EP2994548A1 - Method for producing components from lightweight steel - Google Patents

Method for producing components from lightweight steel

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Publication number
EP2994548A1
EP2994548A1 EP13730795.5A EP13730795A EP2994548A1 EP 2994548 A1 EP2994548 A1 EP 2994548A1 EP 13730795 A EP13730795 A EP 13730795A EP 2994548 A1 EP2994548 A1 EP 2994548A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
trip
temperature
components
room temperature
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13730795.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2994548B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Evertz
Manuel Otto
Bianca Springub
Zacharias Georgeou
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Publication of EP2994548A1 publication Critical patent/EP2994548A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of components made of lightweight steel according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the z. B. from ribbons, sheets or tubes are formed by deformation and, for example, in areas of mechanical engineering, plant, steel and shipbuilding, and in particular in automotive z. B. for body or chassis components application.
  • Vehicle components on the other hand, but also a passive safety of the passengers promoting behavior of the individual components with high static and dynamic stresses during operation and in the event of a crash.
  • the individual components must meet a variety of requirements in terms of strength, toughness, wear resistance, etc.
  • airbag holders which must have a very high degree of toughness in order to be able to absorb the introduced energy in the event of a sudden load.
  • Si is 0.05 to 6.0
  • Requirement Cr, Cu, Ti, Zr, V and Nb are added.
  • This known lightweight steel has a partially stabilized mixed crystal structure with defined stacking fault energy with a z. T. multiple TRIP effect, which transforms the stress- or strain-induced transformation of a face-centered mixed crystal (austenite) into a -Martensit (hexagonal closest packing), which then transforms on further deformation in a body-centered -Martensit and Restaustenit.
  • the high degree of deformation is achieved by TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) properties of the steel.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing components made of metastable austenitic lightweight structural steel with TRIP and TWIP properties, with which it is possible in a simple and cost-effective manner to produce using a material components that meet different requirements in the operating condition can be.
  • the forming at a TRIP- / TWIP effect avoiding temperature above room temperature, at 40 to 160 ° C, and to achieve in particular a high component strength, the forming at a den TRIP / TWIP effect reinforcing temperature below room temperature, at -65 to 0 ° C, made.
  • Room temperature is understood below to mean a temperature range of 19 ° C to 27 ° C.
  • the essence of the invention is to adjust the required forming temperatures according to the requirements of the component. Is used while the
  • the sheets, circuit boards or tubes used for the production of the components can be provided in accordance with the invention with metallic blank or with a metallic coating.
  • the TRIP effect is based on the difference between the free energies of the individual phases. If the difference of the energies is exceeded by the forming energy, the structure works accordingly.
  • the ⁇ phase at room temperature is the stable phase, but it has a very low energy difference to the a- or ⁇ -phase ( Figure).
  • the TRIP effect can be intensified at low temperatures, since the energy to be overcome is low. If the forming is carried out at temperatures above room temperature, the austenite stabilizes, since the energy to be overcome increases sharply.
  • the resulting in the forming temperature increase in the component can be used selectively.
  • the component undergoes an increase in temperature from about room temperature to about 40 to 160 ° C.
  • refrigeration is now dispensed with according to the invention or a tempering of the tools to 40 to 160 ° C. is deliberately carried out. In this way, components are produced which have a stable austenitic structure with high ductility.
  • the conversion to a component should therefore be carried out at temperatures of about 40-160 ° C and to achieve a high component strength between about -65 and 0 ° C.
  • the high forming capacity of austenitic materials can be optimized without the additional addition of alloying elements by using a
  • Multi-stage forming process in the first forming stages of the TRIP or TWIP effect is suppressed and so before the last forming stage still the forming capacity of the base material is present.
  • low-temperature forming can favor the TRIP or TWIP effect. So can also without adding more
  • Alloy elements component strength can be increased.
  • the deformation in the first stage or in further stages may be done at a deformation-induced TRIP / TWIP effect above room temperature to maintain the ductility of the starting material and in the final stage, the transformation may be carried out at a TRIP / TWIP Effect enhancing temperature below room temperature to produce a high strength component.
  • the forming takes place in several stages, wherein in the individual stages, the forming temperature and / or the degree of deformation and / or the deformation rate can be varied.
  • the component in the different transformation stages very different material characteristics can be impressed, which offers a variety of ways to meet different component requirements.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing components from an austenitic lightweight steel which is metastable in its initial state, by forming of a sheet, a circuit board or a pipe in one or more steps, exhibiting a temperature-dependent TRIP and/or TWIP effect during forming. To obtain a component with, in particular, high toughness, the forming is carried out at a temperature above room temperature, at 40 to 160°C, which avoids the TRIP/TWIP effect, and to achieve in particular high component strength, the forming is carried out at a temperature below room temperature, at -65 to 0°C, which enhances the TRIP/TWIP effect.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Leichtbaustahl Beschreibung  Process for the production of components of lightweight steel Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus Leichtbaustahl gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. The invention relates to a method for the production of components made of lightweight steel according to the preamble of claim 1.
Im Folgenden wird die Herstellung von Bauteilen beschrieben, die z. B. aus Bändern, Blechen oder Rohren durch Umformung entstanden sind und die beispielsweise in Bereichen des Maschinen-, Anlagen-, Stahl- und Schiffbaus sowie insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbau z. B. für Karosserie- oder Fahrwerksbauteile Anwendung finden. The production of components is described below, the z. B. from ribbons, sheets or tubes are formed by deformation and, for example, in areas of mechanical engineering, plant, steel and shipbuilding, and in particular in automotive z. B. for body or chassis components application.
Gerade der stark umkämpfte Automobilmarkt zwingt die Hersteller ständig nach Lösungen zur Senkung des Flottenverbrauchs unter Beibehaltung eines höchstmöglichen Komforts und Insassenschutzes zu suchen. Dabei spielt einerseits die Gewichtsersparnis aller Especially the highly competitive automotive market forces manufacturers to constantly look for solutions to reduce fleet consumption while maintaining the highest possible comfort and occupant protection. On the one hand, the weight savings of all play
Fahrzeugkomponenten eine entscheidende Rolle andererseits aber auch ein die passive Sicherheit der Passagiere förderndes Verhalten der einzelnen Bauteile bei hohen statischen und dynamischen Beanspruchungen im Betrieb und im Crashfall. Vehicle components on the other hand, but also a passive safety of the passengers promoting behavior of the individual components with high static and dynamic stresses during operation and in the event of a crash.
Hierbei müssen die einzelnen Bauteile unterschiedlichste Anforderungen hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Zähigkeit, Verschleißfestigkeit, usw. erfüllen. Als Beispiel hierfür seien zum Einen Airbag-Halterungen genannt, die eine sehr hohe Zähigkeit aufweisen müssen, um bei schlagartiger Belastung die eingebrachte Energie absorbieren zu können. Zum Anderen müssen z. B. bei Quer- oder Längsträgern von Kraftfahrzeugen auch in Bereichen mit geringer Umformung hohe Festigkeiten erreicht werden, wobei ebenfalls eine ausreichend hohe Zähigkeit der Bauteile gewährleistet sein muss. Here, the individual components must meet a variety of requirements in terms of strength, toughness, wear resistance, etc. As an example of this, on the one hand, airbag holders are mentioned which must have a very high degree of toughness in order to be able to absorb the introduced energy in the event of a sudden load. On the other hand z. B. in transverse or longitudinal beams of motor vehicles in areas with low deformation high strengths can be achieved, which also must be ensured sufficiently high toughness of the components.
Um diese z. T. gegenläufigen Bauteileigenschaften erreichen zu können, sind neben dem Einsatz klassischer austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-Stähle neue Werkstoffkonzepte entwickelt worden, die optimal auf die jeweiligen Anforderungen des Bauteils zugeschnitten sind. Zu nennen sind hier z. B. Duplex- oder Mehrphasenstähle, lufthärtende Stähle oder neuerdings hochmanganhaltige austenitische Leichtbaustähle. Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasste oftmals teure To this z. T. contrary to achieve component properties, in addition to the use of classic austenitic chromium-nickel steels new material concepts have been developed that are optimally tailored to the particular requirements of the component. To name here are z. As duplex or multi-phase steels, air-hardening steels or more recently austenitic austenitic lightweight steels. The disadvantage, however, is that the respective requirements adapted often expensive
Legierungskonzepte zur Herstellung der Bauteile eingesetzt werden müssen. Es ist bislang nicht möglich, unterschiedliche Anforderungen mit nur einem Werkstoff zu erfüllen. Bei den Leichtbaustählen hat es in den letzten Jahren große Entwicklungsfortschritte gegeben. Diese Stähle zeichnen sich durch ein geringes spezifisches Gewicht bei gleichzeitig hoher Festigkeit und Zähigkeit mit einer hohen Duktilität aus, wodurch sie für den Fahrzeugbau von großem Interesse sind (z. B. EP 0 489 727 B1 , EP 0 573 641 B1 , DE 199 00199 A1 ). Alloy concepts for the production of components must be used. It is not yet possible to meet different requirements with only one material. Lightweight construction steels have made great progress in recent years. These steels are characterized by a low specific weight combined with high strength and toughness with a high ductility, which makes them of great interest for vehicle construction (eg EP 0 489 727 B1, EP 0 573 641 B1, DE 199 00199 A1).
Bei diesen im Ausgangszustand austenitischen Stählen wird durch den hohen Anteil von Legierungsbestandteilen mit einem spezifischen Gewicht weit unterhalb des spezifischen Gewichts von Eisen (Mn, Si, AI) eine für die Automobilindustrie vorteilhafte With these austenitic steels in the initial state, the high proportion of alloying constituents having a specific gravity well below the specific gravity of iron (Mn, Si, Al) is advantageous to the automobile industry
Gewichtsreduzierung unter Beibehaltung der bisherigen Konstruktionsbauweise erreicht. Weight reduction achieved while maintaining the previous design construction.
Aus der DE 10 2004 061 284 A1 ist z. B. ein Leichtbaustahl bekannt mit einer From DE 10 2004 061 284 A1 is z. As a lightweight steel known with a
Legierungszusammensetzung (in Gew.%): Alloy composition (in% by weight):
C 0,04 bis 1 ,0  C 0.04 to 1.0
AI 0,05 bis < 4,0 AI 0.05 to <4.0
Si 0,05 bis 6,0 Si is 0.05 to 6.0
Mn 9,0 bis < 18,0 Mn 9.0 to <18.0
Rest Eisen einschließlich üblicher Stahlbegleitelemente. Optional können je nach  The rest of the iron, including standard steel components. Optionally, depending on
Anforderung Cr, Cu, Ti, Zr, V und Nb zugegeben werden. Requirement Cr, Cu, Ti, Zr, V and Nb are added.
Dieser bekannte Leichtbaustahl weist ein teilstabilisiertes -Misch kristall-Gefüge mit definierter Stapelfehlerenergie mit einem z. T. multiplen TRIP-Effekt auf, der die spannungs- oder dehnungsinduzierte Umwandlung eines flächenzentrierten -Mischkristalls (Austenit) in einen -Martensit (hexagonal dichteste Kugelpackung), der dann bei weiterer Verformung in einen raumzentrierten -Martensit und Restaustenit transformiert. Der hohe Umformgrad wird durch TRIP- (Transformation Induced Plasticity) und TWIP- (Twinning Induced Plasticity) Eigenschaften des Stahles erreicht. This known lightweight steel has a partially stabilized mixed crystal structure with defined stacking fault energy with a z. T. multiple TRIP effect, which transforms the stress- or strain-induced transformation of a face-centered mixed crystal (austenite) into a -Martensit (hexagonal closest packing), which then transforms on further deformation in a body-centered -Martensit and Restaustenit. The high degree of deformation is achieved by TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) properties of the steel.
Zahlreiche Versuche haben gezeigt, dass im komplexen Zusammenspiel zwischen AI, Si und Mn dem Kohlenstoffgehalt eine überragende Bedeutung zukommt. Er erhöht zum Einen die Stapelfehlerenergie und erweitert zum Anderen den metastabilen Austenitbereich. Dadurch können die verformungsinduzierte Martensitbildung und die damit verbundene Verfestigung und auch die Duktilität in weiten Grenzen beeinflusst werden. Numerous experiments have shown that in the complex interaction between Al, Si and Mn, the carbon content is of paramount importance. On the one hand, it increases the stacking fault energy and, on the other hand, expands the metastable austenite area. Thereby The deformation-induced martensite formation and the associated solidification and also the ductility can be influenced within wide limits.
Mit diesen Leichtbaustählen können viele Kundenanforderungen schon weitestgehend erfüllt werden, es besteht jedoch auch weiterhin der Wunsch, beanspruchungsoptimierte Bauteile aus Leichtbaustahl mit möglichst geringen Legierungskosten herzustellen und gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Anforderungen entsprechend den zu erwartenden Beanspruchungen im Betrieb hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Zähigkeit, Verschleißfestigkeit, usw. zu erfüllen. Zurzeit kann diese Forderung jedoch nur durch Stähle mit an die jeweiligen Anforderungen angepassten Legierungszusammensetzungen und damit verbundenen höheren Herstellungskosten erfüllt werden. With these lightweight steels many customer requirements can be met as far as possible, but there is still the desire to produce stress-optimized components made of lightweight steel with the lowest possible alloying costs and at the same time meet different requirements according to the expected stresses in the operation in terms of strength, toughness, wear resistance, and so on , At present, however, this requirement can only be met by steels with alloy compositions adapted to the respective requirements and the associated higher production costs.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus metastabilem austenitischem Leichtbaustahl mit TRIP- und TWIP-Eigenschaften anzugeben, mit dem es auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise möglich ist, unter Verwendung eines Werkstoffs Bauteile herzustellen, mit denen unterschiedliche Anforderungen im Betriebszustand erfüllt werden können. The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing components made of metastable austenitic lightweight structural steel with TRIP and TWIP properties, with which it is possible in a simple and cost-effective manner to produce using a material components that meet different requirements in the operating condition can be.
Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend vom Oberbegriff in Verbindung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. This object is achieved on the basis of the preamble in conjunction with the characterizing features of claim 1.
Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird zur Erzielung einer insbesondere hohen Zähigkeit des Bauteils die Umformung bei einer den TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt vermeidenden Temperatur oberhalb der Raumtemperatur, bei 40 bis 160°C, und zur Erzielung insbesondere einer hohen Bauteilfestigkeit die Umformung bei einer den TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt verstärkenden Temperatur unterhalb der Raumtemperatur, bei -65 bis 0°C, vorgenommen. According to the teachings of the invention, to achieve a particularly high toughness of the component, the forming at a TRIP- / TWIP effect avoiding temperature above room temperature, at 40 to 160 ° C, and to achieve in particular a high component strength, the forming at a den TRIP / TWIP effect reinforcing temperature below room temperature, at -65 to 0 ° C, made.
Unter Raumtemperatur wird im Folgenden ein Temperaturbereich von 19°C bis 27°C verstanden. Room temperature is understood below to mean a temperature range of 19 ° C to 27 ° C.
Der Kern der Erfindung besteht darin, entsprechend den Anforderungen an das Bauteil die erforderlichen Umformtemperaturen gezielt einzustellen. Genutzt wird dabei die The essence of the invention is to adjust the required forming temperatures according to the requirements of the component. Is used while the
Temperaturabhängigkeit der Verfestigungsmechanismen bei metastabilen austenitischen Leichtbaustählen, die einen TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt aufweisen. Demzufolge ist es jetzt möglich durch den Einsatz eines einzigen Werkstoffs Bauteile mit unterschiedlichen Werkstoffeigenschaften herzustellen, die entsprechend den gestellten Anforderungen mit unterschiedlichen Umformtemperaturen erzeugt werden. Temperature dependence of the hardening mechanisms in metastable austenitic lightweight steels that have a TRIP / TWIP effect. Consequently, it is now possible by using a single material components with different Produce material properties that are produced according to the requirements with different forming temperatures.
Die zur Herstellung der Bauteile verwendeten Bleche, Platinen oder Rohre können erfindungsgemäß metallisch blank oder mit einem metallischen Überzug versehenen sein. The sheets, circuit boards or tubes used for the production of the components can be provided in accordance with the invention with metallic blank or with a metallic coating.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass dem TRIP-Effekt die Differenz der freien Energien der einzelnen Phasen zugrunde liegt. Wird die Differenz der Energien durch die Umformenergie überschritten, klappt das Gefüge entsprechend um. Bei einem metastabilen Austenit ist die γ-Phase bei Raumtemperatur die stabile Phase, sie weist jedoch eine sehr geringe Energiedifferenz zur a- bzw. ε-Phase auf (Figur). It is known from the prior art that the TRIP effect is based on the difference between the free energies of the individual phases. If the difference of the energies is exceeded by the forming energy, the structure works accordingly. In a metastable austenite, the γ phase at room temperature is the stable phase, but it has a very low energy difference to the a- or ε-phase (Figure).
Durch Umformung bei Variation der Temperatur kann demzufolge bei tiefen Temperaturen der TRIP-Effekt verstärkt werden, da die zu überwindende Energie gering ist. Wird die Umformung bei Temperaturen oberhalb der Raumtemperatur durchgeführt, stabilisiert sich der Austenit, da die zu überwindende Energie stark ansteigt. Consequently, by transforming with variation of the temperature, the TRIP effect can be intensified at low temperatures, since the energy to be overcome is low. If the forming is carried out at temperatures above room temperature, the austenite stabilizes, since the energy to be overcome increases sharply.
Beispielsweise kann die bei der Umformung entstehende Temperaturerhöhung im Bauteil gezielt genutzt werden. Hierbei erfährt das Bauteil ausgehend von der Raumtemperatur einen Temperaturanstieg auf ca. 40 bis 160°C. Während üblicherweise in der Fertigung die Werkzeuge gekühlt werden müssen, um die Werkstoffeigenschaften des Bauteils nicht zu beeinflussen, wird jetzt erfindungsgemäß auf eine Kühlung verzichtet oder es wird gezielt eine Temperierung der Werkzeuge auf 40 bis 160°C vorgenommen. Auf diese Weise werden Bauteile erzeugt, die ein stabiles austenitisches Gefüge mit hoher Duktilität aufweisen. For example, the resulting in the forming temperature increase in the component can be used selectively. In this case, the component undergoes an increase in temperature from about room temperature to about 40 to 160 ° C. While the tools usually have to be cooled in production in order not to influence the material properties of the component, refrigeration is now dispensed with according to the invention or a tempering of the tools to 40 to 160 ° C. is deliberately carried out. In this way, components are produced which have a stable austenitic structure with high ductility.
Anwendung findet diese Vorgehensweise beispielsweise bei der Erzeugung crashrelevanter Bauteile, wie z. B. Airbag-Halterungen, die im Fall einer schlagartigen Belastung durch die stark erhöhte Zähigkeit eine weitaus höhere Energiemenge aufnehmen können als bei Raumtemperatur hergestellte Bauteile. Application finds this approach, for example, in the production crashrelevanter components such. As airbag holders, which can absorb a much higher amount of energy in the case of a sudden load by the greatly increased toughness as produced at room temperature components.
Wird dagegen der Werkstoff z. B. bei Temperaturen zwischen -65 bis 0°C umgeformt, tritt ein verstärkter TRIP-Effekt auf. Vor allem zeigt sich, dass eine deutlich höhere Streckgrenze am Bauteil erreicht wird als bei einer Umformung mit höheren Temperaturen. If, however, the material z. B. formed at temperatures between -65 to 0 ° C, an increased TRIP effect occurs. Above all, it can be seen that a significantly higher yield strength is achieved on the component than in the case of forming with higher temperatures.
Diese Vorgehensweise ist entsprechend relevant für Bauteile, die (auch lokal) eine geringe Umformung und damit Kaltverfestigung erfahren und auch in den wenig umgeformten Bereichen eine hohe Festigkeit benötigen, wie z. B. Querträger oder Längsträger. This procedure is correspondingly relevant for components which (even locally) have a low Forming and thus undergoing strain hardening and also in the less reshaped areas require high strength, such. B. Cross member or side member.
Zur Erzielung einer hohen Zähigkeit des Bauteils im Betriebszustand sollte die Umformung zu einem Bauteil daher bei Temperaturen von ca. 40-160°C und zur Erzielung einer hohen Bauteilfestigkeit zwischen ca. -65 und 0°C erfolgen. To achieve a high toughness of the component in the operating state, the conversion to a component should therefore be carried out at temperatures of about 40-160 ° C and to achieve a high component strength between about -65 and 0 ° C.
Mit diesem innovativen Herstellungsverfahren können die Kostennachteile aus dem Stand der Technik auf einfache Art überwunden werden. Insbesondere werden z. B. keine teuren hochlegierten austenitischen CrNi-Werkstoffe mehr benötigt, wenn Bauteile mit extrem hoher Zähigkeit gefordert werden. Andererseits können mit diesem Herstellungsverfahren auch Bauteile erzeugt werden, die im Betriebszustand sehr hohe Festigkeiten und hohe With this innovative manufacturing process, the cost disadvantages of the prior art can be overcome in a simple way. In particular, z. For example, expensive high-alloy austenitic CrNi materials are no longer required if components with extremely high toughness are required. On the other hand, it is also possible with this production method to produce components which, in the operating state, have very high strengths and high temperatures
Zähigkeiten aufweisen, was mit den bekannten Werkstoffkonzepten so nicht möglich ist. Have toughness, which is not possible with the known material concepts so.
Zum Einen kann das hohe Umformungsvermögen von austenitischen Werkstoffen ohne zusätzliche Zugabe von Legierungselementen optimiert werden, indem bei einem On the one hand, the high forming capacity of austenitic materials can be optimized without the additional addition of alloying elements by using a
mehrstufigen Umformprozess in den ersten Umformstufen der TRIP- bzw. TWIP-Effekt unterdrückt wird und so vor der letzten Umformstufe noch das Umformvermögen des Grundwerkstoffes vorliegt. Zum Anderen kann durch eine Tieftemperaturumformung der TRIP- bzw. TWIP-Effekt begünstigt werden. So kann auch ohne Zugabe weiterer Multi-stage forming process in the first forming stages of the TRIP or TWIP effect is suppressed and so before the last forming stage still the forming capacity of the base material is present. On the other hand, low-temperature forming can favor the TRIP or TWIP effect. So can also without adding more
Legierungselemente die Bauteilfestigkeit gesteigert werden. Alloy elements component strength can be increased.
Beispielsweise kann die Umformung in der ersten Stufe oder in weiteren Stufen bei einer den verform ungsinduzierten TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt oberhalb Raumtemperatur vermeidenden Temperatur erfolgen, um die Duktilität des Ausgangswerkstoffs beizubehalten und in der abschließenden Stufe kann die Umformung bei einer den TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt verstärkenden Temperatur unterhalb der Raumtemperatur erfolgen, um ein Bauteil mit hoher Festigkeit zu erzeugen. For example, the deformation in the first stage or in further stages may be done at a deformation-induced TRIP / TWIP effect above room temperature to maintain the ductility of the starting material and in the final stage, the transformation may be carried out at a TRIP / TWIP Effect enhancing temperature below room temperature to produce a high strength component.
Als mögliche Umformverfahren zur Herstellung der Bauteile können z. B. verschiedene Walzverfahren, das Tiefziehen oder auch die Umformung mittels Innenhochdruck (IHU) eingesetzt werden. As a possible forming process for the preparation of components z. B. different rolling, deep drawing or forming by means of hydroforming (IHU) are used.
Des weiteren können mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auch Bauteile hergestellt werden, die extremen Umformgraden unterworfen werden müssen. Erreicht wird dies durch Unterdrückung des TRIP-/TWIP-Effektes bei erhöhten Umformtemperaturen. Furthermore, it is also possible with the method according to the invention to produce components which have to be subjected to extreme degrees of deformation. This is achieved by Suppression of the TRIP / TWIP effect at elevated forming temperatures.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung findet die Umformung in mehreren Stufen statt, wobei in den einzelnen Stufen die Umformtemperatur und/oder der Verformungsgrad und/oder die Verformungsgeschwindigkeit variiert werden können. Dadurch können dem Bauteil in den unterschiedlichen Umformungsstufen sehr unterschiedliche Werkstoffcharakteristiken aufgeprägt werden, was eine Vielfalt an Möglichkeiten bietet, unterschiedlichste Bauteilanforderungen zu erfüllen. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forming takes place in several stages, wherein in the individual stages, the forming temperature and / or the degree of deformation and / or the deformation rate can be varied. As a result, the component in the different transformation stages very different material characteristics can be impressed, which offers a variety of ways to meet different component requirements.
Dabei ist es nicht nur möglich, mit der entsprechenden Umformtemperatur das gesamte (entstehende) Bauteil zu beaufschlagen, sondern auch das Bauteile mit partiell unterschiedlichen Temperaturen umzuformen, so dass sich sogar unterschiedliche Werkstoffeigenschaften innerhalb eines Bauteils realisieren lassen. It is not only possible to apply to the corresponding forming temperature, the entire (resulting) component, but also to reshape the components with partially different temperatures, so that even different material properties can be realized within a component.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus einem im Ausgangszustand metastabilen austenitischen Leichtbaustahl durch Umformung eines Bleches, einer Platine oder eines Rohres in einer oder in mehreren Stufen, aufweisend einen 1. A method for the production of components from a austenitic metastable lightweight structural steel by forming a sheet, a circuit board or a tube in one or more stages, comprising a
temperaturabhängigen TRIP- und/oder TWIP-Effekt während der Umformung dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized by temperature-dependent TRIP and / or TWIP effect during the forming,
dass zur Erzielung einer insbesondere hohen Zähigkeit des Bauteils die Umformung bei einer den TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt vermeidenden Temperatur oberhalb Raumtemperatur, bei 40 bis 160°C, und zur Erzielung insbesondere einer hohen Bauteilfestigkeit die Umformung bei einer den TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt verstärkenden Temperatur unterhalb der Raumtemperatur, bei -65 bis 0°C, vorgenommen wird.  that in order to achieve a particularly high toughness of the component forming at a TRIP- / TWIP effect avoiding temperature above room temperature, at 40 to 160 ° C, and to achieve in particular a high component strength, the forming in a TRIP / TWIP effect reinforcing temperature below room temperature, at -65 to 0 ° C, is made.
2.. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2 .. The method of claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Umformung ein Walzen ist.  that the forming is a rolling.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 3. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Umformung ein Tiefziehen ist.  that the forming is a deep drawing.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 4. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Umformung ein Innenhochdruckumformen (IHU) ist.  that the forming is hydroforming (IHU).
5. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Umformung in mehreren Stufen stattfindet, wobei in den einzelnen Stufen die Umformtemperatur und/oder der Verformungsgrad und/oder die  that the forming takes place in several stages, wherein in the individual stages, the forming temperature and / or the degree of deformation and / or the
Verformungsgeschwindigkeit variiert werden.  Deformation rate can be varied.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Umformung in der ersten Stufe oder in weiteren Stufen bei einer den verformungsinduzierten TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt oberhalb Raumtemperatur vermeidenden Temperatur erfolgt und in der abschließenden Stufe die Umformung bei einer den TRIP-/TWIP-Effekt verstärkenden Temperatur unterhalb der Raumtemperatur erfolgt. that the forming in the first stage or in further stages in a deformation-induced TRIP / TWIP effect above room temperature avoiding temperature and in the final stage, the forming takes place at a TRIP / TWIP effect enhancing temperature below room temperature.
Bauteile aus austenitischem, metastabilem Leichtbaustahl hergestellt nach einem derComponents made of austenitic, metastable lightweight steel produced according to one of
Ansprüche claims
1 bis 6,  1 to 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Bauteile einen metallischen Überzug aufweisen. that the components have a metallic coating.
Bauteile nach Anspruch 7, Components according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass zur Herstellung der Bauteile mit einem metallischen Überzug versehene Bleche, Platinen oder Rohre verwendet werden. that sheets, plates or tubes provided with a metallic coating are used to produce the components.
EP13730795.5A 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Method for producing components from lightweight steel Active EP2994548B1 (en)

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PCT/DE2013/000266 WO2014180456A1 (en) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Method for producing components from lightweight steel

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KR101749201B1 (en) 2017-06-20
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RU2631219C2 (en) 2017-09-19
KR20160003744A (en) 2016-01-11
US20160122839A1 (en) 2016-05-05
RU2015152135A (en) 2017-06-13
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