EP2981686A1 - Energiewandler-system und baugruppen hierfür - Google Patents
Energiewandler-system und baugruppen hierfürInfo
- Publication number
- EP2981686A1 EP2981686A1 EP14714714.4A EP14714714A EP2981686A1 EP 2981686 A1 EP2981686 A1 EP 2981686A1 EP 14714714 A EP14714714 A EP 14714714A EP 2981686 A1 EP2981686 A1 EP 2981686A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- heat
- energy
- boiler
- gas turbine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an energy converter system with an energy conversion plant providing a heat conducting fluid flow from a first fluid, and a heat transfer system in the form of a boiler connected to the energy conversion plant the fluid flow is in a heat transfer relationship. Moreover, the invention also relates to a method for providing electrical and thermal energy with an energy converter system according to the preamble of the independent claims.
- a hot water boiler is understood in particular to mean a device for heating a useful medium or useful fluid, preferably a boiler, for providing a useful medium or useful fluid, in particular a liquid, heated relative to an initial state, in particular to an ambient temperature.
- a hot water boiler Under a hot water boiler is in particular a device for heating a Nutzmediums or Nutzfluids, preferably a boiler for providing a relation to an initial state, especially an ambient temperature strongly heated, preferably heated to near a boiling point useful or useful fluid, in particular a liquid understood.
- a hot or hot water boiler only a small portion of the useful medium or useful fluid undergoes a phase transition, in particular sublimation or evaporation. Under "a small part” is thereby in particular understood that at most an unsaturated vapor phase of the working medium or Nutzfluids arises.
- the useful medium or useful fluid in its liquid phase is provided as provided discharge fluid at a boiler outlet for subsequent use.
- a steam boiler is understood to mean, in particular, a device for heating, heating or bringing about an at least partial phase transition of a useful medium, in particular a fluid, preferably a liquid.
- a partial phase transition means, in particular, liquefaction, evaporation and / or sublimation of parts of the useful medium.
- a preferred working fluid or useful fluid may be water, ammonia, thermal oil, suitable hydrocarbons or another suitable medium which undergoes a phase transition, in particular from a liquid to a gaseous phase, in a boiler by supplying heat at a given temperature.
- Boilers of the types described above can be designed as a waste heat boiler, tubular water boiler or large-scale water boiler, whereby combined boiler with a heat recovery zone, pipe water zone and / or large-area zone can be useful.
- Under a waste heat boiler is in particular a boiler understood, which is heated by a waste heat of an upstream, heat generating unit and does not require its own heating burner. The same applies to a waste heat zone.
- a tubular water boiler is understood in particular to mean a boiler in which the useful medium or useful fluid, preferably water, is passed through a piping system in the boiler and is thereby heated or heated.
- a tubular water boiler or a pipe water zone can also be referred to as a water heater.
- a large-scale water boiler or a large area in particular a boiler or understood a zone in the boiler, in which a reservoir of working fluid or Nutzfluid, preferably water is provided, is introduced into the heat for heating.
- the heat can preferably be transferred to the useful medium or useful fluid in the reservoir by means of heat radiation and / or contact heat transfer and / or convection and / or diffusion from a heat source, for example a boiler draw or line system.
- a reservoir is understood in particular to be a volume in which the useful medium or useful fluid is predominantly stored or stored in a stationary state.
- the prior art energy converter systems for the simultaneous provision of mechanical and thermal energy are already known, which is usually a system for converting energy with a burner unit for the conversion of chemical energy into heat energy by exothermic oxidation of a fuel with an Oxi have dationffen.
- the prior art energy converter systems include a heat and power unit for converting a portion of the heat released in the energy conversion plant into mechanical energy and a heat transfer system for transferring a second portion of the released heat to a payload medium.
- the mechanical energy is often used to drive a generator for downstream conversion of the mechanical energy into electrical energy, as this can be advantageously transported over long distances and / or distributed.
- the working medium is a fluid, preferably a liquid, which is excited by the heat input from the second part of the heat released to a phase transition, in particular comes to a liquefaction, evaporation and / or sublimation of a portion of the Nutzmediums which can then be made available to downstream processes.
- Known applications of this type are motor thermal power plants with a typical 40:55 (60) split between the provided mechanical / electro-mechanical and thermal energy content in brackets without transmission losses. However, if larger amounts of thermal energy are needed, these energy converter systems reach their limits.
- Another disadvantage of the motor cogeneration units is the almost equal distribution of the thermal energy provided between an exhaust gas flow, that is, a heat-conducting gaseous fluid, and a coolant flow, that is, a heat-conducting liquid fluid.
- the usable thermal energy is thus divided into two partial flows, the thermal energy of which can not or at least not without additional measures and associated significant losses as total thermal energy of the engine cogeneration plant can be used.
- the energy converter system according to the invention with the features of the main claim has the advantage of being able to provide high thermal and mechanical power densities and / or high quality. This has the advantage of being able to make better use of available space with regard to the power to be provided, since the entire energy converter system can be made extremely compact for a given rated power.
- the inventive energy converter system includes - a system for the implementation of energy and
- energy eg chemical energy from a fossil energy source
- the plant for the implementation of energy is also a heat transfer system.
- heat is transferred to a fluid.
- the plant for the conversion of energy provides a first heat-conducting fluid flow.
- the boiler stands with the plant for the implementation of energy via the heat-conducting fluid flow in a heat transfer relationship.
- Heat is transferred from the plant to the implementation of energy to the heat transfer system.
- the plant is designed to convert energy as a gas turbine plant, preferably a micro gas turbine.
- the system in this case has a gas turbine burner whose exhaust gases for supplying and transmitting mechanical energy to a power consumer, in particular an electric generator, at least partially fed to a turbine and the exhaust gases at least partially form the heat-conducting fluid flow, in particular a first fluid.
- the heat transfer system in turn provides heat via a second fluid for subsequent use.
- the gas turbine system is designed as a partially recuperated, in particular variably partially recuperated, micro gas turbine.
- the partially recuperated micro gas turbine has a compressor for providing a prestressed oxidizing agent stream, in particular fresh air stream, and a recuperator for preheating the prestressed oxidant stream by transferring part of the heat of the exhaust gas of the micro gas turbine, in particular from the first fluid stream to the prestressed oxidant stream ,
- a flue gas temperature between 200 and 700 ° C is established.
- a partially recuperated micro gas turbine is in particular a gas turbine plant with a recuperator for transfer of waste heat of the exhaust gas to an oxidant stream understood in which the heat transfer between the exhaust gas and the oxidant stream is limited by suitable limiting means or is that in the exhaust after passing the Rekuperators a significant proportion RNutz on a usable in a heat transfer system, in particular a boiler waste heat in the form of residual heat is present.
- This residual heat is in the According to the invention system via the heat-conducting fluid flow, the first fluid supplied to the heat transfer system as a heat source or provided.
- the limiting means may be designed such that a contact and / or transfer surface, time or zone provided in the recuperator is / are defined correspondingly defined between the exhaust gas and the oxidant stream and / or means for at least partially bypassing the heat exchanger, Rekuperators or a heat transfer zone by the exhaust gas and / or the oxidant stream is / are provided.
- the energy converter system according to the invention designed in this way has the advantage that the mechanical, electrical and thermal energy provided for use by the energy converter system with fixed primary energy expenditure over a very wide range of variance in its relative distribution between the different types of energy (mechanical, electrically and thermally) can be adjusted specifically.
- a ratio between R Nu tz and RRekup can be set over a parameter range between 0:95 and 95: 0, preferably between 10:90 and 90:10, particularly preferably between 30:70 and 70:30.
- the fraction RRekup can also be called recuperation degree. He will usually reproduce in percentages.
- the degree of recuperation is between 0 and 95%, preferably it can be adjusted and / or regulated between 0 and 95%.
- such a setting can be made even after installation of the energy converter system.
- the amount of heat available in the exhaust gas for a subsequent use can be kept essentially constant even with a variable degree of recuperation, such that a mass flow of the fuel supplied to the gas turbine combustor changes Recuperation level tracked, in particular lowered with increasing degree of recuperation and raised with decreasing Rekuperationsgrad.
- the split between mechanical / electrical and thermal power supply can be variably varied between 10:85 and 40:55, preferably between 20:75 and 35:60.
- the amount of heat in the exhaust gas which can be supplied for subsequent use is set via a variable degree of recuperation, while a mass flow of the fuel fed to the gas turbine burner follows up the changed degree of recuperation, in particular increases with increasing degree of recuperation and is lowered with decreasing degree of recuperation.
- a motor CHP can be adjusted in the range of mechanical / electrical rated power of the energy converter system in particular the division between mechanical / electrical and thermal power supply between 10:15 and 10:60, preferably between 10:20 and 10:50 be varied.
- the energy converter system according to the invention with a partially recuperated micro gas turbine is thus characterized in that, as requirements for the quantities of mechanical / electrical and / or thermal energy to be provided by the energy converter system change, a recuperation rate of a nes recuperator of the gas turbine plant and / or a mass flow of a fuel of a gas turbine combustor to track or adjust the requirements.
- the thermal power can be varied even when kept in the rated power range electrical power between a 40% and a full thermal load. Preferably, this variation takes place almost continuously.
- the proposed energy converter system according to the invention also has the advantage that the useful energy in each of the types of energy in a high quality, energy density and / or usability is provided.
- the energy converter system according to the invention further comprises at least one further system for the implementation of energy, in particular a heating burner or a heat pump.
- the other system for the conversion of energy is also a heat transfer system in which heat is transferred to another, third fluid.
- the further system is in this case via a fluid flow with the heat transfer system in a heat transfer relationship.
- heat can also be transferred from the further system to the system or the heat transfer system via the third fluid.
- the further system can be transferred via the third fluid heat from the other system to the heat transfer system.
- the system for converting energy which provides the first fluid is also in a heat transfer relationship with the further system for converting energy, wherein in particular at least part of the first fluid is supplied to the further system.
- a plant for the implementation of energy is understood in particular a system, a system and / or a device which / which input side at least one energy stream, in particular a stream of chemically and / or otherwise stored energy, preferably an incoming fluid stream such.
- a fuel and / or Oxidationsmit- Telstrom receives, the energy extractable therefrom at least partially heat-forming, ie, exothermic converts, and the output side can serve as a heat source to a downstream heat consumer, in particular a heat consumer can provide a heat-conducting fluid flow.
- a heat-conducting fluid flow is understood in particular to mean a fluid which has been heated in the system for converting energy, in particular a heated fluid, and / or a flow of a vapor or at least one partially evaporating fluid.
- the input-side and output-side currents preferably have different temperature levels, more preferably an output temperature of the output-side fluid flow is greater than an input temperature of the input-side current.
- Installations of this type can be, for example, internal combustion engines, burners, in particular heating burners or gas turbine plants, but also heat pumps.
- a heat transfer system In contrast to systems for converting energy, a heat transfer system is understood to be systems, installations, devices and / or devices in which heat is transferred from a first inflowing fluid flow to a second inflowing fluid flow, so that these two fluid flows essentially only have a changed one on the output side have thermal state.
- Known heat transfer systems are flow apparatuses such as heat exchangers, boilers (without the possibly existing burner), in particular waste heat boilers, recuperators, evaporators, condensers and the like.
- a fuel flow is understood in particular to mean a flow of a combustible fluid, preferably a combustible liquid or gas, and / or a supply of a solid fuel.
- Preferred combustible liquids may be petroleum, petroleum-derived mineral oil fuels, alcohols, biofuels and / or other combustible liquids.
- Preferred gases may be natural gas, biogas, bio natural gas, landfill, sewage and / or mine gas, hydrocarbon-containing exhaust gases and / or similar gases.
- an oxidant stream is understood as meaning a supply of an oxidizing agent required for an exothermic chemical conversion of the fuel stream, in particular air or other oxygen-containing mixtures or compounds which undergo a redox reaction, particularly in the ambient conditions prevailing in the heat transfer system, in particular ambient pressure and ambient temperature react with the fuel stream with the release of heat energy.
- the output-side fluid flow of the system consists of the conversion of energy from exhaust gases of a gas turbine burner.
- the exhaust gases are characterized by a flue gas temperature of at least 200 ° C, in particular 250 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C, more preferably at least 350 ° C.
- the flue gas temperature of the exhaust gases of the plant for the implementation of energy between 250 ° C and 800 ° C, in particular between 270 ° C and 700 ° C, ideally between 350 ° C and 650 ° C.
- a mass flow of the exhaust gas between 0.2 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.3 kg / s and 2.0 kg / s, preferably between 0.4 kg / s and 1.5 kg / s, more preferably between 0.45 kg / s and 0.8 kg / s.
- the exhaust gases of the gas turbine burner to provide mechanical energy at least partially via a turbine, in particular a gas turbine, preferably a radial turbine relaxed, which converts a portion of the thermodynamic energy of the exhaust gases into a rotational energy of the turbine. This rotational energy can then be supplied to one, two or more mechanical power consumers.
- the mass flow of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine burner can be almost completely, ideally completely guided over the turbine and used to drive them.
- the invention further at least a portion of the exhaust gases, preferably all the exhaust gas of the gas turbine burner, in particular at least a portion of the already relaxed in the turbine exhaust gases as a first fluid stream from a first fluid of the input side of the heat transfer system and / or the other system for converting energy supplied or be forwarded.
- the first fluid can be mixed with the third fluid at least partially in front of the heating burner a fuel and / or oxidant stream of the heating burner and / or in the heating burner, a fuel requirement of the heating burner at a given output side heat energy flow, in particular a given or required output side, third fluid stream of the further system for the implementation of energy advantageously reduced and / or a heat energy amount of the third fluid flow can be advantageously increased.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention which has a favorable effect on fuel demand and / or fuel efficiency, results if the first fluid can be fed at least partially to a preheating heat exchanger which is responsible for heat transfer to a fuel and / or oxidant stream, in particular one Fresh air flow, is provided.
- a fuel efficiency is in particular a ratio of one of the inventive energy converter system usable total energy, in particular the sum of usable mechanical, electrical and thermal energy, based on the amount of energy substantially chemically supplied by a fuel amount understood. In other words, with identical supply of energy, we will provide more usable energy.
- "low influencing” is understood to mean a reduction of a required fuel quantity, in particular a fuel mass and / or a fuel volume.
- “Favorably influencing” is an increased release of thermal and / or mechanical energy with a constant amount of fuel in terms of fuel efficiency Understood.
- the preheating heat exchanger is provided for preheating the fuel and / or oxidant flow of the gas turbine combustor of the plant for the implementation of energy and / or the heating burner in the other plant for the implementation of energy.
- a refinement of the energy converter system according to the invention which particularly advantageously influences the fuel demand and / or the fuel efficiency can be achieved by at least parts of the first and / or third fluid having been thermally cooled by heat transfer to the second fluid in the boiler via a Return line can be supplied to the heating burner for further implementation.
- a second preheater heat exchanger which for a heat transfer to a fuel and / or oxidant stream, in particular fresh air stream is provided, can be supplied as a heat source.
- a particularly effective and efficient embodiment of the invention which at the same time is cost-effective due to the reduced system overhead, provides that the third fluid can be admixed with the first fluid after it has been heated in the boiler by the heat applied to the second fluid. meübertrag reduced in its thermal energy content, in particular was cooled. If the first and the third fluid are mixed, a mass flow recirculated via the return line and / or supplied to the preheating heat exchanger (s) can be increased. As a result, an even more extensive use of a residual energy remaining in the first and third fluid flow can be achieved for advantageously influencing the fuel requirement and / or the fuel efficiency. This is possible in particular if the two plants for the conversion of energy have mutually compatible output-side fluids, in particular exhaust gases. By “compatible with one another” is meant in particular that the exhaust gases may be mixed under environmental law and / or no or at least not in critical amounts polluting the environment and / or the plant or damage products resulting from chemical reactions or otherwise the two fluids.
- a mixer for forming an adjustable mixture of at least one of the fluid streams, in particular of the first and / or third fluid, and a fuel and / or oxidant stream, in particular a fresh air stream
- at least one parameter of the energy converter system according to the invention can leave Product, in particular the second fluid and / or an escaping emission, can be controlled adjustable or regulated.
- a pollutant content eg a CO, CO2, NO x and / or hydrocarbon content
- an emission temperature eg. CO, CO2, NO x and / or hydrocarbon content
- an emission temperature e.g., an emission temperature, a degree of saturation or the like, such as the products, in particular the second fluid and / or be understood the emission characterizing property sizes.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to a burner, in particular a heating burner or gas turbine burner, for an inventive energy converter system with a burner module with at least one fuel supply and at least one oxidant supply.
- the burner according to the invention is characterized by a mixing unit for supplying a predominantly gaseous Brennosfluids, in particular the first fluid stream or fluid of the energy converter system according to the invention from.
- the admixing unit according to the invention makes it possible to admix at least part of the auxiliary combustion fluid to the conversion or combustion process of the fuel and oxidant flow supplied to the burner such that a conversion rate of the fuel and oxidant flow, a conversion rate in and / or a temperature of the reaction resulting exhaust gas can be advantageously and inventively influenced.
- the burner according to the invention advantageously allows this by virtue of the fact that the admixing unit can be structurally integrated into the burner.
- the admixing unit can be embodied as a separate module, for example as a mixing plate, or directly into a burner flange having a burner nozzle.
- the design as a separate module favors, among other things, the construction of mixing unit and burner flange / burner module made of individually selected materials.
- the integrated structure has the advantage of simplifying the handling of the burner during final assembly and / or maintenance.
- a preferred admixing unit has a distributor channel, preferably an annular channel, and injection nozzles connected to the distributor channel for the release of a gaseous fluid present in the distributor channel in an injection direction. Furthermore, the distribution channel has at least one connection piece for the connection to a gaseous fluid-providing unit or line.
- the burner according to the invention can also be used advantageously as a burner in boiler installations, gas turbine installations or other burner-based systems known to the person skilled in the art Furnaces are used, which according to the invention is at least partially exhaust gas recirculation in the burner in common.
- the invention relates to an advantageous boiler for an inventive energy converter system.
- the boiler is in particular provided to change a second fluid by supplying heat at least with respect to a temperature state, in particular to increase a temperature state relative to an initial or ambient temperature and / or at least partially expose a phase transition, in particular the second fluid at least partially into one Steam phase or to transfer a vapor.
- An advantageous boiler in this case comprises a first conduit system for the passage of the first fluid, which is preferably at least partially formed as a first heat exchanger extending at least within a boiler room for transferring at least a portion of the heat of the first fluid to the second fluid.
- the first conduit system is expediently designed such that the first fluid, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas, a temperature, in particular a flue gas temperature of at least 200 ° C, in particular 250 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C, more preferably at least 350 ° C may have.
- the flue gas temperature of the first fluid is between 250 ° C and 800 ° C, in particular between 270 ° and 700 °, ideally between 350 and 650 ° C. It is further preferred if a mass flow of the exhaust gas between 0.2 and 3.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.3 and 2.0 kg / s, preferably between 0.4 and 1, 5 kg / s, more preferably between 0.45 and 0.8 kg / s.
- a pressure loss between an inlet-side and an outlet-side connection of the conduit system, in particular a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet of the boiler is less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, more preferably less than 2%, ideally less than 0.5%.
- an input-side pressure level can be considered as a train, in particular as a boiler train from the fluid inlet to the substantially in a boiler be formed housing opposite fluid outlet.
- the piping system has a substantially rectilinear extent through the boiler room.
- a deflection in particular a deflection chamber
- the flow direction of a fluid flowing in the conduit system from the fluid input in the deflection undergoes a change of direction, in particular almost completely reversing the direction.
- Fluid inlet and fluid outlet may be located on one side of the boiler housing in such a two-pass boiler.
- a second deflection in particular a second deflection chamber, can be provided along the flow direction in the line system, in which the fluid flowing in the line system undergoes a renewed deflection. This is called a three-pass kettle.
- the boiler according to the invention comprises a second conduit system for the passage of the third fluid, which is preferably formed at least in sections as a second heat exchanger extending at least within a boiler room for transferring at least a portion of the heat of the third fluid to the second fluid.
- the second conduit system is expediently designed such that the third fluid, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas, with a temperature, in particular a flue gas temperature between 250 ° C and 1400 ° C, preferably between 400 ° C and 1200 ° C, more preferably between 600 ° C and 900 ° C and a mass flow between 0.5 kg / s and 4.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.8 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s can be passed through the line system.
- the second conduit system is designed such that the mass flow first and third fluid can be passed through the conduit system.
- a pressure loss between an inlet-side and an outlet-side connection of the conduit system is less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, particularly preferably less than 2%, ideally less than 0.5% of an input-side pressure level.
- the second conduit system can be formed or executed in an analogous manner to the first conduit system one, two, three or more.
- both the first line system and the second line system are single-entry, the boiler equipped in this way is itself double-threaded, with the two trains then extending separately through the boiler room.
- a boiler with a single-pass first and a two-pass second line system is called a three-pass boiler - and so on.
- one of the line systems has two inputs and one output, wherein preferably the first input for the coupling of the first fluid and the second input for the coupling of the third fluid are provided.
- this line system has a one, two or more deflections, in particular deflection chambers exhibiting pipe system, wherein the first input is formed by a piece of pipe, which opens management system side in one of the deflections.
- a preferred deflection chamber has a deflecting volume delimited by a wall with an inlet and an outlet, in which at least one flow-guiding element, such as a guide plate, a spoiler lip and / or a diffuser, is arranged, which serves to flow in via the inlet Efficiently redirecting fluid flow toward the exit.
- flow-guiding element such as a guide plate, a spoiler lip and / or a diffuser
- efficiently deflecting is understood as meaning, in particular, a flow deflection which keeps the thermodynamic properties-eg temperature, heat content and / or pressure-of the fluid flow virtually constant or at least does not change substantially.
- a change in the fluid flow between the inlet and outlet of the deflection chamber is understood to mean, in particular, less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, preferably less than 1%, particularly preferably less than 0.5%, of a value of the respective property Entrance of the deflection chamber is.
- the invention relates to an advantageous gas turbine plant for generating at least a portion of the stored chemical energy in a fuel.
- the gas turbine plant comprises a generator, a compressor and a turbine driving the generator and the compressor with an exhaust gas outlet for removing an exhaust gas from the turbine.
- the gas turbine plant according to the invention is intended for use in an energy converter system according to the invention and ideally in the exhaust gas outlet a first fluid, in particular a first exhaust gas, with a flue gas temperature in the Abgasaustechnisch of at least 200 ° C, in particular 250 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C, more preferably at least 350 ° C from.
- the flue gas temperature of the first fluid is between 250 ° C and 800 ° C, in particular between 270 ° C and 700 ° C, ideally between 350 ° C and 650 ° C.
- a mass flow of the exhaust gas between 0.2 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.3 kg / s and 2.0 kg / s, preferably between 0.4 kg / s and 1.5 kg / s, more preferably between 0.45 kg / s and 0.8 kg / s.
- the gas turbine plant is designed as an already described partially recuperated micro gas turbine.
- a recuperator in which only a fraction of RRekup is transferred from heat from the exhaust gas stream to the oxidant stream, so that at least a proportion of useful heat remains in the exhaust gas stream.
- further suitable limiting means are provided or arranged on the recuperator, so that in the exhaust gas flow as well after passing through the recuperator a significant proportion RNutz is present at a usable in the heat transfer system waste heat in the form of residual heat.
- the invention relates to an advantageous method for providing electrical and thermal energy with an energy converter system comprising a gas turbine plant.
- a thermal and / or chemically stored energy of an exhaust gas stream of the gas turbine plant is at least partially fed to a boiler, to which heat is still supplied in parallel from a heating burner.
- the inventive method allows the provision of both electrical and thermal energy as high-quality useful energies, in particular with high energy density. Furthermore, it is thus possible to provide a relative proportion of the useful energies starting from the primary energy over a large ratio range that can be adjusted, controlled and / or regulated.
- the method also allows the use of different primary energy flows for the supply of the gas turbine plant on the one hand and the heating burner on the other hand, so that with a constant supply of the two primary energy flows a nearly constant release of the useful energies can be ensured.
- the exhaust gas stream of the gas turbine plant is at least partially fed to a heating system, in particular a heating burner of the heating system.
- a heating system in particular a heating burner of the heating system.
- the exhaust gas flow in particular of the gas turbine plant and / or the heating burner, in an air preheater at least partially converts its thermal energy to a fresh air flow.
- the exhaust gas flow in particular of the gas turbine plant and / or the heating burner, in an air preheater at least partially converts its thermal energy to a fresh air flow.
- Fig. 1a is a simplified circuit diagram of an inventive
- FIG. 1 b shows a circuit diagram of the energy converter system according to FIG. 1 a with a first embodiment of a gas turbine plant, in particular a micro gas turbine without recuperator;
- 1 c shows a circuit diagram of the energy converter system according to FIG. 1 a with a second embodiment of a gas turbine plant, in particular a microturbine with recuperator
- 1 d shows a circuit diagram of the energy converter system according to FIG. 1 a with a third embodiment of a gas turbine plant, in particular a micro gas turbine with at least partially bridged recuperator
- Fig. 1 e is a simplified circuit diagram of an inventive
- FIG. 1f is a simplified circuit diagram of an inventive
- FIG. 2a is a circuit diagram of an extended energy converter system according to the invention as a further variant
- Fig. 2b is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit diagram of Fig. 2a of another energy converter system according to the invention as a third embodiment
- FIG. 2c shows a circuit diagram similar to the circuit diagram of FIG. 2b of a further energy converter according to the invention.
- 3a is a circuit diagram of another energy converter system according to the invention as a fifth embodiment
- Fig. 3b is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit diagram of Fig. 3a of another energy converter system according to the invention as a sixth embodiment; 3c shows a circuit diagram of a development of an energy converter system according to FIG. 3b;
- FIG. 4a is a circuit diagram of another energy converter system according to the invention as a seventh embodiment
- Fig. 4b is a circuit diagram similar to the circuit diagram of Fig. 4a of an energy converter system according to the invention as an eighth embodiment
- Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an energy converter system according to the invention as a ninth embodiment
- Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an energy converter system according to the invention as a tenth embodiment
- FIG. 8a shows a further circuit diagram of an energy converter system according to the invention in a twelfth embodiment, wherein the first fluid flow is fed to a heating burner in an installation for converting energy;
- FIG. 8b shows an embodiment of a heating burner according to the invention for use in a system according to Fig. 8a; and
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a first further development of the inventive energy converter system of FIG. 8a as a thirteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 1a A first, circuit technology very simple embodiment of an energy converter system 1 according to the invention is shown in Fig. 1a as a circuit diagram.
- the energy converter system 1 comprises a plant for the implementation of energy 2 and a heat transfer system 4.
- the plant for the implementation of energy 2 is designed as a gas turbine plant 20 and has a fluid idausgang 21, via which the system 2 a heat energy carrying fluid, in particular a substantially gaseous fluid, preferably can release or release an exhaust or flue gas.
- a heat energy carrying fluid in particular a substantially gaseous fluid
- supply lines in particular the / the one / two input / inputs for supplying at least one fuel and / or at least one oxidizing agent for the generation of thermal energy in the system 2 by an exothermic redox reaction, in particular a combustion of fuel.
- the resulting in the exothermic redox reaction, heat carrying fluid is discharged as the first fluid stream 22 - hereinafter also synonymously referred to as the first fluid 22 - discharged via the fluid outlet 21.
- the fluid outlet 21 is connected via a line 5 to a fluid inlet 41 of the heat transfer system 4.
- the heat transfer system 4 is designed as a boiler 40 with a line system 43 for the passage of a fluid, in particular the first fluid 22.
- the line system 43 is permeable to the fluid 22 substantially only in the flow direction indicated by the arrows from the respective fluid inlet 41, 42 to fluid outlets 45, 46 or is flowed through by the fluid 22 substantially in the direction indicated by arrows flow direction.
- permeability in particular for the fluid 22 in deviating directions from the flow direction dense, in particular diffusion-tight design of the conduit system 43, ie in particular a respective dense or diffusion-tight training of walls of pipelines
- elements or devices which favor a preferred flow direction may be provided in the line system 43.
- the line system 43 in particular as a part extending inside a boiler chamber 40a, is formed at least in sections as a heat exchanger 43a or a heat exchanger element 43a i, in particular, a spiral, fan-shaped ge, plate-shaped and / or corrugated shape of a portion of the conduit system 43 understood, which provides an enlarged relative to the rest of the conduit system 43 surface.
- the enlarged surface is intended to favor a heat entrained with the fluid 22 conducted through the conduit system 43 for heat transfer to a medium or fluid, in particular working medium or useful fluid, which is in contact with the heat exchanger element 43a.
- a useful medium or useful fluid which is characterized by a suitable heat input or heat transfer by means of the heat exchanger 43a or the heat exchanger element 43a, at least partially has a phase transition of be subjected to a second phase in a first phase.
- the useful medium or useful fluid passes through sublimation and / or evaporation at least partially into a vapor phase or a vapor.
- this steam is provided and / or removed as a second fluid stream 48 or as a second fluid 48 for further use.
- the boiler 40 may be formed as a hot or hot fluid boiler, wherein a heat transfer from the first fluid 21 via the line 43, 43 a system is designed so that the Nutzmedium or Nutzfluid is not exposed to any appreciable phase transition, but only one Output temperature level exceeding the temperature level is heated or heated or should be, without this temperature level exceeds a phase transition temperature of the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluids.
- the boiler is designed, in particular, as a pressurized-fluid or pressurized-water boiler, an internal pressure in the boiler chamber can be increased or become such that the phase transition temperature can be increased to a higher temperature. is shifted.
- the first conduit system 43, 43a is expediently designed such that the first fluid 22, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas, with a temperature, in particular a flue gas temperature between 300 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 350 ° C and 700 ° C and a mass flow between 0.5 kg / s and 4.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.8 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s by the conduit system 43, 43 a can be performed.
- the line system 43, 43a is furthermore preferably designed such that a pressure drop of the fluid flow 22 between an input-side and an output-side connection 41, 45 of the line system 43, 43a is less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, particularly preferably less than 2%. , ideally less than 0.5% of an input pressure level.
- a boiler 40 according to the invention may further comprise a boiler inlet, not shown here, for supplying the useful medium or Nutzflu- ides, in particular the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluides in a first phase.
- the supply can take place at regular and / or irregular intervals and / or as a substantially permanent influx or permanent supply.
- the boiler chamber 40a has at least two volume zones, wherein in a first volume zone the useful medium or useful fluid is present substantially in its first phase and in a second volume zone the useful medium or useful fluid substantially in its second phase.
- the term "essentially in one phase” means in particular that the proportion of this phase in the total amount of ge, in particular the total mass and / or the total volume of the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluides in this volume zone of the boiler chamber 40a at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 80%.
- the fluid inlet 41 of the line system 43 with respect to the boiler space 40a in the first volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the first volume zone is arranged.
- the fluid outlet 45 can be positioned with respect to the boiler space 40a in the first or second volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the first or second volume zone, be arranged.
- a trained boiler 40 is also referred to as waste heat boiler.
- a waste heat boiler is understood in particular to mean a boiler 40, in which the heat transfer to the working fluid or useful fluid, in particular second fluid 48, essentially by thermal contact, convection and / or diffusion of the first fluid 22 flowing in the line system 43, 43a Nutzmedium or Nutzfluid takes place.
- the boiler outlet 47 is preferably in relation to the boiler room 40a in the second volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the second volume zone arranged.
- the boiler outlet is preferably arranged with respect to the boiler room 40a in the first volume zone, ie in a partial area of a boiler housing which delimits the first volume zone.
- the useful fluid is water.
- the water In the first volume zone, the water is essentially in liquid form. If the first fluid 22 of the system for converting energy 2, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas of a gas turbine plant 20, flows into the first line system 43 as first fluid 22 via at least the first fluid inlet 41, the first fluid 22 flows via the or the heat exchanger elements 43a heat to the surrounding water in the boiler room 40a.
- 1b shows the energy converter system 1 from FIG.
- the gas turbine plant according to FIG. 1b here comprises a gas turbine burner 201, a compressor 202, a turbine 203 and at least one further power consumer 204, in particular an electric generator 204a.
- the compressor 202 and the turbine 203 are arranged on a common shaft 205.
- Such a gas turbine plant 20 is also referred to below as non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a.
- the compressor 202 is supplied via an air inlet 202a, a fresh air flow 202b, which is biased in the compressor 202 to a compressor pressure.
- An advantageous compressor pressure is between 2 and 6 bar, in particular between 3 and 5 bar, preferably between 3.5 and 4.5 bar, particularly preferably at about 4 bar.
- the thus biased fresh air stream 202c is then supplied to the gas turbine combustor 201 via an oxidant feed 201a as an oxidant stream.
- a fuel supply 201 b, the gas turbine combustor 201 further fuel, preferably a liquid and / or gaseous fuel supplied.
- the fuel and the oxidizer are in an exothermic redox reaction, usually by combustion, in a smoke or exhaust gas 201 c converted.
- the resulting smoke or exhaust gas 201 c in this case preferably has a flue gas temperature between 400 and 1000 ° C, preferably between 500 and 950 ° C, more preferably from 600 to 750 ° C and preferably a relative to the compressor pressure further increased flue gas pressure.
- Via an exhaust pipe 201 d at least a portion of the smoke or exhaust gas 201 c, preferably substantially the entire smoke or exhaust gas 201 c passes to a turbine inlet 203 a.
- the smoke or exhaust gas 201 c is relaxed so that the volumetric work released thereby drives the shaft 205 to rotate.
- the expanded smoke or exhaust gas 203c is then released via a turbine outlet 203b or fed to the heat transfer system 4, 40 as the first fluid 22 of the plant for converting energy 2, 20 in the inventive energy converter system 1 according to FIG.
- a non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a has the advantage that the expanded smoke or exhaust gas 201 c at the turbine outlet 203b still a high specific thermal energy density, in particular a flue gas temperature between 400 ° C and 1000 ° C, preferably between 500 ° C and 950 ° C, more preferably from 600 ° C to 750 ° C, ideally of about 650 ° C.
- FIG. 1b corresponds to the more general example of FIG. 1a in the further construction and its functional relationships, so that reference is made to the detailed description of FIG. 1a for the further description which relates to the features of the invention described there in an analogous manner also apply to the example of FIG. 1 b, in particular to.
- FIG. 1 c shows the energy converter system 1 from FIG. 1 a with an alternative gas turbine installation 20. Identical or equivalent elements are given the same reference numerals as in the preceding FIGS. their description at this point to the description of Figures 1 a and 1 b reference is made.
- the gas turbine plant according to FIG. 1c comprises a gas turbine burner 201, a compressor 202, a turbine 203 and at least one further power consumer 204, in particular an electric generator 204a.
- the compressor 202 and the turbine 203 are arranged on a common shaft 205.
- 20b of FIG. 1 c of the compressor 202 biased fresh air flow 202c is passed through a recuperator 206 before it is supplied to the gas turbine combustor 201 via an oxidant supply 201 a as an oxidant stream.
- the recuperator 206 is a heat exchanger which transmits at least part of the heat of the expanded smoke or exhaust gas 203c of the turbine 203 to the prestressed fresh air flow 202c.
- recuperator 206 The relaxed and in the recuperator 206 partly by heat transfer to the fresh air flow 202c cooled smoke or exhaust gas 206c is then released or as a first fluid 22 of the plant for the implementation of energy 2, 20 in the energy converter system 1 of FIG. 1 a the heat transfer system 4, 40, respectively.
- a gas turbine plant 20 according to FIG. 1c is referred to hereinafter as recuperated micro gas turbine 20b.
- the flue gas temperature T of the first fluid 22 is reduced in a recuperated micro gas turbine 20b due to a heat withdrawal in the recuperator 206.
- the flue gas temperature reaches values between 200 ° C and 700 ° C, in particular between 250 ° C and 650 ° C, preferably between 270 ° C and 600 ° C, more preferably from 300 ° C to 400 ° C.
- a recuperated micro gas turbine 20b has the advantage, inter alia, that a greater mechanical efficiency r.sub.cH is achieved than with a non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a. Under a mechanical efficiency r mech is thereby a ratio between a to the power consumer 204 understood mechanical energy and the gas turbine combustor 201 supplied primary energy, in particular chemical energy of a gas turbine fuel understood.
- a recuperated micro gas turbine 20b in an energy converter system 1 according to the invention is particularly advantageous if, given the dimensioning of the system 1 and the fuel for the burners 201, 30, a greater amount of mechanical energy is to be provided.
- a sub-variant according to the invention of the recuperated micro gas turbine 20b in a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1c is a fixed partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20bb, wherein a recuperator 206 is provided, which can bring about only a limited part of a possible, in particular maximum possible heat energy transfer to the fresh air stream 202c o- has a relation to a theoretically possible efficiency interpretation conditionally limited efficiency of heat transfer.
- a recuperator 206 can be achieved, for example, by designing a transmission surface provided and / or designed for the heat transfer to be smaller than would be required for a maximum efficiency of the heat transfer.
- FIG. 1 c in the further construction and its functional relationships corresponds to the examples of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b described above, so that reference is made to the detailed description of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b for the further description which, with regard to the features of the invention described there, can also apply analogously to the example according to FIG. 1 c, in particular.
- FIG. 1 d shows a particularly preferred inventive energy converter system 1 according to the functional diagram of FIG. 1 a with a particularly preferred embodiment of a gas turbine plant 20.
- Identical or equivalent elements are given the same reference numerals as in FIGS previous figures, with respect to the description of which reference is made at this point to the description of the preceding figures.
- the gas turbine system 20 of FIG. 1 d differs from the recuperated micro gas turbine 20 b of FIG. 1 c in that at least one, preferably two bypass systems 207, 208 are provided for at least partially bypassing the recuperator 206.
- a first bypass system 207 in this case comprises a bypass control element 207a, preferably a control and / or controllable valve or flap, which is / s provided and / or designed, at least one, preferably an adjustable or selectable partial flow 207c the fresh air stream 202c biased by the compressor 202 before the recuperator 206 and / or divert. Furthermore, the first bypass system 207 comprises a first bypass line 207b shown in dashed lines in FIG.
- the partial flow 207c diverted and / or diverted from the bypass control element 207a is preferably led around the recuperator 206 and in particular downstream of the recuperator 206
- Recuperator 206 can be supplied to the preheated in the recuperator 206 part of the prestressed fresh air flow 202c again.
- the first bypass system 207 thus makes it possible to set a degree of recuperation or to make it adjustable, controllable and / or controllable.
- a second alternative or supplemental bypass system 208 includes a bypass control element 208a, preferably a controllable and / or controllable valve or flap, which is provided and / or configured to at least one, preferably an adjustable or selectable one Partial flow 208 c of the relaxed from the turbine 203 smoke or exhaust gas 203 c before the recuperator 206 branch off and / or divert. Further, the second bypass system 208 comprises a second, shown in dashed lines in Fig. 1 d Bypass line 208b.
- the bypass line 208b can preferably lead the partial flow 208c branched off and / or out of the bypass control element 208a around the recuperator 206 and, in particular after the recuperator 206, be recirculated to the smoke or exhaust gas 206c at least partially cooled in the recuperator 206.
- an amount of the heat-conducting smoke or exhaust gas 203c can advantageously be set and / or regulated, so that a quantity of heat transferable to the final air flow 202c in the recuperator 206 can be set and / or regulated.
- the second bypass system 208 allows the degree of recuperation to be adjusted or adjusted, adjusted and / or regulated.
- a gas turbine plant 20 according to FIG. 1 d, in particular with a first and / or second bypass system 207, 208 is referred to hereinafter as variably partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20 c.
- variably partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20 c are characterized in particular by an adjustable and / or controllable degree of recuperation, whereby a degree of recuperation is understood as the ratio of heat energy transferred in the recuperator to the maximum heat energy that can be transmitted in the recuperator.
- the ratio between the provision of mechanical energy, in particular electrical energy, and thermal energy can be advantageously set and / or regulated with an energy converter system 1 according to the invention via the adjustable and / or controllable degree of recuperation.
- a degree of utilization of primary energy in at least one of the plants for converting energy 2, 3 can be advantageously optimized.
- a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c in an energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 1 d it becomes possible for the first time to adapt the thermal power available for the operation of the boiler 40 via the first fluid 22 beyond the original design of the energy converter system 1 and / or fluctuations or tolerances during assembly or during operation, in particular in the fuel supply, the fuel quality, the power recalled on the boiler 40 or the like. chen, stabilizing and / or optimizing intervention.
- an advantageous variation of the operating point of the energy converter system 1 can be achieved via the degree of recuperation.
- FIGS. 1 d in the further construction and its functional contexts corresponds to the examples of FIGS. 1 a to 1 c described above, so that for the further description reference is made to the detailed description of FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, which, with regard to the features of the invention described there, can analogously also apply to the example according to FIG.
- the line system 43, 43 a is shown in a single-entry configuration. However, it may also be advantageous that the conduit system 43, 43 a of the boiler 40 is formed two-, three- or Mrides.
- An energy converter system 1 with a boiler 40, the line system is formed slaughter matter is shown in Fig. 1 e.
- the line system 43, 43 a has a first deflection or deflection chamber 43 b, in which a flow direction of the first fluid 22 is deflected.
- the fluid inlet 41 and the fluid outlet 45 can advantageously be arranged on one side of a boiler housing.
- An energy converter system 1 with a boiler 40, whose line system is formed in three movements, is shown in FIG.
- a second deflection or deflection chamber 43c is provided in the line system 43, 43a.
- the second deflection chamber 43c is arranged downstream of the first deflection chamber 43b in the line system 43.
- FIG. 2 a shows a preferred development of the energy converter system 1.
- the energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 2 a comprises in addition to the installation for converting energy 2 and the heat transfer system 4 at least one fluid output 21, 31, via which the plants 2, 3 each have a heat energy carrying fluid, in particular a substantially gaseous fluid, preferably an exhaust gas or can release or release flue gas.
- a heat energy carrying fluid in particular a substantially gaseous fluid, preferably an exhaust gas or can release or release flue gas.
- the at least one / two input / inputs for supplying at least one fuel and / or at least one oxidizing agent for generating thermal energy in the plants for converting energy 2, 3 by an exothermic redox Reaction, in particular combustion of the fuel.
- heat carrying fluid is discharged as a first or third fluid stream 22, 32 - also synonymously referred to as a first fluid 22 and third fluid 32 - via the fluid outputs 21, 31.
- the fluid outlets 21, 31 are connected via lines 5, 6 to a respective fluid inlet 41, 42 of the heat transfer system 4.
- the plant 2 is preferably embodied as a gas turbine plant 20, in particular as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c, the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c having the advantages according to the invention already described with reference to FIG. 1d.
- a gas turbine plant 20 in particular as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c, the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c having the advantages according to the invention already described with reference to FIG. 1d.
- a non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a or a recuperated micro gas turbine 20b as shown in FIG. 1b or FIG. 1c.
- the heat transfer system 4 is preferably analogous to FIGS. 1 a to 1 d designed as a boiler 40.
- FIGS. 1 a or 2 a In the representations of FIGS. 1 a or 2 a, as in all further described figures, only the switching-technical connection or lines necessary for the mediation of the respective idea of the invention or of the respective details of the invention are shown or indicated. Not shown are usually supply connections and lines for the supply of the individual systems 2, 3 with fuels and / or oxidants, in particular fresh air or disposal lines such. B. exhaust gas chimneys and / or exhaust aftertreatment systems, which, however, can be supplemented in a way that is obvious to a person skilled in the art.
- the heat transfer system 4 is in this case designed as a boiler 40, in particular as a waste heat boiler or combination boiler with at least one waste heat zone, with at least two independent line systems 43, 44 for the passage of a respective fluid, in particular of the first and third fluid 22, 32.
- the line systems 43, 44 are permeable to the respective fluid 22, 32 substantially only in the flow direction indicated by the arrows from the respective fluid inlet 41, 42 to fluid outlets 45, 46.
- conduit systems 43, 44 in at least one of the conduit systems 43, 44 elements or devices may be provided which favor a preferred direction of flow, for example at least one check valve could be provided and / or one or more flow-guiding elements, such as diffusers, are preferably the conduit systems 43, 44, in particular their part extending inside a boiler chamber 40a, at least in sections as a heat exchanger 43a, 44a or a heat exchanger ement 43a, 44a formed.
- a heat exchanger element 43a, 44a is understood as meaning, in particular, a spiral-shaped, fan-shaped, plate-shaped and / or corrugated shape of a section of the respective line system 43, 44, which provides an enlarged surface in relation to the rest of the line system 43, 44.
- the enlarged surface is provided for this purpose, a heat entrained with the fluid 22, 32 conducted through the line system 43, 44 for a heat transfer to one with the politicians (2004)elennent 43a, 44a in a related medium or fluid, in particular beneficial medium or Nutzfluid favor.
- a boiler 40 in the boiler room 40a a Nutzmedium or Nutzfluid, which is characterized by a suitable heat input or heat transfer by means of the heat exchanger 43a, 44a and the heat exchanger element 43a, 44a at least partially a phase transition of a first phase to be subjected to a second phase.
- the useful medium or useful fluid passes through sublimation and / or evaporation at least partially into a vapor phase or a vapor.
- this steam is provided and / or removed as a second fluid stream 48 or as a second fluid 48 for further use.
- the first conduit system 43, 43a is expediently designed such that the first fluid 22, in particular as an exhaust gas or flue gas, with a temperature, in particular a flue gas temperature between 300 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 350 ° C and 700 ° C. and a mass flow between 0.5 kg / s and 4.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.8 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s through the conduit system 43, 43 a can be performed.
- the pipe systems 43, 43a; 44, 44a are further preferably designed such that a pressure loss of the respective fluid flow 22, 32 between an input-side and an output-side connection 41, 45; 42, 46 of the respective conduit system 43, 43a; 44, 44a is less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, more preferably less than 2%, ideally less than 0.5% of an input-side pressure level.
- a boiler 40 according to the invention may further comprise a boiler input, not shown here, for supplying the useful medium or useful fluid.
- ides in particular the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluides in a first phase.
- the supply can take place at regular and / or irregular intervals and / or as a substantially permanent influx or permanent supply.
- the boiler chamber 40a has at least two volume zones, wherein in a first volume zone the useful medium or useful fluid is present substantially in its first phase and in a second volume zone the useful medium or useful fluid substantially in its second phase.
- substantially in one phase is meant in particular that the proportion of this phase in the total amount, in particular the total mass and / or the total volume, the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluides in this volume zone of the boiler room 40a at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 80%.
- At least one, preferably both fluid inlets 41, 42 of the line systems 43, 44 with respect to the boiler space 40a in the first volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the first volume zone, are arranged.
- the boiler outlet 47 can preferably be arranged with respect to the boiler space 40a in the second volume zone, ie in a partial area of a boiler housing which delimits the second volume zone.
- the boiler outlet is preferably arranged with respect to the boiler room 40a in the first volume zone, ie in a partial area of a boiler housing which delimits the first volume zone.
- the useful fluid is water.
- the water is essentially in liquid form. If the first fluid 22 of the system for converting energy 2, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas of a gas turbine plant 20, flows into the first line system 43 via at least the first fluid inlet 41 as the first fluid 22, the first fluid 22 flows over the or the first fluid 22. the heat exchanger elements 43a heat to the surrounding water in the boiler room 40a.
- the third fluid 32 of the further system for converting energy 3, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas of the heating burner 30, can be flowed into the second line system 44 as a third fluid 32, the third fluid 32
- the third fluid 32 Alternatively or in addition to the heat transfer of the first fluid 22 in turn via the or the heat exchanger elements 44a can deliver heat to the surrounding water in the boiler room 40a. Due to the heat transfer at at least one of the heat exchanger elements 43a, 44a, water is now evaporated, with the water vapor collecting in the second volume zone of the boiler chamber 40a. From there, the steam can then be supplied via the boiler outlet 47 as a second fluid 48 of the energy converter system 1 of a use.
- thermal energy of the first and / or third fluid flow 22, 32 other useful fluids may also be considered instead of water.
- other useful fluids may also be considered instead of water.
- ammonia, thermal oil, suitable hydrocarbons or other suitable useful medium or useful fluid can be provided, which in a boiler by heat at a given temperature, a phase transition, in particular from a liquid to a gaseous phase.
- the line systems 43, 43a; 44, 44a in each case shown formed einschubig.
- at least one of the line systems 43, 43 a; 44, 44 a of the boiler 40 is two-, three- or Latitude trained.
- a combustion or flame tube of the further system for converting energy 3, 30 at least partially, in particular at least 50% of a longitudinal extent of the combustion or flame tube, preferably almost the entire combustion or flame tube extends into the boiler chamber 40a, wherein it merges into the second line system 44, 44a at an end remote from the further system for converting energy 3, 30.
- a third embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2b. This embodiment differs from the circuit diagram according to FIG.
- the plant for converting energy 2 is preferably designed as a gas turbine plant 20, in particular as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c, the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c having the advantages of the invention already described with reference to FIG. Alternatively, however, it would also be possible to use a non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a or recuperated micro gas turbine 20b, as are known from FIGS. 1 b or 1 c.
- The desires to carry out analogous to FIG. 2a as a boiler 40.
- the first fluid flow 22 will continue to be used as a fuel and / or oxidant flow 30 a, depending on a remaining heating value and / or oxidant content of the further system for converting energy 3, 30.
- the first fluid stream 22 after heat release in the heat transfer system 4, 40 serves as a preheated oxidant stream in the other plant for the conversion of energy 3, 30.
- the third fluid 32 produced in the other plant for the implementation of energy 3, 30 is analogous 2a to the heat transfer system 4, 40 via a second fluid inlet 42 for heat transfer to the Nutzfluid and providing the second fluid stream 48 is supplied.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 2b corresponds to the configurations known from FIG.
- Fig. 2c shows a development of the embodiment of Fig. 2a as a fourth embodiment.
- a branching element 51 in particular an adjusting, control or adjustable branching valve flap 51, is provided in the return line 50.
- the branching element 51 the recirculated first fluid flow 22 can be divided into a first and a second partial flow 51 a, 51 b.
- a quantitative ratio in particular a Lucas L. Flue gas mass ratio between the two partial flows 51 a, 51 b are set, controlled or regulated via the branching element 51.
- the first partial flow 51 a is preferably supplied to the further system for converting energy 3, 30.
- this supply can be loger way to Fig. 2b done.
- the mixer 52 preferably comprising a mixture of an oxidant stream 52a and the first part stream 51 a brought about. This mixture can then be supplied to the further plant for converting energy 3, 30.
- the second substream 51b can preferably be discharged from the inventive energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 2b, released and / or fed to a subsequent system, for example an exhaust gas treatment, for further use and / or after-treatment.
- a simplified embodiment of an energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 2c can be achieved by using a simple line branching instead of an adjustable, controllable or controllable branching element.
- An adjustment of a mixing ratio between the first partial flow 51 a of the returned fluid and the oxidant onsstoffstrom 52 a can then be achieved via a controlled and / or controlled mixer 52.
- an embodiment according to the invention of an energy converter system according to FIG. 2c may have a gas turbine plant designed as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c, the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c having the advantages according to the invention already described with reference to FIG.
- a non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a or recuperated micro gas turbine 20b could also be used, as are known from FIG. 1 b or FIG. 1 c.
- a modification of the preceding figures could consist in the fact that the two fluid flows leaving the fluid outlets 45, 46 of the heat transfer system 4, 40 are at least partially brought together after release in order to release together a further use and / or aftertreatment - for example, an exhaust gas treatment - to be fed.
- the two fluid outlets leaving the fluid outlets 45, 46 of the heat transfer system 4, 40 are guided via an additional mixer (not shown here pictorially). This may be particularly advantageous if the merged fluid streams at least partially via a return line 50 analogous to the embodiments of FIGS. 2a and 2b to be used.
- a fifth embodiment of an energy converter system 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3a as a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 2b.
- the first fluid flow recirculated from the first fluid outlet 45 of the heat transfer system 4, 40 to the return line 50 is used as a heat source for a heat exchanger 60 which supplies a fuel and / or oxidant flow 30a to the supply of the further energy conversion plant 3, in particular the heating burner 30 supplies heat, in particular preheats this.
- a heat exchanger 60 which supplies a fuel and / or oxidant flow 30a to the supply of the further energy conversion plant 3, in particular the heating burner 30 supplies heat, in particular preheats this.
- Fig. 3b shows a first modification of the example of Fig. 3a as a sixth embodiment.
- the two fluid flows 22, 32 leaving the heat transfer system 4, 40 at the two fluid outlets 45, 46 are combined and fed via the return line 50 to the heat exchanger 60 as a heat source.
- an even higher heat transfer at the heat exchanger 60 can advantageously be achieved than in the example according to FIG. 3a, since the thermal energy entrained with both fluid streams 22, 32 is available in the heat exchanger 60 for heat transfer to the fuel and / or oxidant stream.
- a design based on a combination of the embodiments according to FIGS. 2b and 3b may also be used, as shown in FIG. 3c.
- the first partial flow 51 a analogous to the example of FIG. 2b are fed to a mixer 52, while the second partial flow 51 b serves as a heat source for the heat exchanger 60 for preheating the fuel and / or oxidant stream 30a.
- the thus preheated fuel and / or oxidant stream 30a is then mixed in the mixer 52 with the first partial flow 51 a and fed in the premixed form of the other plant for the implementation of energy 3, 30.
- An alternative embodiment not shown here, for example according to FIG. 3c, provides for each of the two at the fluid outlets 45, 46 of the heat exchanger.
- meübertragungssystems 4, 40 provided fluid streams 22, 32 before a separate return line.
- One of the two return lines supplies the heat exchanger 60, while the other return line is supplied to the mixer 52.
- Such a circuit is particularly preferred over the circuit according to FIG. 3 c, in particular, when the two fluid streams 22, 32 are not allowed to be mixed with one another from the point of view of emissions law.
- the heat transfer system 4 is designed as at least two-tank boiler 40 - in particular large boiler, large-capacity boiler, waste heat boiler or steam generator - with at least two separate line systems 43, 44 for the passage of the first and third fluid 22, 32.
- FIGS. 1-10 analogously to the examples of FIGS.
- FIG. 4a An alternative embodiment as the seventh embodiment of an energy converter system 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4a.
- the energy Transducer system 1 according to FIG. 4a in this case comprises a first heat transfer system 2, a second heat transfer system 4 and a third heat transfer system 3, wherein the plant for converting energy 2 via a line 5 connected to the fluid outlet 21 with the further system for the implementation of Energy 3 is connected.
- the system for the conversion of energy 2 is analogous to the embodiments of the preceding figures as a gas turbine plant 20, in particular as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c executed, wherein the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c already described for Fig. 1 d, inventive advantages ago having.
- the first fluid stream 22 can be supplied or admixed in the heating burner 30 at least as a supplement to a supply stream of fuel and / or oxidant, not shown here, preferably essentially as a fuel stream or oxidant stream for supplying the heating burner 30 be used.
- the first fluid flow 21 is added to a fresh air flow of the heating burner 30 or injected parallel to a fresh air flow into a combustion chamber of the heating burner 30.
- the smoke or exhaust gases thus produced are treated as a third fluid stream 32 via a fluid outlet 31 of the heating burner for further use from the heating burner issued.
- the fluid outlet 31 of the further plant for converting energy 3, 30 is connected via a line 6 to a fluid inlet 41 of the heat transfer system 4.
- the heat transfer system 4 embodied as a boiler 40 has only one line system 43.
- the line system 43 in particular a part extending in the interior of a boiler chamber 40a, is formed at least in sections as a heat exchanger 43a, 44a or as a heat exchanger element 43a, 44a.
- a heat exchanger element 43a is understood as meaning, in particular, a spiral-shaped, fan-like, plate-shaped and / or corrugated shape of a section of the line system 43, which provides an enlarged surface in relation to the rest of the line system 43.
- the enlarged surface is intended to favor a heat entrained with the fluid 32 conducted through the conduit system 43 for heat transfer to a medium or fluid, in particular working medium or working fluid, which is in contact with the heat exchanger element 43a.
- a useful medium or useful fluid which is characterized by a suitable heat input or heat transfer by means of the heat exchanger 43a or the heat exchanger element 43a, is at least partially in phase with a phase transition of one first phase to a second phase.
- the useful medium or useful fluid passes through a sublimation and / or evaporation at least partially a vapor phase or a vapor.
- this steam is provided and / or removed as second fluid stream 48 or second fluid 48 for further use.
- the line system 43, 43a is expediently designed such that the second fluid 32, in particular an exhaust gas or flue gas, with a temperature, in particular a flue gas temperature between 300 ° C and 1200 ° C, preferably between 350 ° C and 900 ° C, especially preferably between 350 ° C and 750 ° C, and a mass flow between 0.5 kg / s and 4.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.8 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s passed through the conduit system 43, 43a can be.
- a temperature in particular a flue gas temperature between 300 ° C and 1200 ° C, preferably between 350 ° C and 900 ° C, especially preferably between 350 ° C and 750 ° C
- a mass flow between 0.5 kg / s and 4.0 kg / s, in particular between 0.8 kg / s and 3.0 kg / s passed through the conduit system 43, 43a can be.
- the line system 43, 43a is further preferably designed such that a pressure drop of the respective fluid flow 32 between an input-side and an output-side connection 41, 45 of the line system 43, 43a is less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, particularly preferably less than 2 %, ideally less than 0.5% of an input-side print level.
- a boiler 40 according to the invention may further comprise a boiler inlet, not shown here, for supplying the useful medium or Nutzflu- ides, in particular the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluides in a first phase.
- the supply can take place at regular and / or irregular intervals and / or as a substantially permanent influx or permanent supply.
- the boiler chamber 40a has at least two volume zones, wherein in a first volume zone the useful medium or useful fluid is present substantially in its first phase and in a second volume zone the useful medium or useful fluid substantially in its second phase.
- substantially in one phase is meant in particular that the proportion of this phase in the Bacmen- ge, in particular the total mass and / or the total volume of the Nutzmediums or Nutzfluides in this volume zone of the boiler room 40 a at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and particularly preferably at least 80%.
- the fluid inlet 41 of the line system 43, 43a with respect to the boiler space 40a in the first volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the first volume zone, are arranged.
- the fluid outlet 45 may be positioned relative to the boiler space 40a in the second volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the second volume zone, be arranged.
- the boiler outlet 47 is preferably with respect to the boiler room 40a in the second volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the second volume zone arranged.
- the boiler outlet is preferably with respect to the boiler room 40a in the first volume zone, i. in a portion of a boiler housing, which limits the first volume zone arranged.
- the primary energy converted in the plant for converting energy 2, 20 is used on the one hand to generate mechanical energy and on the other hand to provide thermal energy via the heat transfer system 4, 40. Since the first fluid flow 22 carrying the heat energy is coupled into the heat transfer system 4, 40 via the further system for converting energy 3, 30 or is supplied to the heat transfer system 4, 40, the additional system can be provided via additional provision of further thermal energy for the conversion of energy 3, 30 the amount of heat energy provided in the third fluid stream 32 can be increased.
- the heat energy supplied to the heat transfer system 4, 40 between a lower limit, which essentially results from the amount of heat of the first fluid 21, and an upper limit, which is substantially from the thermal energy of the first fluid 21 and the maximum thermal energy of the heating burner 30 results modulated.
- a lower limit which essentially results from the amount of heat of the first fluid 21, and an upper limit, which is substantially from the thermal energy of the first fluid 21 and the maximum thermal energy of the heating burner 30 results modulated.
- FIG. 4b shows a first extension of the inventive energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 4a as the eighth exemplary embodiment.
- the cooled in the boiler 40 after heat to the working fluid or Nutzfluid in the boiler 40 third fluid 32 is supplied via the fluid outlet 45 to a downstream preheater 70 as a heat source.
- the preheater 70 is preferably constructed as a heat exchanger and provided to transfer at least a portion of the residual heat entrained with the third fluid 32 cooled in the boiler 40 to a fluid stream, in particular a fuel and / or oxidant stream 30a.
- the fluid stream 3 b preheated in the preheater 70 is fed to the further system for converting energy 3, in particular the heating burner 30.
- the gas turbine burner of the gas turbine plant 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, not shown here can also be supplied with the preheated fluid flow 3b, as shown by the dashed arrow.
- a fresh air flow 3a is preheated to the fresh air supply of the heating burner 30 and / or the gas turbine burner in this way.
- this example corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 4a, to the description of which reference is made at this point.
- the line system 43, 43a is shown as being of single-formed design. But it can also be an advantage the conduit system 43, 43 a of the boiler 40 two-, three- or Momony form.
- FIG. 5 A further alternative embodiment of an energy converter system 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5 as a ninth exemplary embodiment.
- the heat transfer system 3 is designed as a boiler 40, in particular as a large-capacity boiler, as a waste heat boiler or as a high-speed steam generator, which has at least a three-pass line system 43 for passing a heat-conducting fluid flow.
- the line system 43 has at least two fluid inlets 41, 42 and a fluid outlet 45.
- the at least part of the line system 43 arranged in the interior of a boiler chamber 40a can be formed at least in sections as a heat exchanger 43a or heat exchanger element 43a in the sense of the examples described above be.
- the boiler 40 is provided or designed according to FIG. 5 to heat a Nutzflu- id provided in the boiler room 40a, to heat and / or at least partially by sublimation and or to convert evaporation to a gas phase and to provide the gas phase or a fluid at least partially comprising the gas phase as the second fluid 48 via the boiler outlet 47 for further use.
- the features relating to the arrangement of the fluid inlets 41, 42, of the fluid outlet 45 and / or of the boiler outlet 47 can also be taken from the description of the preceding examples.
- the line system 43, 43a of the boiler 40 according to FIG. 5 has at least one, preferably at least two or more deflections or deflecting chambers 43b, 43c running inside the boiler chamber 40a.
- a deflection or deflection chamber 43b, 43c is in particular a limited by a conversion volume with an input and a In the output, the flow direction of a fluid flowing in the line system 43, 43a, when viewed from the fluid inlet, undergoes a change in direction, in particular an almost complete reversal of direction, in the deflection.
- the deflections 43b, 43c can each be designed as a line or pipe section whose extension direction in a flow direction between an input side and an output side of the line or pipe section is aligned at least at an angle different from zero. In a preferred embodiment, the angle is between approximately 90 ° and 180 °.
- at least one deflection or deflection chamber 43b, 43c can also be designed as described in FIG. 1e or FIG. 1f.
- the boiler 40 according to FIG. 5 is further characterized in that the first fluid inlet 41 opens directly into the conduit system 43, 43a.
- the second fluid inlet 42 is realized via a pipe section 42a, which protrudes on the input side as a second fluid inlet 42 from a boiler housing of the boiler 40 and the output side in the first deflection 43b opens.
- the pipe section 42a is designed such that a fluid flowing in via the second fluid inlet 42 intermixes at the mouth into the line system 43, 43a into the flow of the fluid already flowing in the line system 43, 43a, preferably almost without interference, but at least with little interference meddling.
- a disturbance is understood as meaning, in particular, the formation of an at least locally turbulent flow in the region of the confluence and / or an at least partial inflow of the inflowing fluid counter to the flow direction of the fluid already flown in via the first fluid inlet 41 in the line system 43.
- suitable means for suppressing turbulence in the region of the orifice - such as, for example, can be provided.
- B. Leitgitter or guiding elements - and / or mixing elements - such.
- B. a mixer - be provided.
- the plant for converting energy 2, in particular the gas turbine plant 20 is connected to the second fluid inlet 42 of the boiler 40 via a line 5 connected to the fluid outlet 21.
- the gas turbine plant 20 is preferably embodied as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c, the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c having the advantages according to the invention already described with reference to FIG. 1 d.
- the further system for converting energy 3, in particular the heating burner 30, is connected to the first fluid inlet 41 of the boiler 40 via a line 6 connected at its fluid outlet 31.
- a heat transfer essentially takes place from the third fluid stream 32 to the useful medium or useful fluid in the boiler chamber 40a.
- a heat transfer from the now mixed first and third fluid 22, 32 to the useful medium or useful fluid can take place.
- the third fluid 32 which has already delivered heat energy to the useful medium or useful fluid in the first section, is also reheated by the contact with the not yet cooled first fluid 31, whereby a heat transfer can proceed in a more homogenized manner. This is particularly advantageous when there are large differences in temperature and / or heat capacity and / or amount of heat between the first and third fluid.
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the example according to FIG. 5 as a tenth embodiment of an energy converter according to the invention.
- Systems 1 By way of derogation, in the preceding example, the pipe section 42a forming the second fluid inlet 42 into the line system 43, 43a of the boiler 40 according to FIG. 6 only opens into the line system 43, 43a at the second deflection 43c.
- a more compact embodiment of the energy converter system 1 can be realized, since both can be arranged with primary energy supplied heat transfer systems 2 and 3 on one side of the heat transfer system 4, 40 and thereby the lines 5 and 6 can be kept as short as possible.
- Short lines 5, 6 also have the advantage of cost-effectively reducing any line losses incurred, in particular heat and / or pressure losses. Otherwise, the embodiment of FIG. 6 corresponds to that of the embodiment of FIG. 5.
- a first advantageous development of the embodiment of FIG. 6 is shown in Fig. 7.
- a branching element 80 in particular a control and / or controllable control valve / flap, is provided in the line 5 passing from the system for converting energy 2, 20 to the heat transfer system 4, 40.
- the branching element 80 a first part of the first fluid 21 can be supplied to the further system for converting energy 3, in particular the heating burner 30, as already described in some of the preceding embodiments (see in particular FIGS. 2a-b, 3a-c) ) is similarly known.
- a second part of the first fluid 21 is supplied to the second input 42 of the heat transfer system 4, 40 as in FIG.
- FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 result, inter alia, by combination with the embodiments of FIGS. 2 a to 4 b, wherein in particular one or more return lines 50 and / or mixers acting on the fluid outlet 45 52 and / or heat exchanger 60 and / or preheater 70 may result in an advantageous embodiment of an inventive energy converter system 1 with a heat transfer system 4, 40 of FIG. 5 or 6.
- a circuit diagram of a particularly preferred embodiment of an energy converter system 1 according to the invention is shown as the twelfth embodiment in FIG. 8a.
- the energy converter system 1 contains a particularly closely coupled together embodiment of a heating burner 300 and a boiler 40, wherein the heating burner 300 the another plant for the implementation of energy 3 and the boiler 40, the heat transfer system 4 form.
- the partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c has the advantages according to the invention already described with reference to FIG. Alternatively, however, it would also be possible to use a non-recuperated micro gas turbine 20a or a recuperated micro gas turbine 20b, as are known from FIG. 1 b or FIG. 1 c.
- a flame or combustion tube 301 extends at least partially, in particular at least half, preferably almost completely up to the boiler room 40a.
- a flame or combustion tube 301 is understood as meaning, in particular, a hollow volume structure with a preferably cylindrical and / or polygonal cross section, in the interior of which an exothermic redox reaction, in particular combustion of at least one fuel with at least one oxidant, takes place.
- the flame or combustion tube 301 covers or comprises at least one flame and / or flame front forming during combustion.
- the volume structure preferably has a main extension direction, which preferably runs essentially parallel to a flame direction of the flame and / or flame front.
- a burner 310 is arranged at a first end face 301 a of the flame or combustion tube 301.
- the burner 310 substantially shuts off the flame or combustion tube 310 towards this side.
- the Fig. 8b shows a schematic side sectional illustration of a heating burner 300, in particular a burner 310, and a section of the flame or combustion tube 301 adjoining the burner 310.
- a transition between the flame or combustion tube 301 and the line system 43 is preferably designed such that the smoke or exhaust gas produced in the reaction of the fuel and the oxidizing agent in the flame or combustion tube 301 passes almost completely, preferably completely, into the line system 43 can.
- the line system 43, 43a is embodied analogously to the exemplary embodiments described above, so that with regard to the features of the line system 43, 43a reference is made to the description there.
- the first heat-carrying fluid 22, in particular smoke or exhaust gas 22, released via the fluid outlet 21, the plant for converting energy 2, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c is supplied via a line 5 to the heating burner 300 so that it can be injected or injected into the fuel or flame tube 301.
- the first heat-carrying fluid 22 now contributes to a heating or enrichment with thermal energy of the third fluid 32 formed or forming in the flame or combustion tube 301.
- the third fluid 32 comprises the smoke or exhaust gases formed during the exothermic conversion by the burner 310, the first fluid 22 and / or, in particular gaseous, during the further conversion of the first fluid 22 in the flame or combustion tube 301 reaction products.
- the third fluid 32 is a mixture of the aforementioned fluids.
- a useful medium or useful fluid present in the boiler chamber 40a can experience heat transfer, in particular heat input, in two ways. On the one hand, heat exchange between the fluid present in the flame or combustion tube 301 and the useful medium or useful fluid can already take place via an outer jacket surface 301 b of the part of the flame or combustion tube 301 extending into the boiler chamber 40 a.
- the outer lateral surface 301b may be provided with a surface which promotes heat transfer, in particular a surface structure and / or with heat exchanger elements.
- the outer lateral surface 301b could be at least partially a corrugated surface and / or porous, z. B. have honeycomb wall elements.
- a compensation structure in the lateral surface 301 b may be provided, which compensates for a thermally induced change in length of the longitudinal extent of the flame or combustion tube 301.
- the term "open-pore" is understood in particular to mean that the surface or structural elements having pores or pores are impermeable to the useful medium or useful fluid but impervious to the fluid present in the interior of the flame or combustion tube 301.
- a compensating structure can advantageously be provided in the lateral surface 301b, which compensates for a thermally induced change in length of the longitudinal extent of the flame or burner tube 301.
- the heat transfer system 4, 40 does not differ from the embodiments in the previously described embodiments, in particular according to FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the extensions and / or modifications described there can also be transferred in a very analogous manner to the heat transfer system 4, 40 of the embodiment according to FIG. 8a. conditions, so that with respect to such features reference is made to the description of the preceding embodiments.
- FIG. 8b furthermore shows a particularly preferred embodiment of a burner 310 for use in an inventive energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 8a or the following FIG. 9.
- a burner 310 can also be used, for example, in energy converter systems 1 according to FIGS Fig. 4a, 4b and be used in other Schubrenner boiler combinations.
- the burner 310 includes a flange unit 320 and burner module 330 with at least one fuel supply not shown here and an oxidant supply.
- Flange unit 320 is provided for fixing burner 310 to a heating-element housing 300 a, a boiler housing or another housing unit, in particular to fix it in a detachable or replaceable manner.
- the burner module 330 is provided to convert a fuel supplied to the burner module 310 via the fuel supply, in particular a fuel line, with an oxidant supplied via the oxidant supply in an exothermic redox reaction, in particular combustion, such that a heat-carrying fluid, in particular smoke or exhaust gas arises.
- a variety of different burner modules 330 is known to the person skilled in the art, the specific embodiment of which does not have any direct influence on the idea of the invention.
- the burner 310 according to the invention additionally has an admixing unit 340 for supplying a predominantly gaseous fluid, in particular the first fluid 21.
- the gaseous fluid supplied via an admixing unit 340 remains separated from the at least one fuel and the at least one oxidizing agent until its exothermic conversion has at least begun in a flame region 331 adjoining the burner module 330.
- the admixing unit 340 is designed as a mixing plate 341.
- the mixing plate 341 in this case has a central bore 342, in which the combustion module 330 is received and preferably fixed.
- a burner nozzle 332 is guided through the mixing chamber 340 in the direction of the flame region 331 via the bore 342.
- the mixing plate 341 may also have a suitable bore for receiving and passing the burner nozzles 331 for each of the burner nozzles 332.
- the mixing plate 341 receives more than one burner module 330 and carries out its combustion nozzles 332 in the direction of the flame region 331.
- at least one injection nozzle 343 is provided in the end face of the mixing plate 341 facing the flame region 331, preferably there are two, three or more injection nozzles 343.
- An injection nozzle 343 is designed to be the gaseous fluid supplied to the admixing unit 340, in particular the first fluid 22 of the plant for the implementation of energy 2 in the flame area 331 injectable or injectable provide.
- Injectable or injectable is understood here in particular to allow a gaseous fluid to flow via a nozzle or an inlet valve into a volume region, in particular to discharge into the volume region under a pressure which is increased in relation to a pressure in the volume range.
- a suitable injection nozzle 343 may in particular have at least one inlet gap and / or one inlet opening.
- the injection nozzle 343 may have a valve and / or flap device for changing a flow.
- the injection nozzles 343 are distributed uniformly around the burner nozzle 332, in particular concentrically around the burner nozzle 332 and / or at uniform angular intervals over the burner nozzle 332 arranged around the burner nozzle 332 extending circumference of the flame region 331 facing the front side of the mixing plate 341. If more than one burner nozzle 332 is provided, an analog arrangement of the injection nozzles 343 around each of the burner nozzles 332 may be advantageous.
- the injection nozzle 343 is designed to be controllable and / or controllable.
- a control and / or controllable nozzle is understood in particular to mean a nozzle which can be influenced by a control or regulation unit in a flow or injection behavior. It can be provided that a flow or injection quantity or rate between at least two states -. Open / closed; open / partially open; open / partially open / closed - can be switched. It can also be provided that a flow rate or injection quantity or rate can be selected at least virtually continuously between 0 and 100% of the maximum possible flow rate.
- the first fluid 22 is supplied to the admixing unit 340 via the line 5 from the system for converting energy 2, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c.
- at least one distributor channel 344 is provided in the mixing plate 341 in the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 8b.
- the distribution channel 344 in this case has at least one supply input 345, via which the gaseous fluid is supplied to the admixing unit 340 and to which, in particular, the line 5 can be connected.
- the supply input 345 is preferably arranged on a side of the mixing plate 341 facing away from the flame region 331.
- the injection nozzles 343 are in turn connected to the distribution channel 344, so that all the injection nozzles 343 can be supplied with the first fluid 22 via the distribution channel 344.
- the distribution channel 344 is preferably designed such that the first fluid 22 at each injection nozzle 343 with almost identical fluid properties, in particular temperature and pressure and / or chemical composition is applied.
- the distribution channel 344 is designed as an annular channel.
- a cross-section of the annular channel may in particular have a profile profile over a circumferential direction in the annular channel, in particular to compensate for the local fluid properties.
- an inventive energy converter system according to FIG. 8a can be realized particularly advantageously and compactly.
- FIG. 9 A first extension of an inventive energy converter system 1 according to FIG. 8 a with a burner 300 according to FIG. 8 b is shown in FIG. 9.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 9 differs from the energy converter system according to FIG. 8a in that the third fluid 32 released at the fluid outlet 45 is at least partially returned to the heating burner 300 via a return line 50.
- the line system 43, 43a of the examples according to FIGS. 8 and 9 are each shown as one-off. However, it can also bring advantages if the line system 43, 43a is designed to be two, three or more generous, as has already been described in the descriptions of FIGS. 1a-f and 4a-b.
- gas turbine burner 201 and / or the heating burner 30, 300 is / are designed as bi- or tri-valent burners for two or three fuels or even as multi-fuel burners.
- An energy conversion system 1 comprises a first heat transfer system 2, in particular a gas turbine plant 20, 20a, 20b, 20c, and a second heat transfer system 4 in the form of a boiler 40.
- the plant for converting energy 2 , 20, 20a, 20b, 20c stands with the heat transfer system 4, 40 via a fluid stream 22 in a heat transfer relationship, in particular via a first fluid 22 heat from the plant for the implementation of energy 2, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c to the heat transfer system 4, 40 can be transmitted.
- the plant for converting energy 2, 20, 20a, 20b, 20c comprises a gas turbine burner 201, the exhaust gases 201 c for providing and transmitting mechanical energy to a power consumer 202, 204, in particular an electric generator 204, at least partially fed to a turbine 203 and its exhaust gases 201 c, 203c at least partially the one fluid stream 22, in particular form the first fluid 22.
- the gas turbine plant 20 of the energy converter system 1 according to the invention as a partially recuperated micro gas turbine 20c.
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- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013206014.9A DE102013206014A1 (de) | 2013-04-05 | 2013-04-05 | Energiewandler-System und Baugruppen hierfür |
| PCT/EP2014/056624 WO2014161904A1 (de) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-02 | Energiewandler-system und baugruppen hierfür |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2981686A1 true EP2981686A1 (de) | 2016-02-10 |
Family
ID=50424258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14714714.4A Withdrawn EP2981686A1 (de) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-02 | Energiewandler-system und baugruppen hierfür |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2981686A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN205047260U (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102013206014A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014161904A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2856125T3 (es) * | 2016-02-05 | 2021-09-27 | Ea Pharma Co Ltd | Derivado de sulfonamida y composición farmacéutica que contiene la misma |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH608876A5 (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1979-01-31 | Sulzer Ag | Steam generator for utilising the heat of waste gas |
| US4326382A (en) * | 1980-10-24 | 1982-04-27 | E. H. Robbins | Power plant |
| DE19523062C2 (de) * | 1995-06-24 | 2000-04-13 | Standard Kessel Ges Lentjes Fa | Verbundkraftwerk mit einem Gasturbinenkraftwerk und einem Dampfkraftwerk |
| DE19952885A1 (de) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Alstom Power Schweiz Ag Baden | Verfahren und Betrieb einer Kraftwerksanlage |
| DE10236323A1 (de) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-03-06 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Kraftwerksanlage und zugehöriges Startverfahren |
| DE10326720A1 (de) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-23 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Brenner für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer |
| DE102009024587A1 (de) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Durchlaufverdampfer |
-
2013
- 2013-04-05 DE DE102013206014.9A patent/DE102013206014A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-04-02 WO PCT/EP2014/056624 patent/WO2014161904A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-02 CN CN201490000456.1U patent/CN205047260U/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-04-02 EP EP14714714.4A patent/EP2981686A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014161904A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN205047260U (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
| WO2014161904A1 (de) | 2014-10-09 |
| DE102013206014A1 (de) | 2014-10-09 |
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