EP2979278A1 - Encapsulated surge arrester - Google Patents

Encapsulated surge arrester

Info

Publication number
EP2979278A1
EP2979278A1 EP13721316.1A EP13721316A EP2979278A1 EP 2979278 A1 EP2979278 A1 EP 2979278A1 EP 13721316 A EP13721316 A EP 13721316A EP 2979278 A1 EP2979278 A1 EP 2979278A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
surge arrester
cross
sectional contour
triangular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13721316.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2979278B1 (en
Inventor
Markus Sulitze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2979278A1 publication Critical patent/EP2979278A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2979278B1 publication Critical patent/EP2979278B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an encapsulated surge arrester according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Overvoltage arresters are protective systems, for example, for switchgear systems which, given overvoltages caused by lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems, dissipate these overvoltages to ground and thus protect other components of the switchgear.
  • Such a surge arrester comprises one or more cylindrical diverting elements, which have a varistor column made up of individual, likewise cylindrical varistor elements.
  • Varistor elements are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages these act as insulators. From a certain threshold voltage, which is material-dependent, they show a good conductivity.
  • varistor elements are made of metal oxides such as zinc oxide.
  • the diverter is limited at both ends by end fittings that make electrical contact with the switchgear and ground. To ensure a good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the varistor column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by tension members, for example, ropes or rods are preferably clamped in glass fiber reinforced plastic in the end fittings under train. The tension elements surround the varistor column and form a cage around them.
  • overvoltage arresters For use in gas-insulated switchgear, overvoltage arresters have an encapsulated, fluid-tight housing which surrounds the arrester element.
  • the housing is filled to increase the dielectric strength with a fluid, usually sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the housing is made of a conductive material such as a metal and is electrically grounded.
  • An end fitting of the delivery column is grounded via a contact made through the housing.
  • the other end fitting is electrically connected via a passage with a contact located on the outside of the housing, which serves to connect to the switchgear.
  • a separate surge arrester with an encapsulated housing can be used for each phase, or one which has three dissipation columns, one for each phase, in an encapsulating housing.
  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with three arranged in a housing Ableit yarnlen.
  • the three Ableit yarnlen can be electrically isolated from each other and connectable to the three phases of a switchgear, or electrically connected to each other and be connected to a phase of the switchgear.
  • JP 9284927A A similar surge arrester is shown in JP 9284927A. There are also three arranged in a triangle Ableit yarnlen housed in a circular cylindrical housing.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a more cost-effective surge arrester.
  • the object is achieved with the means of the invention according to claim 1.
  • an overvoltage absorber has a fluid-tight housing.
  • a housing wall of the housing extends along a housing axis between a lower lid and an upper lid.
  • the surge arrester has three discharge columns arranged in the housing, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to the housing axis and in cross-section on the corners of the housing. nes triangle are arranged on.
  • the housing wall has a triangular cross-sectional contour in a section along the housing axis. Due to this design, the housing has smaller outer dimensions, as a housing with a circular cross-sectional contour. The cost of materials is lower, the housing thereby cheaper. In addition, more compact housing in the often confined spaces of a switchgear advantageous. Furthermore, such a housing has a smaller volume, as a corresponding circular cross-sectional contour, whereby fluid is saved for the filling.
  • the triangular cross-sectional contour has rounded corners which in each case curve around a delivery column such that an insulation distance between the discharge element of this delivery column and the housing wall is not undershot.
  • the triangular-shaped cross-sectional contour on the outside curved sides can better withstand the internal pressure and still allows a more compact housing than in the prior art.
  • the housing wall tapers from the section with the triangular contour to the lower cover towards a circular cross-sectional contour.
  • the taper causes additional volume reduction and the transition from a triangular cross-sectional contour to a circular allows a smooth transition to the circular flange.
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that an exhaust opening is arranged in the lower cover. is net. As a result, can be dispensed with a nozzle on the housing wall, which makes the housing on the one hand compact, and on the other hand can be made cheaper.
  • Figure 1 shows a known surge arrester in a
  • FIG. 2 shows a surge arrester according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the surge arrester of FIG. 2
  • FIG 4 shows a cross section through the surge absorber of Figure 2. Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known surge arrester 1 of the type 3ES5-C, as sold by Siemens AG.
  • This has an encapsulating, fluid-tight housing 2.
  • the housing 2 is usually made of a conductive material such as metal and filled in the ready state with an electrically insulating fluid such as Schweielhexafluorid.
  • the pressure of the fluid can amount to several thousand hectopascals.
  • the housing 2 must therefore be pressure-resistant.
  • the housing 2 is cylindrical and is closed at the end faces with a lower lid 4 and an upper lid 5.
  • a housing wall 3 extends between upper cover 5 and lower cover 4 along a housing axis 30.
  • three Ableit yarn 20 are arranged, which are provided for the protection of a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear.
  • These discharge columns 20 each have a cylindrical discharge.
  • the diverting elements 24 are made of individual, cylindrical
  • Varistor blocks assembled into a column The high-voltage side end fitting 22 and the earth-side end fitting 21 are usually made of electrically conductive material.
  • the tension elements 23 are pressed in the high-voltage-side end fitting 22 and the earth-side end fitting 21 and thus hold the discharge column 20 together. In the discharge element 24 can still
  • Retaining discs be inserted, which have holes through which the tension members 23 are guided and thus stabilize the Ableit yarn 20 additionally.
  • a control hood 25 extends along the discharge column 24. This serves a more uniform field distribution along the discharge column 20.
  • a ground contact 13 is fluid-tight and electrically insulated by the lower lid 4 from the inside to the outside of the housing 2 out and serves the grounding connection. Inside the housing 2, this ground contact 13 is electrically connected via the earth-side end fitting 21 to the diverter element 24.
  • the lower cover 4 has a filling connection 29, via which fluid, for example sulfur hexafluoride, can be introduced into the housing 2 or let off. At this filling port 29 and pressure and / or leak monitoring devices can be connected.
  • the top surface of the housing 2 is closed by an upper cover 5, which is provided with an insulating part 7, often made of cast resin, through which a high-voltage leadthrough 11 is led to conduct the electric High voltage potential without danger of a rollover between high voltage and grounded housing 2 from the outside into the housing. 2 to lead into it.
  • the high voltage feedthrough 11 is here as a three-pole feedthrough 11, one for each of the Ableitklalen 20, executed, the three against each other and against the housing 2 isolated high-voltage contacts 12 fluid-tight in the housing 2 into it.
  • About the high-voltage bushing 11 of the surge arrester 1 can be connected to a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear, not shown here. Inside the housing 2, the high-voltage contacts 12 protrude into the housing 2 like a finger.
  • the housing 2 is substantially cylindrical. Along the cylinder axis, the housing axis 30 extends.
  • the longitudinal axes of the Ableit yarnlen 20 are aligned parallel to this housing axis 30 and arranged rotationally symmetrical about this.
  • the longitudinal axes of the Ableit yarnlen 20 thus extend along the edges of a triangular prism whose central axis lies on the housing axis 30.
  • the housing 2 on its lateral surface on a nozzle 15 which is closed by a manhole cover 16.
  • a manhole cover 16 In the manhole cover 16 is a closed with a membrane exhaust opening with a Ausblasschute 17.
  • a Ausblasschute 17 In the event of an error caused by pressure increase in the housing 2 tears the membrane and the pressure is released through the exhaust port to the outside. Thereby, a bursting of the housing 2 can be prevented.
  • the resulting fluid flow is deflected by a Ausblasschute 17 in a direction in which no other parts of the system are affected by the fluid flow.
  • FIG. 2 shows a surge arrester 1 according to the invention. Further details are shown in the sections according to FIGS. 3 and 4. The basic construction is very similar to that of FIG. 1, for which reason only differences will be discussed. Here are only two of the three Ableit yarn 24 visible because of the sectional view. On a terrestrial end fitting was omitted here. Instead, the tension elements are clamped directly to a lower cover 4 of the housing 2. Alternatively could It is also possible to provide an earth-side end fitting which can be fastened to the lower cover 4 and with which the tension elements 23 are clamped.
  • the diverter 24 is electrically isolated by an insulating spacer 26 against the lower lid 4.
  • the lower lid 4 also has a sealed with a membrane 33 exhaust opening 32 with a blow-out 17.
  • the housing wall extends from an upper flange 18 initially with a circular cross-sectional contour in the direction of ground connection side 27.
  • the cross-sectional contour widens to a triangular cross-sectional contour, which then extends over a section 10 along the Housing axis 30 extends.
  • This cross-sectional contour is shown in more detail in FIG. As can be seen there, the cross-sectional contour is triangular.
  • Three sides 9 are connected by three corners 8. The pages 9 go smoothly into the corners 8.
  • the corners 8 are rounded in the form of a circle segment. Alternatively, the corners 8 may be rounded in the form of a portion of a hyperbola.
  • the longitudinal axes 35 of the Ableitcicklalen 20 lie on a line from the housing axis 30 to the center of the corner 8.
  • the longitudinal axis 35 is in the center of the circle, of which the corner 8 forms a circle segment or in the
  • the radius of curvature of the corner 8 is significantly smaller, typically less than half, than the inner diameter of a corresponding housing having a circular cross-sectional contour. It is as inner diameter View of such a circular housing, the distance from the housing axis 30 to the inner wall of the center of the corner 8.
  • the insulation distance of a surge arrester 1 is the distance between a live part and a grounded part of the surge arrester 1, which must not be undershot, so that voltage flashovers between the housing, which is usually grounded, and the live part does not occur.
  • the isolation distance depends on the voltage for which the surge arrester 1 is designed, on the type and pressure of the fluid filled in the housing 2, and on the geometry of the fluid
  • the insulation distance in the vicinity of the earth-side end fitting 21 is smaller than in the vicinity of the high-voltage end end fitting 22nd
  • the corners 8 are interconnected by pages 9.
  • the transition of a corner 8 in a page 9 is smooth, so without edges or more corners.
  • the sides 9 can be arched straight or slightly outwards.
  • the radius of curvature of the sides 9 is considerably larger, for example, more than twice, than the radius of the inner diameter of a corresponding circular housing.
  • the housing wall 3 tapers from the section with the triangular contour towards the lower cover.
  • the cross-sectional contour changes in such a way that the radii of curvature of the corners 8 are flattened until finally in the region of the lower lid, the cross-sectional contour is circular.

Abstract

The invention relates to a surge arrester (1) having a fluid-tight housing (2) and three arrester columns (20) arranged in the housing (2). The longitudinal axes (35) of the arrester columns (20) are arranged parallel to the housing axis (30) and, in cross-section, on the corners of a triangle. According to the invention, the housing wall (3) has a triangular cross-sectional contour in a section (10) along the housing axis (30).

Description

Beschreibung description
Gekapselter Überspannungsabieiter Die Erfindung betrifft einen gekapselten Überspannungsablei - ter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. The invention relates to an encapsulated surge arrester according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Überspannungsabieiter sind Schutzsysteme beispielsweise für Schaltanlagen, die bei auftretenden Überspannungen durch Blitzeinschlag oder Fehlfunktionen anderer Teilsysteme diese Überspannungen zur Masse hin ableiten und so andere Bauteile der Schaltanlage schützen. Overvoltage arresters are protective systems, for example, for switchgear systems which, given overvoltages caused by lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems, dissipate these overvoltages to ground and thus protect other components of the switchgear.
Ein derartiger Überspannungsabieiter umfasst ein oder mehrere zylindrische Ableitelemente, die eine aus einzelnen ebenfalls zylindrischen Varistorelementen aufgebaute Varistorsäule aufweisen. Varistorelemente zeichnen sich durch einen spannungsabhängigen Widerstand aus. Bei niedrigen Spannungen wirken diese als Isolatoren. Ab einer bestimmten Schwellenspannung, die materialabhängig ist, zeigen sie eine gute Leitfähigkeit. Häufig werden Varistorelemente aus Metalloxiden wie Zinkoxid hergestellt. Das Ableitelement wird an beiden Enden von Endarmaturen begrenzt, die den elektrischen Kontakt zur Schaltanlage und zur Masse herstellen. Um einen guten elektrischen Kontakt auch unter mechanischer Belastung zu gewährleisten, muss die Varistorsäule unter Druck zusammengehalten werden. Dies kann erfolgen, indem Zugelemente beispielsweise Seile oder Stäbe vorzugsweise aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff in den Endarmaturen unter Zug eingespannt werden. Die Zugele- mente umgeben dabei die Varistorsäule und bilden so einen Käfig um diese. Such a surge arrester comprises one or more cylindrical diverting elements, which have a varistor column made up of individual, likewise cylindrical varistor elements. Varistor elements are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages these act as insulators. From a certain threshold voltage, which is material-dependent, they show a good conductivity. Frequently, varistor elements are made of metal oxides such as zinc oxide. The diverter is limited at both ends by end fittings that make electrical contact with the switchgear and ground. To ensure a good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the varistor column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by tension members, for example, ropes or rods are preferably clamped in glass fiber reinforced plastic in the end fittings under train. The tension elements surround the varistor column and form a cage around them.
Für den Einsatz in gasisolierten Schaltanlagen weisen Über- spannungsableiter ein gekapseltes, fluiddichtes Gehäuse auf, das das Ableitelement umgibt. Das Gehäuse ist dabei zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagfestigkeit mit einem Fluid, meist Schwe- felhexafluorid, gefüllt. Das Gehäuse besteht aus einem leitfähigen Material beispielsweise aus einem Metall und ist elektrisch geerdet. Eine Endarmatur der Ableitsäule ist über einen durch das Gehäuse geführten Kontakt geerdet . Die andere Endarmatur ist über eine Durchführung mit einem an der Außenseite des Gehäuses befindlichen Kontakt elektrisch verbunden, der dem Anschluss an die Schaltanlage dient. For use in gas-insulated switchgear, overvoltage arresters have an encapsulated, fluid-tight housing which surrounds the arrester element. The housing is filled to increase the dielectric strength with a fluid, usually sulfur hexafluoride. The housing is made of a conductive material such as a metal and is electrically grounded. An end fitting of the delivery column is grounded via a contact made through the housing. The other end fitting is electrically connected via a passage with a contact located on the outside of the housing, which serves to connect to the switchgear.
Für Schaltanlagen mit drei elektrischen Phasen, kann für jede Phase ein eigener Überspannungsabieiter mit einem gekapselten Gehäuse eingesetzt werden, oder aber einer, der drei Ableit- säulen, für jede Phase eine, in einem kapselnden Gehäuse aufweist. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Überspannungsabieiter mit drei in einem Gehäuse angeordneten Ableitsäulen. Dabei können die drei Ableitsäulen elektrisch gegeneinander isoliert und mit den drei Phasen einer Schaltanlage verbindbar sein, oder elektrisch miteinander verbunden und mit einer Phase der Schaltanlage verbindbar sein. For switchgear with three electrical phases, a separate surge arrester with an encapsulated housing can be used for each phase, or one which has three dissipation columns, one for each phase, in an encapsulating housing. The invention relates to a surge arrester with three arranged in a housing Ableitsäulen. In this case, the three Ableitsäulen can be electrically isolated from each other and connectable to the three phases of a switchgear, or electrically connected to each other and be connected to a phase of the switchgear.
In der deutschen Anmeldung mit dem Anmeldeaktenzeichen In the German application with the registration file sign
DE 102012217310.2 ist ein solcher Überspannungsabieiter ge- zeigt. Drei im Dreieck angeordnete Ableitsäulen sind dort in einem Gehäuse mit kreisrundem Querschnitt untergebracht. DE 102012217310.2 shows such an overvoltage absorber. Three arranged in a triangle Ableitsäulen are housed there in a housing with a circular cross-section.
Einen ähnlichen Überspannungsabieiter zeigt die JP 9284927A. Auch dort sind drei im Dreieck angeordnete Ableitsäulen in einem kreiszylindrischen Gehäuse untergebracht. A similar surge arrester is shown in JP 9284927A. There are also three arranged in a triangle Ableitsäulen housed in a circular cylindrical housing.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen kostengünstigeren Überspannungsabieiter anzugeben. Die Aufgabe wird mit den Mitteln der Erfindung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. The object of the present invention is to specify a more cost-effective surge arrester. The object is achieved with the means of the invention according to claim 1.
Dazu weist ein Überspannungsabieiter ein fluiddichtes Gehäuse auf. Eine Gehäusewand des Gehäuses erstreckt sich entlang ei- ner Gehäuseachse zwischen einem unteren Deckel und einem oberen Deckel. Weiterhin weist der Überspannungsabieiter drei in dem Gehäuse angeordnete Ableitsäulen, deren Längsachsen parallel zur Gehäuseachse und im Querschnitt auf den Ecken ei- nes Dreiecks angeordnet sind, auf. Erfindungsgemäß weist die die Gehäusewand in einem Abschnitt entlang der Gehäuseachse eine dreiecksförmige Querschnittskontur auf. Durch diese Ausführung hat das Gehäuse geringere Außenmaße, als ein Gehäuse mit kreisförmiger Querschnittskontur. Der Materialaufwand wird geringer, das Gehäuse dadurch kostengünstiger. Außerdem sind kompaktere Gehäuse in den häufig beengten Platzverhältnissen einer Schaltanlage vorteilhaft. Weiterhin hat ein solches Gehäuse ein geringeres Volumen, als ein entsprechendes mit kreisförmiger Querschnittskontur, wodurch Fluid für die Füllung eingespart wird. For this purpose, an overvoltage absorber has a fluid-tight housing. A housing wall of the housing extends along a housing axis between a lower lid and an upper lid. Furthermore, the surge arrester has three discharge columns arranged in the housing, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to the housing axis and in cross-section on the corners of the housing. nes triangle are arranged on. According to the invention, the housing wall has a triangular cross-sectional contour in a section along the housing axis. Due to this design, the housing has smaller outer dimensions, as a housing with a circular cross-sectional contour. The cost of materials is lower, the housing thereby cheaper. In addition, more compact housing in the often confined spaces of a switchgear advantageous. Furthermore, such a housing has a smaller volume, as a corresponding circular cross-sectional contour, whereby fluid is saved for the filling.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die dreiecksförmi - ge Querschnittskontur abgerundete Ecken auf, die sich jeweils derart um eine Ableitsäule krümmen, dass ein Isolationsabstand zwischen dem Ableitelement dieser Ableitsäule und der Gehäusewand nicht unterschritten wird. Hierdurch kann bei Einhaltung des notwendigen Isolationsabstandes ein besonders kompaktes Gehäuse erreicht werden. In an advantageous embodiment, the triangular cross-sectional contour has rounded corners which in each case curve around a delivery column such that an insulation distance between the discharge element of this delivery column and the housing wall is not undershot. As a result, a particularly compact housing can be achieved while maintaining the necessary isolation distance.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die drei- ecksförmige Querschnittskontur nach außen gewölbte Seiten auf. Eine leichte Außenwölbung, deren Krümmungsradius erheblich größer ist, als der eines entsprechenden Gehäuses mit kreisförmiger Querschnittskontur, kann dem Innendruck besser standhalten und ermöglicht trotzdem noch ein kompakteres Gehäuse, als im Stand der Technik. In a further advantageous embodiment, the triangular-shaped cross-sectional contour on the outside curved sides. A slight outer curvature, whose radius of curvature is considerably greater than that of a corresponding housing with a circular cross-sectional contour, can better withstand the internal pressure and still allows a more compact housing than in the prior art.
Ferner wird bevorzugt, dass sich die Gehäusewand vom Ab- schnitt mit der dreiecksförmigen Kontur zum unteren Deckel hin zu einer kreisförmigen Querschnittskontur verjüngt. Die Verjüngung bewirkt eine zusätzliche Volumenreduzierung und der Übergang von einer dreiecksförmigen Querschnittskontur zu einer kreisförmigen erlaubt einen glatten Übergang zum kreis- förmigen Flansch hin. Furthermore, it is preferred that the housing wall tapers from the section with the triangular contour to the lower cover towards a circular cross-sectional contour. The taper causes additional volume reduction and the transition from a triangular cross-sectional contour to a circular allows a smooth transition to the circular flange.
Des Weiteren sieht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, dass im unteren Deckel eine Ausblasöffnung angeord- net ist. Hierdurch kann auf einen Stutzen an der Gehäusewand verzichtet werden, was das Gehäuse einerseits kompakter macht, und andererseits kostengünstiger gefertigt werden kann . Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that an exhaust opening is arranged in the lower cover. is net. As a result, can be dispensed with a nozzle on the housing wall, which makes the housing on the one hand compact, and on the other hand can be made cheaper.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen: In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Showing:
Figur 1 einen bekannten Überspannungsabieiter in einer Figure 1 shows a known surge arrester in a
Teilschnittdarstellung,  Partially sectional view
Figur 2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsabieiter, FIG. 2 shows a surge arrester according to the invention,
Figur 3 einen Längsschnitt, durch den Überspannungsabieiter aus Figur 2, FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the surge arrester of FIG. 2,
Figur 4 einen Querschnitt, durch den Überspannungsabieiter aus Figur 2. Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Figure 4 shows a cross section through the surge absorber of Figure 2. Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
Die Figur 1 zeigt einen bekannten Überspannungsabieiter 1 des Typs 3ES5-C, wie er von der Siemens AG vertrieben wird. Die- ser weist ein kapselndes, fluiddichtes Gehäuse 2 auf. Das Gehäuse 2 ist meist aus einem leitfähigen Material wie Metall gefertigt und im betriebsbereiten Zustand mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Fluid wie Schweielhexafluorid gefüllt. Der Druck des Fluids kann dabei mehrere Tausend Hektopascal be- tragen. Das Gehäuse 2 muss daher druckfest sein. Das Gehäuse 2 ist zylindrisch und ist an den Stirnseiten mit einem unteren Deckel 4 und einem oberen Deckel 5 verschlossen. Eine Gehäusewand 3 erstreckt sich zwischen oberem Deckel 5 und unterem Deckel 4 entlang einer Gehäuseachse 30. In dem Gehäuse 2 sind drei Ableitsäulen 20 angeordnet, die für den Schutz einer dreiphasigen gasisolierten Schaltanlage vorgesehen sind. Diese Ableitsäulen 20 weisen jeweils ein zylindrisches Ab- leitelement 24, eine hochspannungsseitige Endarmatur 22, eine erdseitige Endarmatur 21 und mehrere Zugelemente 23 auf. FIG. 1 shows a known surge arrester 1 of the type 3ES5-C, as sold by Siemens AG. This has an encapsulating, fluid-tight housing 2. The housing 2 is usually made of a conductive material such as metal and filled in the ready state with an electrically insulating fluid such as Schweielhexafluorid. The pressure of the fluid can amount to several thousand hectopascals. The housing 2 must therefore be pressure-resistant. The housing 2 is cylindrical and is closed at the end faces with a lower lid 4 and an upper lid 5. A housing wall 3 extends between upper cover 5 and lower cover 4 along a housing axis 30. In the housing 2, three Ableitsäulen 20 are arranged, which are provided for the protection of a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear. These discharge columns 20 each have a cylindrical discharge. Guide element 24, a high-voltage side end fitting 22, a ground-side end fitting 21 and a plurality of tension elements 23.
Die Ableitelemente 24 sind aus einzelnen, zylindrischen The diverting elements 24 are made of individual, cylindrical
Varistorblöcken zu einer Säule zusammengesetzt. Die hochspannungsseitige Endarmatur 22 und die erdseitige Endarmatur 21 bestehen meist aus elektrisch leitendem Material. Die Zugelemente 23 sind in der hochspannungsseitigen Endarmatur 22 und der erdseitigen Endarmatur 21 verpresst und halten so die Ab- leitsäule 20 zusammen. In das Ableitelement 24 können nochVaristor blocks assembled into a column. The high-voltage side end fitting 22 and the earth-side end fitting 21 are usually made of electrically conductive material. The tension elements 23 are pressed in the high-voltage-side end fitting 22 and the earth-side end fitting 21 and thus hold the discharge column 20 together. In the discharge element 24 can still
Haltescheiben eingefügt sein, die Löcher aufweisen, durch die die Zugelemente 23 geführt sind und so die Ableitsäule 20 zusätzlich stabilisieren. Von der hochspannungsseitigen Endarmatur 22 erstreckt sich eine Steuerhaube 25 entlang der Ab- leitsäule 24. Diese dient einer gleichmäßigeren Feldverteilung entlang der Ableitsäule 20. Retaining discs be inserted, which have holes through which the tension members 23 are guided and thus stabilize the Ableitsäule 20 additionally. From the high-voltage side end fitting 22, a control hood 25 extends along the discharge column 24. This serves a more uniform field distribution along the discharge column 20.
Auf einer Erdanschlussseite 27 des Überspannungsabieiters 1 ist die Deckfläche des Gehäuses 2 mit einem unteren Deckel 4 fluiddicht verschlossen. Ein Erdkontakt 13 ist fluiddicht und elektrisch isoliert durch den unteren Deckel 4 vom Inneren zum Äußeren des Gehäuses 2 geführt und dient dem Erdungsan- schluss. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 2 ist dieser Erdkontakt 13 elektrisch leitend über die erdseitige Endarmatur 21 mit dem Ableitelement 24 verbunden. Der untere Deckel 4 weist einen Füllanschluss 29 auf, über den Fluid, beispielsweise Schwe- felhexafluorid, in das Gehäuse 2 eingefüllt, beziehungsweise abgelassen werden kann. An diesen Füllanschluss 29 können auch Druck- und/oder Lecküberwachungsgeräte angeschlossen werden. On a ground connection side 27 of the surge arrester 1, the top surface of the housing 2 is closed in a fluid-tight manner with a lower cover 4. A ground contact 13 is fluid-tight and electrically insulated by the lower lid 4 from the inside to the outside of the housing 2 out and serves the grounding connection. Inside the housing 2, this ground contact 13 is electrically connected via the earth-side end fitting 21 to the diverter element 24. The lower cover 4 has a filling connection 29, via which fluid, for example sulfur hexafluoride, can be introduced into the housing 2 or let off. At this filling port 29 and pressure and / or leak monitoring devices can be connected.
Auf einer Hochspannungsanschlussseite 28 des Überspannungs- ableiters 1 ist die Deckfläche des Gehäuses 2 mit einem oberen Deckel 5 verschlossen, der mit einem Isolierteil 7, häu- fig aus Gießharz, versehen ist, durch das eine Hochspannungs- durchführung 11 geführt ist, um das elektrische Hochspannungspotential ohne Gefahr eines Überschlags zwischen Hochspannung und geerdetem Gehäuse 2 von außen in das Gehäuse 2 hinein zu führen. Die Hochspannungsdurchführung 11 ist hier als dreipolige Durchführung 11, eine für jede der Ableitsäulen 20, ausgeführt, die drei gegeneinander und gegen das Gehäuse 2 isolierte Hochspannungskontakte 12 fluiddicht in das Gehäuse 2 hinein führt. Über die Hochspannungsdurchführung 11 kann der Überspannungsabieiter 1 an eine hier nicht dargestellte dreiphasige gasisolierte Schaltanlage angeschlossen werden. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 2 ragen die Hochspannungskontakte 12 fingerartig in das Gehäuse 2 hinein. On a high-voltage connection side 28 of the overvoltage arrester 1, the top surface of the housing 2 is closed by an upper cover 5, which is provided with an insulating part 7, often made of cast resin, through which a high-voltage leadthrough 11 is led to conduct the electric High voltage potential without danger of a rollover between high voltage and grounded housing 2 from the outside into the housing. 2 to lead into it. The high voltage feedthrough 11 is here as a three-pole feedthrough 11, one for each of the Ableitsäulen 20, executed, the three against each other and against the housing 2 isolated high-voltage contacts 12 fluid-tight in the housing 2 into it. About the high-voltage bushing 11 of the surge arrester 1 can be connected to a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear, not shown here. Inside the housing 2, the high-voltage contacts 12 protrude into the housing 2 like a finger.
Das Gehäuse 2 ist im Wesentlichen zylinderförmig. Entlang der Zylinderachse erstreckt sich die Gehäuseachse 30. Die Längsachsen der Ableitsäulen 20 sind parallel zu dieser Gehäuseachse 30 ausgerichtet und rotationssymmetrisch um diese an- geordnet. Die Längsachsen der Ableitsäulen 20 verlaufen somit entlang der Kanten eines Dreiecksprismas, dessen Mittelachse auf der Gehäuseachse 30 liegt. The housing 2 is substantially cylindrical. Along the cylinder axis, the housing axis 30 extends. The longitudinal axes of the Ableitsäulen 20 are aligned parallel to this housing axis 30 and arranged rotationally symmetrical about this. The longitudinal axes of the Ableitsäulen 20 thus extend along the edges of a triangular prism whose central axis lies on the housing axis 30.
Des Weiteren weist das Gehäuse 2 an seiner Mantelfläche einen Stutzen 15 auf, der von einem Mannlochdeckel 16 verschlossen ist. Im Mannlochdeckel 16 befindet sich eine mit einer Membran verschlossene Ausblasöffnung mit einer Ausblasschute 17. Im Falle eines fehlerbedingten Druckanstiegs im Gehäuse 2 reißt die Membran und der Druck wird durch die Ausblasöffnung nach außen entlassen. Dadurch kann ein Bersten des Gehäuses 2 verhindert werden. Der dadurch entstehende Fluidstrom wird durch eine Ausblasschute 17 in eine Richtung umgelenkt, in der keine anderen Anlagenteile durch den Fluidstrom beeinträchtigt werden. Furthermore, the housing 2 on its lateral surface on a nozzle 15 which is closed by a manhole cover 16. In the manhole cover 16 is a closed with a membrane exhaust opening with a Ausblasschute 17. In the event of an error caused by pressure increase in the housing 2 tears the membrane and the pressure is released through the exhaust port to the outside. Thereby, a bursting of the housing 2 can be prevented. The resulting fluid flow is deflected by a Ausblasschute 17 in a direction in which no other parts of the system are affected by the fluid flow.
Die Figur 2 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsablei - ter 1. Weitere Details zeigen die Schnitte gemäß der Figuren 3 und 4. Die Grundkonstruktion ist der der Figur 1 sehr ähnlich, weswegen nur auf Unterschiede eingegangen wird. Hier sind wegen der Schnittdarstellung nur zwei der drei Ableitsäulen 24 sichtbar. Auf eine erdseitige Endarmatur wurde hier verzichtet. Stattdessen sind die Zugelemente direkt mit einem unteren Deckel 4 des Gehäuses 2 verspannt. Alternativ könnte auch eine am unteren Deckel 4 befestigbare erdseitige Endarmatur vorgesehen sein, mit der die Zugelemente 23 verspannt sind. Das Ableitelement 24 ist durch ein isolierendes Zwischenstück 26 gegen den unteren Deckel 4 elektrisch isoliert. Der untere Deckel 4 weist außerdem eine mit einer Membran 33 verschlossene Ausblasöffnung 32 mit einer Ausblasschute 17 auf . FIG. 2 shows a surge arrester 1 according to the invention. Further details are shown in the sections according to FIGS. 3 and 4. The basic construction is very similar to that of FIG. 1, for which reason only differences will be discussed. Here are only two of the three Ableitsäulen 24 visible because of the sectional view. On a terrestrial end fitting was omitted here. Instead, the tension elements are clamped directly to a lower cover 4 of the housing 2. Alternatively could It is also possible to provide an earth-side end fitting which can be fastened to the lower cover 4 and with which the tension elements 23 are clamped. The diverter 24 is electrically isolated by an insulating spacer 26 against the lower lid 4. The lower lid 4 also has a sealed with a membrane 33 exhaust opening 32 with a blow-out 17.
An der Hochspannungsanschlussseite 28 erstreckt sich die Ge- häusewand von einem oberen Flansch 18 zunächst mit einer kreisförmigen Querschnittskontur in Richtung Erdanschlussseite 27. Im Bereich der oberen Endarmatur 22 weitet sich die Querschnittskontur zu einer dreiecksförmigen Querschnittskontur auf, die sich dann über einen Abschnitt 10 entlang der Gehäuseachse 30 erstreckt. Diese Querschnittskontur ist in Figur 4 näher dargestellt. Wie dort zu sehen ist, ist die Querschnittskontur dreiecksförmig . Drei Seiten 9 sind durch drei Ecken 8 miteinander verbunden. Die Seiten 9 gehen dabei glatt in die Ecken 8 über. Die Ecken 8 sind in Form eines Kreissegments abgerundet. Alternativ können die Ecken 8 auch in Form eines Abschnitts einer Hyperbel abgerundet sein. Die Längsachsen 35 der Ableitsäulen 20 liegen dabei auf einer Linie von der Gehäuseachse 30 zur Mitte der Ecke 8. Vorzugsweise liegt die Längsachse 35 im Mittelpunkt des Kreises, von dem die Ecke 8 ein Kreissegment bildet beziehungsweise imAt the high-voltage connection side 28, the housing wall extends from an upper flange 18 initially with a circular cross-sectional contour in the direction of ground connection side 27. In the region of the upper end fitting 22, the cross-sectional contour widens to a triangular cross-sectional contour, which then extends over a section 10 along the Housing axis 30 extends. This cross-sectional contour is shown in more detail in FIG. As can be seen there, the cross-sectional contour is triangular. Three sides 9 are connected by three corners 8. The pages 9 go smoothly into the corners 8. The corners 8 are rounded in the form of a circle segment. Alternatively, the corners 8 may be rounded in the form of a portion of a hyperbola. The longitudinal axes 35 of the Ableitsäulen 20 lie on a line from the housing axis 30 to the center of the corner 8. Preferably, the longitudinal axis 35 is in the center of the circle, of which the corner 8 forms a circle segment or in the
Brennpunkt der Hyperbel, von der die Ecke 8 einen Abschnitt bildet. Der Abstand der Innenseite der Gehäusewand 3 von der Außenseite des Ableitelementes 24 ist am geringsten auf der Verbindungslinie von der Gehäuseachse 30 zur Mitte der Ecke 8. Beidseitig von dieser Verbindungslinie krümmt sich dieFocus of the hyperbola, of which the corner 8 forms a section. The distance of the inside of the housing wall 3 from the outside of the discharge element 24 is least on the connecting line from the housing axis 30 to the center of the corner 8. On both sides of this connecting line curves
Ecke derart, dass sich dieser Abstand vergrößert. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, dass der Isolationsabstand zwischen dem Ableitelement 24 dieser Ableitsäule 20 und der Gehäusewand nicht unterschritten wird. Der Krümmungsradius der Ecke 8 ist erheblich kleiner, typischerweise kleiner als die Hälfte, als der Innendurchmesser eines entsprechenden Gehäuses mit kreisförmiger Querschnittskontur. Dabei ist als Innendurchmesser eines solchen kreisförmigen Gehäuses der Abstand von der Gehäuseachse 30 zur Innenwand der Mitte der Ecke 8 anzusehen. Corner so that increases this distance. This ensures that the insulation distance between the discharge element 24 of this discharge column 20 and the housing wall is not exceeded. The radius of curvature of the corner 8 is significantly smaller, typically less than half, than the inner diameter of a corresponding housing having a circular cross-sectional contour. It is as inner diameter View of such a circular housing, the distance from the housing axis 30 to the inner wall of the center of the corner 8.
Der Isolationsabstand eines Überspannungsabieiters 1 ist da- bei derjenige Abstand eines spannungsführenden Teils zu einem geerdeten Teil des Überspannungsabieiters 1, der nicht unterschritten werden darf, damit es nicht zu Spannungsüberschlägen zwischen Gehäuse, das üblicherweise geerdet ist, und spannungsführendem Teil kommt. Der Isolationsabstand hängt von der Spannung ab, für die der Überspannungsabieiter 1 ausgelegt ist, von der Art und dem Druck des in das Gehäuse 2 eingefüllten Fluids und von der Geometrie des The insulation distance of a surge arrester 1 is the distance between a live part and a grounded part of the surge arrester 1, which must not be undershot, so that voltage flashovers between the housing, which is usually grounded, and the live part does not occur. The isolation distance depends on the voltage for which the surge arrester 1 is designed, on the type and pressure of the fluid filled in the housing 2, and on the geometry of the fluid
Überspannungsabieiters 1. Beispielsweise ist der Isolationsabstand in der Nähe der erdseitigen Endarmatur 21 kleiner, als in der Nähe der hochspannungsseitigen Endarmatur 22. Surge Arrester 1. For example, the insulation distance in the vicinity of the earth-side end fitting 21 is smaller than in the vicinity of the high-voltage end end fitting 22nd
Die Ecken 8 sind durch Seiten 9 miteinander verbunden. Der Übergang einer Ecke 8 in eine Seite 9 ist dabei glatt, also ohne Kanten oder weitere Ecken. Die Seiten 9 können dabei ge- rade oder leicht nach außen gewölbt sein. Der Krümmungsradius der Seiten 9 ist dabei erheblich größer, beträgt beispielsweise mehr als das Doppelte, als der Radius des Innendurchmessers eines entsprechenden kreisförmigen Gehäuses. Wie in Figur 2 und 3 weiter zu sehen ist, verjüngt sich die Gehäusewand 3 vom Abschnitt mit der dreiecksförmigen Kontur zum unteren Deckel hin. Die Querschnittskontur ändert sich dabei derart, dass die Krümmungsradien der Ecken 8 abgeflacht werden bis schließlich im Bereich des unteren Deckels die Querschnittskontur kreisförmig ist. The corners 8 are interconnected by pages 9. The transition of a corner 8 in a page 9 is smooth, so without edges or more corners. The sides 9 can be arched straight or slightly outwards. The radius of curvature of the sides 9 is considerably larger, for example, more than twice, than the radius of the inner diameter of a corresponding circular housing. As can further be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the housing wall 3 tapers from the section with the triangular contour towards the lower cover. The cross-sectional contour changes in such a way that the radii of curvature of the corners 8 are flattened until finally in the region of the lower lid, the cross-sectional contour is circular.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Überspannungsabieiter (1), aufweisend ein fluiddichtes Gehäuse (2) mit einer Gehäusewand (3), die sich entlang einer Gehäuseachse (30) zwischen einem unteren Deckel (4) und einem oberen Deckel (5) erstreckt, und drei in dem Gehäuse (2) angeordnete Ableitsäulen (20) , deren Längsachsen (35) parallel zur Gehäuseachse (30) und im Querschnitt auf den Ecken eines Dreiecks angeordnet sind, A surge arrester (1) comprising a fluid tight housing (2) having a housing wall (3) extending along a housing axis (30) between a lower lid (4) and an upper lid (5) and three in the housing (2) arranged Ableitsäulen (20) whose longitudinal axes (35) are arranged parallel to the housing axis (30) and in cross section on the corners of a triangle,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die Gehäusewand (3) in einem Abschnitt (10) entlang der Gehäuseachse (30) eine dreiecksförmige Querschnittskontur aufweist . the housing wall (3) has a triangular cross-sectional contour in a section (10) along the housing axis (30).
2. Überspannungsabieiter (1) nach Anspruch 1, 2. surge arrester (1) according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die dreiecksförmige Querschnittskontur abgerundete Ecken (8) aufweist, die sich jeweils derart um eine Ableitsäule (20) krümmen, dass ein Isolationsabstand zwischen dem Ableit- element (24) dieser Ableitsäule (20) und der Gehäusewand (3) nicht unterschritten wird. the triangular-shaped cross-sectional contour has rounded corners (8) which in each case curve around a deflection column (20) in such a way that an isolation distance between the dissipation element (24) of this delivery column (20) and the housing wall (3) is not undershot.
3. Überspannungsabieiter (1) nach Anspruch 2, 3. surge arrester (1) according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass die dreiecksförmige Querschnittskontur nach außen gewölbte Seiten (9) aufweist. that the triangular cross-sectional contour has outwardly curved sides (9).
4. Überspannungsabieiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. surge arrester (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass sich die Gehäusewand (3) vom Abschnitt (10) mit der dreiecksförmigen Kontur zum unteren Deckel (4) hin zu einer kreisförmigen Querschnittskontur verjüngt. the housing wall (3) tapers from the section (10) with the triangular contour to the lower cover (4) to form a circular cross-sectional contour.
5. Überspannungsabieiter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. surge arrester (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im unteren Deckel (4) eine Ausblasöffnung (32) angeordnet ist. characterized, in that an exhaust opening (32) is arranged in the lower cover (4).
EP13721316.1A 2013-04-26 2013-04-26 Encapsulated surge arrester Active EP2979278B1 (en)

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FR1206291A (en) * 1958-07-07 1960-02-09 Acec Surge arrester for very high voltage
DE1161634B (en) * 1960-11-14 1964-01-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Surge arresters
US4439807A (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-03-27 General Electric Company Secondary arrester
JPH09284927A (en) 1996-04-09 1997-10-31 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Gas-insulation electric equiupment with lightning arrester
JP3612519B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-01-19 ティーエム・ティーアンドディー株式会社 Lightning arrestor
DE102007057265A1 (en) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 Siemens Ag isolator assembly
CN201266525Y (en) * 2008-05-06 2009-07-01 正泰电气股份有限公司 Three-phase com-tank metal-oxide lighting arrester
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JP6539646B2 (en) 2019-07-03
EP2979278B1 (en) 2021-02-17

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