EP2979893B2 - Élement de securite optique variable - Google Patents

Élement de securite optique variable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2979893B2
EP2979893B2 EP15002084.0A EP15002084A EP2979893B2 EP 2979893 B2 EP2979893 B2 EP 2979893B2 EP 15002084 A EP15002084 A EP 15002084A EP 2979893 B2 EP2979893 B2 EP 2979893B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pixel elements
tiling
tiles
security element
image information
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Active
Application number
EP15002084.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2979893B1 (fr
EP2979893A1 (fr
Inventor
Falk Amthor
Thomas Gerhardt
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optically variable security element for protecting security papers, value documents and other data carriers, with a motif area that shows different image information from different viewing directions.
  • Data storage media such as valuables or identification documents, but also other valuable items, such as branded goods, are often provided with security elements for security purposes. These elements allow the authenticity of the data storage media to be verified and also serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
  • Security elements with viewing-angle-dependent effects play a special role in authenticity assurance, as these cannot be reproduced even with the most modern copying machines.
  • These security elements are equipped with optically variable elements that convey a different image impression to the viewer at different viewing angles, for example, displaying a different color or brightness impression and/or a different graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.
  • the motif area of the security element is usually divided into a plurality of square or circular pixels or a plurality of rectangular stripes.
  • the pixels or stripes are divided into several groups, with each group of pixels or stripes generating the image information for a specific viewing direction.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying an optically variable security element of the type mentioned above with particularly high levels of forgery protection.
  • Ticking is understood to mean a seamless and overlap-free covering of the plane by uniform partial areas (hereinafter referred to as tiles). While the actual ticking of the plane as such extends to infinity by definition, for the invention only a finite sub-area of the plane, namely the sub-area formed by the motif area, is of interest. In this sub-area, the pixel elements of the motif area correspond to the tiles of the ticking. Just as the tiles cover the plane seamlessly and without overlap, the pixel elements also cover the motif area seamlessly and without overlap. Since the pixel elements within the motif area represent the tiles of the ticking, the terms pixel element and tile are often used synonymously in this description.
  • all tiles in the tiling can have the same shape, or there is a finite set of different tile templates (hereafter called prototiles) that determine the shape of the tiles appearing in the tiling.
  • Each pixel element has a maximum dimension below 500 ⁇ m and preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • each tile of the tiling is congruent to an element of a set of distinct prototiles, with the cardinality of the prototile set being advantageously less than or equal to 6 and, in particular, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • the cardinality of the prototile set is 1, so that each tile of the tiling is congruent to exactly one prototile.
  • Such a tiling is called a monohedral tiling.
  • the tiling is periodic, i.e., the symmetry group of the tiling contains two linearly independent shifts.
  • a mapping that maps the tiling onto itself is referred to as the symmetry of the tiling.
  • the set of all such symmetries forms a group, which is referred to as the symmetry group of the tiling.
  • the symmetry group of the tiling contains at least one rotational symmetry of order 3 or 6. In the other aspects of the invention, in advantageous embodiments, the symmetry group of the tiling contains at least one rotational symmetry of order 2, 3, 4 or 6.
  • the tiling is aperiodic and in particular represents a Penrose tiling.
  • Aperiodic tilings can be constructed from one or more prototiles.
  • edges Those edge points of the tiles where at least three tiles touch are referred to as nodes, as in graph theory, and the edge areas between the nodes are referred to as edges.
  • the edges are each composed of two or more straight line segments, each forming an angle.
  • the edges can also be curved and described, for example, by second-degree Bezier curves, B-splines, or NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines).
  • the edge of at least one prototile represents a natural motif, namely a plant, an animal, a human, or a mythical creature.
  • the edge of at least one prototile advantageously represents a natural motif, in particular a plant, an animal, a human, or a mythical creature.
  • the motif area contains a naked-eye image motif whose outline corresponds to the outline of a prototile.
  • the naked-eye image motif expediently has dimensions of more than 5 mm, in particular more than 10 mm.
  • the size ratio of the image motif to the corresponding prototile is preferably 10 or more, in particular 20 or more, or even 50 or more.
  • the pixel elements of the groups generating image information are suitably covered with diffractive structures, holographic structures, subwavelength gratings, printed structures, color-shifting thin-film elements, color-producing nanoparticles, polarizing elements, refractive structures such as micromirrors, microlenses or microfresnel lenses, or other functional layers.
  • the structures can, for example, have Gaussian or sinusoidal profiles or be formed by rectangular gratings, cones, triangular gratings or subwavelength gratings.
  • At least some of the pixel elements can additionally be covered with further functional layers, in particular with electrical or magnetic functional layers, which can generate an additional, machine-verifiable coding in the security element.
  • the pixel elements can also be covered with multiple structures simultaneously, for example, to create mixed colors. It is also not necessary for all pixel elements to be covered with the same type of structure.
  • a first group of pixel elements can be covered with holographic structures, while another group is covered with micromirrors or printed structures.
  • a group of pixel elements does not generate any image information, so that these pixel elements act like cutouts in the subject area.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10 provided with a security element according to the invention in the form of an adhesively bonded transfer element 12.
  • the transfer element 12 represents an alternating image that presents the viewer with different image information 14A, 14B, and 14C from three different viewing directions.
  • the image information for illustration is formed by holographic letters "A”, “B”, and “C”, respectively.
  • the viewer perceives the letter “A” when viewed diagonally from the left, the letter “B” when viewed vertically from above, and the letter “C” when viewed diagonally from the right.
  • the appearance of the security element alternates between the three image information items 14A, 14B, and 14C.
  • a changing image can also contain only two or more than three pieces of image information, or the security element can have a moving image, a pump image, a morphed image, or a stereo image instead of a changing image.
  • the subject area typically consists of several groups of pixel elements, each of which generates the image information for one of the different viewing directions.
  • the pixel elements are conventionally designed in the form of squares, circles, or parallel stripes, as explained in more detail above.
  • the special feature of the present invention consists in a special design and arrangement of the pixel elements, the realization of which places the highest technological demands and therefore significantly increases the forgery security of the security element.
  • Fig. 2 A schematic view of the motif area 20 of the security element 12.
  • the motif area consists of three groups of congruent pixel elements 22-A, 22-B, and 22-C, which are indicated in the figure by different hatching.
  • the pixel elements 22-A, 22-B, and 22-C form the tiles of a tiling and, despite their complex shape and congruence, cover the motif area 20 seamlessly and without overlap.
  • the pixel elements all have the same shape, namely the shape of a lizard, which is shown as prototile 24 next to the section of the motif area 20.
  • the tiles 22 of the tiling are all congruent with the prototile 24 and result from it by translation and rotation.
  • the size of the tiles in the example is 100 ⁇ m (maximum dimension of the lizard shape, here from the left front to the right rear foot), but can generally range between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the lizard shape of the tiles is not resolvable to the human eye without aids, while at the upper end of the range, it is visually perceptible as an irregular lizard shape.
  • the pixel elements or tiles 22 are each covered with holographic structures, namely the pixel elements or tiles 22-A with first holographic structures (wide hatching), which, when illuminated vertically, reconstruct the letter "A" diagonally to the left in the first viewing direction, the pixel elements or tiles 22-B with second holographic structures (medium hatching), which, when illuminated vertically, reconstruct the letter "B" vertically upwards in the second viewing direction, and the pixel elements or tiles 22-C with third holographic structures (narrow hatching), which, when illuminated vertically, reconstruct the letter "C" diagonally to the right in the third viewing direction.
  • the tiling shown is a periodic tiling, i.e. a tiling whose symmetry group contains two linearly independent displacements.
  • the displacement vectors 26 of the two linearly independent displacements are in Fig. 2 for illustration purposes.
  • the symmetry group of the tiling contains rotational symmetries of order 3, as can be seen particularly in the representation of the Fig. 3 which shows an arbitrarily selected tile 22-A and, in dashed lines, the adjacent tiles 22-B, 22-C.
  • the edge points of tile 22-A represent the nodes 60, 62 of the tile outline
  • the border areas 64 between the nodes 60, 62 represent the edges of the tile outline.
  • Every second node 60 is the intersection point of the rotation axis of a rotational symmetry of order 3.
  • the nodes 60, 62 of the lizard tiles lie on the vertices of a regular hexagon 66.
  • the edges of the hexagon 66 were replaced by non-straight edges 64 composed of several straight segments.
  • symmetry group of the tilings does not contain any mirror symmetry.
  • the pixel elements can also be covered with other structures that generate image information, as described above.
  • a group of pixel elements 32-A in a subject area 30 can also be unoccupied and generate no image information. While the pixel elements 32-B and 32-C each generate image information, for example, an alternating image, the unoccupied areas 32-A within the subject area 30 act like recesses with a complex outline shape.
  • the shape of the tiles 22 can also accommodate a macroscopically existing outline of a view 44 of the motif area 42.
  • the motif area 42 of a security element 40 can show a holographic view 44 of a lizard, which is designed, for example, as a three-dimensional true color hologram.
  • the individual color pixels of the true color hologram are formed by the tiles 46-A, 46-B and 46-C of the tiling of the motif area.
  • the tiling already described in Fig. 2 described tiling with three groups of pixel elements 46-A, 46-B, 46-C is used, all of which are formed in lizard shape congruent with the prototile 24 and the outline of the holographic view 44.
  • the maximum dimension of the view 44 is, for example, 5 mm, while the corresponding maximum dimension of the tiles 46 is only 100 ⁇ m, so that the size ratio of the view 44 and the corresponding prototile 24 in the exemplary embodiment is 50.
  • the correspondence of the microscopic information formed by the outline shape of the tiles 46 and the macroscopic information formed by the outline shape of the view 44 can be used as an additional authenticity feature.
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment with two different prototiles 50-A, 50-B is described with reference to Fig. 6 illustrated.
  • the Fig. 6(a) The prototile 50-A shown is a rhombus with interior angles of 72° and 108°, and the prototile 50-B is a rhombus with interior angles of 36° and 144°.
  • These prototiles can be used to create a so-called Penrose tiling 54 of a motif area 52, which, as shown in Fig. 6(b) shown, consists of pixel elements or tiles 56-A and 56-B.
  • the tiles 56-A are all congruent to the prototile 50-A, and the tiles 56-B are all congruent to the prototile 50-B.
  • the special feature of these Penrose tilings is that they allow a gapless and overlap-free, yet aperiodic covering of the plane.
  • the pixel elements or tiles 56-A, 56-B are each covered with holographic structures for different viewing directions, resulting in an overall tilted image with two views.
  • Aperiodic tiling and Penrose tiling can also be formed from more than two prototiles, which can be used accordingly for alternating images with more than two views.
  • the Penrose tiling implemented in a security element can be used as an additional authenticity mark.
  • a uniquely defined Penrose tiling can be generated from the serial number of a banknote or security document and used to create the motif area of the associated security element.
  • the serial number can be read, the corresponding Penrose tiling can be generated, and checked for congruence with the tiling implemented on the security element.
  • the invention has been explained primarily with reference to interchangeable images, it is not in any way limited to interchangeable images or the aforementioned variants. Rather, the invention can be applied to all optically variable security elements in which a motif area displays different image information from different viewing directions.
  • the invention is also not limited to the transfer elements used for illustration on banknotes; it can also be used, for example, with security threads, wide security strips, or cover foils arranged over a window area or a continuous opening in a document.

Landscapes

  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Élément de sécurité optiquement variable (12) pour la protection de papiers de sécurité, de documents de valeur et d'autres supports de données, avec une zone à motif (20) montrant différentes informations d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) depuis différentes directions de visualisation, dans lequel:
    - la zone à motif (20) est constituée de deux ou plus groupes d'éléments de pixel congruents (22-A, 22-B, 22-C), parmi lesquels au moins deux groupes (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) produisent une information d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) dans différentes directions de visualisation,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) forment les dalles d'un pavage du plan et recouvrent la zone à motif (20) complètement et sans chevauchement,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une forme de contour complexe, celle-ci n'étant ni triangulaire, ni carrée, ni hexagonale ou circulaire,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une dimension maximale de 500 µm ou moins, et
    - le groupe de symétrie du pavage contient au moins une symétrie de révolution de l'ordre de 3 ou 6.
  2. Élément de sécurité optiquement variable (12) pour la protection de papiers de sécurité, de documents de valeur et d'autres supports de données, avec une zone à motif (20) montrant différentes informations d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) depuis différentes directions de visualisation, dans lequel:
    - la zone à motif (20) est constituée de deux ou plus groupes d'éléments de pixel congruents (22-A, 22-B, 22-C), parmi lesquels au moins deux groupes (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) produisent une information d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) dans différentes directions de visualisation,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) forment les dalles d'un pavage du plan et recouvrent la zone à motif (20) complètement et sans chevauchement,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une forme de contour complexe, celle-ci n'étant ni triangulaire, ni carrée, ni hexagonale ou circulaire,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une dimension maximale de 500 µm ou moins, et
    - le pavage est apériodique, et représente en particulier un pavage de Penrose.
  3. Élément de sécurité optiquement variable (12) pour la protection de papiers de sécurité, de documents de valeur et d'autres supports de données, avec une zone à motif (20) montrant différentes informations d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) depuis différentes directions de visualisation, dans lequel:
    - la zone à motif (20) est constituée de deux ou plus groupes d'éléments de pixel congruents (22-A, 22-B, 22-C), parmi lesquels au moins deux groupes (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) produisent une information d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) dans différentes directions de visualisation,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) forment les dalles d'un pavage du plan et recouvrent la zone à motif (20) complètement et sans chevauchement,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une forme de contour complexe, celle-ci n'étant ni triangulaire, ni carrée, ni hexagonale ou circulaire,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une dimension maximale de 500 µm ou moins, et
    - les dalles (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) du pavage ne présentent pas de bords droits, et plutôt les bords se composent respectivement de deux segments de droite ou plus formant respectivement un angle, où les points limites des dalles où au moins trois dalles se touchent sont appelés nœuds, et les zones limites entre les nœuds sont appelées arêtes.
  4. Élément de sécurité optiquement variable (12) pour la protection de papiers de sécurité, de documents de valeur et d'autres supports de données, avec une zone à motif (20) montrant différentes informations d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) depuis différentes directions de visualisation, dans lequel:
    - la zone à motif (20) est constituée de deux ou plus groupes d'éléments de pixel congruents (22-A, 22-B, 22-C), parmi lesquels au moins deux groupes (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) produisent une information d'image (14-A, 14-B, 14-C) dans différentes directions de visualisation,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) forment les dalles d'un pavage du plan et recouvrent la zone à motif (20) complètement et sans chevauchement,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une forme de contour complexe, celle-ci n'étant ni triangulaire, ni carrée, ni hexagonale ou circulaire,
    - les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) présentent une dimension maximale de 500 µm ou moins,
    - chaque dalle (56-A, 56-B) du pavage est congruente à un élément d'une quantité de proto-dalles (50-A, 50-B) différentes, et
    - la zone à motif (20) contient un motif à image visible à l'œil nu, dont la forme de contour correspond à la forme de contour d'une proto-dalle, dans lequel le rapport de grandeur de motifs à image et la proto-dalle correspondante s'élève de préférence à 10 ou plus, en particulier à 20 ou plus ou même à 50 ou plus, et dans lequel le bord d'au moins une proto-dalle représente un motif relatif à la nature, à savoir une plante, un animal, une personne ou une créature mythologique.
  5. Élément de sécurité selon l'une au moins des revendications 1, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le pavage est périodique, de sorte que le groupe de symétrie du pavage contient deux translations linéaires indépendantes.
  6. Élément de sécurité selon l'une au moins des revendications 1, 3, 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le groupe de symétrie du pavage ne contient pas de symétrie spéculaire.
  7. Élément de sécurité selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 3, 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le bord d'au moins une proto-dalle représente un motif relatif à la nature, en particulier une plante, un animal, une personne ou une créature mythologique.
  8. Élément de sécurité selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de pixel (22-A, 22-B, 22-C) des groupes produisant une information d'image sont occupés par des structures diffractives, des structures holographiques, des grilles de sous-longueurs d'onde, des structures réfractives comme des micro-miroirs, des micro-lentilles ou des micro-lentilles de Fresnel, des structures imprimées, des éléments en couche mince à couleurs changeantes, des nanoparticules colorantes, ou des éléments polarisants.
  9. Élément de sécurité selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un groupe d'éléments de pixel ne produit pas d'informations d'image.
  10. Support de données comprenant un élément de sécurité selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 9.
EP15002084.0A 2014-07-30 2015-07-14 Élement de securite optique variable Active EP2979893B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014011296.9A DE102014011296A1 (de) 2014-07-30 2014-07-30 Optisch variables Sicherheitselement

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EP2979893A1 EP2979893A1 (fr) 2016-02-03
EP2979893B1 EP2979893B1 (fr) 2019-01-02
EP2979893B2 true EP2979893B2 (fr) 2025-03-26

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020078664A1 (fr) * 2018-09-24 2020-04-23 Ovd Kinegram Ag Élément optiquement variable, document de sécurité, procédé de fabrication d'un élément optiquement variable, procédé de fabrication d'un document de sécurité
US20220388326A1 (en) * 2019-09-30 2022-12-08 Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co., Ltd Optical anti-counterfeiting element and anti-counterfeiting product
CN117324753B (zh) * 2023-10-18 2024-04-02 广东工业大学 激光诱导银掺杂石墨烯的通讯装置的加工方法及通讯装置
CN119993344B (zh) * 2025-01-20 2025-10-14 哈尔滨工业大学 一种红外特征模拟材料设计方法

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US20050179955A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Shovgenyuk Mikhail V. Graphic element for protecting banknotes, securities and documents and method for producing said graphic element
EP2730426B1 (fr) * 2004-10-15 2018-03-07 YOSHIDA, Kenji Unité d'impression
DE102006029850A1 (de) * 2006-06-27 2008-01-03 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement
KR20150093779A (ko) * 2012-12-07 2015-08-18 시크파 홀딩 에스에이 비-주기적 타일링 문서 보안 요소

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EP2979893A1 (fr) 2016-02-03
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