EP2981650B1 - Wear component for compactor wheel - Google Patents
Wear component for compactor wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2981650B1 EP2981650B1 EP14780203.7A EP14780203A EP2981650B1 EP 2981650 B1 EP2981650 B1 EP 2981650B1 EP 14780203 A EP14780203 A EP 14780203A EP 2981650 B1 EP2981650 B1 EP 2981650B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wear component
- base
- tip portion
- tip
- recesses
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/026—Improving by compacting by rolling with rollers usable only for or specially adapted for soil compaction, e.g. sheepsfoot rollers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/026—Improving by compacting by rolling with rollers usable only for or specially adapted for soil compaction, e.g. sheepsfoot rollers
- E02D3/0265—Wheels specially adapted therefor; Cleats for said wheels
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to wear components and, more particularly, to wear components for compactor wheels.
- Compactors such as, for example, landfill compactors and soil compactors typically include steel wheels, which are fitted with teeth that extend radially outward from the wheels to engage and compact material over which the compactors are driven. Over time, the teeth wear down, and they eventually need to be replaced.
- U.S. Patent No. 6,632,045 to McCartney discloses an exemplary tooth.
- the tooth of the '045 patent is a two-part tooth that is adapted to be welded to a steel wheel. It includes a base constructed from a weldable material, and a cap constructed of a harder metal than the metal used for the base.
- the tooth is manufactured by casting the base in a first mold, moving the base to a second mold, and casting the cap onto the base in the second mold. When casting the cap, molten metal flows into mating formations of the base, ensuring that the cap is firmly keyed to the base when the molten metal solidifies. Further, such tooth is known from US 2013/0075456 A .
- the tooth of the '045 patent may be appropriate for certain applications, it may not be well-suited for others.
- the tooth of the '045 patent may not be well-suited for applications in which its weight stresses drivetrain components of a compactor without meaningfully improving compaction. In such applications, the tooth might cause premature failure of the drivetrain components, thereby unnecessarily increasing maintenance costs associated with the compactor.
- a wear component in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a base portion and a tip portion.
- the tip portion includes a proximate end and a distal end.
- the proximate end is metallurgically bonded to the base portion at a base-tip interface, which has a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile.
- the distal end defines an exterior surface of the wear component.
- a wear component in another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a base portion and a tip portion.
- the tip portion includes a proximate end, a distal end, and an at least partially concave side surface extending from the distal end to the proximate end.
- the proximate end is metallurgically bonded to the base portion at a base-tip interface.
- the distal end defines an exterior surface of the wear component.
- a wear component in yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, includes a base portion and a tip portion.
- the base portion includes a plurality of protrusions.
- the tip portion includes a proximate end and a distal end.
- the proximate end includes a plurality of recesses, and is metallurgically bonded to the base portion at a base-tip interface, where the plurality of protrusions extends into the plurality of recesses.
- the distal end defines an exterior surface of the wear component.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a steel wheel 10 for use with a mobile machine, such as a landfill or soil compactor.
- wear components 20 in the form of teeth are fitted to wheel 10, and extend radially outward from wheel 10 to engage and compact material over which wheel 10 is driven.
- wear components 20 may be teeth that are fitted to another type of part (e.g., a bucket) or may be another type of wear component entirely (e.g., hammers on disk rotors of a scrap metal shredder).
- each wear component 20 may include a tip portion 30 that extends radially outward from wheel 10 to engage and compact material over which steel wheel 10 is driven.
- tip portion 30 may be connected to wheel 10 by a base portion 40 of its wear component 20, which may be welded to wheel 10.
- Tip portion 30 may have a distal end 50 defining an exterior surface of its wear component 20. As shown in Fig. 1 , distal end 50 may be generally I-shaped. It should be understood, however, that distal end 50 may be otherwise shaped. For example, distal end 50 may be generally +(plus)-shaped. Alternatively, distal end 50 may have another shape conducive to compacting material. Tip portion 30 may also include side surfaces 60 extending from distal end 50 to a proximate end 70 of tip portion 30. In certain embodiments, side surfaces 60 may be at least partially concave, enabling them to deflect material away from base portion 40 and thereby protect base portion 40 from wear.
- tip portion 30 may be formed from a material with a hardness of at least 45 Rockwell C, making it highly resistant to abrasion resulting from compaction of material.
- tip portion 30 may be formed from white iron (e.g., high-chromium white iron or Ni-Hard), carbidic iron, austempered iron, high-carbon steel, high-carbon alloy steel, tool steel, carbidic steel, or stainless steel.
- base portion 40 may include a mounting end 75 for attaching wear component 20 to wheel 10, a distal end 77 opposite mounting end 75, and side surfaces 78 extending from mounting end 75 to distal end 77.
- mounting end 75 is generally shaped to follow a contour of wheel 10, thereby facilitating the attachment of wear component 20 to wheel 10.
- mounting end 75 may include a recess 80, which does not follow the contour of wheel 10.
- Recess 80 may become a hollow cavity when wear component 20 is attached to wheel 10, thereby reducing the weight of wear component 20 relative to a similarly sized (but solid) wear component.
- Base portion 40 may be formed from a material with a carbon-equivalent (CE) value of less than 0.7, ensuring that it can be welded to steel (e.g., steel wheel 10) using portable welding equipment in the field (as opposed to specialized welding procedures typically required to be performed in a maintenance facility).
- base portion 40 may be formed from steel (e.g., carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel).
- Base portion 40 may be metallurgically bonded to tip portion 30, that is, portion 40 may be attached to portion 30 primarily by metallurgical bonding.
- distal end 77 of base portion 40 may be metallurgically bonded to proximate end 70 of tip portion 30.
- the interface between distal end 77 and proximate end 70 (“base-tip interface 100") may thus be composed solely of a mixture of the material of base portion 40 and the material of tip portion 30. That is, base-tip interface 100 may include no adhesive or filler metal, no oxide films, and no voids.
- base-tip interface 100 (and thus distal end 77 and proximate end 70) may be non-planar, and may be related to the method by which wear component 20 is cast.
- wear component 20 may be centrifugally cast using a dual-pour method in which molten first and second materials are poured through a funnel 120 into a rotating mold 110.
- the molten first material may be poured first to form tip portion 30 while mold 110 is rotated at a first speed.
- the second material may then be poured over the first material (now tip portion 30) to form base portion 40 while mold 110 is rotated at a second speed, which may or may not be the same as the first speed.
- Both pours may take place while mold 110 is rotated about an axis 115 that is generally parallel to a direction of gravitational acceleration (i.e., a direction in which the materials fall as they are poured). Such rotation may cause the first material to creep up the sides of mold 110, thereby giving proximate end 70 of tip portion 30 (and thus also base-tip interface 100) a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile, as shown in Fig. 4 . It should be noted that, below base-tip interface 100, tip portion 30 may have a solid (i.e., free of voids) cross-section that is perpendicular to axis 115, as shown in Fig. 5 .
- outer edge 125 may be non-circular, as shown in Fig. 5 .
- outer edge 125 may be generally I-shaped (as illustrated), generally +(plus)-shaped, or otherwise shaped.
- tip portion 30 may be cast, forged, or machined from a first material before being positioned within mold 110.
- a molten second material may then be poured into mold 110 over tip portion 30 to form base portion 40, while mold 110 is rotated about axis 115.
- proximate end 70 of tip portion 30 may begin with almost any shape.
- Proximate end 70's shape may change slightly during molding as a result of the metallurgical bonding process, but it should be understood that the shape of base-tip interface 100 may at least generally track the beginning shape of proximate end 70. For example, as shown in Fig.
- proximate end 70 may begin with a plurality of recesses 130 extending from a first side 140 of tip portion 30 to a second side 150 of tip portion 30.
- Each recess 130 may be generally valley-shaped.
- each recess 130 may be generally U-shaped, and may be wider than it is deep (as illustrated in Fig. 6 ).
- proximate end 70 may begin with two recesses 130. Referring to Fig. 7 , when the molten second material is poured into mold 110 over such recesses 130, the second material may slightly deform recesses 130 into recesses 130'.
- the second material may then solidify to form base portion 40 with a plurality of protrusions 160, each extending into a corresponding one of recesses 130' at base-tip interface 100. It should be noted that, in some embodiments, protrusions 160 and recesses 130' may mechanically enhance the bond of base portion 40 to tip portion 30.
- proximate end 70 may begin with recesses 130 that are deeper than they are wide.
- proximate end 70 may begin with recesses 130 that are generally U-shaped (as illustrated in Fig. 6 )
- proximate end 70 may begin with recesses 130 that are generally V-shaped.
- proximate end 70 may begin with recesses 230 that are generally box-shaped.
- proximate end 70 may begin with a single recess 330, as shown in Fig. 9 .
- proximate end 70 may begin with a plurality of recesses 430 in the form of rabbets (i.e., step-shaped recesses) in outer edges 435 of tip portion 30. While Fig. 10 illustrates recesses 430 as extending only from first side 140 to second side 150, recesses 430 may also extend from a third side 440 of tip portion 30 to a fourth side 450 of tip portion 30, as shown in Fig. 11 .
- proximate end 70 may begin with one or more recesses 530 in the form of bathtub-shaped depressions. While such recesses 530 could be the only recesses in proximate end 70, proximate end 70 could also include one or more of the recesses discussed above. For example, as shown in Fig. 13 , proximate end 70 may include two recesses 530 and four recesses 430. In fact, it should be understood that proximate end 70 may include any combination of any number of recesses 130, 230, 330, 430, 530, and/or any other similarly shaped recesses.
- Figs. 14 and 15 are flow diagrams describing exemplary methods of casting articles of manufacture such as wear components 20, and they will be discussed in the following section.
- the disclosed wear components may be fitted to steel components and may be particularly beneficial when fitted to steel wheels of landfill or soil compactors.
- the wear components may be cast such that they facilitate in-field (as opposed to in-maintenance facility) maintenance of the compactors and also minimize the amount of maintenance the compactors require. Exemplary methods of casting articles of manufacture, such as the disclosed wear components, will now be described.
- wear component 20 may be centrifugally cast using a dual-pour method in which molten first and second materials are poured into mold 110 while mold 110 is rotated about axis 115 (referring to Fig. 4 ) (step 1400).
- a molten first material may be poured through funnel 120 into mold 110 to form tip portion 30 while mold 110 is rotated at a first speed (step 1410).
- the first material may have a hardness of at least 45 Rockwell C, making tip portion 30 highly resistant to abrasion resulting from compaction of material and thereby reducing the number of times wear component must be replaced.
- the first material may be white iron (e.g., high-chromium white iron or Ni-Hard), carbidic iron, austempered iron, high-carbon steel, high-carbon alloy steel, tool steel, carbidic steel, or stainless steel.
- funnel 120 may be positioned such that the first material is poured at a fixed location relative to axis 115 (e.g., along axis 115), funnel 120 may alternatively be moved during the pouring such that the first material is poured at a plurality of different locations relative to axis 115.
- the rotation of mold 110 may cause the first material to creep up the sides of mold 110, thereby giving proximate end 70 of tip portion 30 (and thus also base-tip interface 100) a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile, as shown in Fig. 4 .
- Such a profile may enable the first material to protect a large portion of the exterior surface of wear component 20 without occupying a correspondingly large portion of the volume of wear component 20, thereby minimizing the amount of the first material (which may be more costly than the second material) required to form wear component 20.
- the first material may be allowed to cool (step 1420).
- a molten second material may then be poured through funnel 120, into mold 110, over the first material (now tip portion 30) to form base portion 40 while mold 110 is rotated at a second speed, which may or may not be the same as the first speed (step 1430).
- the second material may have a carbon-equivalent (CE) value of less than 0.7, ensuring that base portion 40 can be welded to steel (e.g., steel wheel 10) using portable welding equipment in the field (as opposed to specialized welding procedures typically required to be performed in a maintenance facility).
- the second material may be carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel.
- funnel 120 may be positioned such that the second material is poured at a fixed location relative to axis 115 (e.g., along axis 115), funnel 120 may alternatively be moved such that the second material is poured at a plurality of different locations relative to axis 115.
- the rotation of mold 110 may cause the second material to move radially outward along a surface of the first material when the second material impacts the first material, displacing any foreign materials (e.g., oxide films) on the surface of the first material.
- the second material may then metallurgically bond base portion 40 to tip portion 30.
- the rotation of mold 110 may also cause the second material to creep up the sides of mold 110, facilitating the formation of recess 80 in mounting end 75 of base portion 40.
- This recess 80 may, in turn, become a hollow cavity when wear component 20 is attached to wheel 10, thereby reducing the weight of wear component 20 relative to a similarly sized (but solid) wear component.
- Such weight reduction may minimize stresses on drivetrain components of compactors using wear components 20, thereby extending the life of the drivetrain components and reducing maintenance costs associated with the drivetrain components. Additionally, the weight reduction may minimize the amount of fuel required to operate the compactors, thereby reducing operating costs associated with the compactors.
- wear component 20 may be centrifugally cast using a tip portion 30 that is cast, forged, or machined from the first material before being positioned within mold 110 (step 1500).
- tip portion 30 may be positioned with its proximate end 70 facing upward such that any material poured over tip portion 30 is poured over proximate end 70.
- the molten second material may be poured into mold 110 over tip portion 30 to form base portion 40 (step 1520).
- funnel 120 may be positioned such that the second material is poured at a fixed location relative to axis 115 (e.g., along axis 115), funnel 120 may alternatively be moved such that the second material is poured at a plurality of different locations relative to axis 115.
- the rotation of mold 110 may cause the second material to move radially outward along proximate end 70 when the second material impacts the first material, displacing any foreign materials (e.g., oxide films) on proximate end 70.
- the movement may be at least partially guided by recesses 130, 230, 330, 430, and/or 530 of proximate end 70, potentially speeding up and/or slowing down the movement, and thereby maximizing the displacement of foreign materials.
- the second material may then metallurgically bond base portion 40 to tip portion 30.
- the rotation of mold 110 may also cause the second material to creep up the sides of mold 110, facilitating the formation of recess 80 in the same way as discussed above with respect to the dual-pour method.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of
U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/809,018, filed April 5, 2013 - The present disclosure relates generally to wear components and, more particularly, to wear components for compactor wheels.
- Compactors such as, for example, landfill compactors and soil compactors typically include steel wheels, which are fitted with teeth that extend radially outward from the wheels to engage and compact material over which the compactors are driven. Over time, the teeth wear down, and they eventually need to be replaced.
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U.S. Patent No. 6,632,045 to McCartney ("the '045 patent") discloses an exemplary tooth. The tooth of the '045 patent is a two-part tooth that is adapted to be welded to a steel wheel. It includes a base constructed from a weldable material, and a cap constructed of a harder metal than the metal used for the base. According to the '045 patent, the tooth is manufactured by casting the base in a first mold, moving the base to a second mold, and casting the cap onto the base in the second mold. When casting the cap, molten metal flows into mating formations of the base, ensuring that the cap is firmly keyed to the base when the molten metal solidifies. Further, such tooth is known fromUS 2013/0075456 A . - While the tooth of the '045 patent may be appropriate for certain applications, it may not be well-suited for others. For example, the tooth of the '045 patent may not be well-suited for applications in which its weight stresses drivetrain components of a compactor without meaningfully improving compaction. In such applications, the tooth might cause premature failure of the drivetrain components, thereby unnecessarily increasing maintenance costs associated with the compactor.
- The various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward overcoming one or more deficiencies of the prior art.
- In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wear component includes a base portion and a tip portion. The tip portion includes a proximate end and a distal end. The proximate end is metallurgically bonded to the base portion at a base-tip interface, which has a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile. The distal end defines an exterior surface of the wear component.
- In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wear component includes a base portion and a tip portion. The tip portion includes a proximate end, a distal end, and an at least partially concave side surface extending from the distal end to the proximate end. The proximate end is metallurgically bonded to the base portion at a base-tip interface. The distal end defines an exterior surface of the wear component.
- In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a wear component includes a base portion and a tip portion. The base portion includes a plurality of protrusions. The tip portion includes a proximate end and a distal end. The proximate end includes a plurality of recesses, and is metallurgically bonded to the base portion at a base-tip interface, where the plurality of protrusions extends into the plurality of recesses. The distal end defines an exterior surface of the wear component.
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Fig. 1 is a pictorial illustration of an exemplary wheel for use with a compactor; -
Fig. 2 is a pictorial illustration of an exemplary wear component for use with the wheel ofFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 3 is a magnified cross-sectional view of an exemplary interface between exemplary tip and base portions of the wear component ofFig. 2 ; -
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary apparatus for casting the wear component ofFigs. 2 and3 ; -
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the wear component ofFigs 2-4 in an exemplary mold of the apparatus ofFig. 4 ; -
Fig. 6 is a pictorial illustration of another exemplary tip portion; -
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the tip portion ofFig. 6 bonded to another exemplary base portion; -
Figs. 8-13 are pictorial illustrations of yet further exemplary tip portions; and -
Figs. 14 and15 are flow charts describing exemplary disclosed methods of casting articles of manufacture, such as the wear components of the other figures. -
Fig. 1 illustrates asteel wheel 10 for use with a mobile machine, such as a landfill or soil compactor. As shown, wearcomponents 20 in the form of teeth are fitted towheel 10, and extend radially outward fromwheel 10 to engage and compact material over whichwheel 10 is driven. It should be understood, however, that wearcomponents 20 may be teeth that are fitted to another type of part (e.g., a bucket) or may be another type of wear component entirely (e.g., hammers on disk rotors of a scrap metal shredder). In any case, in certain embodiments (e.g., the embodiment ofFig. 1 ), eachwear component 20 may include atip portion 30 that extends radially outward fromwheel 10 to engage and compact material over whichsteel wheel 10 is driven. In these embodiments,tip portion 30 may be connected towheel 10 by abase portion 40 of itswear component 20, which may be welded towheel 10. -
Tip portion 30 may have adistal end 50 defining an exterior surface of itswear component 20. As shown inFig. 1 ,distal end 50 may be generally I-shaped. It should be understood, however, thatdistal end 50 may be otherwise shaped. For example,distal end 50 may be generally +(plus)-shaped. Alternatively,distal end 50 may have another shape conducive to compacting material.Tip portion 30 may also includeside surfaces 60 extending fromdistal end 50 to aproximate end 70 oftip portion 30. In certain embodiments,side surfaces 60 may be at least partially concave, enabling them to deflect material away frombase portion 40 and thereby protectbase portion 40 from wear. Alternatively,side surfaces 60 may have other shapes that are conducive to compacting material (e.g., shapes that are not at least partially concave). Regardless oftip portion 30's shape,tip portion 30 may be formed from a material with a hardness of at least 45 Rockwell C, making it highly resistant to abrasion resulting from compaction of material. For example,tip portion 30 may be formed from white iron (e.g., high-chromium white iron or Ni-Hard), carbidic iron, austempered iron, high-carbon steel, high-carbon alloy steel, tool steel, carbidic steel, or stainless steel. - Referring to
Fig. 2 ,base portion 40 may include amounting end 75 for attachingwear component 20 towheel 10, a distal end 77opposite mounting end 75, andside surfaces 78 extending from mountingend 75 to distal end 77. As shown, mountingend 75 is generally shaped to follow a contour ofwheel 10, thereby facilitating the attachment ofwear component 20 towheel 10. Notably, however, mountingend 75 may include arecess 80, which does not follow the contour ofwheel 10.Recess 80 may become a hollow cavity whenwear component 20 is attached towheel 10, thereby reducing the weight ofwear component 20 relative to a similarly sized (but solid) wear component.Base portion 40 may be formed from a material with a carbon-equivalent (CE) value of less than 0.7, ensuring that it can be welded to steel (e.g., steel wheel 10) using portable welding equipment in the field (as opposed to specialized welding procedures typically required to be performed in a maintenance facility). For example,base portion 40 may be formed from steel (e.g., carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel). -
Base portion 40 may be metallurgically bonded to tipportion 30, that is,portion 40 may be attached toportion 30 primarily by metallurgical bonding. In particular, distal end 77 ofbase portion 40 may be metallurgically bonded toproximate end 70 oftip portion 30. As shown inFig. 3 , the interface between distal end 77 and proximate end 70 ("base-tip interface 100") may thus be composed solely of a mixture of the material ofbase portion 40 and the material oftip portion 30. That is, base-tip interface 100 may include no adhesive or filler metal, no oxide films, and no voids. - The shape of base-tip interface 100 (and thus distal end 77 and proximate end 70) may be non-planar, and may be related to the method by which wear
component 20 is cast. For example, referring toFig. 4 , wearcomponent 20 may be centrifugally cast using a dual-pour method in which molten first and second materials are poured through afunnel 120 into arotating mold 110. The molten first material may be poured first to formtip portion 30 whilemold 110 is rotated at a first speed. After allowing the first material to cool, the second material may then be poured over the first material (now tip portion 30) to formbase portion 40 whilemold 110 is rotated at a second speed, which may or may not be the same as the first speed. Both pours may take place whilemold 110 is rotated about anaxis 115 that is generally parallel to a direction of gravitational acceleration (i.e., a direction in which the materials fall as they are poured). Such rotation may cause the first material to creep up the sides ofmold 110, thereby givingproximate end 70 of tip portion 30 (and thus also base-tip interface 100) a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile, as shown inFig. 4 . It should be noted that, below base-tip interface 100,tip portion 30 may have a solid (i.e., free of voids) cross-section that is perpendicular toaxis 115, as shown inFig. 5 . Further, it should be understood that the shape of theouter edge 125 of any cross-section oftip portion 30 that is perpendicular toaxis 115 will be defined by the shape ofmold 110. Thus,outer edge 125 may be non-circular, as shown inFig. 5 . For example,outer edge 125 may be generally I-shaped (as illustrated), generally +(plus)-shaped, or otherwise shaped. - In another method of centrifugally casting
wear component 20,tip portion 30 may be cast, forged, or machined from a first material before being positioned withinmold 110. A molten second material may then be poured intomold 110 overtip portion 30 to formbase portion 40, whilemold 110 is rotated aboutaxis 115. With this second method,proximate end 70 oftip portion 30 may begin with almost any shape.Proximate end 70's shape may change slightly during molding as a result of the metallurgical bonding process, but it should be understood that the shape of base-tip interface 100 may at least generally track the beginning shape ofproximate end 70. For example, as shown inFig. 6 ,proximate end 70 may begin with a plurality ofrecesses 130 extending from afirst side 140 oftip portion 30 to asecond side 150 oftip portion 30. Eachrecess 130 may be generally valley-shaped. For example, eachrecess 130 may be generally U-shaped, and may be wider than it is deep (as illustrated inFig. 6 ). In certain embodiments,proximate end 70 may begin with tworecesses 130. Referring toFig. 7 , when the molten second material is poured intomold 110 oversuch recesses 130, the second material may slightly deformrecesses 130 into recesses 130'. The second material may then solidify to formbase portion 40 with a plurality ofprotrusions 160, each extending into a corresponding one of recesses 130' at base-tip interface 100. It should be noted that, in some embodiments,protrusions 160 and recesses 130' may mechanically enhance the bond ofbase portion 40 to tipportion 30. - The number, shape, and placement of any
protrusions 160 extending intoproximate end 70 oftip portion 30 at base-tip interface 100 may be affected by the beginning shape ofproximate end 70. For example, rather than beginning withrecesses 130 that are wider than they are deep (as illustrated inFig. 6 ),proximate end 70 may begin withrecesses 130 that are deeper than they are wide. As another example, rather than beginning withrecesses 130 that are generally U-shaped (as illustrated inFig. 6 ),proximate end 70 may begin withrecesses 130 that are generally V-shaped. Alternatively, as illustrated inFig. 8 ,proximate end 70 may begin withrecesses 230 that are generally box-shaped. In yet another alternative embodiment, rather than beginning with a plurality ofrecesses 130 or 230 (as illustrated inFigs. 6 and8 ),proximate end 70 may begin with a single recess 330, as shown inFig. 9 . - Alternatively, as illustrated in
Fig. 10 ,proximate end 70 may begin with a plurality ofrecesses 430 in the form of rabbets (i.e., step-shaped recesses) inouter edges 435 oftip portion 30. WhileFig. 10 illustratesrecesses 430 as extending only fromfirst side 140 tosecond side 150, recesses 430 may also extend from athird side 440 oftip portion 30 to afourth side 450 oftip portion 30, as shown inFig. 11 . - In yet another alternative embodiment, as shown in
Figs. 12 and 13 ,proximate end 70 may begin with one ormore recesses 530 in the form of bathtub-shaped depressions. Whilesuch recesses 530 could be the only recesses inproximate end 70,proximate end 70 could also include one or more of the recesses discussed above. For example, as shown inFig. 13 ,proximate end 70 may include tworecesses 530 and fourrecesses 430. In fact, it should be understood thatproximate end 70 may include any combination of any number ofrecesses -
Figs. 14 and15 are flow diagrams describing exemplary methods of casting articles of manufacture such aswear components 20, and they will be discussed in the following section. - The disclosed wear components may be fitted to steel components and may be particularly beneficial when fitted to steel wheels of landfill or soil compactors. The wear components may be cast such that they facilitate in-field (as opposed to in-maintenance facility) maintenance of the compactors and also minimize the amount of maintenance the compactors require. Exemplary methods of casting articles of manufacture, such as the disclosed wear components, will now be described.
- Referring to
Fig. 14 ,wear component 20 may be centrifugally cast using a dual-pour method in which molten first and second materials are poured intomold 110 whilemold 110 is rotated about axis 115 (referring toFig. 4 ) (step 1400). First, a molten first material may be poured throughfunnel 120 intomold 110 to formtip portion 30 whilemold 110 is rotated at a first speed (step 1410). The first material may have a hardness of at least 45 Rockwell C, makingtip portion 30 highly resistant to abrasion resulting from compaction of material and thereby reducing the number of times wear component must be replaced. For example, as discussed above, the first material may be white iron (e.g., high-chromium white iron or Ni-Hard), carbidic iron, austempered iron, high-carbon steel, high-carbon alloy steel, tool steel, carbidic steel, or stainless steel. Whilefunnel 120 may be positioned such that the first material is poured at a fixed location relative to axis 115 (e.g., along axis 115), funnel 120 may alternatively be moved during the pouring such that the first material is poured at a plurality of different locations relative toaxis 115. In any case, the rotation ofmold 110 may cause the first material to creep up the sides ofmold 110, thereby givingproximate end 70 of tip portion 30 (and thus also base-tip interface 100) a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile, as shown inFig. 4 . Such a profile may enable the first material to protect a large portion of the exterior surface ofwear component 20 without occupying a correspondingly large portion of the volume ofwear component 20, thereby minimizing the amount of the first material (which may be more costly than the second material) required to formwear component 20. - Next, the first material may be allowed to cool (step 1420). A molten second material may then be poured through
funnel 120, intomold 110, over the first material (now tip portion 30) to formbase portion 40 whilemold 110 is rotated at a second speed, which may or may not be the same as the first speed (step 1430). The second material may have a carbon-equivalent (CE) value of less than 0.7, ensuring thatbase portion 40 can be welded to steel (e.g., steel wheel 10) using portable welding equipment in the field (as opposed to specialized welding procedures typically required to be performed in a maintenance facility). For example, as discussed above, the second material may be carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel. Whilefunnel 120 may be positioned such that the second material is poured at a fixed location relative to axis 115 (e.g., along axis 115), funnel 120 may alternatively be moved such that the second material is poured at a plurality of different locations relative toaxis 115. Notably, the rotation ofmold 110 may cause the second material to move radially outward along a surface of the first material when the second material impacts the first material, displacing any foreign materials (e.g., oxide films) on the surface of the first material. The second material may then metallurgicallybond base portion 40 to tipportion 30. The rotation ofmold 110 may also cause the second material to creep up the sides ofmold 110, facilitating the formation ofrecess 80 in mountingend 75 ofbase portion 40. Thisrecess 80 may, in turn, become a hollow cavity whenwear component 20 is attached towheel 10, thereby reducing the weight ofwear component 20 relative to a similarly sized (but solid) wear component. Such weight reduction may minimize stresses on drivetrain components of compactors usingwear components 20, thereby extending the life of the drivetrain components and reducing maintenance costs associated with the drivetrain components. Additionally, the weight reduction may minimize the amount of fuel required to operate the compactors, thereby reducing operating costs associated with the compactors. - In alternative embodiments and referring to
Fig. 15 ,wear component 20 may be centrifugally cast using atip portion 30 that is cast, forged, or machined from the first material before being positioned within mold 110 (step 1500). In particular,tip portion 30 may be positioned with itsproximate end 70 facing upward such that any material poured overtip portion 30 is poured overproximate end 70. Then, while rotatingmold 110 about axis 115 (step 1510), the molten second material may be poured intomold 110 overtip portion 30 to form base portion 40 (step 1520). Althoughfunnel 120 may be positioned such that the second material is poured at a fixed location relative to axis 115 (e.g., along axis 115), funnel 120 may alternatively be moved such that the second material is poured at a plurality of different locations relative toaxis 115. Notably, the rotation ofmold 110 may cause the second material to move radially outward alongproximate end 70 when the second material impacts the first material, displacing any foreign materials (e.g., oxide films) onproximate end 70. In some embodiments, the movement may be at least partially guided byrecesses proximate end 70, potentially speeding up and/or slowing down the movement, and thereby maximizing the displacement of foreign materials. The second material may then metallurgicallybond base portion 40 to tipportion 30. The rotation ofmold 110 may also cause the second material to creep up the sides ofmold 110, facilitating the formation ofrecess 80 in the same way as discussed above with respect to the dual-pour method. - It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the disclosed wear components without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Other embodiments of the disclosed components will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the components disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
- A wear component (20), comprising:a base portion (40); anda tip portion (30) including:a proximate end (70) metallurgically bonded to the base portion (40) at a base-tip interface (100); anda distal end (50) defining an exterior surface of the wear component (20),wherein the base-tip interface (100) has a generally parabolic cross-sectional profile.
- The wear component (20) of claim 1, wherein:the base portion (40) includes a side surface extending from the base-tip interface (100) to a mounting end (75) of the base portion (40); andthe mounting end (75) includes a recess (130).
- The wear component (20) of claim 1, wherein the tip portion (30) includes an at least partially concave side surface extending from the distal end (50) to the proximate end (70).
- The wear component (20) of claim 1, wherein:the base portion (40) is formed from a first material with a carbon-equivalent (CE) value of less than 0.7; andthe tip portion (30) is formed from a second material with a hardness of at least 45 Rockwell C.
- The wear component (20) of claim 4, wherein:the first material is steel; andthe second material is steel or iron.
- The wear component (20) of claim 5, wherein:the first material is carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel; andthe second material is high-chromium white iron or Ni-Hard.
- The wear component (20) of any of claims 1-6, wherein:the base portion (40) includes a plurality of protrusions (160); andthe tip portion (30) includes a plurality of recesses (130);wherein, at the base-tip interface (100), the plurality of protrusions (160) extend into the plurality of recesses (130).
- The wear component (20) of claim 7, wherein the plurality of recesses (130) extend from a first side of the tip portion (30) to a second side of the tip portion (30) opposite the first side.
- The wear component (20) of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of recesses (130) is a rabbet in an outer edge (125) of the tip portion (30).
- The wear component (20) of claim 7, wherein the proximate end (70) includes two recesses (130).
- The wear component (20) of claim 7, wherein:the base portion (40) includes a side surface extending from the base-tip interface (100) to a mounting end (75) of the base portion (40); andthe mounting end (75) includes a recess (130).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361809018P | 2013-04-05 | 2013-04-05 | |
US14/243,379 US20140301786A1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-02 | Wear component for compactor wheel |
PCT/US2014/032854 WO2014165689A1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-03 | Wear component for compactor wheel |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2981650A1 EP2981650A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2981650A4 EP2981650A4 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2981650B1 true EP2981650B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
Family
ID=51654563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14780203.7A Active EP2981650B1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-04-03 | Wear component for compactor wheel |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20140301786A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2981650B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105229234A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2908359C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014165689A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2565073B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2021-10-13 | Bernard Mccartney Ltd | Compactor tooth, base therefor and related method |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4784922A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-11-15 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Corrosion-resistant clad steel and method for producing the same |
CA2190366A1 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-09-19 | James O. Caron | Improved transfer station wheels |
US6712551B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2004-03-30 | Caterpillar Inc | Compactor tooth |
CN2769323Y (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-04-05 | 徐州工程机械科技股份有限公司徐工研究院 | Surface tread type compacting roller |
CN101134232B (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2011-01-19 | 赤峰市恒泰特种钢铸造有限责任公司 | Technique for producing anticentripetal composite abrasion-proof hammer tools |
US20090045669A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Two-Piece Compactor Wheel Tip |
EP2344681B1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2017-08-30 | Acme United Corporation | Coatings for cutting implements |
CN201366806Y (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-12-23 | 山推工程机械股份有限公司 | Wear resistant lug of compactor |
US7959375B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-06-14 | Terra Compactor Wheel Corp. | Horizontal scissor-tip compaction wheel cleat |
US20120213586A1 (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-23 | Caterpillar, Inc. | Wrapper Tip Assembly For Compactor Wheel Assembly |
US8696239B2 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2014-04-15 | Terra Compactor Wheel Corp. | Full metal jacket compaction wheel cleat and method of manufacturing thereof |
US20130075456A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-03-28 | Michael Hans Hinrichsen | Compactor wheel assembly |
-
2014
- 2014-04-02 US US14/243,379 patent/US20140301786A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-04-03 CA CA2908359A patent/CA2908359C/en active Active
- 2014-04-03 CN CN201480028881.6A patent/CN105229234A/en active Pending
- 2014-04-03 EP EP14780203.7A patent/EP2981650B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-03 WO PCT/US2014/032854 patent/WO2014165689A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2981650A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
CA2908359C (en) | 2021-08-10 |
US20140301786A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CA2908359A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CN105229234A (en) | 2016-01-06 |
WO2014165689A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
EP2981650A4 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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