EP2973635B1 - Actionneur magnetothermique - Google Patents
Actionneur magnetothermique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2973635B1 EP2973635B1 EP14715345.6A EP14715345A EP2973635B1 EP 2973635 B1 EP2973635 B1 EP 2973635B1 EP 14715345 A EP14715345 A EP 14715345A EP 2973635 B1 EP2973635 B1 EP 2973635B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- thermal
- thermal actuator
- magneto
- striker
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
- H01H71/16—Electrothermal mechanisms with bimetal element
- H01H71/161—Electrothermal mechanisms with bimetal element with helically or spirally wound bimetal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetothermic actuator in general, more particularly intended for an electrical appliance, in particular of the circuit-breaker type, and designed to provide protection by opening at least one electric line in the event of a fault resulting in a rapid rise of the current , for example following a short circuit, or slow in case of overload in the circuit.
- the invention also relates to electrical apparatus which is provided with such a magnetothermal actuator.
- the magnetic tripping is generally ensured by a coil connected in series in the circuit, and which cooperates with a magnetic circuit with fixed yoke and moving part channeling the magnetic field produced by the coil, the movable member playing the role, directly or via a firing pin, trigger element of the mechanical lock.
- This component consists of a spring composed of a shape memory alloy.
- a shape memory alloy can undergo an apparently plastic deformation of a few percent in a certain temperature range and fully recover its initial / original shape by reheating: this is the shape memory effect.
- This shape memory spring can relax to return to its original shape when its internal temperature exceeds a threshold due to the heat generated by the coil, and is able to deform again under the action of a compression force when its internal temperature falls below this threshold.
- the coil which is traversed by the electric current, therefore sees its internal temperature rise and emit heat around it during a slow current overload. It thus indirectly heats the deformable component. It plays an essential role for both the magnetic tripping and the thermal tripping of the actuator.
- the disadvantage associated with this type of configuration lies in the large thermal inertia of the coil. Indeed, the latter takes time to heat, and the deformable component thus takes time to regain its original shape, resulting in a late release of the thermal actuator compared to the desired tripping performance according to the thermal protection curve.
- the coil because of the proximity of the components of the magnetic actuator and the thermal actuator, the coil not only heats the deformable component, but also the subassembly magnetic present in its vicinity. The volume of heating is much too important, and the yield of the operation therefore low.
- the coil takes a long time to cool, and the deformable component thus takes time to cool down and return to its compressed position, thus preventing a resetting of the product in due time.
- the dimensioning of the coil must be carried out accordingly, that is to say that the number of turns that constitutes it must be increased compared to an actuator traditionally devolved to the simple magnetic function, the section of turns being imposed, so invariable.
- the thus dimensioned coil is on the one hand relatively bulky, in an apparatus that is desired compact, and on the other hand generates an increased need for material constituting the coil compared to a traditional product.
- Such a magnetothermal actuator is also known from the document DE 197 50 875 C1 .
- the magnetothermic actuator of the invention proposes a solution in which the thermal function, although based on the same principle based on a deformable component of heat-sensitive material, makes it possible to substantially improve the performance of triggering and resetting the thermal actuator.
- the magnetothermal actuator of the invention conventionally comprises a magnetic actuator consisting of a coil placed in series in an electrical line, surrounding a fixed core and a movable core and driving the movable core between two positions respectively embodying two states. inactive and active actuator.
- This mobile core is recalled in position corresponding to the inactive state of the actuator by means of first return means.
- It furthermore comprises a thermal actuator comprising a deformable component made of thermosensitive material able to pass from a shape initial to a final form materializing two states respectively inactive and active actuator under the effect of heat generated around him.
- the configuration is such that the magnetic actuator and the thermal actuator are collinear along an axis of revolution (X).
- the magnetothermal actuator of the invention is characterized principally in that it comprises a heating element made of thermally conductive material placed in series with said coil, said heating element cooperating thermally with the deformable component being able to generate heat around him.
- the heating element is placed in series with the coil, thus crossed by the same electric current. It heats up when it is covered by short circuit currents, as well as overloads.
- the coil discharged from its role of heating the thermal subassembly, can then be dimensioned normally for the magnetic subassembly to which it belongs. Specifically, the number of turns is reduced, resulting in a decrease in its size within the actuator, and an economic gain in terms of manufacturing.
- the magnetothermal actuator of the invention is also characterized by a main draw in that the heating element consists of a planar-like work piece, of the washer type, centered with respect to the axis (X), extending radially at the actuator and providing a heat transmission surface whose central portion is directly in contact with the deformable component.
- the shape of the washer-shaped heating element therefore of relatively small thickness, and its alignment on the axis (X), makes it possible to integrate it easily within the actuator with a small space requirement.
- This heating part being solely designed in thermally conductive material, steel, brass or copper, its manufacture is easy and its cost is low compared to that of an oversize coil as described in the prior art.
- the thermal actuator comprises means of distribution and concentration of heat around the deformable component (10) so as to avoid the dispersion of calories within the actuator, and therefore the unnecessary heating of the magnetic subassembly .
- said means for distributing and concentrating heat around the deformable component consist of an axis sleeve (X) of thermally conductive material surrounding the deformable component over its entire length, and comprising, at a first open end, a radially extending flange whose outer surface is contiguous to the heat transfer surface of the heating element.
- X axis sleeve
- This sleeve whose collar is in direct contact with the heating part, thus creates a "thermal cylinder" within which the deformable component can quickly heat and cool, depending on the current flowing through the heating part.
- the sleeve distributes the heat all around the deformable component, while the heating element acts via the portion of the deformable component in contact with the central portion of the heat transmission surface.
- the combination of the sleeve and the heating part thus optimally channels the calories, and guides them correctly within the actuator, for efficient heating of the deformable component.
- the thermal inertia of the heating element and that of the sleeve are lower than that of the coil, since these elements are much less bulky than the coil, and designed in materials able to quickly follow temperature variations.
- the magnetothermal actuator according to the invention comprises first thermal insulation means between the magnetic actuator and the thermal actuator.
- These isolation means make it possible to prevent any heat transmission to the magnetic subassembly, so as not to damage the components in the long term, and to limit the volume of the zone undergoing thermal variations within the actuator. .
- said first thermal insulation means consist of an air gap separating the magnetic actuator from the thermal actuator.
- This air gap in practice separates said sleeve from the movable core, the sleeve being partly inserted into a housing of the movable core, the sleeve and the movable core being collinear with axis (X).
- the deformable component consists of a central axis shape memory spring (X) capable of driving, when it regains its original deployed form by heating, a first collinear striker with the movable core, towards a corresponding position.
- X central axis shape memory spring
- the shape memory spring and the first striker being both positioned inside said sleeve, an orifice being provided in the wall of the second end of the sleeve to pass the first striker , said first striker and the movable core being able to drive in translation a second striker to a position corresponding to the active state of the actuator.
- the shape memory spring and the first striker are returned to the position corresponding to the inactive state of the actuator by means of second return means located inside said sleeve.
- the shape memory spring is thus found in a compressed position under the effect of the second return means.
- the magnetothermal actuator of the invention comprises second heat-insulating means between the coil and the thermal actuator which consist of a piece of cylindrical shape with axis (X) made of insulating material of the plastic type, and separating the coil from all other components of the magnetothermal actuator.
- the advantage of these second thermal insulation means is to prevent the coil from heating the other components of the actuator. Since the current of the line passes through the coil, it also heats up in case of overload. Since the coil no longer plays any role in thermal tripping, the heat it can generate must not influence the thermal tripping. Therefore, it is best to isolate it from all other components of the actuator.
- this insulating piece comprises a cylindrical jacket around which is wound the coil and inside which are positioned the fixed and movable cores, the first return means, the second striker, and the part of the sleeve of the thermal actuator surrounding the first striker and the second return means.
- This shirt thus corresponds to a conventional framework of a magnetic subassembly.
- a plug closes said jacket at its proximal end of the heating element and separates the heating assembly, namely the heating element, the collar of the sleeve, the deformable component and the portion of the sleeve surrounding the deformable component, at the of the coil and the other components of the magnetic actuator, an orifice being provided in the plug to allow the portion of the sleeve surrounding the first striker to pass.
- the trigger temperature threshold of the thermal actuator may be adjusted by adjustment means which may for example act on the length of the housing in which the second return means are located, so as to modify the prestressing they exert on the shape memory spring.
- the present invention also relates to a circuit breaker type electrical protection device comprising a magnetothermic tripping system.
- the magnetic actuator is constituted by a coil (5), a movable core (4), a fixed core (1) and first return means consisting of a spring (3).
- a striker (2) which will be called “second striker” to comply with the first part of the description, driven by the movable core (4), allows if necessary to act on a trigger of a mechanical lock .
- the operation of the magnetic actuator is traditional: during a significant rise in current, due for example to a short circuit, the magnetic field produced by the coil (5) causes the displacement of the mobile core (4) to the against the spring (3), driving the striker (2).
- Said movable core (4) moves in the direction of the fixed core (1) which also serves as a stop during its translational movement.
- a jacket (6a) around which is wound the coil (5) surrounds and guides the movable core (2) which slides therein.
- the thermal actuator is located in the extension of the magnetic actuator, and is essentially composed of a heating part (11) traversed by the current, a deformable component (10) heat-sensitive material capable of being heated by the heating element (11), second return means in the form of a second spring (8), another striker (9), which will be called “first striker” to comply with the first part of the description, and a sleeve (7) surrounding the deformable component (10), the second spring (8) and the first striker (9).
- these elements have for example a circular symmetry around an axis (X) which is also the axis of the coil (5) and / or displacement of the second striker (2).
- the deformable component consists of a shape memory spring (10), which, when cold, ie at ambient temperature, is compressed by the second return spring (8), and, when it is hot, returns to its original shape by deploying axially against the second spring (8) of return.
- the first striker (9) has an end shoulder (15) on which rest the shape memory spring (10) on one side and the spring (8) of return on the other inner face.
- the general operation is as follows: when the electrical line undergoes a slow rise in the current, for example due to an overload, the magnetic field produced by the coil (5) is not sufficient to move the mobile core (4) to the against the spring means (3).
- the heating element (11) directly heated by passage of the current, increases the temperature of the shape memory spring (10).
- the return spring (8) is provided so that beyond a certain temperature threshold, the pressure force exerted on the flange of the first striker (9) by the shape memory spring (10) is greater than the return force of the spring (8).
- said component (10) deforms, that is to say that the spring (10) relaxes and returns to its original shape, and causes the first striker (9) in the direction of arrow F which in turn drives the second striker (2) in the same direction, which actuates, in the event of an electrical apparatus with mechanical lock, a trigger forming part of said lock, causing the opening of the contacts.
- thermo actuator namely the first striker (9), the movement of which, to actuate the trigger, does not fall within more than one magnetic energy but a mechanical energy from the shape memory spring (10).
- the heating element (11) is conductive, high resistivity, and is connected in series with the coil (5). It is heated by the Joule effect, its temperature being proportional to the intensity of the current passing through it. It is made of a material of the steel, brass, or copper type depending on the gauge of the protective device in which the actuator is placed. It takes the form of a washer which extends radially within the actuator, and which has a heat transmission surface facing the shape memory spring (10).
- the central portion (14) of this heat transmission surface is contiguous to and directly heats a first end of the shape memory spring (10).
- the peripheral portion of this heat transmission surface is contiguous to and directly heats an end flange (13) of the sleeve (7) also developing radially within the actuator.
- This flange (13) constitutes a large contact surface with the heating element (11) allowing efficient transmission of the heat energy from one to the other.
- This collar (13) then diffuses heat through the cylindrical portion of the sleeve (7) which surrounds both the shape memory spring (10), the first striker (9), and the return spring (8).
- the sleeve (7) is in fact made of a material that carries heat, of the aluminum type, and forms an envelope housing the various elements of the thermal actuator so as to distribute and to concentrate the heat around the shape memory spring. (10).
- the first striker (9) moves along the axis (X) against the return spring (8) resting on a closed end (17) of the sleeve (7) opposite to the one where the collar (13) is.
- the free end (16) of the first striker (9), opposite to that comprising the shoulder (15) passes successively through the closed end (17) of the sleeve (7) via an orifice and the movable core (4) in the direction (F) until it hits the second striker (2) and causes a thermal trip.
- the second striker (2) is activated either by moving the movable core (4) for a magnetic trigger, or by moving the first striker (9) for a thermal trip.
- an air gap (12) is provided between the cylindrical portion of the sleeve (7) and the wall interior of the mobile core housing (4).
- the calories are not dissipated throughout the actuator.
- a piece (6) of insulating plastic is integrated in the actuator so as to isolate the coil (5) from the other components of the actuator.
- This piece (6) consists of said cylindrical jacket (6a), as described above, around which is wound the coil (5), and a plug (6b) closing the jacket (6a) at its end proximal of the heating element (11).
- This plug (6b) thus isolates the heating assembly (namely the heating part (11), the flange (13) of the sleeve (7), the shape memory spring (10), the part of the sleeve (7) surrounding the shape memory spring (10)) of the components of the magnetic subassembly.
- thermomagnetic actuator thus has two levels of insulation, to optimize the reactivity of the thermal subassembly, and thus reduce its general thermal inertia.
- the trigger temperature threshold of the thermal actuator can be adjusted by adjustment means which act for example over the length of the housing in which the return spring (8), delimited between the closed end (17), is located. ) of the sleeve (7) and the shoulder (15) of the first striker (9).
- this second shoulder makes it possible to compress more or less the return spring (8) so as to vary the prestressing it exerts on the shape memory spring (10) when the magnetothermal actuator is resting.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1352191A FR3003394B1 (fr) | 2013-03-12 | 2013-03-12 | Actionneur magnetothermique. |
PCT/FR2014/050526 WO2014140461A1 (fr) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-03-07 | Actionneur magnetothermique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2973635A1 EP2973635A1 (fr) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2973635B1 true EP2973635B1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=48771605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14715345.6A Active EP2973635B1 (fr) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-03-07 | Actionneur magnetothermique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2973635B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105453213B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2014229871B2 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR3003394B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014140461A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018133139A1 (de) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Danfoss A/S | Thermischer Aktuator für ein Ventil, Ventil mit einem derartigen Aktuator und Verwendung eines thermischen Aktuators mit einem Ventil |
EP3699943B1 (fr) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-05-11 | Hager-Electro Sas | Déclencheur magnétique pour appareil électrique de coupure |
DE102019114424A1 (de) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Überlastschutzanordnung |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5001446A (en) | 1988-08-01 | 1991-03-19 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Shape memory alloy and electric path protective device utilizing the alloy |
KR940002671B1 (ko) * | 1990-04-06 | 1994-03-28 | 가부시끼가이샤 히다찌세이사꾸쇼 | 과부하 보호장치 |
DE19750875C1 (de) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-03-18 | Hans Arnhold | Überstromauslöser für Schutzschalter |
DE102004056278A1 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-06-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Schaltgerät mit einem thermischen und elektromagnetischen Auslöser |
DE102004056281A1 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-06-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Schaltgerät mit einem elektromagnetischen Auslöser |
CN2891264Y (zh) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-04-18 | 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 | 一种用于断路器的分体式热磁可调脱扣器 |
FR2958447B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-02 | 2012-05-04 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Declencheur electromagnetique pour appareil electrique interrupteur, appareil electrique interrupteur comportant un tel declencheur |
FR2972076B1 (fr) * | 2011-02-25 | 2013-04-05 | Hager Electro Sas | Actionneur magnetothermique. |
-
2013
- 2013-03-12 FR FR1352191A patent/FR3003394B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-03-07 AU AU2014229871A patent/AU2014229871B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-07 WO PCT/FR2014/050526 patent/WO2014140461A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-03-07 CN CN201480026878.0A patent/CN105453213B/zh active Active
- 2014-03-07 EP EP14715345.6A patent/EP2973635B1/fr active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2014229871B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
CN105453213A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
AU2014229871A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
WO2014140461A1 (fr) | 2014-09-18 |
EP2973635A1 (fr) | 2016-01-20 |
FR3003394A1 (fr) | 2014-09-19 |
CN105453213B (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
FR3003394B1 (fr) | 2015-03-06 |
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