EP2990741B1 - Installation pour la production de la glace en ecailles ajustable en epaisseur fait d'eau ou d'autres liquides - Google Patents

Installation pour la production de la glace en ecailles ajustable en epaisseur fait d'eau ou d'autres liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2990741B1
EP2990741B1 EP15182674.0A EP15182674A EP2990741B1 EP 2990741 B1 EP2990741 B1 EP 2990741B1 EP 15182674 A EP15182674 A EP 15182674A EP 2990741 B1 EP2990741 B1 EP 2990741B1
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Prior art keywords
ice
knives
breaking
heat exchanger
heat transfer
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EP15182674.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2990741A1 (fr
Inventor
Cristiano Balocchi
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Bi Freezer Srl
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Bi Freezer Srl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
    • F25C1/14—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/042—Snow making by using solid ice, e.g. ice crushing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flake ice making plant according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a plant for making flake ice, possibly also with an adjustable thickness, made with water or other liquid elements according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a second family of flake ice making plants is characterized by the use of vertical flat evaporators that use both the two surfaces and that are very similar, in the operation, to the one of the invention but without ice-breaking knives, however they are characterized by being made of stainless steel or carbon steel and by the need of reversing the cooling cycle for heating the ice such that the part in contact with the evaporator melts and allows the slab to fall down due to gravity then it being broken by another apparatus.
  • the document describes several constructional arrangements of the heat exchanger which are all directed to obtain a final cylindrical shape both as a single piece and as composed of arcuate elements connected with each other such to form together a cylindrical shaped exchanger.
  • One embodiment provides to use extrusions made of aluminium and particular planar extrusions, that is rectangular panels subjected to further processing steps for deforming the rectangular flat panels into circular sections or in a cylindrical element. Since the flat extruded piece is provided with internal webs delimiting the passage channels for the refrigerant fluid, such arcuate processing besides requiring greater costs and processing time is also critical since it involves high mechanical stresses on the webs that therefore can be unsuitably deformed, can change in their thickness and also have cracks that compromise the sealing between adjacent channels.
  • a further drawback of known devices including the device according to US2010/0064717 is the fact that in order to drive and operate the ice-breaking knives, at least the inner knife, or both the knives are supported so as to protrude by a rotating arm coaxial with the cylinder shaft, therefore the construction is expensive and heavy and the movement of the arm with the knives requires a considerable driving power.
  • the invention aims at providing a plant for making adjustable thickness flake ice made with water or other liquid elements that by means of simple and inexpensive arrangements allows the above drawbacks of the current known plants to be overcome while increasing the productivity and reducing energy-related and structural costs.
  • the invention solves the above problem by a plant for making flake ice made with water or other liquid elements according to the preamble of claim 1 that provides in combination the characteristics of the characterizing part of said claim 1.
  • the evaporator is composed of a flat panel provided with two heat transfer surfaces parallel to each other and composed of external sides of walls placed on the opposite faces of said panel while a plurality of channels for circulating the refrigerant fluid or the low temperature intermediate fluid are interposed between said walls, there being provided two of said ice-breaking knives, each ice-breaking knife being intended to operate on a corresponding heat transfer surface.
  • the heat transfer surfaces have at least two opposite peripheral edges that are parallel to each other and to the advancing direction of the ice-breaking knife or knives along the corresponding surface of the heat exchanger, while said knife or said pair of knives is mounted at its ends on a sliding element or on a carriage or on a slide respectively, which slide along sliding guides carried by said heat exchanger at said peripheral edges parallel to each other.
  • the sliding elements or the carriages or the slides are made in the form of a bridge overlapping the corresponding peripheral edge of the exchanger and with a central area cooperating with the corresponding sliding guide the sliding guides being provided at the head sides of the exchanger along said peripheral edges, parallel to each other and oriented in the advancing direction of the ice-breaking knives, while they have extensions supporting the ends of the rotation shafts of the ice-breaking knives on the two opposite sides of the heat exchanger.
  • the supports of the knives are very compact and light and easily enable the fact that at least one sliding element, or a carriage or a slide are motorized.
  • At least one sliding element or at least one carriage or at least one slide bears at least one motor driving the translation in the advancing direction of the ice-breaking knives, which motor drives at least one pinion cooperating with a rack fastened to the heat exchanger along the corresponding peripheral edge of the exchanger and/or along the corresponding sliding guide.
  • said at least one motor drives only the translation of the ice-breaking knives.
  • the knives can be composed of stationary elements, such as scraping blades or spatulas or the like.
  • the knives can be also of the rotating type.
  • rotating ice-breaking knives when there are provided rotating ice-breaking knives, they are composed of a cylindrical core from which ice-breaking blades protrude that end by their operating edge along a cylindrical envelope surface coaxial with the cylindrical core and said knives are mounted so as to rotate about the shaft of said cylindrical core, said shaft being oriented transverse to the advancing direction of said knives along the surfaces of the opposite sides of the heat exchanger.
  • the blades are of the helical type.
  • the pitch of the helical arrangement can be selected according to the requirements of breaking the slab of ice.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment provides the heat exchanger to be composed of a rectangular shaped flat panel.
  • the heat exchanger in the form of an extruded panel having a predetermined thickness and two flat surfaces parallel to each other on opposite sides there being provided a plurality of passage channels for the fluid comprising one or more flat elements wherein channels for circulating the refrigerant fluid or the low temperature intermediate fluid are obtained which are made in the thickness of said panel.
  • the extruded panel is a section bar made of aluminium.
  • the heat transfer surfaces are covered each one by a sheet, preferably made of steel.
  • the inventor has made and tested a prototype of the ice maker by using three extrusions made of aluminium of cm 400 x 35h and 1,6 of thickness, composed of 12 channels for the circulation of gas at a temperature of -15°C covered on both the sides by a sheet of SAE 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 10/10 mm for protecting the underlying extrusion made of aluminium.
  • the reduced thickness of the sheet of stainless steel does not exhibit important mitigations as regards heat transfer with the extrusion and the making of ice on its surface is fast almost as the aluminium.
  • the covering sheets are sprayed by a thin water spray producing slabs of ice with thicknesses adjustable from 1 mm to 3 mm with the thickness difference not affecting the detaching capacity but resulting only in the different output per hour.
  • the detaching step is produced by the knives hitting on the meniscus of ice formed on the two shell sides.
  • the ice, transformed into flakes of small sections falls within the transport tray such to be introduced in the storage bin.
  • the production cycle is carried out:
  • the position of the panel forming the heat exchanger advantageously is the vertical or substantially vertical one. However this position has not to be considered limiting any other orientation in the space of the heat exchanger.
  • the evaporation temperature remains set between - 15° and -18° for the whole production cycle.
  • the invention solves and improves the following drawbacks present in currently known ice making plants:
  • 1 denotes the board or panel forming the heat exchanger for making the ice.
  • the exchanger is composed of an evaporator of a thermodynamic circuit intended to carry out a fluid compression and evaporation cycle according to one of the different known refrigeration cycles.
  • the heat exchanger is composed of a rectangular flat panel.
  • the two opposite faces of the rectangular panel are parallel to each other and are composed of two flat walls both in thermal contact with circulation channels provided in the intermediate gap between said two walls.
  • this heat exchanger can be made as an extruded section bar, with the two faces composed of flat walls 101 connected with each other by means of intermediate ribs 201 which are parallel and spaced apart from each other such to form a plurality of parallel channels 301 extending in a direction parallel to two peripheral edges opposite and parallel to each other of the panel.
  • the panel is made of aluminium.
  • a sheet 2 or covering membrane preferably made of stainless steel is coupled to the outer surfaces of the panel faces.
  • these two membranes or sheets are bordered by a seal glued on the perimeter such to prevent moisture from entering between the two different surfaces, that is between the rear side of the sheets and the surface of the respective coupling wall of the exchanger.
  • Spray nozzles 10 (not shown in detail) spray water jets on the outer surface of the sheets which keep wet the ice producing surfaces.
  • a rotating ice breaking knife 3 for each face of the heat exchanger.
  • the knives have a cylindrical core mounted on a rotation shaft and a series of helical blades 103 radially protrude therefrom ending with their active operating edge at a cylindrical envelope surface coaxial to the cylindrical core and to the rotation shaft.
  • the ice breaking knives both of the static type not shown and of the type shown in the example are mounted so as to translate parallel to a pair of opposite peripheral edges parallel with each other of the flat panel composing the heat exchanger.
  • the translation means provide a unit for the end stop and for reversing the translation direction at the head ends of the panel composing the heat exchanger, such that the knives move forward and backward between the two ends of the panel with reference to the translation direction of the knives.
  • the knives are translated in a direction perpendicular to their rotation shaft.
  • the translation and the possible rotation of the knives can be carried out independently for each knife.
  • the two knives 3 can be translated together and operated together so as to rotate by a single motor M by means of transmissions for the motion of the motor to the translation devices and to the knives, for advancing and rotating them respectively.
  • the particular configuration of the heat exchanger according to the invention that is in the form of a flat panel inside which coolant fluid circulation channels are obtained and providing at least two peripheral edges parallel to each other on the opposite sides of the panel and two surfaces producing the slabs of ice parallel to each other and placed on the opposite faces of the panel, allows these devices to be made in a very simple, strong manner, such to guarantee an optimal accuracy in positioning the knives with respect to the slab of ice.
  • the characteristics of the shape of the heat exchanger allow the translation and rotational operating devices to be made with a very light construction and therefore such to require a relatively low driving power.
  • a sliding guide 12 along the two longer edges of the panel composing the heat exchanger and that, considering the shown position of the panel, in this example coincide with the upper and lower horizontal edges, there is provided a sliding guide 12 respectively. Astride of said guide two slides 13 are placed, an upper slide and a lower slide respectively connected with each other at extensions beyond the two faces of the exchanger.
  • the two slides 13 can be connected to each other by the shafts around which the ice breaking knives 3 rotate or in another manner.
  • the forward movement of the knives in the direction parallel to the longitudinal, horizontal edges and therefore to the two guides 12 occurs by means of a motor M carried by the upper carriage and that by means of a transmission drives two pinions 14, placed at the two ends respectively of a spindle mounted so as to rotate in the two slides 13.
  • the pinions 14 are provided at one of two longitudinal horizontal edges respectively of the heat exchanger and in particular substantially at one side of the sliding guides 12, there being provided in a position coinciding with each pinion 14, a rack 15 extending for all the length of said guides 12.
  • the ice-breaking knives are mounted so as to rotate idle on their shafts and the rotation thereof is determined by the combination of the engagement of the knives in the slab of ice and by the translation of the knives along the exchanger, therefore the multi-start helical blades cause the knives to rotate by entrainment.
  • a possible variant may provide on the contrary a transmission not shown in detail that connects the motion of the motor M to the two knives for rotatably driving them about their shaft.
  • the transverse encumbrance of the plant is considerably reduced and therefore it is possible to provide several parallel plants side by side to each other.
  • FIGS 2 to 4 show the ice detaching step that takes place quickly and continuously under the transit of the knives 3. In this step the refrigeration cycle keeps the temperature of the evaporator 1 constant.
  • one or both the ice-breaking knives 3 can be mounted on the slides 13 in a manner adjustable as regards their distance from the corresponding surface of the heat exchanger where the slab of ice is generated.
  • any known means such as for example supports of the ends of the rotation shafts of the knives on the respective slide that are movable and lockable in place along translation guides oriented perpendicularly to the heat transfer surfaces of the heat exchanger and integral with the slides 13.
  • a second family of flake ice makers is characterized by the use of vertical flat evaporators that use the two surfaces and that are very similar, in the operation, to the one of the invention, however they are characterized by being made of stainless steel or carbon steel and the by the need of reversing the cooling cycle for heating the ice such that the part in contact with the evaporator melts and allows the slab to fall down.
  • This technology does not allow subcooled ice to be produced since it is brought back to 0° moreover it has a reduced Coefficient of performance due to the necessary time for carrying out the defrost cycle.
  • a prototype of the plant according to figure 5 has been made, by using two extrusions made of aluminium of cm 200 x 50h and 3 of thickness, composed of 13 channels for the circulation of gas at a temperature of -15°C covered on both the sides by a sheet of Sae 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 4/10 mm on whose perimeter a border made of elastic rubber has been applied by burning such to allow it to be moved without subjecting the steel to a mechanical stress.
  • the reduced thickness of the sheet of stainless steel does not exhibit important mitigations as regards heat transfer with the extrusion and the production of ice on its surface takes place with a heat transfer coefficient almost equal to that of aluminium.
  • the sheet has been sprayed by an atomized water spray producing slabs with thicknesses adjustable from 1 mm to 7 mm with the thickness difference not affecting the capacity of being detached.
  • the detachment step occurs by the inflation with dry air between the membrane and the extrusion, step denoted by 22, by introducing a maximum pressure of 0,2 bar, the detachment occurs readily on the whole surface that has been previously exposed to the water spray.
  • the duration of the cycle directly depends on the volume of the air suction pump, anyway it does not exceed 20".
  • the evaporation temperature remains set between -12° and -16° for the whole production cycle.
  • the surface on which the ice is produced by the new system can be from two to six times greater with the occupied space being the same, to the advantage of output that can be twice than in the vertical cylinder, in relation to the overall volume of the machine.
  • FIG 5 shows the board (evaporator) coupled to the two stainless steel membranes bordered by a seal glued on the perimeter.
  • the effect of water that keeps the ice producing surfaces 26 wet is visible.
  • the membrane remains perfectly glued on the evaporator due to the suction produced by the vacuum pump.
  • the refrigerating cycle keeps the temperature of the evaporator as constant, therefore there is no need for a defrost cycle.
  • FIG. 21 shows the membrane suction step that takes place by opening the valve 221 and 210 that puts the inner space between the evaporator and the membrane in communication with a storage tank 216. This is constantly kept in vacuum condition (this allows vacuum pumps with small dimensions to be used that can work while ice is forming).
  • Valves 23 and 25 alternatively, provide to introduce the pressure necessary for inflating the membrane for the ice detaching step.
  • 216 denotes a vacuum tank
  • 217 denotes a pressurized tank
  • 219 denotes a vacuum pump
  • 220 show dehydrator filters for taking external air.
  • a solenoid valve 221 opens when the amount of air in the circuit is insufficient (it acts only for compensating for small air leakages from the circuit).
  • Number 212 denotes a check valve (one-way valve) and 215 a pressure adjusting valve, while 214 and 29 denote solenoid valves supplying water to the membrane.
  • the number 24 denotes the nozzles spraying water on the membranes, when the membrane is in step 21.

Claims (12)

  1. Installation pour la production de glace écaille, comprenant un échangeur de chaleur (1) pourvu d'au moins une surface d'échange thermique (101), un circuit d'alimentation d'un fluide de refroidissement ou un fluide intermédiaire à basse température à l'évaporateur, un dispositif de pulvérisation d'eau ou d'un autre liquide ou d'un élément semi-épais sur la surface d'échange thermique d'au moins un couteau racleur ou brise-glace rotatif (3) pour briser la couche de glace formée sur la surface d'échange thermique (101),
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'échangeur de chaleur (1), éventuellement en forme d'évaporateur, est constitué d'un panneau plat avec deux surfaces d'échange thermique (101) constituées des côtés extérieurs de parois situées sur les faces opposées dudit panneau, alors qu'une pluralité de canaux (301) permettant la circulation du fluide réfrigérant ou du fluide intermédiaire à basse température sont interposés entre lesdites parois, deux desdits couteaux brise-glace (3) étant prévus, chaque couteau brise-glace (3) étant destiné à opérer sur une surface d'échange thermique correspondante (101) ;
    dans laquelle les surfaces d'échange thermique (101) possèdent au moins deux bords périphériques opposés, qui sont rectilignes et parallèles l'un à l'autre et à la direction d'avance du/des couteau/x brise-glace (3) le long de la surface correspondante (101) de l'échangeur de chaleur (1) ;
    ledit couteau ou lesdits deux couteaux (3) sont montés respectivement par leur extrémité sur un élément coulissant (13) ou sur un coulisseau, coulissant le long de rails de guidage (12) supportés par ledit échangeur de chaleur (1) au niveau desdits bords périphériques rectilignes parallèles l'un à l'autre ;
    dans laquelle au moins un élément coulissant supérieur (13) ou un chariot ou un coulisseau est motorisé et transporte le moteur (M).
  2. Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les éléments coulissants (13) sont en forme de pont avec une zone centrale coopérant avec le rail de guidage correspondant (12); les rails de guidage (12) étant prévus aux côtés de tête de l'échangeur (1) le long desdits bords périphériques rectilignes, parallèles, orientés dans la direction d'avance des couteaux brise-glace (3), et possèdent des extensions de support des extrémités des arbres de rotation des couteaux brise-glace (3) sur les deux côtés opposés de l'échangeur de chaleur.
  3. Installation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle au moins un élément coulissant (13) ou au moins un chariot ou au moins un coulisseau supporte au moins un moteur (M) entraînant la translation des couteaux brise-glace (3) en direction d'avance, ledit moteur entraînant au moins un pignon (14) coopérant avec une crémaillère (15) fixée à l'échangeur de chaleur le long du bord périphérique correspondant de l'échangeur (1) et/ou le long du rail de guidage correspondant (12).
  4. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les couteaux brise-glace (3) sont montées de manière à tourner fous et tournent par une action combinée d'engagement des lames (103) dans la plaque correspondante de glace et de translation des couteaux (3) le long de l'échangeur de chaleur (1) ou sont entraînés en rotation par un moteur, de préférence ledit au moins un moteur (M).
  5. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les couteaux brise-glace (3) sont composées d'un noyau cylindrique à partir duquel font saillie des lames brise-glace (103), qui terminent par leur arête active le long d'une surface d'enveloppe cylindrique coaxiale au noyau cylindrique et lesdits couteaux sont montés de manière à tourner autour de l'arbre dudit noyau cylindrique, ledit arbre étant orienté transversalement à la direction d'avance desdits couteaux (3) le long des surfaces des côtés opposés de l'échangeur de chaleur (1).
  6. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le panneau plat constituant l'échangeur de chaleur (1) possède une forme rectangulaire.
  7. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est un panneau extrudé ayant une épaisseur prédéterminée et deux surfaces plates et parallèles l'une à l'autre sur des côtés opposés, une pluralité de canaux de passage (301) pour le fluide réfrigérant ou le fluide intermédiaire à basse température état formés dans l'épaisseur dudit panneau.
  8. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit panneau plat est composé d'un profilé extrudé en aluminium.
  9. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les surfaces d'échange thermique sont couvertes chacune par une feuille (2) d'acier.
  10. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les couteaux brise-glace (3) sont aptes à translater d'une position de départ à une position d'arrivée et inversement le long de la surface d'échange thermique correspondante par le biais d'unités de butée qui contrôlent l'inversion du mouvement d'entraînement.
  11. Installation selon la revendication 6, dans lequel chaque couteau brise-glace (3) a une taille correspondant à la longueur d'un premier côté de la surface d'échange thermique, et peut translater parallèlement à elle-même le long d'un deuxième côté perpendiculaire audit premier côté, les positions de départ et d'arrivée étant à des extrémités opposées du deuxième côté.
  12. Installation selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque couteau brise-glace (3) est supporté de façon réglable par rapport à la distance des lames de la surface d'échange thermique correspondante (101).
EP15182674.0A 2014-08-29 2015-08-27 Installation pour la production de la glace en ecailles ajustable en epaisseur fait d'eau ou d'autres liquides Active EP2990741B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITGE20140081 2014-08-29
ITGE20140082 2014-08-29

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EP2990741A1 EP2990741A1 (fr) 2016-03-02
EP2990741B1 true EP2990741B1 (fr) 2017-11-22

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108036549A (zh) * 2017-12-31 2018-05-15 青岛科创蓝新能源股份有限公司 一种冷水相变能取热装置及其系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2683356A (en) * 1952-11-10 1954-07-13 Francis Wm Taylor Method and apparatus for producing laminated sheets of ice, including automatic controlled cycling means
GB1097932A (en) 1965-03-16 1968-01-03 Netzschkau Maschf Nema Apparatus for cooling and freezing liquids, particularly for the production of smallgranular ice particles
US5329780A (en) * 1988-11-14 1994-07-19 Broad Research Ice making method and apparatus
US5632159A (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-05-27 North Star Ice Equipment Corporation Cooling disk for flake ice machine
WO2004025197A1 (fr) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 FLAGA ICE v/JENSEN, Brian Appareil de production de glace en flocons
JP2006084162A (ja) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-30 Toyota Motor Corp 人工雪製造方法および装置
US8132424B2 (en) 2008-09-17 2012-03-13 Integrated Marine Systems, Inc. Ice machines with extruded heat exchanger

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Title
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