EP2986365B1 - Conditioner, paddle rail and method for mixing - Google Patents
Conditioner, paddle rail and method for mixing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2986365B1 EP2986365B1 EP14718585.4A EP14718585A EP2986365B1 EP 2986365 B1 EP2986365 B1 EP 2986365B1 EP 14718585 A EP14718585 A EP 14718585A EP 2986365 B1 EP2986365 B1 EP 2986365B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paddle
- mixer shaft
- conditioner
- rotation
- mixer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100040287 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710185324 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014366 other mixer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
- B01F27/1125—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades with vanes or blades extending parallel or oblique to the stirrer axis
- B01F27/11251—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades with vanes or blades extending parallel or oblique to the stirrer axis having holes in the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/09—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle
- B01F27/091—Stirrers characterised by the mounting of the stirrers with respect to the receptacle with elements co-operating with receptacle wall or bottom, e.g. for scraping the receptacle wall
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
- B01F27/1125—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades with vanes or blades extending parallel or oblique to the stirrer axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/21—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by their rotating shafts
- B01F27/2123—Shafts with both stirring means and feeding or discharging means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
- B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/33—Transmissions; Means for modifying the speed or direction of rotation
- B01F35/333—Transmissions; Means for modifying the speed or direction of rotation the rotation sense being changeable, e.g. to mix or aerate, to move a fluid forward or backward or to suck or blow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
- B01F35/752—Discharge mechanisms with arrangements for converting the mechanism from mixing to discharging, e.g. by either guiding a mixture back into a receptacle or discharging it
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for mixing, a conditioner and a paddle rail according to the independent claims.
- a mixer which consists essentially of a cylindrical housing and has an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end.
- a mixer shaft is arranged in the cylindrical housing and has a plurality of paddles for mixing the product introduced into the mixer.
- the mixer shaft is operated with the outlet closed in an initial phase of operation in such a way that the material to be mixed accumulates in the area of the closed outlet.
- the mixer shaft is operated in the opposite direction, so that the material to be mixed is again mixed, conditioned and conveyed towards the inlet.
- the mixer shaft is driven again in the transport direction and the outlet is opened.
- Such a method is problematic because the increased back pressure cannot ensure that the entire material is mixed and conditioned evenly becomes.
- the mixer and the material to be mixed are undesirably loaded with pressure.
- the U.S. 5,580,170 A describes a mixer with a mixer shaft with paddles that are wedge-shaped in cross section.
- the paddles are arranged in such a way that when the mixer shaft rotates, depending on the paddle type, the product is conveyed in the direction of the outlet or the inlet, which is intended to promote mixing.
- JP 2004 129519 A discloses a conditioner and a method for mixing a product to be conditioned in a conditioner, comprising the steps of partially filling the conditioner with the product rotating a mixer shaft of the conditioner in a first direction of rotation, so that at least one paddle arranged on the mixer shaft essentially no conveying of the product in the initial area in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft, - rotating the mixer shaft in a second direction of rotation so that the at least one paddle causes the product to be conveyed in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft, the product being conveyed by the conditioner above the Initial area adjacent section of the conditioner is conveyed to the outlet of the conditioner.
- a method for mixing and a conditioner should be made available, which enable a loss-free start-up, i.e. that the disposal or recycling of the product becomes unnecessary when the mixer is started up.
- mixer is understood to mean both a mixer for mixing different materials and a conditioner.
- a paddle for a mixer comprises a flat element with a work surface and a rear surface. When used as intended, the paddle is arranged essentially on a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of a mixer shaft.
- the paddle has a fastening means for fastening the paddle to the mixer shaft.
- the working surface is inclined by a working angle on one side and the rear surface by a back angle on the other side of the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the mixer shaft. The back angle is smaller than the working angle.
- the back angle of the back surface is smaller than the working angle of the work surface ensures that when the paddle or mixer shaft is turned in the direction of the converging work and back surface, a material to be mixed is not only mixed by the paddle but also by the work surface away further to an outlet.
- the inclination of the working surface to the rear surface enables the paddle to have a cutting edge on its front edge in the direction of rotation, which can be moved with little force through the material to be mixed.
- the back angle of the back surface can be equal to the working angle of the work surface. This is particularly advantageous if an alignment of the paddle is adjustable so that the back angle or working angle can be changed.
- the work surface and / or the rear surface can also be designed as a curved surface.
- the corresponding working angle and back angle are then understood to be the angle between the vertical plane and an imaginary line through the end points of the corresponding surface in a cross section of the paddle. The same applies to a paddle, which is formed from a folded sheet metal.
- the back angle can be greater than or equal to 0 °, preferably exactly 0 °. Because the back angle is greater than or equal to 0 °, when the mixer shaft rotates backwards, the product to be mixed is essentially not conveyed backwards, but only mixed.
- a backward rotation is understood here and in the following to mean a rotation in which the paddle does not move in the direction of the cutting edge but in the opposite direction. Accordingly, when starting a mixer, for example, the mixer shaft can initially be rotated backwards so that the material filled into the mixer is only mixed and, if necessary, conditioned, but not conveyed in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft.
- the sum of the working angle and the back angle can be between 4 ° and 50 °, preferably between 6 ° and 30 °, particularly preferably between 7 ° and 15 °. It has been shown that such an angle between the working surface and the rear surface represents an optimum both for conveying the product to be mixed and for mixing, in particular when the mixer shaft is rotated backwards.
- the paddle can have a cutting edge or a cutting surface which, when used as intended, extends from an area adjacent to the mixer shaft to an essentially outermost dimension of the paddle.
- a cutting edge is understood to mean that edge at which the working surface and the rear surface intersect. Such a cutting edge does not necessarily have to be sharp-edged but can also have a certain radius or be truncated so that a cutting surface is formed. It is also conceivable that the cutting edge, or possibly the cutting surface, in the area of the paddle, which is close to the mixer shaft, is made wider or narrower than in the area of the outermost dimension of the paddle. The fact that the cutting edge or cutting surface extends to the outermost dimension of the paddle ensures that the paddle can be guided through the material to be mixed with as little effort as possible.
- a mixing surface can lie opposite the cutting edge which, when used as intended, extends from an area adjacent to the mixer shaft to an essentially outermost dimension of the paddle.
- Such a mixing surface brings about an optimal mixing of the material to be mixed, especially when the mixer shaft rotates backwards.
- Such a mixing surface has increased resistance when the mixer shaft is rotated backwards when passing through the material to be mixed, on the other hand it enables optimal mixing.
- the cutting edge and / or the mixing surface can be arranged essentially radially with respect to an axis of rotation of the mixer shaft. Such a radial alignment of the cutting edge and / or the mixing surface ensures that the working surface in the outermost end of the paddle is made wider and accordingly develops a greater conveying effect and / or mixing effect.
- the mixing surface with the rear surface can include a mixing angle between 40 ° and 86 °, preferably between 60 ° and 84 °, particularly preferably between 75 ° and 83 °.
- a mixing surface which has a slight inclination with respect to an axis of rotation of a mixing shaft, reduces the resistance when the paddle is guided through the product to be mixed when the mixer shaft rotates backwards.
- the paddle can be formed from a square profile with a welded sheet metal angled in a V-shape in cross section.
- the tip of the V-shaped plate forms the cutting edge, while the mixing surface is formed by a surface of the square profile opposite the cutting edge.
- two sheet metal plates can alternatively be connected to one another at an angle. The advantage here is that standard components can be used.
- the paddle can be designed as a simple guide plate, which, however, is rotatably mounted so that the working angle and back angle can be adjusted. In this way, depending on the direction of rotation, the paddle can be aligned in such a way that conveyance and / or mixing takes place.
- the paddle from a flexible material and to arrange it in such a way that the paddle is essentially rigid when it is moved in the direction of rotation and causes conveyance, while when it is turned backwards the paddle is flexible and deformed by the product to be mixed and consequently no promotion but only a mixture.
- Such a mode of operation can also be achieved in that, instead of the flexible material, the paddle is articulated to the mixer shaft in such a way that it is held in a working position by the product to be mixed when it moves in the direction of rotation and causes a conveyance, while with a Reverse rotation the paddle is swiveled out of the working position by the product to be mixed and consequently no conveyance but only a mixture effects.
- the articulation can take place radially, tangentially or in any orientation with respect to the mixer shaft. It can also be provided that stop elements are present which limit the pivoting movement of the paddle, the limitation being more preferably adjustable.
- paddles made of a rubber-like material can be used here, which function like a dough scraper.
- the paddle can also at least partially consist of articulated or rotatably mounted elements in the manner of a blind, which are adjusted in their position depending on the direction of rotation in order to effect a conveyance or mixing.
- the paddle can furthermore have at least partially pneumatically or hydraulically actuated areas which enable the working angle and / or the back angle to be changed.
- the paddle can also be formed entirely from an inflatable element.
- the paddle can have an opening extending from the working surface to the rear surface. Such an opening through the work or rear surface allows the product to be mixed to flow through, so that optimal mixing takes place.
- the paddle can alternatively be formed from two elongated elements which are arranged radially on the mixer shaft and with one another at their end remote from the shaft arc-shaped connecting element are connected.
- the connecting element can also serve as a stripper.
- the opening can also be provided with rotatable and / or foldable elements, which open the opening only in a certain direction of rotation (direction of rotation or reverse rotation).
- the paddle can also be formed as a brush, i.e. from a plurality of bristles or bristle-like elements, preferably arranged radially with respect to the mixer shaft.
- a paddle rail for a mixer comprises a paddle holder and one or more paddles as described above. Such a paddle rail allows a simple assembly of several paddles at the same time on a mixer shaft of a mixer.
- the paddle holder can have receiving positions for receiving the fastening means of the paddles.
- Such receiving positions are, for example, simple bores into which a correspondingly configured fastening means of the paddle can be inserted.
- the paddles are welded in the paddle holder.
- the fastening is ensured by means of a press fit or by means of a screw connection.
- the paddle rail can have a plurality of fastening means for fastening the paddle rail to a mixer shaft.
- the paddle rail can be screwed onto the mixer shaft.
- the fastening means would preferably be through bores through which the paddle rail can be fastened to the mixer shaft by means of a corresponding screw.
- the paddle rail engages in corresponding latching hooks of the mixer shaft and is only secured with a securing means, for example in the form of a pin or a screw.
- a simple detachable fastening allows in particular a quick replacement of worn paddle rails or worn paddles.
- different paddle rails can be used depending on the product to be mixed and can be exchanged quickly.
- the paddle holder is preferably designed as a profile with a U-shaped cross section and is dimensioned in such a way that two paddle holders can encompass the mixer shaft.
- the mixer shaft can have a substantially square cross-section. Both paddle holders, when connected to one another, also form an essentially quadrangular profile arrangement with an interior, the dimensions of which essentially correspond to the outer dimensions of the mixer shaft.
- the mixer shaft can be designed, for example, as a spline or spline shaft. A frictional connection with the mixer shaft is also conceivable.
- a stripper for stripping a material to be mixed when used as intended can be arranged from a housing wall of a mixer.
- different strippers can be used so that a distance between the stripper and the housing wall of the mixer can be individually adjusted.
- the wiper can have the shape of a ring segment.
- the stripper can each have a connecting means at its ends, which are arranged in the direction of rotation when used as intended, with which the stripper of a paddle with the Stripper of a following and / or preceding paddle in the direction of rotation can be connected. Because the strippers of the individual paddles can be connected to one another, the strippers can be designed in a correspondingly filigree manner without, however, losing the required stability.
- the strippers can be designed as a separate component for retrofitting and, in particular, have connecting means which simultaneously serve both to connect the strippers to the paddle and to connect the strippers to one another. This creates a more cost-effective and easily retrofittable alternative.
- a mixer shaft of a mixer has a plurality of paddles or a plurality of paddle rails, as described above, at least in a starting area of the mixer shaft. Accordingly, such a mixer shaft is suitable for simultaneously conveying and mixing the product to be mixed in one direction of rotation, while the mixer shaft merely mixes the product to be mixed in the other direction of rotation.
- the paddles which are arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation when used as intended, can be connected to one another by means of straps.
- Such strippers serve, on the one hand, to strip off any material adhering to the housing wall of the mixer and, on the other hand, the strippers increase the stability of the individual paddles and the strippers with one another.
- the stripper can alternatively be designed as a wire rope which is fastened or guided along the mixer shaft in corresponding receiving sections of the paddles. This also creates a simpler and cheaper variant for forming a stripper.
- the pitch (pitch) of the helical structure which is formed by the interconnected strippers, can be selected as required. It is thus conceivable, for example, that not every paddle arranged in the direction of rotation is connected to the following or preceding paddle by means of stripes, so that a greater slope is created. Furthermore, the strippers can be connected to one another in such a way that several helical structures are created.
- the helical structure prefferably has a direction of rotation opposite to the direction of rotation of the paddles. This means that paddles arranged in the direction of rotation are arranged, for example, along an imaginary right-hand helix, while the helical structure is left-hand.
- the paddles or the paddle rails can only be arranged in the starting area of the mixer shaft.
- Such a mixer shaft is accordingly equipped with different conveying and mixing means. Because the correspondingly shaped paddles are only arranged in the starting area, various mixing and conveying operations can be implemented with one and the same mixer shaft. In particular, however, it is still possible, when starting up the mixer, to keep the product to be mixed in the starting area of the mixer shaft until the required mixing is ensured.
- the paddles and the paddle rail can also be arranged as desired along the mixer shaft.
- a mixer according to the invention has a mixer shaft as described above. Such a mixer enables problem-free start-up without the product required to start up the mixer being disposed of or recycled.
- essentially no conveyance of the product is effected when the mixer shaft rotates in the first direction of rotation.
- “essentially no conveyance” means that the product remains in the area and is possibly circulated there in which the paddles are arranged.
- this does not rule out that the product is conveyed back and forth within the area, for example in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft, without, however, overall conveying of product in the direction of an outlet of the mixer and out of the area in which the paddles are arranged takes place out when the mixer shaft rotates in the first direction of rotation.
- other elements are attached to the mixer shaft which either cause no conveyance or reverse conveyance, which means conveying in the direction of the inlet of the mixer.
- the mixer can be arranged with a slope. This means, for example, that the mixer shaft is not arranged essentially horizontally but inclined slightly downwards.
- the starting area of the mixer shaft is arranged lower than an outlet area, so that when the mixer is started up, gravity is used to hold the product to be mixed in the starting area of the mixer.
- an outlet area can be arranged lower than the initial area become.
- paddles or paddle-like elements can be arranged on the inner surface of the shell of the mixer in order to further improve the mixing.
- damming means can be arranged in the mixer, which hold the product to be mixed in the starting area of the mixer shaft when starting up.
- One possible embodiment of the damming means is a pneumatic damming disk which is arranged circumferentially on the inner surface of the jacket of the mixer and can be inflated if necessary.
- a baffle plate in the manner of an iris diaphragm can also be implemented.
- the stowage means can also be arranged on the mixer shaft, for example as hinged elements which can be opened and closed like an umbrella.
- CFRP and / or GFRP carbon fiber reinforced and / or glass fiber reinforced plastics
- plastics as well as ceramic materials are possible.
- the steps of rotating in the first direction of rotation and in the second direction of rotation can be repeated several times. By changing the direction of rotation several times, it is even possible to influence the mixing or conditioning while the mixer is in operation.
- a preconditioning or premixing can be carried out upstream of the process according to the invention.
- the mixing area along the shaft can be changed by changing the orientation of the paddles.
- the mixing area can be made shorter or longer depending on the throughput.
- Another alternative or additional possibility is to mix and heat the product to be mixed with compressed air and / or steam (additionally) while the mixer shaft is stationary or rotating.
- the nozzles for introducing compressed air and / or steam can be both on the inner surface of the Shell of the mixer as well as be arranged on the mixer shaft.
- rotating nozzles which are set in rotation by the outflow of compressed air and / or steam, can be provided.
- FIGs 1a to 1c show a paddle 30. It is in Figure 1a the paddle 30 shown in a view in Figure 1b in a perspective view and in the Figure 1c in a cross section along the line AA according to Figure 1a .
- the paddle 30 is essentially a flat element which is wedge-shaped.
- the paddle 30 On the side leading in the direction of rotation R, the paddle 30 has a cutting edge 37 which, however, in the embodiment shown is ground to form a cutting surface.
- This cutting edge 37 is formed as the intersection of the working surface 33 and the rear surface 34, which are at an angle to one another.
- a mixing surface 38 is formed on the side lying opposite the cutting edge 37, that is to say in the opposite direction of rotation R '.
- the paddle 30 further has a through opening 35 between the working surface 33 and the rear surface 34.
- the paddle 30 has a fastening means 32 in the form of a pin on the side associated with a mixing shaft when used as intended.
- the side opposite the fastening means 32 is curved, the curvature of a housing wall 2 (see FIG Figure 4b ) of a mixer.
- the paddle 30 When used as intended, the paddle 30 is essentially perpendicular to an axis of rotation of a mixer shaft Located on level 13. However, the rear surface 34 is inclined to this perpendicular plane 13 and includes a rear angle 43 with its plane. The working surface 33 is also inclined with respect to the vertical plane 13 and includes a working angle 42. In this case, however, the working angle 42 is always greater than the back angle 43.
- the cutting edge 37 is not sharp, but has an average radius of approximately 2 mm. This radius can be adjusted depending on the planned application. Alternatively, instead of a radius, a sharp cutting edge 37 or a truncated cutting edge 37 can also be formed with a cutting surface.
- the mixing surface 38 lying opposite the cutting edge 37 protrudes from the rear surface 34 at a mixing angle 39.
- all surfaces namely the work surface 33, the rear surface 34 and the mixing surface 38 can also be designed as curved surfaces.
- the corresponding angles, working angles 42, back angles 43 and mixing angles 39 are then to be defined by means of an imaginary straight line through the end points of the corresponding surfaces.
- both the cutting edge 37 and the mixing surface 38 extend from a mixer shaft 10 (see FIG Figures 3a and 3b ) to the outermost dimension of the paddle 30.
- this outer dimension of the paddle 30 extends essentially to an inside of a housing wall 2 (see FIG Figure 4b ). It goes without saying that there is always a certain gap between the housing wall 2 and the paddle 30 in the order of magnitude of 1 mm to 10 mm.
- the Figure 1e shows a paddle 30 which is formed from a single, folded sheet metal 52.
- the imaginary work surface 33 and rear surface 34 are represented by the dashed two-dot line, which each extend from the corresponding edge of the mixing surface 38 to the cutting edge.
- the other components correspond to those of Figures 1a to 1c .
- a paddle 30 which consists of a paddle frame 54, to which a paddle flap 55, which is part of the work surface 33, is articulated by means of a hinge 56.
- the paddle frame 54 and the paddle flap 55 are arranged on a mixer shaft in such a way that the paddle flap 55 remains closed in the direction of rotation R due to the pressure generated by the product on the paddle flap 55.
- the product exerts a pressure on the invisible rear surface of the paddle 30, which causes the paddle flap 55 to open so that the product is not conveyed.
- there may be means for holding the paddle flap 55 in the closed position for example magnets, which only allow the paddle flap to open when a pressure threshold value that can be determined has been reached allow.
- Means for closing the paddle flap 55 for example a spring, can also be present, which support the closing of the paddle flap 55.
- the entire paddle can be hinged to the mixer shaft and its movement limited by stop elements, the position of the stop elements preferably being adjustable.
- the Figure 1j shows a paddle 30, in which the working angle can be adjusted by means of a pneumatic element 57. Alternatively, the back angle can be adjusted in a similar manner. It is also conceivable that both the working angle 42 and the rear angle 43 or the alignment of the paddle 30 are adjustable.
- FIG. 2a shows a view Figure 2b a perspective view and Figure 2c a side view of the paddle rail 20.
- the paddle rail 20 comprises a paddle holder 21, on the three wedge-shaped paddles 30 in the illustrated embodiment, as above Figures 1a to 1c described, are arranged.
- the paddle holder 21 has four fastening means 23 designed as bores, by means of which the paddle rail 20 is attached, for example, to a mixer shaft 10 (see FIG Figure 3a ) can be attached.
- a stripper 40 is arranged on each of the three paddles 30, each of which is designed with a connecting means 41 at both ends.
- the stripper 40 is on the rear surface 34 (see Figure 1c ) attached to the paddle 30.
- the strippers 40 can be designed differently depending on the application.
- the strippers 40 can also be configured differently at their ends in the area of the connecting means 41. For example, these can also be straight and only bent at an angle of approximately 90 ° in the end area.
- the paddles 30 are with their fastening means 32 (see Figure 1a ) inserted into corresponding receiving positions (not shown) of the paddle holder 21 and welded there accordingly.
- the paddles 30 are arranged such that the paddles 30, when the paddle rail 20 is used as intended, with their rear surface 34 or with the stripper 40 on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 11 of a mixer shaft 10 (see Figure 3a ) are arranged.
- Each of the paddles 30 is provided with an opening 35 which extends from the working surface 33 to the rear surface 34 (see Figures 1 ) runs.
- two paddle rails 20 are shown schematically, each comprising a paddle holder 21 and paddle 30.
- the paddle holders 21 are each designed with a substantially U-shaped cross section, are arranged around a mixer shaft 10 and are connected to one another. Frictional engagement is used to transmit the torque.
- the mixer shaft 10 can be designed as a square profile, as in FIG Figure 2e shown.
- the paddle holders 21 are designed with a corresponding cross section. In this case, the torque is transmitted by means of a form fit.
- the Figure 2f shows a paddle 30 with two strippers 40, which are connected to one another and to the paddle 30 by means of connecting means 41. Only one connecting means 41 is therefore necessary in order to fasten the strippers 40 to the paddle 30.
- FIG. 3a and 3b a view of a mixer shaft 10 or a perspective view of the mixer shaft 10 is shown.
- a plurality of paddles 30 are arranged on the mixer shaft 10. These paddles 30 are located in a starting area 12 of the mixer shaft 10 This starting area 12 is also provided with further mixing paddles 14, which have different designs.
- the paddles 30 are each connected to one another with the corresponding strippers 40.
- the individual paddles 30 are each arranged on a paddle holder 21.
- the paddles 30, the strippers 40 and the paddle holder 21 together form a paddle rail 20, which can easily be exchanged if necessary.
- the mixer shaft 10 rotates about the axis of rotation 11.
- the Figures 4a and 4b show a mixer 1 according to the invention, the Figure 4a a view and the Figure 4b shows a perspective view of the mixer 1 with an open housing wall 2.
- the mixer 1 has an inlet 15 and an outlet 16.
- the mixer shaft 10 arranged in the interior of the mixer 1 is provided with wedge-shaped paddles 30, as described above. These wedge-shaped paddles 30 ensure that in a direction of rotation R (see Figure 1a ) the product filled into the mixer 1 is mixed and conveyed, while the product is merely mixed when the mixer shaft 10 rotates in the opposite direction R '.
- the individual paddles 30 are each connected to one another via strippers 40.
- the paddles 30 are each arranged on a paddle holder 21.
- the strippers 40 have connecting means 41 at their ends, which enable the connection to a subsequent stripper 40.
- the wedge-shaped paddles 30 are on the side opposite to the direction of rotation R (see Figure 1a ) have a mixing surface 38, while a cutting edge 37 is arranged on the other side.
- Such a mixer 1 can now, for example, at least partially when starting up with a product to be mixed via the inlet 15 be filled.
- the mixer shaft 10 can then be rotated in such a way that the mixing surfaces 38 of the paddles 30 mix the product to be mixed. Only when the product to be mixed has reached the desired consistency, for example by adding steam and / or by heating, can the direction of rotation of the mixer shaft 10 be changed so that the individual paddles 30 with their work surface 33 mix the product to be mixed and at the same time in Promote direction to outlet 16. If necessary, the direction of rotation of the mixer shaft 10 can be changed again if the product to be mixed and conditioned does not yet meet the required conditions.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Mischen, einen Konditionierer und eine Paddelschiene gemäss den unabhängigen Ansprüchen.The present invention relates to a method for mixing, a conditioner and a paddle rail according to the independent claims.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Mischer bekannt, welche insbesondere in der Futtermittelverarbeitung eingesetzt werden.Various mixers are known from the prior art, which are used in particular in feed processing.
Beispielsweise offenbart
Ein solches Verfahren ist insofern problematisch, da durch den erhöhten Staudruck nicht sichergestellt werden kann, dass das gesamte Material gleichmässig durchmischt und konditioniert wird. Ausserdem werden der Mischer und das zu vermischende Material in unerwünschter Weise mit Druck belastet.Such a method is problematic because the increased back pressure cannot ensure that the entire material is mixed and conditioned evenly becomes. In addition, the mixer and the material to be mixed are undesirably loaded with pressure.
Andere Mischer aus dem Stand der Technik werden einfach gestartet, wobei das Produkt zunächst ungenügend durchmischt und/oder konditioniert wird. Die bis zur Erreichung der gewünschten Prozessbedingungen bzw. -eigenschaften benötigte Menge an Produkt wird dabei üblicherweise entsorgt oder rezykliert.Other mixers from the prior art are simply started, the product initially being insufficiently mixed and / or conditioned. The amount of product required to achieve the desired process conditions or properties is usually disposed of or recycled.
Die
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu überwinden. Insbesondere soll ein Verfahren zum Mischen und ein Konditionierer zur Verfügung gestellt werden, welche ein verlustfreies Anfahren ermöglichen, d.h., dass das Entsorgen bzw. Rezyklieren des Produktes beim Anfahren des Mischers unnötig wird.It is the object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a method for mixing and a conditioner should be made available, which enable a loss-free start-up, i.e. that the disposal or recycling of the product becomes unnecessary when the mixer is started up.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen definierten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen gelöst. Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.This object is achieved by the methods and devices defined in the independent claims. Further embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Hier und im Folgenden wird unter der Bezeichnung Mischer sowohl ein Mischer zum Mischen von unterschiedlichen Materialien als auch ein Konditionierer verstanden.Here and in the following, the term mixer is understood to mean both a mixer for mixing different materials and a conditioner.
Ein Paddel für einen Mischer umfasst ein flächiges Element mit einer Arbeitsfläche und einer Rückfläche. In bestimmungsgemässem Gebrauch ist das Paddel im Wesentlichen auf einer Ebene senkrecht zu einer Rotationsachse einer Mischerwelle angeordnet. Das Paddel weist ein Befestigungsmittel zum Befestigen des Paddels an der Mischerwelle auf. Die Arbeitsfläche ist um einen Arbeitswinkel auf die eine Seite und die Rückfläche um einen Rückwinkel auf die andere Seite der Ebene senkrecht zur Rotationsachse der Mischerwelle geneigt. Dabei ist der Rückwinkel kleiner als der Arbeitswinkel. Dadurch, dass der Rückwinkel der Rückfläche kleiner ist als der Arbeitswinkel der Arbeitsfläche, wird gewährleistet, dass bei einer Drehung des Paddels bzw. der Mischerwelle in Richtung der zulaufenden Arbeits- und Rückfläche ein zu mischendes Material vom Paddel nicht nur gemischt sondern auch von der Arbeitsfläche weg weiter zu einem Auslass gefördert wird. Die Neigung der Arbeitsfläche zur Rückfläche ermöglicht, dass das Paddel in Drehrichtung an seiner vorderen Kante eine Schneidkante aufweist, welche mit geringer Kraft durch das zu mischende Material bewegt werden kann.A paddle for a mixer comprises a flat element with a work surface and a rear surface. When used as intended, the paddle is arranged essentially on a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation of a mixer shaft. The paddle has a fastening means for fastening the paddle to the mixer shaft. The working surface is inclined by a working angle on one side and the rear surface by a back angle on the other side of the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the mixer shaft. The back angle is smaller than the working angle. The fact that the back angle of the back surface is smaller than the working angle of the work surface ensures that when the paddle or mixer shaft is turned in the direction of the converging work and back surface, a material to be mixed is not only mixed by the paddle but also by the work surface away further to an outlet. The inclination of the working surface to the rear surface enables the paddle to have a cutting edge on its front edge in the direction of rotation, which can be moved with little force through the material to be mixed.
Alternativ kann der Rückwinkel der Rückfläche gleich dem Arbeitswinkel der Arbeitsfläche sein. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn eine Ausrichtung des Paddels einstellbar ist, so dass der Rückwinkel bzw. Arbeitswinkel veränderbar sind.Alternatively, the back angle of the back surface can be equal to the working angle of the work surface. This is particularly advantageous if an alignment of the paddle is adjustable so that the back angle or working angle can be changed.
Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die Arbeitsfläche und/oder die Rückfläche auch als gewölbte Fläche ausgebildet sein können. Der entsprechende Arbeitswinkel und Rückwinkel versteht sich dann als Winkel zwischen der senkrechten Ebene und einer gedachten Linie durch die Endpunkte der entsprechenden Fläche in einem Querschnitt des Paddels. Gleiches trifft auf ein Paddel zu, welches aus einem abgekanteten Blech gebildet wird.It goes without saying that the work surface and / or the rear surface can also be designed as a curved surface. The corresponding working angle and back angle are then understood to be the angle between the vertical plane and an imaginary line through the end points of the corresponding surface in a cross section of the paddle. The same applies to a paddle, which is formed from a folded sheet metal.
Der Rückwinkel kann grösser oder gleich 0°, vorzugsweise genau 0° sein. Dadurch, dass der Rückwinkel grösser oder gleich 0° ist, wird bei einer Rückwärtsdrehung der Mischerwelle das zu mischende Produkt im Wesentlichen nicht rückwärts gefördert sondern lediglich gemischt. Unter einer Rückwärtsdrehung wird hier und im Folgenden eine Drehung verstanden, bei der sich das Paddel nicht in Richtung der Schneidkante sondern in die entgegengesetzte Richtung bewegt. Entsprechend kann beispielsweise beim Anfahren eines Mischers die Mischerwelle zunächst rückwärts gedreht werden, so dass das in den Mischer eingefüllte Material lediglich gemischt und gegebenenfalls konditioniert, nicht jedoch in eine Richtung parallel zur Mischerwelle gefördert wird. Bei einer solchen Rückwärtsdrehung der Mischerwelle wird kein Staudruck im Eingangsbereich des Mischers erzeugt und das zu mischenden Material wird entsprechend geschont. Nach Erreichen der benötigten Vermischung bzw. Konditionierung kann die Drehrichtung der Mischerwelle umgekehrt werden, das zu mischende Material wird weiter gemischt und gleichzeitig gefördert.The back angle can be greater than or equal to 0 °, preferably exactly 0 °. Because the back angle is greater than or equal to 0 °, when the mixer shaft rotates backwards, the product to be mixed is essentially not conveyed backwards, but only mixed. A backward rotation is understood here and in the following to mean a rotation in which the paddle does not move in the direction of the cutting edge but in the opposite direction. Accordingly, when starting a mixer, for example, the mixer shaft can initially be rotated backwards so that the material filled into the mixer is only mixed and, if necessary, conditioned, but not conveyed in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft. With such a backward rotation of the mixer shaft, no back pressure is generated in the inlet area of the mixer and the material to be mixed is protected accordingly. After the required mixing or conditioning has been achieved, the direction of rotation of the mixer shaft can be reversed, the material to be mixed continues to be mixed and simultaneously conveyed.
Die Summe aus Arbeitswinkel und Rückwinkel kann zwischen 4° und 50°, bevorzugt zwischen 6° und 30°, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 7° und 15° betragen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein solcher Winkel zwischen Arbeitsfläche und Rückfläche ein Optimum sowohl zur Förderung des zu mischenden Produktes als auch zum Mischen, insbesondere bei Rückwärtsdrehung der Mischerwelle, darstellt.The sum of the working angle and the back angle can be between 4 ° and 50 °, preferably between 6 ° and 30 °, particularly preferably between 7 ° and 15 °. It has been shown that such an angle between the working surface and the rear surface represents an optimum both for conveying the product to be mixed and for mixing, in particular when the mixer shaft is rotated backwards.
Das Paddel kann eine Schneidekante oder eine Schneidefläche aufweisen, welche bei bestimmungsgemässen Gebrauch ausgehend von einem der Mischerwelle benachbarten Bereich bis zu einer im Wesentlichen äussersten Abmessung des Paddels verläuft. Dabei wird unter einer Schneidekante diejenige Kante verstanden, an welcher die Arbeitsfläche und die Rückfläche sich schneiden. Eine solche Schneidekante muss nicht zwingend scharfkantig ausgestaltet sein sondern kann auch einen bestimmten Radius aufweisen oder abgestumpft sein, so dass sich eine Schneidefläche bildet. Ebenso ist es denkbar, dass die Schneidekante, oder gegebenenfalls die Schneidefläche, im Bereich des Paddels, welcher nahe an der Mischerwelle liegt, breiter oder schmaler ausgestaltet ist als im Bereich der äussersten Abmessung des Paddels. Dadurch, dass die Schneidekante oder Schneidfläche bis zur äussersten Abmessung des Paddels verläuft, wird sichergestellt, dass das Paddel möglichst mit wenig Kraftaufwand durch das zu mischende Material geführt werden kann.The paddle can have a cutting edge or a cutting surface which, when used as intended, extends from an area adjacent to the mixer shaft to an essentially outermost dimension of the paddle. A cutting edge is understood to mean that edge at which the working surface and the rear surface intersect. Such a cutting edge does not necessarily have to be sharp-edged but can also have a certain radius or be truncated so that a cutting surface is formed. It is also conceivable that the cutting edge, or possibly the cutting surface, in the area of the paddle, which is close to the mixer shaft, is made wider or narrower than in the area of the outermost dimension of the paddle. The fact that the cutting edge or cutting surface extends to the outermost dimension of the paddle ensures that the paddle can be guided through the material to be mixed with as little effort as possible.
Der Schneidkante kann eine Mischfläche gegenüber liegen, welche bei bestimmungsgemässen Gebrauch ausgehend von einem der Mischerwelle benachbarten Bereich bis zu einer im Wesentlichen äussersten Abmessung des Paddels verläuft. Eine solche Mischfläche bewirkt insbesondere bei einer Rückwärtsdrehung der Mischerwelle ein optimales Vermischen des zu mischenden Materials. Zwar weist eine solche Mischfläche bei Rückwärtsdrehung der Mischerwelle einen erhöhten Widerstand beim Durchschreiten durch das zu vermischende Material auf, ermöglicht jedoch andererseits eine optimale Vermischung.A mixing surface can lie opposite the cutting edge which, when used as intended, extends from an area adjacent to the mixer shaft to an essentially outermost dimension of the paddle. Such a mixing surface brings about an optimal mixing of the material to be mixed, especially when the mixer shaft rotates backwards. Although such a mixing surface has increased resistance when the mixer shaft is rotated backwards when passing through the material to be mixed, on the other hand it enables optimal mixing.
Die Schneidkante und/oder die Mischfläche können bei bestimmungsgemässen Gebrauch zu einer Rotationsachse der Mischerwelle im Wesentlichen radial angeordnet sein. Eine solche radiale Ausrichtung der Schneidkante und/oder der Mischfläche stellt sicher, dass die Arbeitsfläche im äussersten Ende des Paddels breiter ausgestaltet ist und entsprechend eine grössere Förderwirkung und/oder Mischwirkung entfaltet.When used as intended, the cutting edge and / or the mixing surface can be arranged essentially radially with respect to an axis of rotation of the mixer shaft. Such a radial alignment of the cutting edge and / or the mixing surface ensures that the working surface in the outermost end of the paddle is made wider and accordingly develops a greater conveying effect and / or mixing effect.
Die Mischfläche kann mit der Rückfläche einen Mischwinkel zwischen 40° und 86°, bevorzugt zwischen 60° und 84°, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 75° und 83° einschliessen. Eine solche Mischfläche, welche eine leichte Neigung gegenüber einer Rotationsachse einer Mischwelle aufweist, reduziert den Widerstand, wenn das Paddel bei Rückwärtsrotation der Mischerwelle durch das zu vermischende Produkt geführt wird.The mixing surface with the rear surface can include a mixing angle between 40 ° and 86 °, preferably between 60 ° and 84 °, particularly preferably between 75 ° and 83 °. Such a mixing surface, which has a slight inclination with respect to an axis of rotation of a mixing shaft, reduces the resistance when the paddle is guided through the product to be mixed when the mixer shaft rotates backwards.
Das Paddel kann aus einem Vierkantprofil mit einem angeschweissten, im Querschnitt v-förmig angewinkelten Blech gebildet werden. Die Spitze des v-förmigen Bleches bildet die Schneidkante, während die Mischfläche von einer der Schneidkante gegenüberliegenden Fläche des Vierkantprofils gebildet wird. Statt des angewinkelten Bleches können alternativ zwei Blechplatten in einem Winkel zueinander miteinander verbunden werden. Vorteilhaft ist dabei, dass auf Standardbauteile zurückgegriffen werden kann.The paddle can be formed from a square profile with a welded sheet metal angled in a V-shape in cross section. The tip of the V-shaped plate forms the cutting edge, while the mixing surface is formed by a surface of the square profile opposite the cutting edge. Instead of the angled sheet metal, two sheet metal plates can alternatively be connected to one another at an angle. The advantage here is that standard components can be used.
Alternativ kann das Paddel als einfaches Leitblech ausgebildet sein, welches jedoch drehbar gelagert ist, so dass Arbeitswinkel und Rückwinkel einstellbar sind. Damit kann das Paddel, je nach Rotationsrichtung, derart ausgerichtet werden, dass eine Förderung und/oder eine Mischung stattfindet.Alternatively, the paddle can be designed as a simple guide plate, which, however, is rotatably mounted so that the working angle and back angle can be adjusted. In this way, depending on the direction of rotation, the paddle can be aligned in such a way that conveyance and / or mixing takes place.
Als weitere Alternative ist es möglich, das Paddel aus einem flexiblen Material zu gestalten und derart anzuordnen, dass das Paddel bei Bewegung in Drehrichtung im Wesentlichen starr ist und eine Förderung bewirkt, während bei einer Rückwärtsdrehung das Paddel nachgiebig ist und durch das zu mischende Produkt verformt wird und folglich keine Förderung sondern nur eine Mischung bewirkt.As a further alternative, it is possible to design the paddle from a flexible material and to arrange it in such a way that the paddle is essentially rigid when it is moved in the direction of rotation and causes conveyance, while when it is turned backwards the paddle is flexible and deformed by the product to be mixed and consequently no promotion but only a mixture.
Eine solche Funktionsweise kann auch dadurch erreicht werden, indem statt des flexiblen Materials das Paddel derart an der Mischerwelle angelenkt wird, dass dieses bei Bewegung in Drehrichtung durch das zu mischende Produkt in einer Arbeitsstellung gehalten wird und eine Förderung bewirkt, während bei einer Rückwärtsdrehung das Paddel durch das zu mischende Produkt aus der Arbeitsstellung heraus geschwenkt wird und folglich keine Förderung sondern nur eine Mischung bewirkt. Die Anlenkung kann radial, tangential oder in beliebiger Orientierung bezüglich der Mischerwelle erfolgen. Auch kann vorgesehen sein, dass Anschlagelemente vorhanden sind, welche die Schwenkbewegung des Paddels begrenzen, wobei die Begrenzung weiter bevorzugt einstellbar ist.Such a mode of operation can also be achieved in that, instead of the flexible material, the paddle is articulated to the mixer shaft in such a way that it is held in a working position by the product to be mixed when it moves in the direction of rotation and causes a conveyance, while with a Reverse rotation the paddle is swiveled out of the working position by the product to be mixed and consequently no conveyance but only a mixture effects. The articulation can take place radially, tangentially or in any orientation with respect to the mixer shaft. It can also be provided that stop elements are present which limit the pivoting movement of the paddle, the limitation being more preferably adjustable.
Beispielsweise können hier Paddel aus einem gummiartigen Material Anwendung finden, welche nach Art eines Teigschabers funktionieren.For example, paddles made of a rubber-like material can be used here, which function like a dough scraper.
Das Paddel kann auch zumindest bereichsweise aus angelenkten oder drehbar gelagerten Elementen nach Art einer Jalousie bestehen, welche je nach Rotationsrichtung in ihrer Position eingestellt werden, um eine Förderung oder Mischung zu bewirken.The paddle can also at least partially consist of articulated or rotatably mounted elements in the manner of a blind, which are adjusted in their position depending on the direction of rotation in order to effect a conveyance or mixing.
Das Paddel kann ferner zur Einstellung der gewünschten Wirkung in Rotationsrichtung zumindest teilweise pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betätigbare Bereiche aufweisen, welche eine Änderung des Arbeitswinkels und/oder des Rückwinkels ermöglichen. Das Paddel kann auch insgesamt aus einem aufblasbaren Element ausgebildet sein.In order to set the desired effect in the direction of rotation, the paddle can furthermore have at least partially pneumatically or hydraulically actuated areas which enable the working angle and / or the back angle to be changed. The paddle can also be formed entirely from an inflatable element.
Das Paddel kann eine von der Arbeitsfläche zur Rückfläche durchgehende Öffnung aufweisen. Eine solche Öffnung durch die Arbeits- bzw. Rückfläche erlaubt ein Durchströmen des zu vermischenden Produkts, so dass ein optimales Vermischen erfolgt.The paddle can have an opening extending from the working surface to the rear surface. Such an opening through the work or rear surface allows the product to be mixed to flow through, so that optimal mixing takes place.
Das Paddel kann alternativ aus zwei länglichen Elementen gebildet werden, welche radial auf der Mischerwelle angeordnet werden und an ihrem der Welle abgewandten Ende miteinander mit einem bogenförmigen Verbindungselement verbunden sind. Das Verbindungselement kann gleichzeitig als Einstreifer dienen.The paddle can alternatively be formed from two elongated elements which are arranged radially on the mixer shaft and with one another at their end remote from the shaft arc-shaped connecting element are connected. The connecting element can also serve as a stripper.
Wie oben bereits bezüglich des Paddels beschrieben, kann die Öffnung auch mit drehbaren und/oder klappbaren Elementen versehen werden, welche die Öffnung nur bei bestimmter Rotationsrichtung (Drehrichtung oder Rückwärtsdrehung) freigeben.As already described above with regard to the paddle, the opening can also be provided with rotatable and / or foldable elements, which open the opening only in a certain direction of rotation (direction of rotation or reverse rotation).
Das Paddel kann auch als Bürste, d.h. aus einer Mehrzahl von vorzugsweise radial bezüglich der Mischerwelle angeordneten Borsten oder borstenähnlichen Elementen gebildet werden.The paddle can also be formed as a brush, i.e. from a plurality of bristles or bristle-like elements, preferably arranged radially with respect to the mixer shaft.
Eine Paddelschiene für einen Mischer umfasst einen Paddelhalter und ein oder mehrere Paddel wie vorgängig beschrieben. Eine solche Paddelschiene erlaubt eine einfache Montage mehrerer Paddel gleichzeitig auf einer Mischerwelle eines Mischers.A paddle rail for a mixer comprises a paddle holder and one or more paddles as described above. Such a paddle rail allows a simple assembly of several paddles at the same time on a mixer shaft of a mixer.
Der Paddelhalter kann Aufnahmepositionen zum Aufnehmen der Befestigungsmittel der Paddel aufweisen. Solche Aufnahmepositionen sind beispielsweise einfache Bohrungen, in welche ein entsprechend ausgestaltetes Befestigungsmittels des Paddels eingesteckt werden kann. Beispielsweise werden die Paddel im Paddelhalter verschweisst. Alternativ ist es auch denkbar, dass die Befestigung mittels Presspassung oder mittels einer Schraubverbindung gewährleistet wird.The paddle holder can have receiving positions for receiving the fastening means of the paddles. Such receiving positions are, for example, simple bores into which a correspondingly configured fastening means of the paddle can be inserted. For example, the paddles are welded in the paddle holder. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the fastening is ensured by means of a press fit or by means of a screw connection.
Die Paddelschiene kann mehrere Befestigungsmittel zum Befestigen der Paddelschiene an einer Mischerwelle aufweisen. Beispielsweise kann die Paddelschiene auf die Mischerwelle geschraubt werden. Die Befestigungsmittel wären bei einer solchen Befestigungsart vorzugsweise Durchgangsbohrungen, durch welche die Paddelschiene mittels einer entsprechenden Schraube an der Mischerwelle befestigt werden kann. Alternativ ist es jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Paddelschiene in entsprechende Rasthaken der Mischerwelle einrastet und lediglich mit einem Sicherungsmittel beispielsweise in Form eines Stiftes oder einer Schraube gesichert wird. Eine einfache lösbare Befestigung erlaubt insbesondere ein schnelles Auswechseln abgenutzter Paddelschienen bzw. abgenutzter Paddel. Ausserdem können unterschiedliche Paddelschienen je nach zu vermischendem Produkt eingesetzt und entsprechend schnell ausgetauscht werden.The paddle rail can have a plurality of fastening means for fastening the paddle rail to a mixer shaft. For example, the paddle rail can be screwed onto the mixer shaft. With such a type of fastening, the fastening means would preferably be through bores through which the paddle rail can be fastened to the mixer shaft by means of a corresponding screw. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable that the paddle rail engages in corresponding latching hooks of the mixer shaft and is only secured with a securing means, for example in the form of a pin or a screw. A simple detachable fastening allows in particular a quick replacement of worn paddle rails or worn paddles. In addition, different paddle rails can be used depending on the product to be mixed and can be exchanged quickly.
Der Paddelhalter ist bevorzugt als im Querschnitt u-förmiges Profil ausgebildet und derart dimensioniert, dass jeweils zwei Paddelhalter die Mischerwelle umgreifen können. Zur besseren Übertragung des Drehmoments kann die Mischerwelle im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen viereckig ausgebildet sein. Beide Paddelhalter bilden, wenn miteinander verbunden, ebenfalls eine im Wesentlichen viereckige Profilanordnung mit einem Innenraum aus, dessen Abmessung im Wesentlich den äusseren Abmessungen der Mischerwelle entspricht. Alternativ kann die Mischerwelle z.B. als Keiloder Zahnwelle ausgebildet sein. Eine reibschlüssige Verbindung mit der Mischerwelle ist ebenso denkbar.The paddle holder is preferably designed as a profile with a U-shaped cross section and is dimensioned in such a way that two paddle holders can encompass the mixer shaft. For better transmission of the torque, the mixer shaft can have a substantially square cross-section. Both paddle holders, when connected to one another, also form an essentially quadrangular profile arrangement with an interior, the dimensions of which essentially correspond to the outer dimensions of the mixer shaft. Alternatively, the mixer shaft can be designed, for example, as a spline or spline shaft. A frictional connection with the mixer shaft is also conceivable.
An der Arbeitsfläche oder an der Rückfläche der Paddel kann je ein Einstreifer zum Abstreifen eines bei bestimmungsgemässen Gebrauch zu mischenden Materials von einer Gehäusewand eines Mischers angeordnet sein. Je nach zu vermischendem Produkt können unterschiedliche Einstreifer verwendet werden, so dass ein Abstand zwischen Einstreifer und Gehäusewand des Mischers individuell angepasst werden kann.On the work surface or on the rear surface of the paddles, a stripper for stripping a material to be mixed when used as intended can be arranged from a housing wall of a mixer. Depending on the product to be mixed, different strippers can be used so that a distance between the stripper and the housing wall of the mixer can be individually adjusted.
Der Einstreifer kann die Form eines Ringsegmentes aufweisen. Der Einstreifer kann an seinen bei bestimmungsgemässem Gebrauch in Rotationsrichtung angeordneten Enden je ein Verbindungsmittel aufweisen, mit welchem der Einstreifer eines Paddels mit dem Einstreifer eines in Rotationsrichtung nachfolgenden und/oder vorausgehenden Paddels verbindbar ist. Dadurch, dass die Einstreifer der einzelnen Paddel untereinander verbindbar sind, können die Einstreifer entsprechend filigran ausgestaltet werden, ohne jedoch die benötigte Stabilität zu verlieren.The wiper can have the shape of a ring segment. The stripper can each have a connecting means at its ends, which are arranged in the direction of rotation when used as intended, with which the stripper of a paddle with the Stripper of a following and / or preceding paddle in the direction of rotation can be connected. Because the strippers of the individual paddles can be connected to one another, the strippers can be designed in a correspondingly filigree manner without, however, losing the required stability.
Alternativ können die Einstreifer als getrenntes Bauteil zur Nachrüstung ausgebildet sein und insbesondere Verbindungsmittel aufweisen, welche gleichzeitig sowohl zur Verbindung der Einstreifer mit dem Paddel als auch zur Verbindung der Einstreifer miteinander dienen. Damit wird eine kostengünstigere und einfach nachrüstbare Alternative geschaffen.Alternatively, the strippers can be designed as a separate component for retrofitting and, in particular, have connecting means which simultaneously serve both to connect the strippers to the paddle and to connect the strippers to one another. This creates a more cost-effective and easily retrofittable alternative.
Eine Mischerwelle eines Mischers weist zumindest in einem Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle mehrere Paddel oder mehrere Paddelschienen wie vorgängig beschrieben auf. Entsprechend ist eine solche Mischerwelle geeignet, in der einen Drehrichtung das zu mischende Produkt gleichzeitig zu fördern und zu mischen, während die Mischerwelle in der anderen Drehrichtung das zu mischende Produkt lediglich vermischt.A mixer shaft of a mixer has a plurality of paddles or a plurality of paddle rails, as described above, at least in a starting area of the mixer shaft. Accordingly, such a mixer shaft is suitable for simultaneously conveying and mixing the product to be mixed in one direction of rotation, while the mixer shaft merely mixes the product to be mixed in the other direction of rotation.
Die bei bestimmungsgemässem Gebrauch in Rotationsrichtung nacheinander angeordneten Paddel können mittels Einstreifern untereinander verbunden sein. Solche Einstreifer dienen einerseits dem Abstreifen eines an der Gehäusewand des Mischers anhaftenden Materials und andererseits erhöhen die Einstreifer die Stabilität der einzelnen Paddel sowie der Einstreifer untereinander.The paddles, which are arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation when used as intended, can be connected to one another by means of straps. Such strippers serve, on the one hand, to strip off any material adhering to the housing wall of the mixer and, on the other hand, the strippers increase the stability of the individual paddles and the strippers with one another.
Der Einstreifer kann alternativ als Drahtseil ausgebildet werden, welches entlang der Mischerwelle in entsprechenden Aufnahmeabschnitten der Paddel befestigt oder geführt ist. Auch damit wird eine einfachere und günstigere Variante zur Ausbildung eines Einstreifers geschaffen.The stripper can alternatively be designed as a wire rope which is fastened or guided along the mixer shaft in corresponding receiving sections of the paddles. This also creates a simpler and cheaper variant for forming a stripper.
Die Steigung (Ganghöhe) der schraubenlinienförmigen Struktur, welche von den miteinander verbundenen Einstreifern gebildet wird, kann je nach Anforderung gewählt werden. So ist es beispielsweise denkbar, dass nicht jedes in Rotationsrichtung angeordnete Paddel mittels Einstreifern mit dem nachfolgenden bzw. vorausgehenden Paddel verbunden wird, so dass eine grössere Steigung entsteht. Ferner können die Einstreifer derart miteinander verbunden werden, dass mehrere schraubenlinienförmige Strukturen entstehen.The pitch (pitch) of the helical structure, which is formed by the interconnected strippers, can be selected as required. It is thus conceivable, for example, that not every paddle arranged in the direction of rotation is connected to the following or preceding paddle by means of stripes, so that a greater slope is created. Furthermore, the strippers can be connected to one another in such a way that several helical structures are created.
Auch ist es möglich, dass die schraubenlinienförmige Struktur eine der Drehrichtung der Paddel entgegengesetzte Drehrichtung aufweist. Das bedeutet, dass in Rotationsrichtung angeordnete Paddel z.B. entlang einer gedachten rechtsdrehenden Schraubenlinie angeordnet sind während die schraubenlinienförmige Struktur linksdrehend ist.It is also possible for the helical structure to have a direction of rotation opposite to the direction of rotation of the paddles. This means that paddles arranged in the direction of rotation are arranged, for example, along an imaginary right-hand helix, while the helical structure is left-hand.
Die Paddel oder die Paddelschienen können ausschliesslich im Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle angeordnet sein. Eine solche Mischerwelle ist entsprechend mit unterschiedlichen Förder- und Mischmitteln bestückt. Dadurch, dass lediglich im Anfangsbereich die entsprechend ausgeformten Paddel angeordnet sind, können verschiedene Misch- und Förderoperationen mit ein und derselben Mischerwelle realisiert werden. Insbesondere ist es aber weiterhin möglich, beim Anfahren des Mischers das zu vermischende Produkt bis zur Sicherstellung der benötigen Vermischung im Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle zu halten.The paddles or the paddle rails can only be arranged in the starting area of the mixer shaft. Such a mixer shaft is accordingly equipped with different conveying and mixing means. Because the correspondingly shaped paddles are only arranged in the starting area, various mixing and conveying operations can be implemented with one and the same mixer shaft. In particular, however, it is still possible, when starting up the mixer, to keep the product to be mixed in the starting area of the mixer shaft until the required mixing is ensured.
Die Paddel und die Paddelschiene können jedoch auch beliebig entlang der Mischerwelle angeordnet werden.However, the paddles and the paddle rail can also be arranged as desired along the mixer shaft.
Ein erfindungsgemässer Mischer weist eine Mischerwelle wie vorgängig beschrieben auf. Ein solcher Mischer ermöglicht ein problemloses Anfahren, ohne dass das zum Anfahren des Mischers benötigte Produkt entsorgt bzw. rezykliert wird.A mixer according to the invention has a mixer shaft as described above. Such a mixer enables problem-free start-up without the product required to start up the mixer being disposed of or recycled.
Insbesondere wird in dem Bereich des Mischers, in welchem die Paddel angeordnet sind, einem Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle, im Wesentlichen keine Förderung des Produktes bewirkt, wenn die Mischerwelle sich in der ersten Rotationsrichtung dreht. Mit "im Wesentlichen keine Förderung" wird im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung verstanden, dass das Produkt in dem Bereich verweilt und dort ggf. umgewälzt wird, in welchem die Paddel angeordnet sind. Das schliesst jedoch nicht aus, dass innerhalb des Bereiches das Produkt beispielsweise in eine Richtung parallel zur Mischerwelle hin und her gefördert wird, ohne dass jedoch insgesamt eine Förderung von Produkt in Richtung eines Auslasses des Mischers und aus dem Bereich, in welchem die Paddel angeordnet sind, heraus stattfindet, wenn die Mischerwelle sich in der ersten Rotationsrichtung dreht. Zusätzlich sind in einem dem Bereich benachbarten Abschnitt des Mischers andere Elemente an der Mischerwelle angebracht, welche entweder keine Förderung oder eine Rückwärtsförderung, damit ist eine Förderung in Richtung des Einlasses des Mischers gemeint, bewirken.In particular, in the region of the mixer in which the paddles are arranged, an initial region of the mixer shaft, essentially no conveyance of the product is effected when the mixer shaft rotates in the first direction of rotation. In the context of the present invention, “essentially no conveyance” means that the product remains in the area and is possibly circulated there in which the paddles are arranged. However, this does not rule out that the product is conveyed back and forth within the area, for example in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft, without, however, overall conveying of product in the direction of an outlet of the mixer and out of the area in which the paddles are arranged takes place out when the mixer shaft rotates in the first direction of rotation. In addition, in a section of the mixer adjacent to the area, other elements are attached to the mixer shaft which either cause no conveyance or reverse conveyance, which means conveying in the direction of the inlet of the mixer.
Zur Verbesserung der Vermischung und Konditionierung beim Anfahren kann der Mischer mit einem Gefälle angeordnet werden. Das bedeutet beispielsweise, dass die Mischerwelle nicht im Wesentlichen horizontal sondern leicht nach unten geneigt angeordnet ist. Dabei ist der Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle niedriger als ein Auslassbereich angeordnet, so dass beim Anfahren des Mischers die Schwerkraft zum Halten des zu vermischenden Produkts im Anfangsbereich des Mischers verwendet wird. Umgekehrt kann ein Auslassbereich niedriger als der Anfangsbereich angeordnet werden. Durch Rückwärtsdrehung der Mischerwelle wird das zu vermischende Produkt "nach oben" in Richtung des Einlasses gefördert und fällt jedoch durch Schwerkrafteinwirkung zurück in Richtung Auslass. Bevorzugt ist die Neigung des Mischers einstellbar, so dass z.B. nach dem Anfahren der Mischer wieder horizontal ausgerichtet wird.To improve mixing and conditioning when starting up, the mixer can be arranged with a slope. This means, for example, that the mixer shaft is not arranged essentially horizontally but inclined slightly downwards. The starting area of the mixer shaft is arranged lower than an outlet area, so that when the mixer is started up, gravity is used to hold the product to be mixed in the starting area of the mixer. Conversely, an outlet area can be arranged lower than the initial area become. By rotating the mixer shaft backwards, the product to be mixed is conveyed "upwards" in the direction of the inlet, but falls back in the direction of the outlet due to the action of gravity. The inclination of the mixer is preferably adjustable so that, for example, the mixer is again aligned horizontally after it has been started up.
Zusätzlich können Paddel oder paddelähnliche Elemente an der Innenfläche des Mantels des Mischers angeordnet werden, um das Vermischen weiter zu verbessern.
Weiter bevorzugt können Staumittel im Mischer angeordnet werden, welche das zu vermischende Produkt im Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle beim Anfahren halten. Eine mögliche Ausgestaltung der Staumittel ist eine pneumatische Stauscheibe, welche umfanglich an der Innenfläche des Mantels des Mischers angeordnet ist und bei Bedarf aufgeblasen werden kann. Auch kann eine Stauscheibe nach Art einer Irisblende realisiert werden.In addition, paddles or paddle-like elements can be arranged on the inner surface of the shell of the mixer in order to further improve the mixing.
More preferably, damming means can be arranged in the mixer, which hold the product to be mixed in the starting area of the mixer shaft when starting up. One possible embodiment of the damming means is a pneumatic damming disk which is arranged circumferentially on the inner surface of the jacket of the mixer and can be inflated if necessary. A baffle plate in the manner of an iris diaphragm can also be implemented.
Die Staumittel können auch an der Mischerwelle angeordnet werden, zu Beispiel als aufklappbare Elemente, welche nach Art eines Regenschirmes geöffnet und geschlossen werden können.The stowage means can also be arranged on the mixer shaft, for example as hinged elements which can be opened and closed like an umbrella.
Im Allgemeinen kommen als Materialien für den Mischer, nebst den üblichen Metallwerkstoffen auch carbonfaserverstärkte und/oder glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK und/oder GFK) und/oder Kunststoffe sowie keramische Werkstoffe in Frage.In general, as materials for the mixer, in addition to the usual metal materials, carbon fiber reinforced and / or glass fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP and / or GFRP) and / or plastics as well as ceramic materials are possible.
Ein erfindungsgemässes Verfahren zum Mischen eines zu konditionierenden Produktes in einem Mischer wie vorgängig beschrieben umfasst die Schritte
- Befüllen des Mischers mit einem zu konditionierenden Produkt,
- Rotieren der Mischerwelle in einer ersten Rotationsrichtung, so dass die Paddel im Wesentlichen keine Förderung des Materials in Richtung parallel zur Mischerwelle bewirken,
- Rotieren der Mischerwelle in einer zweiten Rotationsrichtung, so dass die Paddel eine Förderung des Materials in Richtung parallel zur Mischerwelle bewirken.
- Filling the mixer with a product to be conditioned,
- Rotating the mixer shaft in a first direction of rotation so that the paddles essentially do not convey the material in the direction parallel to the mixer shaft,
- Rotating the mixer shaft in a second direction of rotation, so that the paddles cause the material to be conveyed in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft.
Wie bereits beschrieben, ermöglicht ein solches Verfahren insbesondere beim Anfahren eines Mischers, dass das zu vermischende Material vermischt und konditioniert wird und erst beim Erreichen der benötigten Vermischung bzw. Konditionierung durch den Mischer zum Auslass des Mischers gefördert wird.As already described, such a method makes it possible, particularly when starting up a mixer, that the material to be mixed is mixed and conditioned and is only conveyed to the mixer outlet when the required mixing or conditioning is achieved.
Die Schritte Rotieren in erster Rotationsrichtung und in zweiter Rotationsrichtung können mehrmals wiederholt werden. Durch den mehrmaligen Wechsel der Rotationsrichtung kann sogar während dem Betrieb des Mischers noch Einfluss auf die Vermischung bzw. Konditionierung genommen werden.The steps of rotating in the first direction of rotation and in the second direction of rotation can be repeated several times. By changing the direction of rotation several times, it is even possible to influence the mixing or conditioning while the mixer is in operation.
Eine Vorkonditionierung bzw. Vormischung kann dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren vorgeschaltet werden.A preconditioning or premixing can be carried out upstream of the process according to the invention.
Wenn bewegliche Paddel Anwendung finden, kann der Mischbereich entlang der Welle durch Änderung der Ausrichtung der Paddel geändert werden. Beispielsweise kann der Mischbereich je nach Durchsatz kürzer oder länger gestaltet werden.If movable paddles are used, the mixing area along the shaft can be changed by changing the orientation of the paddles. For example, the mixing area can be made shorter or longer depending on the throughput.
Eine weitere alternative oder ergänzende Möglichkeit besteht darin, das zu vermischende Produkt bei stehender oder sich drehender Mischerwelle mit Druckluft und/oder Dampf (zusätzlich) zu vermischen und zu erwärmen. Dabei können die Düsen zum Einbringen von Druckluft und/oder Dampf sowohl an der Innenfläche des Mantels des Mischers als auch auf der Mischerwelle angeordnet werden.Another alternative or additional possibility is to mix and heat the product to be mixed with compressed air and / or steam (additionally) while the mixer shaft is stationary or rotating. The nozzles for introducing compressed air and / or steam can be both on the inner surface of the Shell of the mixer as well as be arranged on the mixer shaft.
Zur Verbesserung der Vermischung können rotierende Düsen, welche durch den Ausfluss von Druckluft und/oder Dampf in Drehung versetzt werden, vorhanden sein.To improve the mixing, rotating nozzles, which are set in rotation by the outflow of compressed air and / or steam, can be provided.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zum Halten und Vermischen des zu vermischenden Materials in einem Anfangsbereich der Mischerwelle besteht darin, die Düsen derart zu orientieren, dass ein Gegenstrom von Druckluft und/oder Dampf zur eigentlichen Förderrichtung erzeugt wird. Anhand von Figuren, welche lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellen, wird die Erfindung im Folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1a:
- eine Ansicht auf ein Paddel,
- Figur 1b:
- eine perspektivische Ansicht auf das Paddel gemäss
Figur 1a , - Figur 1c:
- einen Querschnitt durch das Paddel gemäss
Figur 1a entlang der Linie A-A, - Figur 1d:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Paddels,
- Figur 1e:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform eines Paddels,
- Figur 1f:
- einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine vierte Ausführungsform eines Paddels bei Rotation in Drehrichtung,
- Figur 1g:
- einen schematischen Querschnitt des Paddels der
Figur 1f bei Rückwärtsdrehung, - Figur 1h:
- eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer fünften Ausführungsform eines Paddels mit geschlossener Paddelklappe,
- Figur 1i:
- das Paddel der
Figur 1h mit geöffneter Paddelklappe, - Figur 1j:
- einen Querschnitt durch eine sechste Ausführungsform eines Paddels,
- Figur 2a:
- eine Ansicht auf eine Paddelschiene,
- Figur 2b:
- eine perspektivische Ansicht auf die Paddelschiene gemäss
Figur 2a , - Figur 2c:
- eine Seitenansicht auf die Paddelschiene gemäss
Figur 2a , - Figur 2d:
- einen schematischen Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Paddelschiene,
- Figur 2e:
- einen schematischen Querschnitt einer dritten Ausführungsform einer Paddelschiene,
- Figur 2f:
- eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Paddels mit daran befestigten Einstreifern,
- Figur 3a:
- eine Ansicht auf eine Mischerwelle,
- Figur 3b:
- eine perspektivische Ansicht auf die Mischerwelle gemäss
Figur 3a , - Figur 4a:
- eine Ansicht auf einen erfindungsgemässen Mischer, und
- Figur 4b:
- eine perspektivische Ansicht auf den Mischer gemäss
Figur 4a .
- Figure 1a:
- a view of a paddle,
- Figure 1b:
- a perspective view of the paddle according to
Figure 1a , - Figure 1c:
- a cross section through the paddle according to
Figure 1a along the line AA, - Figure 1d:
- a cross section through a second embodiment of a paddle,
- Figure 1e:
- a cross section through a third embodiment of a paddle,
- Figure 1f:
- a schematic cross section through a fourth embodiment of a paddle when rotating in the direction of rotation,
- Figure 1g:
- a schematic cross section of the paddle of FIG
Figure 1f when turning backwards, - Figure 1h:
- a schematic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a paddle with a closed paddle flap,
- Figure 1i:
- the paddle of the
Figure 1h with open paddle flap, - Figure 1j:
- a cross section through a sixth embodiment of a paddle,
- Figure 2a:
- a view of a paddle rail,
- Figure 2b:
- a perspective view of the paddle rail according to
Figure 2a , - Figure 2c:
- a side view of the paddle rail according to
Figure 2a , - Figure 2d:
- a schematic cross section of a further embodiment of a paddle rail,
- Figure 2e:
- a schematic cross section of a third embodiment of a paddle rail,
- Figure 2f:
- a schematic side view of a paddle with attached strippers,
- Figure 3a:
- a view of a mixer shaft,
- Figure 3b:
- a perspective view of the mixer shaft according to
Figure 3a , - Figure 4a:
- a view of a mixer according to the invention, and
- Figure 4b:
- a perspective view of the mixer according to
Figure 4a .
Auf der in Rotationsrichtung R vorauseilenden Seite weist das Paddel 30 eine Schneidkante 37 auf, welche jedoch in der dargestellten Ausführungsform zu einer Schneidfläche abgeschliffen ist. Diese Schneidkante 37 wird als Schnittlinie der Arbeitsfläche 33 und der Rückfläche 34, welche in einem Winkel zueinander stehen, gebildet. Auf der der Schneidkante 37 gegenüber liegenden Seite, also in entgegengesetzter Rotationsrichtung R', ist eine Mischfläche 38 ausgebildet.On the side leading in the direction of rotation R, the
Das Paddel 30 weist weiter eine durchgehende Öffnung 35 zwischen der Arbeitsfläche 33 und der Rückfläche 34 auf. Ausserdem weist das Paddel 30 auf der bei bestimmungsgemässen Gebrauch einer Mischwelle zugeordneten Seite ein Befestigungsmittel 32 in Form eines Zapfens auf. Die dem Befestigungsmittel 32 gegenüber liegende Seite ist gewölbt ausgestaltet, wobei die Wölbung einer Gehäusewand 2 (siehe
Im bestimmungsgemässen Gebrauch ist das Paddel 30 im Wesentlichen auf einer Rotationsachse einer Mischerwelle senkrecht stehenden Ebene 13 angeordnet. Die Rückfläche 34 ist jedoch zu dieser senkrechten Ebene 13 geneigt und schliesst mit ihrer Ebene einen Rückwinkel 43 ein. Die Arbeitsfläche 33 ist ebenfalls gegenüber der senkrechten Ebene 13 geneigt und schliesst einen Arbeitswinkel 42 ein. Dabei ist jedoch der Arbeitswinkel 42 stets grösser als der Rückwinkel 43.When used as intended, the
Die Schneidkante 37 ist nicht scharf ausgebildet, sondern weist im Mittel einen Radius von ca. 2 mm auf. Dieser Radius kann je nach geplanter Anwendung angepasst werden. Alternativ kann anstelle eines Radius auch eine scharfe Schneidkante 37 oder eine abgestumpfte Schneidkante 37 mit einer Schneidfläche ausgebildet sein. Die der Schneidkante 37 gegenüber liegende Mischfläche 38 steht in einem Mischwinkel 39 von der Rückfläche 34 ab.The
Es versteht sich von selbst, dass alle Flächen, namentlich die Arbeitsfläche 33, die Rückfläche 34 und die Mischfläche 38 auch als gewölbte Flächen ausgebildet sein können. Die entsprechenden Winkel, Arbeitswinkel 42, Rückwinkel 43 und Mischwinkel 39 sind dann mittels einer gedachten Geraden durch die Endpunkte der entsprechenden Flächen zu definieren.It goes without saying that all surfaces, namely the
Sowohl die Schneidkante 37 als auch die Mischfläche 38 erstrecken sich bei bestimmungsgemässem Gebrauch ausgehend von einer Mischerwelle 10 (siehe
In der
Die
In den
In den
Alternativ kann das gesamte Paddel an der Mischerwelle angelenkt und mit Anschlagelementen in der Bewegung begrenzt werden, wobei die Position der Anschlagelemente bevorzugt einstellbar ist.Alternatively, the entire paddle can be hinged to the mixer shaft and its movement limited by stop elements, the position of the stop elements preferably being adjustable.
Die
In den
In der
Alternativ kann die Mischerwelle 10 als Vierkantprofil ausgebildet sein, wie in
Die
In den
Die
Ein solcher Mischer 1 kann nun beispielsweise beim Anfahren mit einem zu mischenden Produkt über den Einlass 15 zumindest teilweise befüllt werden. Anschliessend kann die Mischerwelle 10 derart rotiert werden, dass die Mischflächen 38 der Paddel 30 das zu vermischende Produkt mischen. Erst wenn das zu vermischende Produkt die gewünschte Konsistenz, beispielsweise durch Beschicken mit Dampf und/oder durch Erwärmen erreicht hat, kann die Rotationsrichtung der Mischerwelle 10 geändert werden, so dass die einzelnen Paddel 30 mit ihrer Arbeitsfläche 33 das zu mischende Produkt mischen und gleichzeitig in Richtung zum Auslass 16 fördern. Nötigenfalls kann die Rotationsrichtung der Mischerwelle 10 nochmals geändert werden, falls das zu vermischende und zu konditionierende Produkt noch nicht die erforderlichen Bedingungen erfüllt.Such a
Claims (14)
- Method for mixing a product to be conditioned in a conditioner (1), comprising the following steps:- partially filling the conditioner (1) with the product,- rotating a mixer shaft (10) of the conditioner (1) in a first direction of rotation (R') such that at least one paddle (30), which is arranged on the mixer shaft (10) only in an initial region (12) of the mixer shaft (10), substantially brings about no conveying of the product in the initial region (12) in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft (10), wherein the product is held in the initial region (12) of the mixer shaft (10), and wherein, in a portion of the conditioner that is adjacent to the initial region, other elements are arranged on the mixer shaft that bring about either no conveying or bring about backward conveying of the product, wherein the paddle (30) comprises a planar element with a working surface (33) and a back surface (34), which element, during intended use, is positioned substantially on a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation (11) of the mixer shaft (10) and has a fastening means (32) for fastening the paddle (30) to the mixer shaft (10), wherein the working surface (33) is inclined by a working angle (42) on the one side, and the back surface (34) is inclined by a back angle (43) on the other side of the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (11) of the mixer shaft (10), wherein the back angle (43) is less than the working angle (42),- rotating the mixer shaft (10) in a second direction of rotation (R) such that the at least one paddle (30) brings about conveying of the product in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft (10), wherein the product is conveyed through the conditioner (1) via the portion of the conditioner (1) that is adjacent to the initial region (12) to the outlet of the conditioner (1) .
- Method according to Claim 1, wherein the steps of rotating in a first direction of rotation (R') and in a second direction of rotation (R) are repeated multiple times.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein, before or during the step of rotating in a first direction of rotation (R'), the product is mixed by means of compressed air and/or steam.
- Conditioner (1), in particular for carrying out a method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, having at least one mixer shaft (10), on which:- at least one paddle (30) or at least one paddle rail (20) with the at least one paddle (30) is arranged only in an initial region (12) of the mixer shaft (10), wherein the paddle (30) comprises a planar element having a working surface (33) and a back surface (34), which element, during intended use, is positioned substantially on a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation (11) of the mixer shaft (10) and has a fastening means (32) for fastening the paddle (30) to the mixer shaft (10) or to the paddle rail (20), wherein the working surface (33) is inclined by a working angle (42) on the one side, and the back surface (34) is inclined by a back angle (43) on the other side of the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (11) of the mixer shaft (10), wherein the back angle (43) is less than the working angle (42), and- other elements are mounted in a portion of the conditioner (1) that is adjacent to the initial region, wherein the conditioner (1), the mixer shaft (10), the at least one paddle (30) and/or the paddle rail (20) are/is configured in such a way that:- during rotation of the mixer shaft (10) in a first direction of rotation (R'), substantially no conveying of a product to be conditioned and situated in the conditioner (1) in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft (10) is brought about within the initial region (12) of the mixer shaft (10), wherein the other elements bring about either no conveying or bring about backward conveying of the product, and that- during rotation of the mixer shaft (10) in a second direction of rotation (R), conveying of the product within the initial region (12) of the mixer shaft (10) in a direction parallel to the mixer shaft (10) is brought about.
- Conditioner (1) according to Claim 4, wherein an inclination of the conditioner is adjustable.
- Conditioner (1) according to Claim 4, wherein the sum of working angle (42) and back angle (43) is between 4° and 50°, preferably between 6° and 30°, particularly preferably between 7° and 15°.
- Conditioner (1) according to Claim 4 or 6, wherein the paddle (30) has a cutting edge (37) or cutting surface which is opposite in particular to a mixing surface (38) and which, during intended use, extends starting from a region adjacent to the mixer shaft (10) as far as a substantially outermost dimension of the paddle (30), wherein the cutting edge or cutting surface (37) and/or the mixing surface (38) is arranged substantially radially to a mixer shaft (10) during intended use.
- Conditioner (1) according to Claim 7, wherein the mixing surface (38) encloses with the back surface (34) a mixing angle (39) of between 40° and 86°, preferably between 60° and 84°, particularly preferably between 75° and 83°.
- Conditioner (1) according to one of Claims 4 or 6 to 8 having a paddle rail (20) comprising a paddle holder (21) and the at least one paddle (30) or a plurality of the paddles (30).
- Conditioner (1) according to Claim 9, wherein the working surface (33) or the back surface (34) of the paddle (30) each has arranged thereon a scrapper (40) for stripping the product to be mixed during intended use from a housing wall (2) of the conditioner (1).
- Conditioner (1) according to Claim 4, wherein a working angle (42) and/or back angle (43) of at least one paddle (30) arranged on the mixer shaft (10) are/is variable.
- Paddle rail (20) for a conditioner (1) according to Claim 4, comprising a paddle holder (21) and one or more paddles (30) arranged on the paddle holder (21), wherein the paddle (30) comprises a planar element with a working surface (33) and a back surface (34), which element, during the intended use, can be arranged substantially on a plane perpendicular to an axis of rotation (11) of the mixer shaft (10) and has a fastening means (32) for fastening the paddle (30) to the paddle holder (21), wherein the working surface (33) is inclined by a working angle (42) on the one side, and the back surface (34) is inclined by a back angle (43) on the other side of the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (11) of the mixer shaft (10), wherein the back angle (43) is less than the working angle (42), wherein the working surface (33) or the back surface (34) of the paddle (30) each has arranged thereon a scrapper (40) for stripping the product to be mixed during intended use from a housing wall (2) of a conditioner (1), wherein the scrapper (40) has, at each of its ends arranged during intended use in the direction of rotation (R), a connecting means (41) with which the scrapper (40) of a paddle (30) can be connected to the scrapper (40') of a paddle (30') which follows it and/or precedes it in the direction of rotation.
- Mixer shaft (10) for a conditioner (1) according to Claim 4, wherein paddles (30) or paddle rails (20) according to Claim 12 are arranged only in the initial region (12).
- Mixer shaft (10) according to Claim 13, wherein a plurality of paddles (30) which are in particular arranged in succession in the direction of rotation (R) during intended use are connected to one another by means of scrappers (40).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14718585.4A EP2986365B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Conditioner, paddle rail and method for mixing |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13164024 | 2013-04-17 | ||
EP14718585.4A EP2986365B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Conditioner, paddle rail and method for mixing |
PCT/EP2014/057936 WO2014170450A1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Paddle, paddle rail, mixer shaft for a mixer, mixer and a method for mixing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2986365A1 EP2986365A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
EP2986365B1 true EP2986365B1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
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EP14718585.4A Active EP2986365B1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Conditioner, paddle rail and method for mixing |
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US (1) | US10343125B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2986365B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105307761B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015026394B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2986365T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2864898T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014170450A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102015219088A1 (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-06 | Krones Ag | Device for mixing material flakes and mixing element |
FR3051316B1 (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2018-10-19 | Seb S.A. | MIXING BLADE FOR ANIMAL FEED PREPARATION APPARATUS |
TWM549657U (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-10-01 | de-yong Zhang | Organic fertilizer mixing device |
TWI732532B (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2021-07-01 | 美商應用材料股份有限公司 | Reactor for coating particles in stationary chamber with rotating paddles |
KR102099155B1 (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-05-22 | 대구환경공단 | Stabilization device for fly ash |
CN112675761B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-04-26 | 营口理工学院 | Preparation facilities based on marine Q235 steel form anticorrosive coating |
US11890587B2 (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2024-02-06 | Seattle Food Tech, Inc. | Bidirectional fluted auger |
BR202022009891U2 (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-23 | Silmo Lourenco De Avila | CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT IN ARTICULATED SPADES APPLIED TO TIPPING MIXING EQUIPMENT |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5580170A (en) | 1995-10-06 | 1996-12-03 | Ferro-Tech, Inc. | Mixing and conditioning machine |
JP2002143666A (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Mixer and method for controlling mixer |
JP2004129519A (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Noritomi Tekkosho:Kk | Apparatus for producing fermented material containing useful microorganism group |
US7195440B2 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2007-03-27 | Lambert Charles F | Agricultural silo auger system apparatus and method |
NL2000633C2 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2008-11-10 | Pelleting Technology Nederland | Mixing device. |
EP2206549B1 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2015-05-20 | Shin Nichinan CO., LTD | Kneading apparatus |
RU2581087C2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2016-04-10 | Зульцер Микспэк Аг | Dynamic mixer |
-
2014
- 2014-04-17 US US14/784,801 patent/US10343125B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-17 CN CN201480034326.4A patent/CN105307761B/en active Active
- 2014-04-17 BR BR112015026394-1A patent/BR112015026394B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-04-17 DK DK14718585.4T patent/DK2986365T3/en active
- 2014-04-17 EP EP14718585.4A patent/EP2986365B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-17 ES ES14718585T patent/ES2864898T3/en active Active
- 2014-04-17 WO PCT/EP2014/057936 patent/WO2014170450A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN105307761A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
DK2986365T3 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
WO2014170450A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
BR112015026394B1 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
US10343125B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
CN105307761B (en) | 2018-01-02 |
ES2864898T3 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
US20160166997A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
EP2986365A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
BR112015026394A2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
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