EP2971749B1 - Valve for controlling a fluid with increased sealing action - Google Patents

Valve for controlling a fluid with increased sealing action Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2971749B1
EP2971749B1 EP14700722.3A EP14700722A EP2971749B1 EP 2971749 B1 EP2971749 B1 EP 2971749B1 EP 14700722 A EP14700722 A EP 14700722A EP 2971749 B1 EP2971749 B1 EP 2971749B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
region
valve
valve seat
sealing
hardness
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EP14700722.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2971749A1 (en
Inventor
Fatima Mutlu
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0077—Valve seat details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1886—Details of valve seats not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0024—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid in combination with permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valve for controlling a fluid, in particular a fuel injection valve, with an increased tightness in the closed state of the valve.
  • Valves for controlling fluids are known from the prior art, for example as injectors.
  • a closing element releases or closes injection holes, which are formed in a valve seat.
  • the closing movement of the closing element is a pushing movement. This should be done with the valve closed, i.
  • the closing element rests against the valve seat, no fuel leak through leakage, as this unburned fuel can get into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
  • formation of particles e.g. be avoided by abrasion, which can lead to damage to the valve and / or other components of an internal combustion engine. Since valves are usually mass components, a solution to this problem should be such that the valve has the highest possible tightness suitable for mass production.
  • a valve for controlling a fluid, in particular fuel which includes a closing element and a valve seat, the valve seat having a sealing area and a valve seating area adjoining the sealing area, and wherein the closing element seals at the sealing area and the sealing area and the valve seat area directly and steplessly merge into one another and a hardness of the sealing region of the valve seat is smaller than a hardness of the closing element.
  • the closing element and the valve seat are made of different stainless martensitic steels.
  • a fuel injection valve for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber having a fuel passage, a needle, and a valve body is already known.
  • the needle has a seal member and a downstream-side concavity portion disposed in a fuel flow direction downstream of the seal member.
  • the valve body has a body upstream obstruction portion and a body downstream obstruction portion disposed downstream of the body upstream obstruction portion in the fuel flow direction.
  • the seal member is connected to or separated from the body upstream fitting portion to close or open the fuel passage, and the downstream needle fitting portion is connected to or separated from the body downstream fitting portion to close or open the fuel passage. In a process for closing the fuel passage, the seal member comes into contact with the body upstream fitting portion, and then the needle downstream fitting portion comes into contact with the body downstream fitting portion.
  • valve seat cooperates with a closing element which serves to close or release a fluid flow under high pressure.
  • the valve seat is coated with a shape memory alloy coating.
  • valve according to the invention for controlling a fluid with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a tightness of the valve can be significantly improved.
  • valve according to the invention is easily and inexpensively produced by mass production.
  • the valve according to the invention has a particularly simple and inexpensive and easy to manufacture construction.
  • the valve has a closing element and a valve seat, wherein the valve seat has a sealing area and a valve seat area adjoining the sealing area.
  • the closing element seals at the sealing area when the valve is in the closed state.
  • the sealing region and the valve seat region merge into one another directly and without transition, ie there is no step or step or the like between the sealing region and the valve seat region.
  • a hardness of the sealing area is smaller than a hardness of the closing element.
  • a hardness difference between the sealing area and the closing element is selected such that no plastic deformation takes place when closing the valve.
  • the valve according to the invention still has sufficient tightness, since no plastic deformation at the sealing region of the valve seat are present. In operation occurs at most an elastic deformation in the closed state of the valve, which, however, is reversed immediately after lifting the closing element from the sealing area. In other words, a plastic deformation of the sealing area is prevented by the closing element, so that the tightness properties of the valve are still sufficiently available even after prolonged operation.
  • a sealing line in particular a circular sealing line, is present in the closed state of the valve between the closing element and the sealing area.
  • the closing element is a ball and / or the valve seat is a conical surface.
  • the valve seat region has a hardness which is greater than a hardness of the sealing region. More preferably, a hardness of the valve seat portion is also less than a hardness of the closing element. By comparison with the Sealing area harder valve seat area can be ensured that the necessary strength requirements can be met easily on the valve seat.
  • the invention comprises the sealing region an annular, elastomeric sealing element, which is arranged in a groove in the valve seat.
  • a cross section of the elastomeric sealing element is quadrangular, in particular rectangular.
  • a transition-free transition between sealing area and valve seat area can be ensured.
  • a cohesive connection is formed between the sealing area and the valve seat area.
  • the valve seat is an MIM component (metal injection molded component), wherein the sealing region and the valve seat region are made of different materials.
  • a guide region for guiding the closing element is directly adjacent to the sealing region, wherein the guiding region has a hardness which is also smaller than a hardness of the closing element.
  • the hardnesses of the guide area and the sealing area are the same, and more preferably the guide area and the sealing area are made of the same materials.
  • a particularly high tightness can be achieved if a thickness of the sealing region has approximately one third of a thickness of the valve seat. The thickness of the sealing area and the valve seat is determined, starting from a sealing line between the closing element and sealing area, perpendicular to the surface.
  • a material of the sealing area and a material of the closing element and / or a material of the sealing area and a material of the valve seat area are chosen such that these materials are provided in powder form (in particular as a feedstock) after molding, for example by means of powder injection molding, a heat treatment with be subjected to the same temperature and thereby the hardness differences of sealing area and closing element and / or sealing area and valve seat area are obtained.
  • the valve according to the invention is particularly preferably a solenoid valve for controlling fuel in a fuel injection.
  • the solenoid valve according to the invention may be designed as a suction pipe injection valve or as a direct injection valve.
  • valve seat has a plurality of spray holes, which can be arranged by the present invention on a spray hole diameter, which is significantly smaller than a spray hole diameter in the prior art.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 an injection valve 1 according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail.
  • the injection valve 1 comprises a valve housing 8, a magnet armature 13, a coil 14 and an inner pole 16.
  • a closing spring 15 is provided to close the injection valve after the injection again.
  • the reference numeral 17 denotes an electrical connection.
  • a closing element 2 is provided in the form of a ball, wherein the ball is in communication with a valve needle 12, on which the armature 13 is arranged.
  • the closing element 2 seals off at a valve seat 3, which in detail in the FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown.
  • the valve seat 3 is conical in this embodiment.
  • the valve seat 3 comprises a sealing region 4 and a valve seat region 5 adjacent to the sealing region 4.
  • the sealing region 4 is annularly formed on the valve seat 3 and has a rectangular cross-section (cf. FIG. 3 ).
  • the valve seat 5 is provided on both sides of the sealing portion 4.
  • a plurality of injection holes 6 are formed on the valve seat, via which fuel can be injected into a combustion chamber or the like.
  • the injection holes 6 are formed step-shaped.
  • a guide portion 7 is provided, on which the closing element 2 is guided. As a result, a fast and safe closing of the valve is achieved.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 each show the closed state of the valve. Therefore it forms, as if FIG. 3 it can be seen, between the closing element 2 and the sealing region 4 of the valve seat 3, a line-shaped sealing line 9 from.
  • a hardness of the closing element 2 is selected such that the closing element 2 has a greater hardness than the sealing region 4.
  • the valve seat region 5, which directly adjoins the sealing region 4 has a greater hardness than the sealing region 4.
  • the hardness of the valve seat portion 5 is smaller than the hardness of the closing element 2.
  • the hardness of the closing element 2, the sealing portion 4 and the valve seat portion 5 can be determined by known methods (eg according to Vickers).
  • the valve seat 3 of the first exemplary embodiment is produced by means of MIM technology, wherein different materials are used for the sealing region 4 and the valve seat region 5, respectively. This results in a cohesive connection 10, between the sealing region 4 and the valve seat region 5, which in FIG. 3 is indicated by the dashed line.
  • a thickness D1 of the sealing region 4 perpendicular to the surface of the valve seat is approximately one third of a total thickness D2 of the valve seat 3. Furthermore, there is no step between the sealing region 4 and the valve seat region 5, so that the sealing region and the valve seat region directly and continuously merge.
  • the choice according to the invention of the different hardnesses between closing element 2 and sealing area 4 ensures that an improved tightness of the valve in the closed state is possible.
  • shock pulses which occur due to a closing operation of the valve, are absorbed and also a noise level is reduced.
  • a slight, elastic deformation on the sealing area 4 occur, which is, however, reversed after lifting the closing element 2.
  • a reduced wear can be obtained, so that a defined, optimized surface finish on the sealing region 4 can be retained longer.
  • valve seat 3 can be ensured by the use of the MIM method.
  • the invention also reduces a component load, so that the injection holes 6 can be arranged closer to each other and in particular a seat diameter of the injection holes 6 smaller can be chosen. This results in the further advantage that thereby lower magnetic forces are required for opening, so that the magnetic circuit can be designed more cost-effective, and in particular a power requirement of the magnetic circuit is reduced to open.
  • FIG. 4 shows a valve 1 according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the sealing portion of the valve is formed by an elastomeric sealing member 20.
  • the sealing element 20 has a rectangular cross-section and is arranged in a groove 21 in the valve seat 3.
  • the sealing area is arranged in a form-fitting manner in the valve seat 3.
  • a paragraph-free transition between sealing area 4 and valve seat area 5 is present on the side facing the closing element 2 side.
  • FIG. 5 shows a valve 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a guide region 27 directly adjoins the sealing region 4.
  • the guide region 27 also has a different hardness than a hardness of the closing element 2.
  • a hardness of the guide region 27 and the sealing region 4 are particularly preferred.
  • the sealing area 4 and the guide area 27 can also be produced in one step together with the valve seat 3 by means of an MIM method.
  • a different metal powder is used for the guide region 27, so that in the finished component then the sealing region 4 and the guide portion 27 have different hardnesses.
  • a thickness of the sealing portion 4 and the guide portion 27 is preferably the same.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Ventil zum Steuern eines Fluids, insbesondere ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil, mit einer erhöhten Dichtheit im geschlossenen Zustand des Ventils.The present invention relates to a valve for controlling a fluid, in particular a fuel injection valve, with an increased tightness in the closed state of the valve.

Ventile zum Steuern von Fluiden sind aus dem Stand der Technik beispielsweise als Einspritzventile bekannt. Ein Schließelement gibt hierbei Spritzlöcher, welche in einem Ventilsitz gebildet sind, frei bzw. verschließt diese. Die Schließbewegung des Schließelements ist hierbei eine Stoßbewegung. Hierbei sollte bei geschlossenem Ventil, d.h. wenn das Schließelement am Ventilsitz aufliegt, kein Kraftstoff durch Leckage austreten, da hierdurch unverbrannter Kraftstoff in das Abgassystem einer Brennkraftmaschine gelangen kann. Ferner sollte während des Betriebs des Ventils eine Bildung von Partikeln, z.B. durch Abrieb, vermieden werden, welche zu Schäden am Ventil und/oder anderen Bauteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine führen können. Da es sich bei Ventilen üblicherweise um Massenbauteile handelt, sollte eine Lösung dieses Problemkreises derart erfolgen, dass das Ventil eine möglichst hohe Dichtheit bei Eignung zur Massenfertigung aufweist.Valves for controlling fluids are known from the prior art, for example as injectors. In this case, a closing element releases or closes injection holes, which are formed in a valve seat. The closing movement of the closing element here is a pushing movement. This should be done with the valve closed, i. When the closing element rests against the valve seat, no fuel leak through leakage, as this unburned fuel can get into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, during operation of the valve, formation of particles, e.g. be avoided by abrasion, which can lead to damage to the valve and / or other components of an internal combustion engine. Since valves are usually mass components, a solution to this problem should be such that the valve has the highest possible tightness suitable for mass production.

Aus der US 2010/0001215 A1 ist bereits ein Ventil zum Steuern eines Fluids, insbesondere von Kraftstoff, bekannt, das u.a. ein Schließelement und einen Ventilsitz umfasst, wobei der Ventilsitz einen Dichtbereich und einen an den Dichtbereich angrenzenden Ventilsitzbereich aufweist und wobei das Schließelement am Dichtbereich abdichtet und der Dichtbereich und der Ventilsitzbereich unmittelbar und stufenlos ineinander übergehen und eine Härte des Dichtbereichs des Ventilsitzes kleiner ist als eine Härte des Schließelements. Das Schließelement und der Ventilsitz werden dazu aus unterschiedlichen rostfreien martensitischen Stählen hergestellt.From the US 2010/0001215 A1 A valve for controlling a fluid, in particular fuel, is already known, which includes a closing element and a valve seat, the valve seat having a sealing area and a valve seating area adjoining the sealing area, and wherein the closing element seals at the sealing area and the sealing area and the valve seat area directly and steplessly merge into one another and a hardness of the sealing region of the valve seat is smaller than a hardness of the closing element. The closing element and the valve seat are made of different stainless martensitic steels.

Aus der DE 10 2012 205 564 A1 ist bereits ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil zum Einspritzen von gasförmigem Kraftstoff in eine Brennkammer bekannt, das einen Kraftstoffdurchlass, eine Nadel und einen Ventilkörper hat. Die Nadel hat ein Dichtungselement und einen nadelstromabwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt, der in einer Kraftstoffströmungsrichtung stromabwärts des Dichtungselements angeordnet ist. Der Ventilkörper hat einen körperstromaufwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt und einen körperstromabwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt, der in der Kraftstoffströmungsrichtung stromabwärts des körperstromaufwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitts angeordnet ist. Das Dichtungselement wird mit dem körperstromaufwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt verbunden oder davon getrennt, um den Kraftstoffdurchlass zu schließen oder zu öffnen, und der nadelstromabwärtige Verbauungsabschnitt wird mit dem körperstromabwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt verbunden oder davon getrennt, um den Kraftstoffdurchlass zu schließen oder zu öffnen. In einem Vorgang zum Schließen des Kraftstoffdurchlasses kommt das Dichtungselement mit dem körperstromaufwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt in Kontakt, und dann kommt der nadelstromabwärtige Verbauungsabschnitt mit dem körperstromabwärtigen Verbauungsabschnitt in Kontakt.From the DE 10 2012 205 564 A1 For example, a fuel injection valve for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber having a fuel passage, a needle, and a valve body is already known. The needle has a seal member and a downstream-side concavity portion disposed in a fuel flow direction downstream of the seal member. The valve body has a body upstream obstruction portion and a body downstream obstruction portion disposed downstream of the body upstream obstruction portion in the fuel flow direction. The seal member is connected to or separated from the body upstream fitting portion to close or open the fuel passage, and the downstream needle fitting portion is connected to or separated from the body downstream fitting portion to close or open the fuel passage. In a process for closing the fuel passage, the seal member comes into contact with the body upstream fitting portion, and then the needle downstream fitting portion comes into contact with the body downstream fitting portion.

Aus der EP 2 025 924 A2 ist bereits ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ventilsitzes bekannt. Mit dem Ventilsitz wirkt ein Schließelement zusammen, das zum Verschließen oder Freigeben eines Fluidstroms unter hohem Druck dient. Der Ventilsitz ist mit einer Beschichtung aus einer Formgedächtnislegierung beschichtet.From the EP 2 025 924 A2 For example, a method for producing a valve seat is already known. The valve seat cooperates with a closing element which serves to close or release a fluid flow under high pressure. The valve seat is coated with a shape memory alloy coating.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil zum Steuern eines Fluids mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 weist den Vorteil auf, dass eine Dichtheit des Ventils signifikant verbessert werden kann. Gleichzeitig ist das erfindungsgemäße Ventil problemlos und kostengünstig durch eine Massenfertigung herstellbar. Dabei weist das erfindungsgemäße Ventil einen besonders einfachen und kostengünstigen und leicht herstellbaren Aufbau auf. Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Ventil dabei ein Schließelement und einen Ventilsitz, wobei der Ventilsitz einen Dichtbereich und einen an den Dichtbereich angrenzenden Ventilsitzbereich aufweist. Das Schließelement dichtet dabei am Dichtbereich ab, wenn sich das Ventil im geschlossenen Zustand befindet. Ferner gehen der Dichtbereich und der Ventilsitzbereich unmittelbar und übergangsfrei ineinander über, d.h. es ist keine Stufe oder ein Absatz oder dergleichen zwischen dem Dichtbereich und dem Ventilsitzbereich vorhanden. Ferner ist eine Härte des Dichtbereichs kleiner als eine Härte des Schließelements. Durch diese Maßnahme wird insbesondere erreicht, dass im Schließzustand höchstens eine minimale elastische Verformung des Dichtbereichs durch das härtere Schließelement erreicht wird, so dass eine verbesserte Dichtheit möglich ist. Durch die unterschiedlichen Härten von Schließelement und Dichtbereich kann somit eine verbesserte Dichtheit erreicht werden.The valve according to the invention for controlling a fluid with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a tightness of the valve can be significantly improved. At the same time valve according to the invention is easily and inexpensively produced by mass production. In this case, the valve according to the invention has a particularly simple and inexpensive and easy to manufacture construction. According to the invention the valve has a closing element and a valve seat, wherein the valve seat has a sealing area and a valve seat area adjoining the sealing area. The closing element seals at the sealing area when the valve is in the closed state. Furthermore, the sealing region and the valve seat region merge into one another directly and without transition, ie there is no step or step or the like between the sealing region and the valve seat region. Furthermore, a hardness of the sealing area is smaller than a hardness of the closing element. By this measure is achieved in particular that in the closed state at most a minimal elastic deformation of the sealing area is achieved by the harder closing element, so that an improved tightness is possible. As a result of the different hardnesses of the closing element and sealing area, improved tightness can thus be achieved.

Die Unteransprüche zeigen bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.

Vorzugsweise ist ein Härteunterschied zwischen dem Dichtbereich und dem Schließelement derart gewählt, dass beim Schließen des Ventils keine plastische Verformung erfolgt. Somit kann sichergestellt werden, dass nach längerem Betrieb das erfindungsgemäße Ventil immer noch eine ausreichende Dichtheit aufweist, da keinerlei plastische Verformungen am Dichtbereich des Ventilsitzes vorhanden sind. Im Betrieb tritt höchstens eine elastische Verformung in geschlossenem Zustand des Ventils auf, welche jedoch nach Abheben des Schließelements vom Dichtbereich sofort wieder rückgängig gemacht wird. Mit anderen Worten wird eine plastische Deformation des Dichtbereichs durch das Schließelement verhindert, so dass die Dichtheitseigenschaften des Ventils auch nach längerem Betrieb immer noch ausreichend vorhanden sind.Preferably, a hardness difference between the sealing area and the closing element is selected such that no plastic deformation takes place when closing the valve. Thus, it can be ensured that after prolonged operation, the valve according to the invention still has sufficient tightness, since no plastic deformation at the sealing region of the valve seat are present. In operation occurs at most an elastic deformation in the closed state of the valve, which, however, is reversed immediately after lifting the closing element from the sealing area. In other words, a plastic deformation of the sealing area is prevented by the closing element, so that the tightness properties of the valve are still sufficiently available even after prolonged operation.

Besonders bevorzugt ist im geschlossenen Zustand des Ventils zwischen dem Schließelement und dem Dichtbereich eine Dichtlinie, insbesondere eine kreisförmige Dichtlinie, vorhanden. Weiter bevorzugt ist das Schließelement eine Kugel und/oder der Ventilsitz eine Kegelfläche.Particularly preferably, a sealing line, in particular a circular sealing line, is present in the closed state of the valve between the closing element and the sealing area. More preferably, the closing element is a ball and / or the valve seat is a conical surface.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung weist der Ventilsitzbereich eine Härte auf, welche größer ist als eine Härte des Dichtbereichs. Weiter bevorzugt ist eine Härte des Ventilsitzbereichs auch kleiner als eine Härte des Schließelements. Durch den im Vergleich mit dem Dichtbereich härteren Ventilsitzbereich kann dabei sichergestellt werden, dass die notwendigen Festigkeitsanforderungen an dem Ventilsitz problemlos eingehalten werden können.According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the valve seat region has a hardness which is greater than a hardness of the sealing region. More preferably, a hardness of the valve seat portion is also less than a hardness of the closing element. By comparison with the Sealing area harder valve seat area can be ensured that the necessary strength requirements can be met easily on the valve seat.

Die Erfindung umfasst der Dichtbereich ein ringförmiges, elastomeres Dichtelement, welches in einer Nut im Ventilsitz angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist ein Querschnitt des elastomeren Dichtelements dabei viereckig, insbesondere rechteckig. Hierdurch kann insbesondere ein übergangsfreies Ineinanderübergehen zwischen Dichtbereich und Ventilsitzbereich sichergestellt werden.
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist zwischen dem Dichtbereich und dem Ventilsitzbereich eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung ausgebildet. Hierdurch kann insbesondere ein einteiliger Ventilsitz bereitgestellt werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Ventilsitz dabei ein MIM-Bauteil (Metallpulverspritzguss-Bauteil), wobei der Dichtbereich und der Ventilsitzbereich aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen hergestellt sind.The invention comprises the sealing region an annular, elastomeric sealing element, which is arranged in a groove in the valve seat. Preferably, a cross section of the elastomeric sealing element is quadrangular, in particular rectangular. In this way, in particular, a transition-free transition between sealing area and valve seat area can be ensured.
According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a cohesive connection is formed between the sealing area and the valve seat area. In this way, in particular, a one-piece valve seat can be provided. Particularly preferably, the valve seat is an MIM component (metal injection molded component), wherein the sealing region and the valve seat region are made of different materials.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Führungsbereich zum Führen des Schließelements unmittelbar am Dichtbereich angrenzend, wobei der Führungsbereich eine Härte aufweist, welche ebenfalls kleiner als eine Härte des Schließelements ist. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Härten des Führungsbereichs und des Dichtbereichs gleich und weiter bevorzugt sind der Führungsbereich und der Dichtbereich aus den gleichen Materialien hergestellt.
Eine besonders hohe Dichtheit kann erreicht werden, wenn eine Dicke des Dichtbereichs ca. ein Drittel einer Dicke des Ventilsitzes aufweist. Die Dicke des Dichtbereichs und des Ventilsitzes wird dabei, ausgehend von einer Dichtlinie zwischen Schließelement und Dichtbereich, senkrecht zur Oberfläche ermittelt. Weiter bevorzugt ist ein Material des Dichtbereichs und ein Material des Schließelements und/oder ein Material des Dichtbereichs und ein Material des Ventilsitzbereichs derart gewählt, dass diese Materialien in Pulverform bereitgestellt werden (insbesondere als Feedstock) nach der Formgebung, z.B. mittels Pulverspritzgießen, einer Wärmebehandlung mit gleicher Temperatur unterzogen werden und dadurch die Härteunterschiede von Dichtbereich und Schließelement und/oder Dichtbereich und Ventilsitzbereich erhalten werden.According to the invention, a guide region for guiding the closing element is directly adjacent to the sealing region, wherein the guiding region has a hardness which is also smaller than a hardness of the closing element. Particularly preferably, the hardnesses of the guide area and the sealing area are the same, and more preferably the guide area and the sealing area are made of the same materials.
A particularly high tightness can be achieved if a thickness of the sealing region has approximately one third of a thickness of the valve seat. The thickness of the sealing area and the valve seat is determined, starting from a sealing line between the closing element and sealing area, perpendicular to the surface. More preferably, a material of the sealing area and a material of the closing element and / or a material of the sealing area and a material of the valve seat area are chosen such that these materials are provided in powder form (in particular as a feedstock) after molding, for example by means of powder injection molding, a heat treatment with be subjected to the same temperature and thereby the hardness differences of sealing area and closing element and / or sealing area and valve seat area are obtained.

Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil ist besonders bevorzugt ein Magnetventil zum Steuern von Kraftstoff bei einer Kraftstoffeinspritzung. Hierbei kann das erfindungsgemäße Magnetventil als Saugrohr-Einspritzventil oder als Direkteinspritzventil ausgebildet sein.The valve according to the invention is particularly preferably a solenoid valve for controlling fuel in a fuel injection. In this case, the solenoid valve according to the invention may be designed as a suction pipe injection valve or as a direct injection valve.

Weiter bevorzugt weist der Ventilsitz eine Vielzahl von Spritzlöchern auf, welche durch die vorliegende Erfindung auf einem Spritzloch-Durchmesser angeordnet werden können, welcher signifikant kleiner ist als ein Spritzlochdurchmesser im Stand der Technik.More preferably, the valve seat has a plurality of spray holes, which can be arranged by the present invention on a spray hole diameter, which is significantly smaller than a spray hole diameter in the prior art.

Zeichnungdrawing

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitende Zeichnung im Detail beschrieben. In den Ausführungsbeispielen sind gleiche bzw. funktional gleiche Bauteile mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet. In der Zeichnung ist:

Figur 1
eine schematische Ansicht eines Einspritzventils gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Ventilsitzes des Einspritzventils von Figur 1,
Figur 3
eine vergrößerte, schematische Teilansicht des Ventilsitzes von Figur 2,
Figur 4
eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Ventilsitzes gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung und
Figur 5
eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Ventilsitzes gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiments, identical or functionally identical components are designated by the same reference numerals. In the drawing is:
FIG. 1
a schematic view of an injection valve according to a first embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2
a schematic sectional view of a valve seat of the injection valve of FIG. 1 .
FIG. 3
an enlarged, schematic partial view of the valve seat of FIG. 2 .
FIG. 4
a schematic sectional view of a valve seat according to a second embodiment of the invention and
FIG. 5
a schematic sectional view of a valve seat according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der ErfindungPreferred embodiments of the invention

Nachfolgend wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 bis 3 ein Einspritzventil 1 gemäß einem ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung im Detail beschrieben.The following is with reference to the FIGS. 1 to 3 an injection valve 1 according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail.

Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, umfasst das Einspritzventil 1 ein Ventilgehäuse 8, einen Magnetanker 13, eine Spule 14 und einen Innenpol 16. Eine Schließfeder 15 ist vorgesehen, um das Einspritzventil nach erfolgter Einspritzung wieder zu schließen. Das Bezugszeichen 17 bezeichnet einen elektrischen Anschluss.How out FIG. 1 it can be seen, the injection valve 1 comprises a valve housing 8, a magnet armature 13, a coil 14 and an inner pole 16. A closing spring 15 is provided to close the injection valve after the injection again. The reference numeral 17 denotes an electrical connection.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein Schließelement 2 in Form einer Kugel vorgesehen, wobei die Kugel mit einer Ventilnadel 12 in Verbindung ist, an welcher der Magnetanker 13 angeordnet ist.In this embodiment, a closing element 2 is provided in the form of a ball, wherein the ball is in communication with a valve needle 12, on which the armature 13 is arranged.

Das Schließelement 2 dichtet dabei an einem Ventilsitz 3 ab, was im Detail in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigt ist. Der Ventilsitz 3 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel kegelförmig ausgebildet.The closing element 2 seals off at a valve seat 3, which in detail in the FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown. The valve seat 3 is conical in this embodiment.

Wie insbesondere aus Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, umfasst der Ventilsitz 3 einen Dichtbereich 4 und einen an den Dichtbereich 4 angrenzenden Ventilsitzbereich 5. Der Dichtbereich 4 ist ringförmig am Ventilsitz 3 ausgebildet und weist einen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf (vergleiche Figur 3). Der Ventilsitz 5 ist zu beiden Seiten des Dichtbereichs 4 vorgesehen.As in particular from FIG. 3 it can be seen, the valve seat 3 comprises a sealing region 4 and a valve seat region 5 adjacent to the sealing region 4. The sealing region 4 is annularly formed on the valve seat 3 and has a rectangular cross-section (cf. FIG. 3 ). The valve seat 5 is provided on both sides of the sealing portion 4.

Ferner sind am Ventilsitz mehrere Spritzlöcher 6 ausgebildet, über welche Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum oder dergleichen eingespritzt werden kann. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Spritzlöcher 6 stufenförmig ausgebildet.Further, a plurality of injection holes 6 are formed on the valve seat, via which fuel can be injected into a combustion chamber or the like. In this embodiment, the injection holes 6 are formed step-shaped.

Wie weiter aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist, ist ein Führungsbereich 7 vorgesehen, an welchem das Schließelement 2 geführt wird. Hierdurch wird ein schnelles und sicheres Schließen des Ventils erreicht.How farther FIG. 2 it can be seen, a guide portion 7 is provided, on which the closing element 2 is guided. As a result, a fast and safe closing of the valve is achieved.

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen jeweils den geschlossenen Zustand des Ventils. Daher bildet sich, wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, zwischen dem Schließelement 2 und dem Dichtbereich 4 des Ventilsitzes 3 eine linienförmige Dichtlinie 9 aus.The FIGS. 1 to 3 each show the closed state of the valve. Therefore it forms, as if FIG. 3 it can be seen, between the closing element 2 and the sealing region 4 of the valve seat 3, a line-shaped sealing line 9 from.

Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Härte des Schließelements 2 derart gewählt, dass das Schließelement 2 eine größere Härte als der Dichtbereich 4 aufweist. Ferner weist der Ventilsitzbereich 5, welcher unmittelbar an den Dichtbereich 4 angrenzt, eine größere Härte als der Dichtbereich 4 aus. Dabei ist die Härte des Ventilsitzbereichs 5 kleiner als die Härte des Schließelements 2. Die Härte des Schließelements 2, des Dichtbereichs 4 und des Ventilsitzbereichs 5 kann dabei mittels bekannter Verfahren (z.B. nach Vickers) bestimmt werden.According to the invention, a hardness of the closing element 2 is selected such that the closing element 2 has a greater hardness than the sealing region 4. Further For example, the valve seat region 5, which directly adjoins the sealing region 4, has a greater hardness than the sealing region 4. The hardness of the valve seat portion 5 is smaller than the hardness of the closing element 2. The hardness of the closing element 2, the sealing portion 4 and the valve seat portion 5 can be determined by known methods (eg according to Vickers).

Der Ventilsitz 3 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels ist dabei mittels MIM-Technik hergestellt, wobei für den Dichtbereich 4 und den Ventilsitzbereich 5 jeweils unterschiedliche Materialien verwendet werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung 10, zwischen dem Dichtbereich 4 und dem Ventilsitzbereich 5, welche in Figur 3 durch die gestrichelte Linie angedeutet ist.The valve seat 3 of the first exemplary embodiment is produced by means of MIM technology, wherein different materials are used for the sealing region 4 and the valve seat region 5, respectively. This results in a cohesive connection 10, between the sealing region 4 and the valve seat region 5, which in FIG. 3 is indicated by the dashed line.

Wie weiter aus Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, ist eine Dicke D1 des Dichtbereichs 4 senkrecht zur Oberfläche des Ventilsitzes dabei ungefähr ein Drittel einer Gesamtdicke D2 des Ventilsitzes 3. Weiterhin ist keine Stufe zwischen dem Dichtbereich 4 und dem Ventilsitzbereich 5 vorhanden, so dass der Dichtbereich und der Ventilsitzbereich unmittelbar und stufenlos ineinander übergehen.How farther FIG. 3 a thickness D1 of the sealing region 4 perpendicular to the surface of the valve seat is approximately one third of a total thickness D2 of the valve seat 3. Furthermore, there is no step between the sealing region 4 and the valve seat region 5, so that the sealing region and the valve seat region directly and continuously merge.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Wahl der unterschiedlichen Härten zwischen Schließelement 2 und Dichtbereich 4 wird erreicht, dass eine verbesserte Dichtheit des Ventils im geschlossenen Zustand möglich ist. Hierbei werden insbesondere Stoßimpulse, welche durch einen Schließvorgang des Ventils auftreten, absorbiert und auch ein Geräuschpegel reduziert. Dabei kommt es zwischen dem Schließelement 2 und dem Dichtbereich 4 nicht zu einer plastischen Verformung, so dass die Dichtheit an der Dichtlinie 9 über eine lange Betriebsdauer des Ventils aufrechterhalten werden kann. Gegebenenfalls kann eine leichte, elastische Verformung am Dichtbereich 4 auftreten, welche nach Abheben des Schließelements 2 jedoch wieder rückgängig gemacht wird. Auch kann erfindungsgemäß ein reduzierter Verschleiß erhalten werden, so dass eine definierte, optimierte Oberflächenbeschaffenheit am Dichtbereich 4 länger erhalten bleiben kann.The choice according to the invention of the different hardnesses between closing element 2 and sealing area 4 ensures that an improved tightness of the valve in the closed state is possible. In this case, in particular shock pulses, which occur due to a closing operation of the valve, are absorbed and also a noise level is reduced. In this case, there is no plastic deformation between the closing element 2 and the sealing area 4, so that the tightness at the sealing line 9 can be maintained over a long service life of the valve. Optionally, a slight, elastic deformation on the sealing area 4 occur, which is, however, reversed after lifting the closing element 2. Also, according to the invention a reduced wear can be obtained, so that a defined, optimized surface finish on the sealing region 4 can be retained longer.

Weiterhin kann durch die Verwendung des MIM-Verfahrens eine besonders kostengünstige Herstellbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Ventilsitzes 3 sichergestellt werden. Weiter wird erfindungsgemäß auch eine Bauteilbelastung reduziert, so dass die Spritzlöcher 6 enger aneinander angeordnet werden können und insbesondere auch ein Sitzdurchmesser der Spritzlöcher 6 kleiner gewählt werden kann. Hierdurch ergibt sich der weitere Vorteil, dass dadurch zum Öffnen geringere Magnetkräfte erforderlich sind, so dass der Magnetkreis kostengünstiger ausgelegt werden kann, und insbesondere auch ein Strombedarf des Magnetkreises zum Öffnen reduziert wird.Furthermore, a particularly cost-effective manufacturability of the valve seat 3 according to the invention can be ensured by the use of the MIM method. Further, the invention also reduces a component load, so that the injection holes 6 can be arranged closer to each other and in particular a seat diameter of the injection holes 6 smaller can be chosen. This results in the further advantage that thereby lower magnetic forces are required for opening, so that the magnetic circuit can be designed more cost-effective, and in particular a power requirement of the magnetic circuit is reduced to open.

Somit kann erfindungsgemäß auf überraschende Weise durch Wahl verschiedener Härten von Teilbereichen am Ventilsitz 3 eine verbesserte Dichtheit des Ventils im geschlossenen Zustand erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus kann noch eine gewisse Dämpfung während des Schließvorgangs und ein verminderter Verschließ erhalten werden.Thus, according to the invention in a surprising manner by choosing different hardnesses of portions of the valve seat 3, an improved tightness of the valve can be achieved in the closed state. In addition, some damping during the closing process and a reduced closure can be obtained.

Figur 4 zeigt ein Ventil 1 gemäß einem zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Beim Ventil 1 des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels ist der Dichtbereich des Ventils durch ein elastomeres Dichtelement 20 gebildet. Wie aus Figur 4 ersichtlich ist, weist das Dichtelement 20 einen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf und ist in einer Nut 21 im Ventilsitz 3 angeordnet. Somit ist der Dichtbereich formschlüssig im Ventilsitz 3 angeordnet. Dabei ist an der zum Schließelement 2 gerichteten Seite ein absatzfreier Übergang zwischen Dichtbereich 4 und Ventilsitzbereich 5 vorhanden. FIG. 4 shows a valve 1 according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention. In the valve 1 of the second embodiment, the sealing portion of the valve is formed by an elastomeric sealing member 20. How out FIG. 4 it can be seen, the sealing element 20 has a rectangular cross-section and is arranged in a groove 21 in the valve seat 3. Thus, the sealing area is arranged in a form-fitting manner in the valve seat 3. In this case, a paragraph-free transition between sealing area 4 and valve seat area 5 is present on the side facing the closing element 2 side.

Figur 5 zeigt ein Ventil 1 gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich vom ersten Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch, dass ein Führungsbereich 27 unmittelbar an den Dichtbereich 4 anschließt. Der Führungsbereich 27 weist ebenfalls eine unterschiedliche Härte als eine Härte des Schließelements 2 auf. Besonders bevorzugt sind eine Härte des Führungsbereichs 27 und des Dichtbereichs 4 gleich. Der Dichtbereich 4 und der Führungsbereich 27 können ebenfalls mittels eines MIM-Verfahrens gemeinsam mit dem Ventilsitz 3 in einem Schritt hergestellt werden. Hierbei ist es auch möglich, dass für den Führungsbereich 27 ein unterschiedliches Metallpulver verwendet wird, so dass im fertigen Bauteil dann der Dichtbereich 4 und der Führungsbereich 27 unterschiedliche Härten aufweisen. Eine Dicke des Dichtbereichs 4 und des Führungsbereichs 27 ist vorzugsweise gleich. FIG. 5 shows a valve 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a guide region 27 directly adjoins the sealing region 4. The guide region 27 also has a different hardness than a hardness of the closing element 2. A hardness of the guide region 27 and the sealing region 4 are particularly preferred. The sealing area 4 and the guide area 27 can also be produced in one step together with the valve seat 3 by means of an MIM method. Here, it is also possible that a different metal powder is used for the guide region 27, so that in the finished component then the sealing region 4 and the guide portion 27 have different hardnesses. A thickness of the sealing portion 4 and the guide portion 27 is preferably the same.

Claims (7)

  1. Valve for controlling a fluid, in particular fuel, comprising
    - a closing element (2), and
    - a valve seat (3),
    - the valve seat (3) having a sealing region (4) and a valve seat region (5) which adjoins the sealing region (4),
    - the closing element (2) sealing on the sealing region (4),
    - a hardness of the sealing region (4) being lower than a hardness of the closing element (2), and
    the sealing region (4) being an annular, elastomeric sealing element (20) which is arranged in a groove (21) in the valve seat (3), characterized in that the sealing region (4) and the valve seat region (5) merge into one another directly and in a stepless manner, and a guide region (27) for guiding the closing element (2) during its axial movement is provided, the guide region (27) having a hardness which is lower than a hardness of the closing element (2), and the guide region (27) having, in particular, a hardness which is higher than a hardness of the sealing region (4).
  2. Valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that a hardness difference between the sealing region (4) and the closing element (2) is selected in such a way that the closure of the valve takes place without plastic deformation on the sealing region (4).
  3. Valve according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sealing line (9) is configured between the sealing region (4) and the closing element (2) in the closed state of the valve.
  4. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve seat region (5) has a hardness which is higher than a hardness of the sealing region (4) and/or which is lower than a hardness of the closing element (2).
  5. Valve for controlling a fluid, in particular fuel, comprising
    - a closing element (2), and
    - a valve seat (3),
    - the valve seat (3) having a sealing region (4) and a valve seat region (5) which adjoins the sealing region (4),
    - the closing element (2) sealing on the sealing region (4),
    - a hardness of the sealing region (4) being lower than a hardness of the closing element (2), and
    an integrally joined connection (10) being configured between the sealing region (4) and the valve seat region (5), and the valve seat (3) being a MIM component, and the sealing region (4) and the valve seat region (5) being manufactured from different MIM materials,
    characterized in that the sealing region (4) and the valve seat region (5) merge into one another directly and in a stepless manner, and a guide region (27) for guiding the closing element (2) during its axial movement is provided, the guide region (27) having a hardness which is lower than a hardness of the closing element (2), and the guide region (27) having, in particular, a hardness which is higher than a hardness of the sealing region (4).
  6. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thickness (D1) of the sealing region (4) is approximately one third of a thickness (D2) of the valve seat (3) on the sealing region (4).
  7. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve is configured as a solenoid valve.
EP14700722.3A 2013-03-11 2014-01-17 Valve for controlling a fluid with increased sealing action Active EP2971749B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013204152.7A DE102013204152A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Valve for controlling a fluid with increased tightness
PCT/EP2014/050886 WO2014139706A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-01-17 Valve for controlling a fluid with increased sealing action

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EP2971749A1 EP2971749A1 (en) 2016-01-20
EP2971749B1 true EP2971749B1 (en) 2019-03-13

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EP (1) EP2971749B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6297608B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20150130292A (en)
CN (1) CN105008710B (en)
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WO (1) WO2014139706A1 (en)

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JP2021014791A (en) * 2017-11-16 2021-02-12 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 High-pressure fuel pump
JP7193804B2 (en) * 2019-06-05 2022-12-21 株式会社サタケ Piezoelectric Actuator, Piezoelectric Valve, and Piezoelectric Actuator Manufacturing Method
JP7300117B2 (en) * 2019-06-28 2023-06-29 株式会社サタケ Piezoelectric valve and manufacturing method of the piezoelectric valve
DE102020208228A1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2021-01-21 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung High pressure fuel pump

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EP2971749A1 (en) 2016-01-20
JP6297608B2 (en) 2018-03-20
WO2014139706A1 (en) 2014-09-18
DE102013204152A1 (en) 2014-09-11
CN105008710A (en) 2015-10-28
US20160017855A1 (en) 2016-01-21
CN105008710B (en) 2018-11-30
US10125735B2 (en) 2018-11-13
KR20150130292A (en) 2015-11-23
JP2016509162A (en) 2016-03-24

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