CN113198982B - Casting method of flywheel casting - Google Patents

Casting method of flywheel casting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113198982B
CN113198982B CN202110284000.9A CN202110284000A CN113198982B CN 113198982 B CN113198982 B CN 113198982B CN 202110284000 A CN202110284000 A CN 202110284000A CN 113198982 B CN113198982 B CN 113198982B
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casting
cross
pouring
flywheel
runner
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CN113198982A (en
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宋贤发
吴超
项铮宇
徐莉雄
伍林
周宁
詹善国
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Ningbo Tuotie Machinery Co ltd
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Ningbo Tuotie Machinery Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

A casting method of a flywheel casting comprises the following steps: 40-45% of pig iron, 15-20% of scrap steel and 35-45% of foundry returns, putting the materials into a smelting furnace, heating the materials to melt the materials to obtain a raw iron liquid, and continuously heating the raw iron liquid to 1500-1520 ℃; the obtained raw iron liquid comprises, by mass, 3.10-3.30% of C, 1.2-1.35% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, and the balance of Fe; 0.2-0.3% of electrolytic copper is added into a casting ladle in advance, and an inoculant is added by a flushing method to obtain molten iron; the iron liquid comprises, by mass, 3.0-3.20% of C, 1.75-1.9% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, 0.15-0.28% of Cu, and the balance of Fe; standing the molten iron, pouring the molten iron into a pouring system to form a casting when the temperature is reduced to 1370-1410 ℃, and obtaining the flywheel casting after the casting is cooled. The escalator dynamic balance device has the advantages that the defects of slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like are not easy to occur, and the dynamic balance requirement for the escalator can be particularly met.

Description

Casting method of flywheel casting
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of casting, and particularly relates to a casting method of a flywheel casting for an escalator.
Background
Along with the improvement of living standard of people, the escalator used as a travel tool is more and more widely used and is more visible everywhere in public places. The escalator is widely applied to various crowded areas such as large buildings, markets, rail transit, high-speed rails, airports and the like, and is a modern three-dimensional traffic tool.
The main machine of the escalator is a power source for the motion of the escalator, the motion of the main machine drives the whole escalator to run, and particularly, the rotating speed of the flywheel of the main machine is very high when the flywheel works, and the requirement on the stability is very high. The flywheel is a device for storing energy, can store or release energy properly according to the running condition of the machine, keeps the running stability of the hobbing machine, rotates at high speed, can store or release energy due to inertia effect, overcomes motion resistance and enables the engine to run stably. When the device runs at an overspeed, the device can store energy to slowly accelerate the device, so that the device is prevented from running at a high speed suddenly and losing control due to untimely operation; when the vehicle runs at low speed, the energy can be released, so that the vehicle slowly slows down, and the vehicle is prevented from stopping due to sudden low speed. Therefore, the flywheel stores the action of the rotational kinetic energy, the fluctuation of the running speed of the escalator and the moving sidewalk can be reduced, and the energy is released when the escalator and the moving sidewalk brake, so that the braking process is more stable.
As shown in fig. 1, the casting structure of the flywheel comprises a casting body a in a disc shape, wherein one surface of the casting body is a flat bottom surface, the other surface of the casting body is provided with a raised annular bulge part b which is thicker and is close to the periphery, the annular bulge part is provided with a middle radial plate c which is thinner and is radially inwards, the center of the annular bulge part is provided with a central hole, and the periphery of the central hole is provided with a raised circular ring which surrounds the central hole; the flywheel casting is made of gray iron casting, the outer diameter of the casting is phi 410mm multiplied by 22mm, the thickness of a middle spoke plate is 12mm, the center hole is phi 38mm multiplied by 29mm, the weight is 28kg, and the dynamic balance requirements are that the balance speed is 560u per minute and the unbalance is less than 1 g. As is known, a flywheel is an inertia wheel on a main machine, so that when the flywheel rotates, the dynamic balance of the flywheel must be ensured to meet the technical requirements.
However, some flywheel products with special structures are difficult to ensure dynamic balance due to the asymmetry of the structures; in addition, the uneven material inside the flywheel and the deformation caused by the residual casting stress are also main factors influencing the dynamic balance, so the method is the preferred method for improving the material uniformity of the cast product and reducing the residual casting stress starting from improving the manufacturing process. The existing flywheel casting mold structure is generally characterized in that no riser or a side riser is arranged (directly arranged on the end face of a casting cavity body), so that the problem that the feeding is difficult to realize at the far end or is uneven exists in the structure, the feeding is more difficult to realize even feeding when a flywheel is thin, and the requirement of the flywheel on the uniformity of the casting internal structure is difficult to meet.
It is therefore particularly critical to provide a casting method suitable for the dynamic balance of fig. 1.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the casting method of the flywheel casting, which is not easy to have the defects of slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like and can particularly meet the dynamic balance requirement for the escalator.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: a casting method of a flywheel casting comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-45% of pig iron, 15-20% of scrap steel and 35-45% of foundry returns;
(2) putting all pig iron, scrap steel and a returned material into a smelting furnace, heating to melt the furnace material to obtain a raw iron liquid, and continuously heating the raw iron liquid to 1500-1520 ℃; the obtained raw iron liquid comprises, by mass, 3.10-3.30% of C, 1.2-1.35% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, and the balance of Fe;
(3) 0.2-0.3% of electrolytic copper is added into a casting ladle in advance, an inoculant is added by a flushing method, the original molten iron is inoculated and alloyed, the grain size of the inoculant is 3-8 mm, the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.7-1.0% of the mass of the original molten iron, and the molten iron is obtained after uniform stirring; the iron liquid comprises, by mass, 3.0-3.20% of C, 1.75-1.9% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, 0.15-0.28% of Cu, and the balance of Fe;
(4) standing the molten iron, pouring the molten iron into a pouring system to form a casting when the temperature is reduced to 1370-1410 ℃, and obtaining the flywheel casting after the casting is cooled.
Preferably, the inoculant in the step (3) is a silicon-barium inoculant which comprises, by mass, 71-73% of Si, 0.7-1.3% of Ca, 1.8-2.2% of Ba, less than or equal to 1.2% of Al, less than or equal to 0.02% of S and the balance of iron.
Preferably, the gating system in the step (4) comprises a casting cavity body and a gating structure, wherein the gating structure comprises a sprue, a cross gate, an ingate and a riser; the cross runners comprise a first cross runner, a second cross runner and a third cross runner, the first cross runner and the third cross runner are positioned at the same horizontal plane, the second cross runner is positioned below the first cross runner and the third cross runner, and two ends of the second cross runner are respectively connected with the first cross runner and the third cross runner; the sprue is vertically connected with the first cross gate, the four ingates are arranged, one end of each ingate is connected with the third cross gate, and the other ends of the four ingates are connected with the casting cavity body; the two risers are arranged on the opposite sides of the cross gate and connected with the casting cavity body.
By adopting the structure, the flow speed of the molten iron can be effectively slowed down by arranging the plurality of sections of cross runners and arranging the cross runners up and down in the horizontal direction, the stability of the molten iron entering a casting cavity body can be effectively improved, and the casting mold structure with the defects of slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like is not easy to appear; and this application has still set up two rising heads, and the rising head is located one side relative with the cross gate can guarantee that the distal end is easy to be supplied with the shrinkage, the feeding is even, even also realize more easily that the feeding is even when the flywheel is thinner that effectual requirement that the foundry goods inner structure that satisfies the flywheel is even.
Preferably, the height of the cross gate is 4-6 times of the thickness of a middle radial plate of the casting cavity body; the arrangement can ensure that molten iron in the pouring system can be supplemented in time when liquid shrinkage is carried out on the casting by the molten iron, and defects such as air holes and shrinkage cavities are prevented.
Preferably, the cross section of the straight pouring channel is circular, the cross section of the horizontal pouring channel is trapezoidal, and the cross section of the inner pouring gate is trapezoidal.
Further preferably, the inner diameter (diameter) of the sprue is 30mm, and the cross section of the first runnerThe size is 20mm (upper bottom)/25 mm (lower bottom)/50 mm (height), the cross section size of the second transverse pouring channel is 20mm (upper bottom)/25 mm (lower bottom)/50 mm (height), the cross section size of the third transverse pouring channel is 20mm (upper bottom)/25 mm (lower bottom)/50 mm (height), the cross section size of the ingate is 20mm (upper bottom)/22 mm (lower bottom)/4 mm (thickness or height), and the proportion of all pouring units is FStraight bar：FFirst horizontal bar：FSecond horizontal bar：FThird rail：FInner part＝2.1：3.3：3.3：3.3：1。
Preferably, a fiber filter screen is arranged on the contact surface of the first cross runner and the second cross runner, and the aperture of the fiber filter screen is 1.5 multiplied by 1.5 mm; adopt this structure, slag inclusion, the impurity that can effectual purification molten iron obtain more even molten iron, prevent the appearance of casting defect.
Preferably, the length of the first runner is less than that of the second runner, and the length of the second runner is less than that of the third runner; by adopting the structure, the flow speed of the molten iron in the transverse pouring channel can be reasonably controlled, so that more stable molten iron is obtained, and the casting defects of the final casting are reduced.
Preferably, the first cross gate, the second cross gate and the third cross gate are all arranged in an arc shape, and the extension direction of the arc shape is adapted to the outer diameter profile of the casting cavity body; thus, the iron liquid can be ensured to flow more stably.
Preferably, the contact part between the first runner and the second runner is larger than the contact part between the second runner and the third runner; therefore, the flow speed of the molten iron can be reduced, and the molten iron entering the casting cavity body is ensured to be more stable.
Preferably, the four inner gates extend along the radial direction of the casting cavity body and are communicated with the side wall of the casting cavity body; by adopting the structure, the molten iron can be ensured to enter the casting cavity body more uniformly.
Preferably, the bottom surfaces of the four ingates and the bottom surface of the third runner are flush with each other.
Preferably, the riser is communicated with the casting cavity body through a flat channel, the flat channel is positioned on the side wall of the casting cavity body, and the extension direction of the riser is consistent with that of the sprue; by adopting the structure, more ideal fluid infusion effect can be realized.
Further preferably, the riser comprises a first riser section and a second riser section, the height of the first riser section is greater than that of the second riser section, and the flat channel is connected with the second riser section; by adopting the structure, more ideal fluid infusion effect can be realized.
Further preferably, the first riser section and the second riser section are both of unequal-diameter columnar structures.
The application has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the casting process, specific casting process and method steps are set, the whole production and casting process of the flywheel casting is more stable by changing the proportion of raw materials, the adding sequence and the difference of inoculation methods and combining a specific gating system structure, the obtained casting does not have the defects of slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like, and the requirement for the unbalance degree of the main engine flywheel in the escalator can be met.
2. In the production process of the casting, the content of the components of the original molten iron is firstly controlled to be 3.10-3.30% of C, 1.2-1.35% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S and the balance of Fe; then, 0.2-0.3% of electrolytic copper is added into the casting ladle in advance for the second time, and then an inoculant is added to obtain molten iron with the following components of 3.0-3.20% of C, 1.75-1.9% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, 0.15-0.28% of Cu0.15 and the balance of Fe for the second time; and then cooling and pouring in a specific pouring system of the application, wherein the obtained product has the unbalance degree of 0.7-0.8g, so that the performance requirements of the application scenes of the main engine flywheel product in the escalator handrail are met, and the phenomena of shrinkage, shrinkage and the like do not occur.
3. The method is characterized in that the electrolytic copper accounts for the original molten iron, 0.2-0.3% of the electrolytic copper is added into a casting ladle in advance instead of being added into a smelting furnace together with other raw materials in the step (1), because a flywheel is a small casting, the electrolytic copper is less in dosage and is directly placed at the bottom of the casting ladle, and the copper is quickly dissolved and uniformly mixed with the molten iron; if the copper material and the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace together, the loss of the copper material is inevitably caused, so that the components of molten iron are influenced, and finally, the performance of a casting is influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flywheel of a main engine.
As shown in the attached drawings: a. the casting comprises a casting body, a ring-shaped bulge and a middle spoke plate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (pouring direction) of the flywheel casting pouring system of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the pouring system for flywheel castings according to the present application (pouring in the opposite direction).
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram (pouring direction) of the pouring structure of the flywheel casting.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a casting structure of the flywheel casting of the present application (casting in the opposite direction).
Fig. 6 is a front view structural schematic diagram of fig. 4 of the present application.
As shown in the attached drawings: 1. the casting mold cavity comprises a casting mold cavity body, 2. a pouring structure, 3. a sprue, 4. a cross runner, 4.1. a first cross runner, 4.2. a second cross runner, 4.3. a third cross runner, 5. an inner pouring gate, 6. a riser, 6.1. a second riser section, 6.2. a second riser section, 7. a fiber filter screen and 8. a flat channel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only preferred embodiments, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention;
further, it is to be noted that: when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present, secured by way of the intervening elements. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The casting body and the casting cavity body (namely a cavity which forms a casting modeling structure and can obtain a casting after molten iron is filled in the cavity and is cooled) can be referred to in the same way, and the casting cavity is used for filling the molten iron to finally form a complete casting structure, so that the structures of the casting body and the casting cavity are the same as the shapes of specific parts at various positions.
Method example 1:
the casting method of the flywheel casting comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% of pig iron, 18% of scrap steel and 42% of foundry returns.
(2) Putting all pig iron, scrap steel and scrap returns into a furnace to be heated so that the furnace materials are melted and heated to 1515 ℃;
(3) 0.3% of electrolytic copper is added into a casting ladle in advance, a silicon-barium inoculant is added by a pouring method, the raw iron liquid is inoculated, the grain size of the inoculant is 3-8 mm, the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.75% of the mass of the raw iron liquid, the inoculant is uniformly stirred, and the iron liquid is obtained, wherein the iron liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 3.15% of C, 1.85% of Si, 0.2% of Mn, 0.26% of P, 0.017% of S, 0.28% of Cu0.28%, and the balance of iron;
(4) and standing the molten iron, pouring a casting when the temperature is reduced to 1400 ℃, and cooling the casting to obtain the gray cast iron for the flywheel.
The gray iron casting prepared in example 1 was tested for dynamic balance properties. The results show that: the degree of unbalance is 0.8g, and the product performance requirements are met.
Method example 2:
the casting method of the flywheel casting comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of pig iron, 20% of scrap steel and 35% of foundry returns.
(2) Putting all pig iron, scrap steel and foundry returns into a furnace to be heated so that the furnace burden is melted and heated to 1520 ℃;
(3) 0.3% of electrolytic copper is added into a casting ladle in advance, a silicon-barium inoculant is added by a flushing method, the original molten iron is inoculated, the grain size of the inoculant is 3-8 mm, the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.9% of the mass of the original molten iron, the inoculant is uniformly stirred, and molten iron with the components of 3.2% of C, 1.80% of Si, 0.22% of Mn, 0.27% of P, 0.018% of S, 0.27% of Cu0.27% and the balance of Fe is obtained;
(4) and standing the molten iron, placing the molten iron in a pouring system for pouring a casting when the temperature is reduced to 1390 ℃, and obtaining the gray cast iron for the flywheel after the casting is cooled.
The gray iron casting prepared in example 2 was tested for dynamic balance properties. The results show that: the degree of unbalance is 0.7g, and the product performance requirements are met.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the concrete structure of the pouring system of step (4) of the production method of gray cast iron for flywheels comprises a casting cavity body 1 and a pouring structure 2, wherein the pouring structure 2 comprises a sprue 3, a cross runner 4, an ingate 5 and a riser 6; the cross runners 4 comprise a first cross runner 4.1, a second cross runner 4.2 and a third cross runner 4.3, the first cross runner 4.1 and the third cross runner 4.3 are positioned at the same horizontal plane, the second cross runner 4.2 is positioned below the first cross runner 4.1 and the third cross runner 4.3, and two ends of the second cross runner 4.2 are respectively connected with the first cross runner 4.1 and the third cross runner 4.3; the sprue 3 is vertically connected with the first runner 4.1, the four ingates 5 are arranged, one end of each ingate is connected with the third runner 4.3, and the other ends of the four ingates 5 are connected with the casting cavity body 1; and two risers 6 are arranged on the opposite sides of the cross gate 4 and are connected with the casting cavity body 1.
The height of the cross gate 4 (namely the height along the axial direction of the flywheel) is 4-6 times of the thickness of a middle radial plate c of the casting cavity body 1 (the axial direction of the flywheel); the arrangement can ensure that molten iron in the pouring system can be supplemented in time when liquid shrinkage is carried out on the casting by the molten iron, and defects such as air holes and shrinkage cavities are prevented.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the cross section of the sprue 3 is circular, the cross section of the runner 4 (the cross section along the axial direction of the flywheel) is trapezoidal (the trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoid), and the cross section of the ingate 5 (the cross section along the axial direction of the flywheel) is trapezoidal and the trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoid.
As a specific example, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the inner diameter (diameter) of the sprue described in the present application is Φ 30mm, the cross-sectional dimension of the first runner is 20mm (upper sole)/25 mm (lower sole)/50 mm (height), the cross-sectional dimension of the second runner is 20mm (upper sole)/25 mm (lower sole)/50 mm (height), the cross-sectional dimension of the third runner is 20mm (upper sole)/25 mm (lower sole)/50 mm (height), the cross-sectional dimension of the ingate is 20mm (upper sole)/22 mm (lower sole)/4 mm (thickness or height), and the ratio F of each casting unit isStraight bar：FFirst horizontal bar：FSecond horizontal bar：FThird bar：FInner part＝2.1：3.3：3.3：3.3：1。
As shown in the attached fig. 2-5, a fiber filter 7 is arranged on the mutual contact surface of the first cross runner 4.1 and the second cross runner 4.2, and the aperture of the fiber filter is 1.5 x 1.5 mm; adopt this structure, slag inclusion, the impurity that can effectual purification molten iron obtain more even molten iron, prevent the appearance of casting defect.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the length of the first runner 4.1 is less than the length of the second runner 4.2, and the length of the second runner 4.2 is less than the length of the third runner 4.3; the above-mentioned length refers to the length in the direction perpendicular to the flywheel axial direction; by adopting the structure, the flow speed of the molten iron in the transverse pouring channel can be reasonably controlled, so that more stable molten iron is obtained, and the casting defects of the final casting are reduced.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the first runner 4.1, the second runner 4.2 and the third runner 4.3 are all arranged in an arc shape, and the extension direction of the arc shape is adapted to the outer diameter profile of the casting cavity body 1; that is to say, the extending direction of this application horizontal runner is unanimous with the circular extending direction of flywheel external diameter, also is convex structure, can guarantee more steady flow of molten iron like this, also adapts to the pouring die cavity of flywheel more.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the contact between the first runner 4.1 and the second runner 4.2 is greater than the contact between the second runner 4.2 and the third runner 4.3 as described herein; that is to say, the opening that flows into the second runner with first runner sets up bigger, can reduce the velocity of flow of molten iron like this, guarantees that the molten iron that gets into foundry goods die cavity body is more steady.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the four gates 5 extend along the radial direction of the casting cavity body 1 and are communicated with the side wall of the casting cavity body 1; by adopting the structure, the molten iron can be ensured to enter the casting cavity body more uniformly.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the bottom surfaces of the four in-gates 5 and the bottom surface of the third runner 4.3 are flush with each other; that is to say, the aperture for the molten iron to flow between the ingate and the third cross gate is ensured not to have height drop, so that the molten iron can more stably flow into the casting cavity, and slag inclusion or impact molding sand is prevented.
As shown in the attached drawings 2 to 3, the dead head 6 is communicated with the casting cavity body 1 through a flat channel 8, the flat channel 8 is positioned on the side wall of the casting cavity body, and the extending direction of the dead head 6 is consistent with the extending direction of the sprue 3; by adopting the structure, more ideal fluid infusion effect can be realized.
As shown in fig. 2-3 and 6, the riser 6 includes a first riser section 6.1 and a second riser section 6.2, the height of the first riser section 6.1 is greater than that of the second riser section 6.2, and the flat channel 8 is connected with the second riser section; by adopting the structure, more ideal fluid infusion effect can be realized. Further preferably, the first riser section and the second riser section are both of a cylindrical structure with different diameters, that is, the first riser section 6.1 is a cylindrical structure with a diameter gradually increasing from top to bottom, the second riser section is a cylindrical structure with a diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom, and the large end of the second riser section is connected with the large-diameter end of the first riser section.
Through reasonable setting of process steps, setting of parameters and working effect of the casting system with the specific structure, the obtained flywheel can effectively meet the requirement of dynamic balance performance of the flywheel in the escalator; the structure is that the multi-section cross runners are arranged in the horizontal direction, so that the flow speed of molten iron can be effectively slowed down, the stability of the molten iron entering a casting cavity body can be effectively improved, the casting mold structure with the defects of slag inclusion, air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like is not easy to appear, and the arrangement of a plurality of inner pouring gates can ensure that the molten iron is more uniformly distributed in the cavity, effectively improve the uniformity of materials in the flywheel and avoid the deformation of residual casting stress, so that the obtained casting has reasonable dynamic balance and provides guarantee for the rotation speed stability of a main engine flywheel during working; and this application has still set up two rising heads, and the rising head is located one side relative with the cross gate can guarantee that the distal end is easy to be supplied with the shrinkage, the feeding is even, even also realize more easily that the feeding is even when the flywheel is thinner that effectual requirement that the foundry goods inner structure that satisfies the flywheel is even.

Claims (8)

1. A casting method of a flywheel casting is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-45% of pig iron, 15-20% of scrap steel and 35-45% of foundry returns;
(2) putting all pig iron, scrap steel and a returned material into a smelting furnace, heating to melt the furnace material to obtain a raw iron liquid, and continuously heating the raw iron liquid to 1500-1520 ℃; the obtained raw iron liquid comprises, by mass, 3.10-3.30% of C, 1.2-1.35% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, and the balance of Fe;
(3) 0.2-0.3% of electrolytic copper is added into a casting ladle in advance, an inoculant is added by a flushing method, the original molten iron is inoculated and alloyed, the grain size of the inoculant is 3-8 mm, the addition amount of the inoculant is 0.7-1.0% of the mass of the original molten iron, and the molten iron is obtained after uniform stirring; the iron liquid comprises, by mass, 3.0-3.20% of C, 1.75-1.9% of Si, 0.10-0.30% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of P, less than or equal to 0.60% of S, 0.15-0.28% of Cu, and the balance of Fe;
(4) standing the molten iron, pouring the molten iron into a pouring system to form a casting when the temperature is reduced to 1370-1410 ℃, and cooling the casting to obtain the flywheel casting;
the pouring system in the step (4) comprises a casting cavity body and a pouring structure, wherein the pouring structure comprises a sprue, a cross gate, an ingate and a riser; the cross runners comprise a first cross runner, a second cross runner and a third cross runner, the first cross runner and the third cross runner are positioned at the same horizontal plane, the second cross runner is positioned below the first cross runner and the third cross runner, and two ends of the second cross runner are respectively connected with the first cross runner and the third cross runner; the sprue is vertically connected with the first cross gate, the four ingates are arranged, one end of each ingate is connected with the third cross gate, and the other ends of the four ingates are connected with the casting cavity body; the two risers are arranged on the opposite sides of the cross gate and connected with the casting cavity body.
2. The casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inoculant in the step (3) is a silicon-barium inoculant which comprises, by mass, 71-73% of Si, 0.7-1.3% of Ca, 1.8-2.2% of Ba, less than or equal to 1.2% of Al, less than or equal to 0.02% of S and the balance of iron.
3. The casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the horizontal pouring channel is 4-6 times of the thickness of a middle radial plate of the casting cavity body; the cross section of the straight pouring gate is circular, the cross section of the horizontal pouring gate is trapezoidal, and the cross section of the inner pouring gate is trapezoidal.
4. According to claimA casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the straight pouring channel is phi 30mm, the cross section of the first horizontal pouring channel is 20mm/25mm/50mm, the cross section of the second horizontal pouring channel is 20mm/25mm/50mm, the cross section of the third horizontal pouring channel is 20mm/25mm/50mm, the cross section of the inner pouring gate is 20mm/22mm/4mm, and the proportion of all pouring units is FStraight bar：FFirst horizontal bar：FSecond horizontal bar：FThird rail：FInner part=2.1：3.3：3.3：3.3：1。
5. The casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: a fiber filter screen is arranged on the contact surface of the first cross gate and the second cross gate, and the aperture of the fiber filter screen is 1.5 multiplied by 1.5 mm; the length of the first cross gate is less than that of the second cross gate, and the length of the second cross gate is less than that of the third cross gate; the first cross gate, the second cross gate and the third cross gate are all arranged in an arc shape, and the extension direction of the arc shape is adapted to the outer diameter profile of the casting cavity body; the contact part between the first cross pouring channel and the second cross pouring channel is larger than the contact part between the second cross pouring channel and the third cross pouring channel.
6. The casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the four inner gates extend along the radial direction of the casting cavity body and are communicated with the side wall of the casting cavity body; the bottom surfaces of the four ingates are flush with the bottom surface of the third horizontal pouring channel; the riser is communicated with the casting cavity body through a flat channel, the flat channel is positioned on the side wall of the casting cavity body, and the extension direction of the riser is consistent with that of the sprue; by adopting the structure, more ideal fluid infusion effect can be realized.
7. The casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 6, characterized in that: the riser include first riser section and second riser section, the height of first riser section is greater than the height of second riser section, and flat passageway is connected with the second riser section.
8. The casting method of a flywheel casting according to claim 7, characterized in that: the first riser section and the second riser section are both of unequal-diameter columnar structures.
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