each with a rectifier (50-1, 50-2, 50-3) are connectable.
7. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zwischen die 7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein between the
Gleichrichtereinheit (10) und das externe Energieversorgungsnetz ein Netzfilter (12) schaltbar ist. Rectifier unit (10) and the external power supply network, a line filter (12) is switchable.
8. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Ladesystems gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei dem 8. A method of operating a charging system according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein
- alle Energieversorgungszweige (3-1 , 3-2, 3-3) über mindestens eine Induktivität (8-U;  - All power supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) via at least one inductor (8-U;
8-V; 8-W; 9) und eine Gleichrichtereinheit (10) mit einem externen  8-V; 8-W; 9) and a rectifier unit (10) with an external
Energieversorgungsnetz, insbesondere einem öffentlichen Stromnetz, verbunden werden und die Bezugsschiene (T-) mit der Gleichrichtereinheit (10) verbunden wird, Power supply network, in particular a public power grid, are connected and the reference rail (T) is connected to the rectifier unit (10),
- in einer Ladephase - in a loading phase
■ alle Koppeleinheiten (6-31 bis 6-3m) derjenigen Energiespeichermodule (4- 31 bis 4-3m), welche in einem Energieversorgungszweig (3-3) von zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen (5-3m) liegen, derart gesteuert werden, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen (5-31 bis 5-3m) überbrückt werden, und ■ all coupling units (6-31 to 6-3m) of those energy storage modules (4-31 to 4-3m), which in a power supply branch (3-3) to be charged energy storage cells (5-3m) are controlled so that the each associated energy storage cells (5-31 to 5-3m) are bridged, and
- in einer der Ladephase folgenden Freilaufphase  - In a loading phase following freewheeling phase
■ alle Koppeleinheiten (6-3m), welche zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen (5- 3m) zugeordnet sind, derart gesteuert werden, dass die zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen (5-3m) in den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig (3- 3) geschaltet werden, ■ all coupling units (6-3m), which are assigned to be charged energy storage cells (5- 3m) are controlled so that the associated Energy storage cells (5-3m) in the respective power supply branch (3- 3) are switched,
■ alle Koppeleinheiten (6-31 bis 6-3(m-1)), welche in dem ■ all coupling units (6-31 to 6-3 (m-1)), which are in the
Energieversorgungszweig (3-3) von zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen (5- 3m) liegen, selbst aber keinen zu ladenden Energiespeicherzellen (5) zugeordnet sind, derart gesteuert werden, dass die jeweils zugeordneten Energiespeicherzellen (5-31 bis 5-3(m-1)) überbrückt werden, und Energy supply branch (3-3) of energy storage cells to be charged (5- 3m) are located, but are not assigned to be charged energy storage cells (5) are controlled so that the respective associated energy storage cells (5-31 to 5-3 (m-1 )), and
■ alle übrigen Koppeleinheiten (6-1 1 bis 6-1 m, 6-21 bis 6-2m) derart gesteuert werden, dass die jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweige (3-1 , 3-2) unterbrochen werden. ■ all other coupling units (6-1 1 to 6-1 m, 6-21 to 6-2m) are controlled such that the respective power supply branches (3-1, 3-2) are interrupted.
EP11748652.2A 2010-09-20 2011-08-24 System for charging an energy store, and method for operating the charging system Ceased EP2619893A2 (en)

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DE102010041077A DE102010041077A1 (en) 2010-09-20 2010-09-20 System for charging an energy storage and method for operating the charging system
PCT/EP2011/064563 WO2012038176A2 (en) 2010-09-20 2011-08-24 System for charging an energy store, and method for operating the charging system

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EP (1) EP2619893A2 (en)
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US20130257355A1 (en) 2013-10-03
WO2012038176A3 (en) 2012-10-04
DE102010041077A1 (en) 2012-03-22
WO2012038176A2 (en) 2012-03-29
CN103119843A (en) 2013-05-22

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