EP2885789B1 - Surge arrester - Google Patents

Surge arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2885789B1
EP2885789B1 EP13766914.9A EP13766914A EP2885789B1 EP 2885789 B1 EP2885789 B1 EP 2885789B1 EP 13766914 A EP13766914 A EP 13766914A EP 2885789 B1 EP2885789 B1 EP 2885789B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arrester
housing
voltage
elements
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EP13766914.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2885789A1 (en
EP2885789C0 (en
Inventor
Dirk Springborn
Gundolf Barenthin
Erhard Pippert
Markus Sulitze
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2885789B1 publication Critical patent/EP2885789B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/02—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Surge arresters are protection systems, for example for switchgear, which divert these overvoltages to ground when overvoltages occur due to lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems and thus protect other components of the switchgear.
  • Such a surge arrester comprises one or more cylindrical arrester elements, which have a varistor column made up of individual varistor elements, which are also cylindrical.
  • Varistor elements are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages these act as insulators. Above a certain threshold voltage, which depends on the material, they show good conductivity.
  • Varistor elements are often made from metal oxides such as zinc oxide.
  • the diverter element is limited at both ends by end fittings, which establish electrical contact with the switchgear and ground.
  • the varistor column In order to ensure good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the varistor column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by clamping tension elements, for example ropes or rods, preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, in the end fittings under tension. The tension elements surround the varistor column and thus form a cage around it.
  • surge arresters For use in gas-insulated switchgear, surge arresters have a fluid-tight housing that surrounds the arrester element.
  • the housing is filled with a fluid, usually sulfur hexafluoride, to increase the dielectric strength.
  • the housing is usually made of metal and is electrically grounded.
  • An end fitting of the discharge column is over grounded by a contact through the housing.
  • the other end fitting is electrically connected via a bushing to a contact on the outside of the housing, which is used for connection to the switchgear.
  • the surge arrester must be separated from the switchgear due to the high voltages that then occur. Otherwise the surge arrester would divert the voltage to ground and the measurement result would be distorted.
  • surge arresters are known that have a separation point, with which the surge arrester can be separated from the switchgear. To operate this separation point, the housing must be opened, which allows sulfur hexafluoride to escape. Since sulfur hexafluoride is a harmful greenhouse gas, this is highly undesirable and therefore detrimental.
  • a generic surge arrester is known in which the arrester column is separated from the switchgear by moving the arrangement of the arrester column and control hood together, thus establishing or interrupting an electrical connection. For actuation, a linear movement is carried out in a gas-tight manner through the housing wall.
  • US 4015228 A discloses a surge arrester including a metal oxide varistor, solder thermally connected thereto, and a conductive rod. When there is an overvoltage, the metal oxide varistor heats up the solder so that the solder melts. Melting the solder triggers movement of the conductive rod which interrupts an electrical current.
  • the publication EP2466596 A1 also deals with surge arresters.
  • the disadvantage of the solutions from the prior art is that complex mechanics are necessary, that large masses have to be moved and that the space requirement is high.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a compact surge arrester which has a separation point that can be operated from the outside, with a simple mechanism with the smallest possible masses to be moved.
  • the invention provides a surge arrester with a fluid-tight housing.
  • the housing has a ground contact and a high-voltage contact, the ground contact and the high-voltage contact each electrically connecting the interior to the exterior of the housing.
  • a diverter element arranged in the housing has a diverter column clamped between two end fittings by means of tension elements.
  • An electrical connection from the ground contact to the high-voltage contact can be established or interrupted from outside the housing via a contact element that can be displaced in an axial direction by means of a displacement device.
  • the contact element is guided in a bore of an end fitting. This means that the surge arrester can be made very compact.
  • a mechanically simple but still reliable construction is possible.
  • the contact element is resiliently connected to the displacement device in the axial direction. In this way, length tolerances of the displacement device can be easily compensated for without complex adjustment devices.
  • diverting elements each with a contact element, are arranged in the housing.
  • the housing has a high-voltage contact for each diverting element and the contact elements can be moved together by means of the displacement device. This makes it easy to build a multi-pole, encapsulated surge arrester that has its own separation point for each pole, but the separation points can be operated together.
  • the displacement device has a push rod connected to the contact element for each diverting element.
  • the displacement device has a central rod which is guided from the inside of the housing in a gas-tight manner to the outside and can be moved outside the housing by an actuating device.
  • a coupling element is connected to the central rod and to the push rods. This makes it possible in a particularly simple manner to operate multiple separation points in a surge arrester together with a single actuating device from outside the housing.
  • the central rod preferably forms a threaded drive with the coupling element, which transmits a rotating movement of the central rod into a linear movement of the coupling element.
  • the central rod has an external thread and the coupling element has a corresponding internal thread. Both threads are preferably trapezoidal threads. This enables a particularly simple and compact drive for moving the contact elements.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show a surge arrester 1 in a sectional view.
  • Three diverting elements 5 are arranged in a fluid-tight housing 2 and are intended to protect a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear. These diverter elements 5 each have a cylindrical diverter column 12, a high-voltage end fitting 7, an earth-side end fitting 6 and several tension elements 11.
  • the discharge column 12 is composed of individual, also cylindrical varistor blocks.
  • the end fittings 6, 7 usually consist of electrically conductive material.
  • the tension elements 12 are pressed into the end fittings 6, 7 under tension and thus hold the discharge column 12 together.
  • Retaining disks 24 are inserted into the diverter column 12, which have holes through which the tension elements 12 are guided and thus additionally stabilize the diverter element 5.
  • the housing 2 is essentially cylindrical.
  • the longitudinal axis 50 which defines an axial direction, extends along the cylinder axis.
  • the diverting element 5 is aligned along this longitudinal axis 50.
  • the housing 2 is sealed in a fluid-tight manner on the two cover surfaces.
  • the top surface of the housing 2 is closed with a simple housing cover 22.
  • a ground contact 3 is electrically insulated through this housing cover 22 from the inside to the outside of the housing 2 and serves as the ground connection. Inside the housing 2, this ground contact 3 is electrically conductively connected to the diverting element 5, for example with a cable 13.
  • the earth-side end fitting 6 is attached to the housing cover 22 and electrically insulated from the discharge column 12 by an insulating intermediate piece 25.
  • the housing cover 22 generally has a connection, not shown here, via which fluid, for example sulfur hexafluoride, can be filled into the housing 2 or drained away.
  • the housing 2 can also have further devices such as a maintenance opening 21.
  • the top surface of the housing 2 is provided with a high-voltage bushing 14 in order to lead the high-voltage electrical potential into the housing 2 from the outside without the risk of flashover between the high voltage and the grounded housing 2.
  • the bushing 14 is designed here as a three-pole bushing 14, which leads three high-voltage contacts 4 that are insulated from each other and against the housing into the housing 2.
  • the surge arrester 1 can be connected to a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear, not shown here, via the high-voltage contacts 4. Inside the housing 2, the high-voltage contacts 4 protrude into the housing 2 like fingers.
  • This separation point 10 can be closed with a contact element 9.
  • This contact element 9 is designed as a cylindrical pin or sleeve and can be moved in the axial direction in a bore 26 in the high-voltage side end fitting 7. Bore 26 and contact element 9 are coordinated with one another in such a way that both mechanical guidance, as well as a good electrical connection between contact element 9 and end fitting 7. Alternatively, sliding or sliding contacts can establish the electrical connection. If the contact element 9 is moved to the high-voltage contact 4, the separation point 10 is finally closed.
  • the contact element 9 is moved by means of a displacement device 8.
  • This has an actuating device 23, a central rod 16, a coupling element 17 and push rods 15.
  • the actuating device 23 located outside the housing 2 is connected to a central rod 16, which is guided into the housing 2 in a gas-tight manner.
  • the coupling element 17 is arranged on the central rod 16 inside the housing 2.
  • Central rod 16 and coupling element 17 form a thread drive in that the central rod 16 has an external thread and the coupling element 17 has a corresponding internal thread, for example a trapezoidal thread.
  • On the coupling element 17, an arm 19 pointing radially outwards is arranged for each diverter element 5, at the outer end of which a connecting element 20 for receiving the push rods 15 is arranged.
  • Figure 3 shows such a coupling element.
  • the push rods 15 are fixed at one end in this connecting element 20 and are connected to the contact element 9 at the other end.
  • the connection of the push rod 15 to the contact element 9 is as in Figure 4 shown springy.
  • the push rod 15 is inserted into a bore 30 in the contact element 9.
  • An annular sleeve 33 forms a stop for a spring 32, shown here as a coil spring, which is threaded onto the end of the push rod 15 is.
  • a shoulder at the transition from the bore 30 to a bore 31 with a larger diameter forms a further stop for the spring 32.
  • the bore 31 is closed at the end with a plug 34 through which the push rod 15 is guided. The plug 34 prevents the push rod 15 from being pulled out of the hole 31.
  • the spring 32 is tensioned and generated between the sleeve 33 and the shoulder between the bores 30 and 31 a contact force of the contact element 9 on the high-voltage contact 4.
  • the pull rod 16 rotates inside the housing 2 and transmits the rotating movement of the actuating device 23 by means of the coupling element 17 to the push rods 15 and thus to the contact elements 9.
  • the separation point 10 is opened or closed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1.

Überspannungsableiter sind Schutzsysteme beispielsweise für Schaltanlagen, die bei auftretenden Überspannungen durch Blitzeinschlag oder Fehlfunktionen anderer Teilsysteme diese Überspannungen zur Masse hin ableiten und so andere Bauteile der Schaltanlage schützen.Surge arresters are protection systems, for example for switchgear, which divert these overvoltages to ground when overvoltages occur due to lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems and thus protect other components of the switchgear.

Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter umfasst ein oder mehrere zylindrische Ableitelemente, die eine aus einzelnen ebenfalls zylindrischen Varistorelementen aufgebaute Varistorsäule aufweisen. Varistorelemente zeichnen sich durch einen spannungsabhängigen Widerstand aus. Bei niedrigen Spannungen wirken diese als Isolatoren. Ab einer bestimmten Schwellenspannung, die materialabhängig ist, zeigen sie eine gute Leitfähigkeit. Häufig werden Varistorelemente aus Metalloxiden wie Zinkoxid hergestellt. Das Ableitelement wird an beiden Enden von Endarmaturen begrenzt, die den elektrischen Kontakt zur Schaltanlage und zur Masse herstellen. Um einen guten elektrischen Kontakt auch unter mechanischer Belastung zu gewährleisten, muss die Varistorsäule unter Druck zusammengehalten werden. Dies kann erfolgen, indem Zugelemente beispielsweise Seile oder Stäbe vorzugsweise aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff in den Endarmaturen unter Zug eingespannt werden. Die Zugelemente umgeben dabei die Varistorsäule und bilden so einen Käfig um diese.Such a surge arrester comprises one or more cylindrical arrester elements, which have a varistor column made up of individual varistor elements, which are also cylindrical. Varistor elements are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages these act as insulators. Above a certain threshold voltage, which depends on the material, they show good conductivity. Varistor elements are often made from metal oxides such as zinc oxide. The diverter element is limited at both ends by end fittings, which establish electrical contact with the switchgear and ground. In order to ensure good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the varistor column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by clamping tension elements, for example ropes or rods, preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, in the end fittings under tension. The tension elements surround the varistor column and thus form a cage around it.

Für den Einsatz in gasisolierten Schaltanlagen weisen Überspannungsableiter ein fluiddichtes Gehäuse auf, das das Ableitelement umgibt. Das Gehäuse ist dabei zur Erhöhung der Durchschlagfestigkeit mit einem Fluid, meist Schwefelhexafluorid, gefüllt. Das Gehäuse besteht meist aus Metall und ist elektrisch geerdet. Eine Endarmatur der Ableitsäule ist über einen durch das Gehäuse geführten Kontakt geerdet. Die andere Endarmatur ist über eine Durchführung mit einem an der Außenseite des Gehäuses befindlichen Kontakt elektrisch verbunden, der dem Anschluss an die Schaltanlage dient.For use in gas-insulated switchgear, surge arresters have a fluid-tight housing that surrounds the arrester element. The housing is filled with a fluid, usually sulfur hexafluoride, to increase the dielectric strength. The housing is usually made of metal and is electrically grounded. An end fitting of the discharge column is over grounded by a contact through the housing. The other end fitting is electrically connected via a bushing to a contact on the outside of the housing, which is used for connection to the switchgear.

Soll die Schaltanlage elektrisch getestet werden, so muss wegen der dann auftretenden hohen Spannungen der Überspannungsableiter von der Schaltanlage getrennt werden. Andernfalls würde der Überspannungsableiter die Spannung zur Erde ableiten und das Messergebnis würde verfälscht.If the switchgear is to be tested electrically, the surge arrester must be separated from the switchgear due to the high voltages that then occur. Otherwise the surge arrester would divert the voltage to ground and the measurement result would be distorted.

Bislang sind Überspannungsableiter bekannt, die eine Trennstelle aufweisen, womit der Überspannungsableiter von der Schaltanlage getrennt werden kann. Zum Betätigen dieser Trennstelle muss das Gehäuse geöffnet werden, wodurch Schwefelhexafluorid austreten kann. Da Schwefelhexafluorid ein schädliches Treibhausgas ist, ist dies höchst unerwünscht und somit nachteilig.So far, surge arresters are known that have a separation point, with which the surge arrester can be separated from the switchgear. To operate this separation point, the housing must be opened, which allows sulfur hexafluoride to escape. Since sulfur hexafluoride is a harmful greenhouse gas, this is highly undesirable and therefore detrimental.

Aus der JP 10322822-A ist ein gattungsgemäßer Überspannungsableiter bekannt, bei dem die Ableitsäule von der Schaltanlage getrennt wird, indem die Anordnung aus Ableitsäule und Steuerhaube gemeinsam bewegt wird und so eine elektrische Verbindung hergestellt oder unterbrochen wird. Zur Betätigung wird hierbei eine lineare Bewegung gasdicht durch die Gehäusewand ausgeführt.From the JP 10322822-A A generic surge arrester is known in which the arrester column is separated from the switchgear by moving the arrangement of the arrester column and control hood together, thus establishing or interrupting an electrical connection. For actuation, a linear movement is carried out in a gas-tight manner through the housing wall.

In der internationalen Anmeldung mit dem Anmeldeaktenzeichen PCT/EP2012/059973 ist ein Überspannungsableiter beschrieben, bei dem die Steuerhaube gegen das Ableitelement verschoben werden kann und so eine Trennstelle geöffnet oder geschlossen werden kann.In the international application with the application file number PCT/EP2012/059973 A surge arrester is described in which the control hood can be moved against the arrester element and so a separation point can be opened or closed.

US 4015228 A offenbart einen Überspannungsableiter mit einem Metalloxidvaristor, einem damit thermisch verbundenen Lot und einer leitenden Stange. Bei einer Überspannung heizt der Metalloxidvaristor das Lot auf, so dass das Lot schmilzt. Das Schmelzen des Lots löst eine Bewegung der leitenden Stange aus, die einen elektrischen Strom unterbricht. Die Druckschrift EP2466596 A1 beschäftigt sich ebenfalls mit Überspannungsableitern. US 4015228 A discloses a surge arrester including a metal oxide varistor, solder thermally connected thereto, and a conductive rod. When there is an overvoltage, the metal oxide varistor heats up the solder so that the solder melts. Melting the solder triggers movement of the conductive rod which interrupts an electrical current. The publication EP2466596 A1 also deals with surge arresters.

Nachteilig an den Lösungen aus dem Stand der Technik ist, dass eine aufwendige Mechanik notwendig ist, dass große Massen bewegt werden müssen und dass der Raumbedarf hoch ist. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen kompakten Überspannungsableiter anzugeben, der eine von außen betätigbare Trennstelle aufweist, mit einer einfachen Mechanik mit möglichst kleinen zu bewegenden Massen.The disadvantage of the solutions from the prior art is that complex mechanics are necessary, that large masses have to be moved and that the space requirement is high. The object of the present invention is to provide a compact surge arrester which has a separation point that can be operated from the outside, with a simple mechanism with the smallest possible masses to be moved.

Die Aufgabe wird mit den Mitteln der Erfindung gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved using the means of the invention according to claim 1.

Dabei sieht die Erfindung einen Überspannungsableiter mit einem fluiddichten Gehäuse vor. Das Gehäuse weist einen Erdkontakt und einen Hochspannungskontakt auf, wobei der Erdkontakt und der Hochspannungskontakt jeweils das Innere mit dem Äußeren des Gehäuses elektrisch verbinden. Ein in dem Gehäuse angeordnetes Ableitelement weist eine zwischen zwei Endarmaturen mittels Zugelementen eingespannte Ableitsäule auf. Über ein mittels einer Verschiebeeinrichtung in einer axialen Richtung verschiebbares Kontaktelement ist von außerhalb des Gehäuses eine elektrische Verbindung vom Erdkontakt zum Hochspannungskontakt über das Ableitelement herstellbar beziehungsweise unterbrechbar. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Kontaktelement in einer Bohrung einer Endarmatur geführt. Dadurch ist der Überspannungsableiter sehr kompakt ausführbar. Außerdem ist durch die Führung des Kontaktelementes in der Bohrung der Endarmatur eine mechanisch einfache, aber dennoch zuverlässige Konstruktion möglich.The invention provides a surge arrester with a fluid-tight housing. The housing has a ground contact and a high-voltage contact, the ground contact and the high-voltage contact each electrically connecting the interior to the exterior of the housing. A diverter element arranged in the housing has a diverter column clamped between two end fittings by means of tension elements. An electrical connection from the ground contact to the high-voltage contact can be established or interrupted from outside the housing via a contact element that can be displaced in an axial direction by means of a displacement device. According to the invention, the contact element is guided in a bore of an end fitting. This means that the surge arrester can be made very compact. In addition, by guiding the contact element in the bore of the end fitting, a mechanically simple but still reliable construction is possible.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Kontaktelement mit der Verschiebeeinrichtung in der axialen Richtung federnd verbunden. Hierdurch können auf einfache Weise Längentoleranzen der Verschiebeeinrichtung ohne aufwendige Justagevorrichtungen ausgeglichen werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the contact element is resiliently connected to the displacement device in the axial direction. In this way, length tolerances of the displacement device can be easily compensated for without complex adjustment devices.

Erfindungsgemäß sind mehrere, insbesondere drei, Ableitelemente mit jeweils einem Kontaktelement in dem Gehäuse angeordnet.According to the invention, several, in particular three, diverting elements, each with a contact element, are arranged in the housing.

Dabei weist das Gehäuse für jedes Ableitelement jeweils einen Hochspannungskontakt auf und die Kontaktelemente sind mittels der Verschiebeeinrichtung gemeinsam verschiebbar. Hierdurch ist es auf einfache Weise möglich einen mehrpoligen gekapselten Überspannungsableiter zu bauen, der für jeden Pol eine eigene Trennstelle aufweist, die Trennstellen jedoch gemeinsam bedienbar sind.The housing has a high-voltage contact for each diverting element and the contact elements can be moved together by means of the displacement device. This makes it easy to build a multi-pole, encapsulated surge arrester that has its own separation point for each pole, but the separation points can be operated together.

Besonders vorteilhaft weist die Verschiebeeinrichtung je Ableitelement eine mit dem Kontaktelement verbundene Schubstange auf. Außerdem weist die Verschiebeeinrichtung eine vom Inneren des Gehäuses gasdicht nach Außen geführte und außerhalb des Gehäuses durch eine Betätigungseinrichtung bewegbare Zentralstange auf. Dabei ist zur Übertragung einer Bewegung der Betätigungseinrichtung auf die Kontaktelemente ein Koppelelement mit der Zentralstange und mit den Schubstangen verbunden. Hierdurch ist es auf besonders einfache Weise möglich, mehrere Trennstellen in einem Überspannungsableiter gemeinsam mit einer einzigen Betätigungseinrichtung von außerhalb des Gehäuses zu bedienen.Particularly advantageously, the displacement device has a push rod connected to the contact element for each diverting element. In addition, the displacement device has a central rod which is guided from the inside of the housing in a gas-tight manner to the outside and can be moved outside the housing by an actuating device. In order to transmit a movement of the actuating device to the contact elements, a coupling element is connected to the central rod and to the push rods. This makes it possible in a particularly simple manner to operate multiple separation points in a surge arrester together with a single actuating device from outside the housing.

Vorzugsweise bildet die Zentralstange mit dem Koppelelement einen Gewindeantrieb, der eine rotierende Bewegung der Zentralstange in eine lineare Bewegung des Koppelelementes überträgt. Die Zentralstange weist dazu ein Außengewinde auf, das Koppelelement ein entsprechendes Innengewinde. Vorzugsweise sind beide Gewinde Trapezgewinde. Dies ermöglicht einen besonders einfachen und kompakten Antrieb für die Bewegung der Kontaktelemente.The central rod preferably forms a threaded drive with the coupling element, which transmits a rotating movement of the central rod into a linear movement of the coupling element. The central rod has an external thread and the coupling element has a corresponding internal thread. Both threads are preferably trapezoidal threads. This enables a particularly simple and compact drive for moving the contact elements.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter in einer Schnittdarstellung mit geschlossener Trennstelle,
Figur 2
einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter in einer Schnittdarstellung mit geöffneter Trennstelle,
Figur 3
eine Detaildarstellung des Koppelelementes,
Figur 4
eine Detaildarstellung der Trennstelle.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show:
Figure 1
a surge arrester according to the invention in a sectional view with a closed separation point,
Figure 2
a surge arrester according to the invention in a sectional view with the separation point open,
Figure 3
a detailed representation of the coupling element,
Figure 4
a detailed representation of the separation point.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numbers in all figures.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen einen Überspannungsableiter 1 in Schnittdarstellung. In einem fluiddichten Gehäuse 2 sind hier drei Ableitelemente 5 angeordnet, die für den Schutz einer dreiphasigen gasisolierten Schaltanlage vorgesehen sind. Diese Ableitelemente 5 weisen jeweils eine zylindrische Ableitsäule 12, eine hochspannungsseitige Endarmatur 7, eine erdseitige Endarmatur 6 und mehrere Zugelemente 11 auf. Die Ableitsäule 12 ist aus einzelnen, ebenfalls zylindrischen Varistorblöcken zusammengesetzt. Die Endarmaturen 6, 7 bestehen meist aus elektrisch leitendem Material. Die Zugelemente 12 sind in den Endarmaturen 6, 7 unter Zug verpresst und halten so die Ableitsäule 12 zusammen. In die Ableitsäule 12 sind Haltescheiben 24 eingefügt, die Löcher aufweisen, durch die die Zugelemente 12 geführt sind und so das Ableitelement 5 zusätzlich stabilisieren.The Figures 1 and 2 show a surge arrester 1 in a sectional view. Three diverting elements 5 are arranged in a fluid-tight housing 2 and are intended to protect a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear. These diverter elements 5 each have a cylindrical diverter column 12, a high-voltage end fitting 7, an earth-side end fitting 6 and several tension elements 11. The discharge column 12 is composed of individual, also cylindrical varistor blocks. The end fittings 6, 7 usually consist of electrically conductive material. The tension elements 12 are pressed into the end fittings 6, 7 under tension and thus hold the discharge column 12 together. Retaining disks 24 are inserted into the diverter column 12, which have holes through which the tension elements 12 are guided and thus additionally stabilize the diverter element 5.

Das Gehäuse 2 ist im Wesentlichen zylinderförmig. Entlang der Zylinderachse erstreckt sich die Längsachse 50, die eine axiale Richtung definiert. Das Ableitelement 5 ist entlang dieser Längsachse 50 ausgerichtet. An den beiden Deckflächen ist das Gehäuse 2 fluiddicht verschlossen.The housing 2 is essentially cylindrical. The longitudinal axis 50, which defines an axial direction, extends along the cylinder axis. The diverting element 5 is aligned along this longitudinal axis 50. The housing 2 is sealed in a fluid-tight manner on the two cover surfaces.

Auf einer Erdanschlussseite des Ableitelementes 5 ist die Deckfläche des Gehäuses 2 mit einem einfachen Gehäusedeckel 22 verschlossen. Ein Erdkontakt 3 ist elektrisch isoliert durch diesen Gehäusedeckel 22 vom Inneren zum Äußeren des Gehäuses 2 geführt und dient dem Erdungsanschluss. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 2 ist dieser Erdkontakt 3 elektrisch leitend mit dem Ableitelement 5 beispielsweise mit einem Kabel 13 verbunden. Die erdseitige Endarmatur 6 ist an dem Gehäusedeckel 22 befestigt und gegen die Ableitsäule 12 durch ein isolierendes Zwischenstück 25 elektrisch isoliert. Der Gehäusedeckel 22 weist in der Regel einen hier nicht dargestellten Anschluss auf, über den Fluid, beispielsweise Schwefelhexafluorid, in das Gehäuse 2 eingefüllt, beziehungsweise abgelassen werden kann. Das Gehäuse 2 kann außerdem weitere Einrichtungen wie eine Wartungsöffnung 21 aufweisen.On an earth connection side of the diverting element 5, the top surface of the housing 2 is closed with a simple housing cover 22. A ground contact 3 is electrically insulated through this housing cover 22 from the inside to the outside of the housing 2 and serves as the ground connection. Inside the housing 2, this ground contact 3 is electrically conductively connected to the diverting element 5, for example with a cable 13. The earth-side end fitting 6 is attached to the housing cover 22 and electrically insulated from the discharge column 12 by an insulating intermediate piece 25. The housing cover 22 generally has a connection, not shown here, via which fluid, for example sulfur hexafluoride, can be filled into the housing 2 or drained away. The housing 2 can also have further devices such as a maintenance opening 21.

Auf einer Hochspannungsanschlussseite des Ableitelementes 5 ist die Deckfläche des Gehäuses 2 mit einer Hochspannungsdurchführung 14 versehen, um das elektrische Hochspannungspotential ohne Gefahr eines Überschlags zwischen Hochspannung und geerdetem Gehäuse 2 von außen in das Gehäuse 2 hinein zu führen. Die Durchführung 14 ist hier als dreipolige Durchführung 14 ausgeführt, die drei gegeneinander und gegen das Gehäuse isolierte Hochspannungskontakte 4 in das Gehäuse 2 hinein führt. Über die Hochspannungskontakte 4 kann der Überspannungsableiter 1 an eine hier nicht dargestellte dreiphasige gasisolierte Schaltanlage angeschlossen werden. Im Inneren des Gehäuses 2 ragen die Hochspannungskontakte 4 fingerartig in das Gehäuse 2 hinein.On a high-voltage connection side of the discharge element 5, the top surface of the housing 2 is provided with a high-voltage bushing 14 in order to lead the high-voltage electrical potential into the housing 2 from the outside without the risk of flashover between the high voltage and the grounded housing 2. The bushing 14 is designed here as a three-pole bushing 14, which leads three high-voltage contacts 4 that are insulated from each other and against the housing into the housing 2. The surge arrester 1 can be connected to a three-phase gas-insulated switchgear, not shown here, via the high-voltage contacts 4. Inside the housing 2, the high-voltage contacts 4 protrude into the housing 2 like fingers.

Der Abstand zwischen hochspannungsseitiger Endarmatur 7 und jeweiligem Hochspannungskontakt 4 bildet eine Trennstelle 10. Diese Trennstelle 10 kann mit einem Kontaktelement 9 geschlossen werden. Dieses Kontaktelement 9 ist als Stift oder Hülse zylindrisch ausgeführt, und kann in einer Bohrung 26 der hochspannungsseitigen Endarmatur 7 in axialer Richtung bewegt werden. Bohrung 26 und Kontaktelement 9 sind dabei so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass sowohl eine mechanische Führung, als auch eine gute elektrische Verbindung zwischen Kontaktelement 9 und Endarmatur 7 besteht. Alternativ können Schleif- oder Gleitkontakte die elektrische Verbindung herstellen. Wird das Kontaktelement 9 zum Hochspannungskontakt 4 bewegt, so wird die Trennstelle 10 schließlich geschlossen. Es besteht dann eine elektrische Verbindung von der Schaltanlage über den Hochspannungskontakt 4 ins Innere des Gehäuses 2, über das Kontaktelement 9, die hochspannungsseitige Endarmatur 7, die Ableitsäule 12, das Erdkabel 13 schließlich zum geerdeten Erdkontakt 3. Wird das Kontaktelement 9 vom Hochspannungskontakt 4 weg bewegt, so wird die Trennstelle 10 geöffnet und das Ableitelement 5 hat keine elektrische Verbindung mehr zum Hochspannungskontakt 4 und damit zur Schaltanlage.The distance between the high-voltage end fitting 7 and the respective high-voltage contact 4 forms a separation point 10. This separation point 10 can be closed with a contact element 9. This contact element 9 is designed as a cylindrical pin or sleeve and can be moved in the axial direction in a bore 26 in the high-voltage side end fitting 7. Bore 26 and contact element 9 are coordinated with one another in such a way that both mechanical guidance, as well as a good electrical connection between contact element 9 and end fitting 7. Alternatively, sliding or sliding contacts can establish the electrical connection. If the contact element 9 is moved to the high-voltage contact 4, the separation point 10 is finally closed. There is then an electrical connection from the switchgear via the high-voltage contact 4 into the interior of the housing 2, via the contact element 9, the high-voltage end fitting 7, the discharge column 12, the earth cable 13 and finally to the grounded earth contact 3. If the contact element 9 moves away from the high-voltage contact 4 moves, the separation point 10 is opened and the diverting element 5 no longer has an electrical connection to the high-voltage contact 4 and thus to the switchgear.

Die Bewegung des Kontaktelementes 9 geschieht mittels einer Verschiebeeinrichtung 8. Diese weist eine Betätigungseinrichtung 23, eine Zentralstange 16, ein Koppelelement 17 und Schubstangen 15 auf. Die außerhalb des Gehäuses 2 liegende Betätigungseinrichtung 23 ist mit einer Zentralstange 16 verbunden, die gasdicht in das Gehäuse 2 geführt ist. Auf der Zentralstange 16 ist im Inneren des Gehäuses 2 das Koppelelement 17 angeordnet. Zentralstange 16 und Koppelelement 17 bilden dabei einen Gewindeantrieb, indem die Zentralstange 16 ein Außengewinde und das Koppelelement 17 ein entsprechendes Innengewinde, beispielsweise ein Trapezgewinde aufweist. An dem Koppelelement 17 ist je Ableitelement 5 ein radial nach außen zeigender Arm 19 angeordnet, an dessen äußeren Ende ein Verbindungselement 20 zur Aufnahme der Schubstangen 15 angeordnet ist. Figur 3 zeigt ein solches Koppelelement. Die Schubstangen 15 sind mit einem Ende in diesem Verbindungselement 20 festgelegt und mit dem anderen Ende mit dem Kontaktelement 9 verbunden. Die Verbindung der Schubstange 15 mit dem Kontaktelement 9 ist wie in Figur 4 gezeigt federnd ausgeführt. Dazu ist die Schubstange 15 in eine Bohrung 30 des Kontaktelementes 9 eingeführt. Eine ringförmige Manschette 33 bildet einen Anschlag für eine Feder 32 hier als Schraubenfeder dargestellt, die auf das Ende der Schubstange 15 aufgefädelt ist. Eine Schulter am Übergang der Bohrung 30 zu einer im Durchmesser weiteren Bohrung 31 bildet einen weiteren Anschlag für die Feder 32. Die Bohrung 31 ist am Ende mit einem Stopfen 34 verschlossen, durch den die Schubstange 15 geführt ist. Der Stopfen 34 verhindert, dass die Schubstange 15 aus der Bohrung 31 heraus gezogen werden kann. Wird das Kontaktelement 9 mittels der Schubstange 15 an den Hochspannungskontakt 4 heran bewegt, so wird, falls die Schubstange 15 weiter in Richtung des Hochspannungskontaktes 9 bewegt wird, die Feder 32 zwischen der Manschette 33 und der Schulter zwischen den Bohrungen 30 und 31 gespannt und erzeugt eine Anpresskraft des Kontaktelementes 9 an den Hochspannungskontakt 4.The contact element 9 is moved by means of a displacement device 8. This has an actuating device 23, a central rod 16, a coupling element 17 and push rods 15. The actuating device 23 located outside the housing 2 is connected to a central rod 16, which is guided into the housing 2 in a gas-tight manner. The coupling element 17 is arranged on the central rod 16 inside the housing 2. Central rod 16 and coupling element 17 form a thread drive in that the central rod 16 has an external thread and the coupling element 17 has a corresponding internal thread, for example a trapezoidal thread. On the coupling element 17, an arm 19 pointing radially outwards is arranged for each diverter element 5, at the outer end of which a connecting element 20 for receiving the push rods 15 is arranged. Figure 3 shows such a coupling element. The push rods 15 are fixed at one end in this connecting element 20 and are connected to the contact element 9 at the other end. The connection of the push rod 15 to the contact element 9 is as in Figure 4 shown springy. For this purpose, the push rod 15 is inserted into a bore 30 in the contact element 9. An annular sleeve 33 forms a stop for a spring 32, shown here as a coil spring, which is threaded onto the end of the push rod 15 is. A shoulder at the transition from the bore 30 to a bore 31 with a larger diameter forms a further stop for the spring 32. The bore 31 is closed at the end with a plug 34 through which the push rod 15 is guided. The plug 34 prevents the push rod 15 from being pulled out of the hole 31. If the contact element 9 is moved towards the high-voltage contact 4 by means of the push rod 15, if the push rod 15 is moved further in the direction of the high-voltage contact 9, the spring 32 is tensioned and generated between the sleeve 33 and the shoulder between the bores 30 and 31 a contact force of the contact element 9 on the high-voltage contact 4.

Wird die Betätigungseinrichtung 23 gedreht, so dreht sich die Zugstange 16 im Inneren des Gehäuses 2 und überträgt die rotierende Bewegung der Betätigungseinrichtung 23 mittels des Koppelelementes 17 auf die Schubstangen 15 und damit auf die Kontaktelemente 9. Je nach Bewegungsrichtung wird dabei die Trennstelle 10 geöffnet oder geschlossen.If the actuating device 23 is rotated, the pull rod 16 rotates inside the housing 2 and transmits the rotating movement of the actuating device 23 by means of the coupling element 17 to the push rods 15 and thus to the contact elements 9. Depending on the direction of movement, the separation point 10 is opened or closed.

Claims (4)

  1. Surge arrester (1) comprising a housing (2), which has a grounding contact (3) and a high-voltage contact (4), wherein the grounding contact (3) and the high-voltage contact (4) each electrically connect the interior to the exterior of the housing (2), and comprising an arrester element (5), which is arranged in the housing (2) and has an arrester column (12) which is clamped in between two end fittings (6, 7), wherein, by way of a contact element (9) which is displaceable in an axial direction by means of a displacement device (8), an electrical connection from the grounding contact (3) to the high-voltage contact (4) via the arrester element (5) can be interrupted, wherein the housing (2) is formed as fluid-tight and is filled with a fluid to increase the dielectric strength, and,
    by way of the contact element (9) which is displaceable in the axial direction by means of the displacement device (8), the electrical connection from the grounding contact (3) to the high-voltage contact (4) via the arrester element (5) can be established in order to close a disconnection point (10) between the grounding contact (3) and the high-voltage contact (4), and a plurality of such arrester elements (5) with in each case one contact element (9) are arranged in the housing (2), which has in each case one high-voltage contact (4) for each arrester element (5), wherein the contact elements (9) are jointly displaceable by means of the displacement device (8), wherein each of the arrester elements (5) respectively has a cylindrical arrester column (12), an electrically conducting end fitting (6) on the high-voltage side and an electrically conducting end fitting (7) on the ground side, wherein the arrester columns (12) are in each case clamped between the end fittings (6, 7) by means of tensioning elements (11), characterized in that in each case one of the contact elements (9) is guided in a bore (26) of the respective end fitting (7) on the high-voltage side.
  2. Surge arrester (1) according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that in each case the contact element (9) is connected in a sprung manner to the displacement device (8) in the axial direction.
  3. Surge arrester (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized
    in that the displacement device (8) has one pushrod (15) connected to the contact element (9) per arrester element (5), and has a central rod (16) which is guided from the interior of the housing (2) in a gas-tight manner to the outside and which is movable outside the housing (2) by an actuation device (23), wherein, in order to transfer a movement of the actuation device (23) to the contact elements (9), a coupling element (17) is connected to the central rod (16) and to the pushrods (15).
  4. Surge arrester (1) according to Claim 3,
    characterized
    in that the central rod (16) forms, with the coupling element (17), a threaded drive, which converts a rotary movement of the central rod (16) into a linear movement of the coupling element (17) .
EP13766914.9A 2012-09-25 2013-09-05 Surge arrester Active EP2885789B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012217310.2A DE102012217310A1 (en) 2012-09-25 2012-09-25 Surge arresters
PCT/EP2013/068353 WO2014048691A1 (en) 2012-09-25 2013-09-05 Surge arrester

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EP2885789A1 EP2885789A1 (en) 2015-06-24
EP2885789B1 true EP2885789B1 (en) 2024-03-20
EP2885789C0 EP2885789C0 (en) 2024-03-20

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KR (1) KR101733899B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104641428B (en)
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WO (1) WO2014048691A1 (en)

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EP3048617B1 (en) 2015-01-26 2020-08-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge absorber
EP3131098B1 (en) * 2015-08-12 2018-02-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Enclosed surge voltage protector
CN105391027A (en) * 2015-11-14 2016-03-09 彭伟成 Transformer voltage protection device
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EP2885789A1 (en) 2015-06-24
DE102012217310A1 (en) 2014-03-27
WO2014048691A1 (en) 2014-04-03
JP2015537369A (en) 2015-12-24
CN104641428A (en) 2015-05-20
EP2885789C0 (en) 2024-03-20
JP6025988B2 (en) 2016-11-16
KR20150048191A (en) 2015-05-06
KR101733899B1 (en) 2017-05-08
CN104641428B (en) 2017-06-30

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