EP2964412A2 - Method and facility for transforming a liquid-state metal into a solid-state metal - Google Patents

Method and facility for transforming a liquid-state metal into a solid-state metal

Info

Publication number
EP2964412A2
EP2964412A2 EP14707426.4A EP14707426A EP2964412A2 EP 2964412 A2 EP2964412 A2 EP 2964412A2 EP 14707426 A EP14707426 A EP 14707426A EP 2964412 A2 EP2964412 A2 EP 2964412A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
downstream
upstream
receiving surface
vibrating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14707426.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2964412B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Roche
Arthur TRAUB
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fai Production SAS
Original Assignee
Fai Production SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fai Production SAS filed Critical Fai Production SAS
Publication of EP2964412A2 publication Critical patent/EP2964412A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2964412B1 publication Critical patent/EP2964412B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D5/00—Machines or plants for pig or like casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/045—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling
    • B22F2009/047—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling by rolling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the metallurgical industry.
  • a conditioning phase consisting in obtaining, from the metal in the liquid state, solid state metal fragments must be carried out. , having specific dimensions.
  • Such a demand for products in the form of fragments concerns in particular ferroalloys and silicon-metal.
  • a cooling and fragmentation process is being carried out which consists in producing a bowl of sand, casting the metal in the liquid state in this bowl to form a block and destroying and crushing or crushing the block so as to obtain metal fragments in the solid state.
  • Such a method requires to achieve for each casting a bowl of sand and to have a very expensive installation of destruction and crushing blocks. This process is particularly time-consuming and therefore expensive and generates a large production of unwanted metal fines or dusts of up to 15% of the production.
  • US Pat. No. 3,707,182 discloses a rotary table on which a liquid material is poured. The table is uniformly cooled, so that the material becomes homogeneous and breaks down.
  • This process comprises:
  • the metal is preferably laminated when it reaches said fragmentation roll.
  • the method may include: circulating an emulsion of a liquid and a gas in transverse channels of an upstream cooling zone and circulating a liquid in transverse channels of a downstream cooling zone, these cooling zones succeeding one another in the longitudinal direction of said reception tables.
  • Said second table can constitute said downstream table.
  • the method can include: passing the metal onto the receiving surface of at least one cooled intermediate table located between said second table and said downstream table, causing the metal to fall from one table to another,
  • the fragmentation roller may be subjected, on a first race, to first springs and, on a second race pro along the first race, to second springs adding to the first springs.
  • An installation may include:
  • a first vibrating table comprising a first metal receiving surface having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end, means for cooling the first table, means for vibrating the first table so that the metal moves from the upstream to downstream,
  • a second vibrating table comprising a second metal receiving surface having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end, the upstream part of the receiving surface of the second table being situated below and at a distance from the downstream end; of the first receiving surface of the first table, so that the metal drops from the first table to the second table, means for cooling the second table, means for vibrating the second table so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
  • a vibrating downstream table comprising a metal receiving surface having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end and means for vibrating the downstream table so that the metal moves from the upstream to the downstream, at least one rotating fragmentation roller p laced above this downstream table and transversely to the displacement of the metal on this table.
  • Said second table can constitute said downstream table.
  • the installation may comprise at least one intermediate table located between said second table and said downstream table, means for vibrating this intermediate table and means for cooling this intermediate table.
  • the tables may include receiving plates which are selected from copper except for at least the portion of said downstream table below said fragmentation roll which includes a plate which is selected from steel.
  • the means for vibrating said tables may be common.
  • the means for vibrating said tables can be separated.
  • the said tables may comprise plates, the cooling means having channels for circulating a cooling fluid, arranged inside these plates.
  • Said tables may comprise, in an upstream zone of the installation, at least one plate having circulation channels provided with injectors of a liquid - cooling gas emulsion and, in a downstream zone following said upstream zone, at least a plate having channels for circulating a coolant.
  • the installation may comprise means for suspending said fragmentation roller including return springs.
  • Said suspension means may comprise rockers on which the ends of the fragmentation roller are mounted rotating, movable support means of these rockers, return means of the fragmentation roller opposing the movements of the rockers relative to the moving means of support and return means opposing the movements of said movable supports.
  • the return means may be, at said equilibrium position, prestressed.
  • Said fragmentation roller may be placed above a downstream part of the downstream table.
  • the fragmentation roll may be provided at its periphery with a plurality of protruding fingers.
  • At least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table is inclined downstream.
  • An installation for converting a metal in the liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal may include:
  • said receiving plates being selected from copper and being provided with cooling means, with the exception of the receiving plate located below said rotating fragmentation roll which is selected from a steel.
  • At least two successive receiving plates can be strongly offset in the vertical direction so that the metal drops from one to the other.
  • the installation may comprise an upstream zone in which at least one plate has circulation channels provided with injectors of a liquid - cooling gas emulsion and a downstream zone following said upstream zone in which at least one plate has channels. circulation of a coolant.
  • the installation may comprise means for suspending said fragmentation roller including return springs.
  • at least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table or upstream table is inclined downstream.
  • An installation may include:
  • At least one rotating fragmentation roll placed above said receiving table and transversely to the movement of the metal on said receiving plate
  • fragmentation roller comprising rockers on which the ends of the fragmentation roller are mounted rotating, movable supports of these rockers, return means of the fragmentation roller opposing the movements of the rockers relative to the supports mobile and return means opposing the movements of said movable supports.
  • An installation may comprise a receiving table on which the metal moves from upstream to downstream, this receiving table comprising, in an upstream zone, at least one plate having circulation channels of a liquid-gas emulsion and in a downstream zone succeeding the upstream zone, plates having channels for circulating a coolant.
  • An installation may include:
  • a vibrating table having a surface for receiving the metal
  • the inclination of the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table may be between two and ten degrees.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an installation
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal vertical section of the installation of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a longitudinal vertical section of a first longitudinal table of the installation of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal vertical section of a second longitudinal table of the installation of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 shows an end view from downstream to the upstream of the installation of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 shows a horizontal section of a plate of the first longitudinal table of the installation of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a downstream portion of the second longitudinal table of the installation of FIG. 1, illustrating a fragmentation roller mechanism
  • Fig. 8 is a side view of the fragmentation roller mechanism of Fig. 7;
  • This installation 1 is more particularly suitable for such a transformation of metals such as ferroalloys or silicon metal.
  • the installation 1 can comprise, successively, between a spill station 2 and an evacuation station 3, a plurality of longitudinal tables succeeding each other, of which a first table longitudinal 4 and a second longitudinal table 5, this second table 5 constituting a downstream table of the installation.
  • the first longitudinal table 4 may comprise a plurality of successive plates 6, preferably copper, for example five, which substantially define a first longitudinal receiving surface 7 of the metal, which has an upstream end 7a and a downstream end 7b.
  • the successive plates 6 overlap slightly, being vertically offset in steps corresponding substantially to their thicknesses, the upstream plates having downstream transverse edges placed on transverse edges upstream of the downstream plates, the upper face of each plate 6 being substantially horizontal and having longitudinal edges 6a of lateral delimitations, projecting upwards.
  • the first table 4 comprises a frame 8 which comprises longitudinal members 9 which extend below the lateral parts of the plates 6 and on which the latter are fixed by means of supports 10, the longitudinal members 9 being connected by sleepers 1 1.
  • the frame 8 is mounted on a fixed frame 12 via a plurality of springs 13 and the frame 8 is connected to the frame 12 via a vibration generating member 14 adapted to vibrate the frame 8.
  • the second longitudinal table 5 may comprise a plurality of successive plates 15, preferably made of copper, for example two, and an end plate 16, preferably made of steel, which define substantially a second longitudinal receiving surface 17 of the metal, which has an upstream end 17a and a downstream end 17b.
  • the successive plates 15 and 16 overlap slightly, the upstream plates having downstream transverse edges placed on transverse edges upstream of the downstream plates, the upper face of each plate being substantially horizontal and having flanges. longitudinal 15a and 16a of lateral delimitations, projecting upwards.
  • the second table 4 comprises a frame 1 8 which comprises longitudinal members 19 which extend below the lateral parts of the plates 15 and 16 and on which the latter are fixed, the longitudinal members 19 being connected by crosspieces 20.
  • the frame 1 8 is mounted on a fixed frame 21 via a plurality of springs 22 and the frame 1 8 is connected to the frame 21 via a vibration generating member 23 adapted to vibrate the frame 1 8.
  • the second table 4 is placed so that an upstream portion of its longitudinal receiving surface 17 is located below and at a distance from the downstream end 7b of the longitudinal receiving surface 7 of the first longitudinal table 4, creating and a strong discontinuity between the first longitudinal receiving surface 7 and the second longitudinal receiving surface 17.
  • the plates 6 and 15 have pluralities of internal cooling channels which extend transversely in planes parallel to their upper faces and which can be connected to sources of cooling fluids so as to circulate in these channels these fluids in order to cool these plates.
  • each plate 6 of the first table 4 has a plurality of transverse channels arranged in pairs of channels 24 and 25, so that the ends of each pair of channels, situated on one side of this plate are connected by recirculating U bends 26, whose other ends located on the other side of the plate are one provided with an injector 27 and the other connected to an outer conduit 28.
  • Each injector 27 is attached to the side of the plate 6 and has an interior emulsion chamber 29 in which a coolant such as water and a cooling gas such as nitrogen are fed through ducts.
  • a coolant such as water and a cooling gas such as nitrogen are fed through ducts.
  • outer 30 and 31 to be mixed and injected axially in each inner channel 24 of the plate 6 to be discharged through the outer conduit 28 corresponding.
  • the first longitudinal table 4 forms an upstream cooling zone.
  • the plates 15 of the second longitudinal table 5 have transverse cooling channels 32 which can be arranged as above, but without the provision of inj ectors, so as to circulate only a coolant such as some water.
  • the second longitudinal table 5 forms an upstream cooling zone.
  • the upstream cooling zone could extend over a portion of the length of the first longitudinal table 4 or extend on the second longitudinal table 5, the downstream cooling zone being arranged accordingly.
  • the installation 1 comprises a fixed frame 34 which carries an inclined longitudinal ramp 35 preferably provided with a refractory material, which is situated above and behind the upstream portion of the receiving surface. 7 of the first table 4 and which can also be equipped with transverse channels 36 for cooling by a suitable fluid.
  • the installation 1 is equipped, at the dumping station 2, with maneuvering means 33 for receiving a bag 37 and maneuvering the latter.
  • the first or first plates 6 forming the upstream portion of the receiving surface 7 of the first table 4 are slightly inclined downstream by a few degrees, while all the other plates of the installation can be horizontal. . According to an alternative embodiment, all the plates could be slightly inclined downstream.
  • Installation 1 can operate and be used as follows.
  • the vibration generating members 14 and 23 are in such a way that the plates 6 carried by the frame 9 of the first longitudinal table 4 vibrate and that the plates 15 and 16 carried by the frame 1 8 of the second longitudinal table 5 vibrate, independently.
  • the cooling fluids circulate in the aforementioned inner channels of the plates 6 and 15 of the longitudinal tables 4 and 5.
  • a pocket 37 containing a metal M in the liquid or molten state is placed at the dumping station 2.
  • the pocket 37 is maneuvered to discharge the metal M in a controlled manner onto the inclined ramp 35 (FIG. 2, arrow F 1).
  • the metal M in the liquid state flows over the inclined ramp 35 and discharges onto the upstream part of the receiving surface 7 of the first table ( Figure 2, arrow F2), spreading further to form a web (not shown).
  • the metal M in the form of a sheet moves from the upstream to the downstream side on the receiving surface 7 of the first longitudinal table (FIG. 2, arrow F3) and, concomitantly and progressively, under the effect of the cooling induced by the cooled plates 6, the metal M cools relatively rapidly, solidifies, and breaks up, forming fragments at as he progresses.
  • the fragments of the metal M discharge and fall on the upstream portion of the receiving surface 17 of the second longitudinal table 5 ( Figure 2, arrow F4), a height such that their fall further causes their fragmentation. This is a fall from a height which is much greater than the reduced drops induced during the passage of metal M from one receiving plate to the other of each of the tables.
  • the installation 1 can be equipped with vertical plates 39 and / or suspended chain curtains 40, placed longitudinally on each side and above the edges of the receiving surfaces 7 and 17 and a plate 41 placed transversely below the downstream edge of the first longitudinal table and above the upstream edge of the second longitudinal table.
  • the installation 1 could be equipped with covers (not shown) extending above and away from the longitudinal tables 4 and 5 and above the discharge station.
  • first longitudinal table 4 and the second longitudinal table 5 could be interconnected and mounted on a common fixed frame.
  • first longitudinal table 4 and the second longitudinal table 5 could be subjected to a common vibration generating member.
  • the level difference between the downstream portion of the first longitudinal table and the upstream portion of the second longitudinal table may be greater than twelve percent of the length of the first table.
  • the length of the first longitudinal table 4 could be between four and six meters and the height of the fall between the first longitudinal table 4 and the second longitudinal table 5 could be between sixty and ninety centimeters.
  • the length of the second longitudinal table 5 could be between two and four meters.
  • the width of the longitudinal tables 4 and 5 can be between two and four meters.
  • the thickness of the plates 6, 15 and 16 could be between six and eight centimeters, the reduced falls between the plates of each table being in proportion to these thicknesses.
  • the thickness of the sheet of metal M, after pouring of the liquid metal may be between one half and ten centimeters.
  • the temperature of the fragments of this metal when they reach the end of the first longitudinal table 4 may be between 400 ° C and 800 ° C and the temperature of the fragments of this metal when they reach the end of the second longitudinal table 5 may be between 150 ° C and 300 ° C.
  • the plates 6 and 15 of copper may be covered, at least on their upper surfaces for receiving the metal M, with a protective layer such as for example zircon or graphite.
  • the installation 1 may further comprise at least one fragmentation transverse roller mechanism 101, placed for example above the end receiving plate 16 of the second longitudinal table 5.
  • at least one fragmentation transverse roller mechanism 101 placed for example above the end receiving plate 16 of the second longitudinal table 5.
  • two mechanisms 101 longitudinally offset from upstream to downstream are provided.
  • the mechanism 101 comprises a transverse rotary driven fragmentation roller 102 which is carried by suspension means 103 mounted on the fixed frame 21.
  • the suspension means 101 comprise end rockers 104 which carry the ends of the roller 102, one of which is provided with a hydraulic drive motor 105, for example.
  • the suspension means 103 furthermore comprise an upper cradle 106 which comprises lateral supports 107 connected by sleepers 108 and articulated on the fixed frame 21 via transverse pivots 109.
  • the end rockers 104 are connected to the lateral supports 107 via pairs of front and rear rods 110 and 111 whose lower ends are provided with heads 112 and 113 which are articulated, on either side of the ends of the roller 102, on the rockers 104 via transverse pins 114 and 115 and which slide freely through longitudinal arms 116 of the lateral supports 107, the upper ends of the rods 110 and 111 being provided with setting nuts 117 and 118
  • the rods 110 and 111 are arranged to form upwardly open V's.
  • the suspension means 103 further comprise central rods 119, substantially vertical, whose lower ends are provided with heads 120 which are hinged to the fixed frame 21 via transverse pivots 121 and which slide freely through longitudinal arms. 122 of the lateral supports 107. The longitudinal arms 116 and the longitudinal arms 122, located next to each other, are parallel and are connected by transverse plates 123. The upper ends of the central rods 119 are provided with adjusting nuts 124 .
  • the heads 120 have shoulders 125 on which can support the longitudinal arms 122.
  • the suspension means 103 also comprise means for returning the roller 102 to an equilibrium position.
  • These return means comprise pairs of springs 126 and 127 which are arranged around the rods 110 and 111, between the heads 112 and 113 and the end portions of the longitudinal arms 116, the prestressing of these springs 126 and 127 being ensured by the nuts 117 and 118.
  • These return means also comprise central springs 128 which are arranged around the rods 119, between the longitudinal arms 122 by means of washers 129 and the nuts 124, by means of washers 1 30, the prestressing of these springs 128 being ensured by the nuts 124.
  • the roller 102 is cylindrical and is provided at its periphery with projecting pins or projections 13 1 partially engaged in the housings of the roller 102 and fixed by means of screws 132.
  • the roll 1 02 is cylindrical and is provided at its periphery with studs or projecting fingers 133 screwed directly into the housings of the transverse roll.
  • the mechanism 101 can operate as follows.
  • the cradle 106 In the low equilibrium position of the fragmentation roller 102, on the one hand the cradle 106 is in the low position, the longitudinal arms 1 12 being constrained to bear on the shoulders 125 of the heads 120 of the rods 1 19 under the the effect of the springs 128, and, on the other hand, the nuts 1 17 and 1 1 8 abut on the longitudinal arms 1 16 under the effect of the springs 126 and 127.
  • the cooling of the metal M along its path upstream of the mechanism 101 is such that the metal fragments M are isolated when they reach this mechanism 101.
  • the fingers of the transverse roller 102 can meet the fragments, including the largest and / or clusters of fragments , and possibly provoke their fragmentation by percussion or punching.
  • the transverse roller 102 may tend to lift and move upstream and / or downstream, by upward movement and / or tilting. end rockers 104, compressing return springs 126 and 127.
  • the transverse roller 102 may tend to still lift. In this case, to compensate for additional stresses acting on the transverse roller 1 02, it is then the cradle 106 which can lift by pivoting about the transverse pivots 109, away from the shoulders 125 and compressing the central springs 128.
  • the springs 126 and 127 on the one hand and the central springs 128 on the other hand are dimensioned and prestressed so that the increase of the above fragmentation effects, resulting from the above progressivity of the transverse roller raises 1 02, is established by the fact that the springs 126 and 127 oppose the lifting of the transverse roller 102 on a first stroke and that the central springs 128 are added to the springs 126 and 127 to oppose an additional lift of the transverse roller 102 on a second race extending up the first race.
  • the fragmentary transverse roller mechanism 101 could be provided at another location along the longitudinal tables 4 and 5.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart fragmentation transverse roller mechanisms 101 could be provided. be provided along one or more longitudinal tables 4 and 5.
  • the cradle 106 pivotally mounted could be replaced by vertical sliding means carrying the rockers 104 and subjected to central springs equivalent to the central springs 128.
  • the installation 1 comprises, between the first table 4 and the last table 5 previously described, several successive intermediate vibrating tables 42, which respectively comprise a plurality of successive copper plates 43, determining metal receiving surfaces 44 and which are respectively provided with vibration drive means which may be equivalent to those described above.
  • the successive plates 43 of each intermediate table 42 overlap slightly, the upstream plates having downstream transverse edges placed on transverse edges upstream of the downstream plates, the upper face of each plate being substantially horizontal.
  • the downstream end edges of the plates of the intermediate tables 42 are situated above and at a distance from the upstream end edges of the upstream plates of the tables which succeed them, so that each can vibrate independently.
  • the falls of the metal M thus caused may be much lower than the significant drop occurring between the first table 4 and the first of the intermediate tables 43.
  • the first plate or plates 6b, which determine an upstream zone, of the first table 4 are inclined downstream, so that when the metal M is discharged from the ramp 35 , this inclination produces a driving effect downstream of the metal M and prevents the metal stagnates on these plates, thus making the cooling more efficient and protecting the plates against the risk of tearing the metal plates and perforation.
  • this inclination can be between two and ten degrees.
  • the plate 16 located below the mechanism (s) 110 could be provided on a last vibrating table receiving independent of the previous reception tables.
  • fragmentation transverse roller mechanism 101 and the cooling means producing, on the receiving table or tables, a first cooling zone using a liquid-cooling gas emulsion and a second zone using only a cooling liquid.
  • the fragmentation transverse roller mechanism 101 and the cooling means producing, on the receiving table or tables, a first cooling zone using a liquid-cooling gas emulsion and a second zone using only a cooling liquid.
  • one or more fragmentation transverse roller mechanisms 10 1 could be provided over prior tables, especially on at least one of the intermediate tables 42, preferably providing steel plates below these mechanisms.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Abstract

A method and facility for transforming a liquid-state metal into a fragmented solid-state metal. The liquid-state metal is poured onto an upstream portion of a receiving surface (7) of a first cooled vibrating table (4). The metal falls from the downstream end of the first table onto an upstream portion of a receiving surface (17) of a second cooled vibrating table (5). The fragmented and solidified metal is discharged to the downstream end of the receiving surface of this second table. A rotary fragmentation roller (102) can be positioned above one table. The tables comprise an upstream area (7) for cooling by a liquid-gas emulsion and a downstream area (17) for cooling by a liquid.

Description

Procédé et installation de transformation d' un métal à l' état liquide en un métal à l' état solide La présente invention concerne le domaine de l ' industrie métallurgique.  The present invention relates to the field of the metallurgical industry.
Après traitement dans un four de réduction d'un métal issu antérieurement d'un minerai, on doit réaliser une phase de conditionnement consistant à l ' obtention, à partir du métal à l ' état liquide, de fragments de métal à l ' état solide, présentant des dimensions spécifiques . Une telle demande de produits sous forme de fragments concerne en particulier les ferro-alliages et le silicium- métal.  After treatment in a reduction furnace of a metal previously derived from an ore, a conditioning phase consisting in obtaining, from the metal in the liquid state, solid state metal fragments must be carried out. , having specific dimensions. Such a demand for products in the form of fragments concerns in particular ferroalloys and silicon-metal.
On met en œuvre actuellement un procédé de refroidissement et de fragmentation qui consiste à réaliser une cuvette en sable, à couler le métal à l ' état liquide dans cette cuvette pour former un bloc et à détruire et broyer ou concasser ce bloc de façon à obtenir des fragments de métal à l ' état solide.  A cooling and fragmentation process is being carried out which consists in producing a bowl of sand, casting the metal in the liquid state in this bowl to form a block and destroying and crushing or crushing the block so as to obtain metal fragments in the solid state.
Un tel procédé oblige à réaliser pour chaque coulée une cuvette en sable et à disposer d'une installation très coûteuse de destruction et de concasser des blocs . Ce procédé est particulièrement long à mettre en œuvre et donc coûteux et engendre une production importante de fines ou poussières de métal indésirables pouvant atteindre 1 5 % de la production.  Such a method requires to achieve for each casting a bowl of sand and to have a very expensive installation of destruction and crushing blocks. This process is particularly time-consuming and therefore expensive and generates a large production of unwanted metal fines or dusts of up to 15% of the production.
Le brevet US-3 707 1 82 décrit une table rotative sur laquelle un matériau liquide est déversé . La table est refroidie de façon uniforme, de façon que le matériau se so lidifie et se fragmente.  US Pat. No. 3,707,182 discloses a rotary table on which a liquid material is poured. The table is uniformly cooled, so that the material becomes homogeneous and breaks down.
La présente invention a pour but de réduire considérablement les temps de production de fragments d'un métal à l ' état solide à partir d'un métal à l' état liquide, en mettant en œuvre une installation qui est relativement plus simple et moins coûteuse et qui assure un dimensionnement relativement contrôlé des fragments. Il est tout d ' abord proposé un procédé pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état solide et fragmenté, sur au moins deux tables se succédant l'une l ' autre. It is an object of the present invention to significantly reduce the production times of solid state metal fragments from a liquid state metal by implementing a relatively simpler and less costly installation. and which ensures a relatively controlled sizing of the fragments. First of all, a process is proposed for converting a metal in the liquid state into a solid and fragmented metal on at least two tables succeeding each other.
Ce procédé comprend :  This process comprises:
déverser le métal à l ' état liquide sur une partie amont d'une première surface de réception d'une première table refroidie,  pouring the metal in the liquid state on an upstream portion of a first receiving surface of a first cooled table,
faire vibrer la première table de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette première table,  vibrating the first table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of this first table,
faire chuter le métal depuis l ' extrémité aval de la première table sur une partie amont d'une deuxième surface de réception d 'une deuxième table refroidie,  dropping the metal from the downstream end of the first table to an upstream portion of a second receiving surface of a second cooled table,
faire vibrer la seconde table de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette deuxième table,  vibrating the second table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of the second table,
faire passer le métal au-dessous d' au moins un rouleau transversal rotatif de fragmentation placé au-dessus d'une table aval située en aval de la première table,  passing the metal below at least one transverse rotating fragmentation roll placed above a downstream table located downstream of the first table,
faire vibrer la table aval de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette dernière table aval, et  vibrating the downstream table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of the latter downstream table, and
évacuer le métal fragmenté et solidifié à l ' extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette dernière table aval.  discharging the fragmented and solidified metal at the downstream end of the receiving surface of the latter downstream table.
Le métal est de préférence so lidifié lorsqu' il atteint ledit rouleau de fragmentation.  The metal is preferably laminated when it reaches said fragmentation roll.
Le procédé peut comprendre : faire circuler une émulsion d'un liquide et d'un gaz dans des canaux transversaux d'une zone amont de refroidissement et faire circuler un liquide dans des canaux transversaux d'une zone aval de refroidissement, ces zones de refroidissement se succédant dans le sens longitudinal desdites tables de réception.  The method may include: circulating an emulsion of a liquid and a gas in transverse channels of an upstream cooling zone and circulating a liquid in transverse channels of a downstream cooling zone, these cooling zones succeeding one another in the longitudinal direction of said reception tables.
Ladite seconde table peut constituer ladite table aval.  Said second table can constitute said downstream table.
Le procédé peut comprendre : faire passer le métal sur la surface de réception d' au moins une table intermédiaire refroidie située entre ladite deuxième table et ladite table aval, en faisant chuter le métal d'une table à l ' autre, The method can include: passing the metal onto the receiving surface of at least one cooled intermediate table located between said second table and said downstream table, causing the metal to fall from one table to another,
faire vibrer ladite table intermédiaire de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette table intermédiaire.  vibrating said intermediate table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of this intermediate table.
Le rouleau de fragmentation peut être soumis, sur une première course, à des premiers ressorts et, sur une seconde course pro longeant la première course, à des seconds ressorts s ' ajoutant aux premiers ressorts .  The fragmentation roller may be subjected, on a first race, to first springs and, on a second race pro along the first race, to second springs adding to the first springs.
Il est également proposé une installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état solide et fragmenté.  It is also proposed an installation for the transformation of a metal in the liquid state into a metal in the solid and fragmented state.
Une installation peut comprendre :  An installation may include:
- une première table vibrante comprenant une première surface de réception du métal présentant une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval d' évacuation, des moyens pour refroidir la première table, des moyens pour faire vibrer la première table de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval,  a first vibrating table comprising a first metal receiving surface having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end, means for cooling the first table, means for vibrating the first table so that the metal moves from the upstream to downstream,
- des moyens pour déverser le métal à l ' état liquide sur une partie amont de la première surface de réception de la première table, means for discharging the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part of the first receiving surface of the first table,
- une deuxième table vibrante comprenant une deuxième surface de réception du métal présentant une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval d' évacuation, la partie amont de la surface de réception de la deuxième table étant située au-dessous et à distance de l ' extrémité aval de la première surface de réception de la première table, de telle sorte que le métal chute de la première table sur la deuxième table, des moyens pour refroidir la seconde table, des moyens pour faire vibrer la deuxième table de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval, a second vibrating table comprising a second metal receiving surface having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end, the upstream part of the receiving surface of the second table being situated below and at a distance from the downstream end; of the first receiving surface of the first table, so that the metal drops from the first table to the second table, means for cooling the second table, means for vibrating the second table so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
- une table aval vibrante comprenant une surface de réception du métal présentant une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval d' évacuation et des moyens pour faire vibrer la table aval de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval, - au moins un rouleau rotatif de fragmentation p lacé au-dessus de cette table aval et transversalement au déplacement du métal sur cette table. a vibrating downstream table comprising a metal receiving surface having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end and means for vibrating the downstream table so that the metal moves from the upstream to the downstream, at least one rotating fragmentation roller p laced above this downstream table and transversely to the displacement of the metal on this table.
Ladite deuxième table peut constituer ladite table aval.  Said second table can constitute said downstream table.
L ' installation peut comprendre au moins une table intermédiaire située entre ladite deuxième table et ladite table aval, des moyens pour faire vibrer cette table intermédiaire et des moyens pour refroidir cette table intermédiaire .  The installation may comprise at least one intermediate table located between said second table and said downstream table, means for vibrating this intermediate table and means for cooling this intermediate table.
Lesdites tables peuvent comprendre des plaques de réception qui sont choisies en cuivre, à l ' exception d' au moins la partie de ladite table aval située au-dessous dudit rouleau de fragmentation qui comprend une plaque qui est choisie en acier.  The tables may include receiving plates which are selected from copper except for at least the portion of said downstream table below said fragmentation roll which includes a plate which is selected from steel.
Les moyens pour faire vibrer lesdites tables peuvent être communs.  The means for vibrating said tables may be common.
Les moyens pour faire vibrer lesdites tables peuvent être séparés.  The means for vibrating said tables can be separated.
Lesdites tables peuvent comprendre des plaques, les moyens de refroidissement présentant des canaux de circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement, aménagés à l ' intérieur de ces plaques .  The said tables may comprise plates, the cooling means having channels for circulating a cooling fluid, arranged inside these plates.
Lesdites tables peuvent comprendre, dans une zone amont de l' installation, au moins une plaque présentant des canaux de circulation munis d' inj ecteurs d'une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et, dans une zone aval suivant ladite zone amont, au moins une plaque présentant des canaux de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement.  Said tables may comprise, in an upstream zone of the installation, at least one plate having circulation channels provided with injectors of a liquid - cooling gas emulsion and, in a downstream zone following said upstream zone, at least a plate having channels for circulating a coolant.
L ' installation peut comprendre des moyens de suspension dudit rouleau de fragmentation incluant des ressorts de rappel.  The installation may comprise means for suspending said fragmentation roller including return springs.
Lesdits moyens de suspension peuvent comprendre des balanciers sur lesquels les extrémités du rouleau de fragmentation sont montées tournantes, des moyens mobiles de support de ces balanciers, des moyens de rappel du rouleau de fragmentation s ' opposant aux déplacements des balanciers par rapport aux moyens mobiles de support et des moyens de rappel s 'opposant aux déplacements desdits supports mobiles. Les moyens de rappel peuvent être, à ladite position d' équilibre, précontraints. Said suspension means may comprise rockers on which the ends of the fragmentation roller are mounted rotating, movable support means of these rockers, return means of the fragmentation roller opposing the movements of the rockers relative to the moving means of support and return means opposing the movements of said movable supports. The return means may be, at said equilibrium position, prestressed.
Ledit rouleau de fragmentation peut être placé au-dessus d 'une partie aval de la table aval.  Said fragmentation roller may be placed above a downstream part of the downstream table.
Le rouleau de fragmentation peut être muni à sa périphérie d'une pluralité de doigts en saillie .  The fragmentation roll may be provided at its periphery with a plurality of protruding fingers.
Au moins la partie amont de la surface de réception de la première table est inclinée vers l ' aval.  At least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table is inclined downstream.
Une installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l' état solide et fragmenté, peut comprendre :  An installation for converting a metal in the liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal may include:
- une pluralité de tables vibrantes munies de plaques de réception se succédant d' amont en aval et présentant des surfaces de réception du métal,  a plurality of vibrating tables provided with receiving plates succeeding each other from upstream to downstream and having surfaces for receiving the metal,
- des moyens pour déverser le métal à l ' état liquide sur une partie amont de la table amont,  means for discharging the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part of the upstream table,
- des moyens pour faire vibrer lesdites tables de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval,  means for vibrating said tables so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
- au moins un rouleau rotatif de fragmentation p lacé au-dessus de la table aval et transversalement au déplacement du métal sur cette table,  at least one rotating fragmentation roller p laced above the downstream table and transversely to the displacement of the metal on this table,
lesdites p laques de réception étant choisies en cuivre et étant munies de moyens de refroidissement, à l' exception de la plaque de réception située au-dessous dudit rouleau rotatif de fragmentation qui est choisie en un acier.  said receiving plates being selected from copper and being provided with cooling means, with the exception of the receiving plate located below said rotating fragmentation roll which is selected from a steel.
Au moins deux plaques de réception successives peuvent être fortement décalées dans le sens vertical de façon que le métal chute de l 'une sur l ' autre.  At least two successive receiving plates can be strongly offset in the vertical direction so that the metal drops from one to the other.
L ' installation peut comprendre une zone amont dans laquelle au moins une plaque présente des canaux de circulation munis d' inj ecteurs d 'une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et une zone aval suivant ladite zone amont dans laquelle au moins une plaque présente des canaux de circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement.  The installation may comprise an upstream zone in which at least one plate has circulation channels provided with injectors of a liquid - cooling gas emulsion and a downstream zone following said upstream zone in which at least one plate has channels. circulation of a coolant.
L ' installation peut comprendre des moyens de suspension dudit rouleau de fragmentation incluant des ressorts de rappel. Dans cette installation, au moins la partie amont de la surface de réception de la première table ou table amont est inclinée vers l ' aval. The installation may comprise means for suspending said fragmentation roller including return springs. In this installation, at least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table or upstream table is inclined downstream.
Une installation peut comprendre :  An installation may include:
une table présentant une surface de réception du métal sur laquelle le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval;  a table having a metal receiving surface on which the metal moves from upstream to downstream;
au moins un rouleau rotatif de fragmentation placé au-dessus de ladite table de réception et transversalement au déplacement du métal sur ladite plaque de réception  at least one rotating fragmentation roll placed above said receiving table and transversely to the movement of the metal on said receiving plate
et des moyens de suspension dudit rouleau de fragmentation comprenant des balanciers sur lesquels les extrémités du rouleau de fragmentation sont montées tournantes, des supports mobiles de ces balanciers, des moyens de rappel du rouleau de fragmentation s 'opposant aux déplacements des balanciers par rapport aux supports mobiles et des moyens de rappel s 'opposant aux déplacements desdits supports mobiles .  and suspension means of said fragmentation roller comprising rockers on which the ends of the fragmentation roller are mounted rotating, movable supports of these rockers, return means of the fragmentation roller opposing the movements of the rockers relative to the supports mobile and return means opposing the movements of said movable supports.
Une installation peut comprendre une table de réception sur laquelle le métal se déplace de l ' amont vers l ' aval, cette table de réception comprenant, dans une zone amont, au moins une plaque présentant des canaux de circulation d'une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et, dans une zone aval succédant à la zone amont, des plaques présentant des canaux de circulation d 'un liquide de refroidissement.  An installation may comprise a receiving table on which the metal moves from upstream to downstream, this receiving table comprising, in an upstream zone, at least one plate having circulation channels of a liquid-gas emulsion and in a downstream zone succeeding the upstream zone, plates having channels for circulating a coolant.
Une installation peut comprendre :  An installation may include:
- une table vibrante présentant une surface de réception du métal,  a vibrating table having a surface for receiving the metal,
- des moyens pour déverser le métal à l ' état liquide sur une partie amont de la table,  means for pouring the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part of the table,
- des moyens pour faire vibrer ladite table de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval,  means for vibrating said table so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
dans laquelle au moins la partie amont de la surface de réception de la table amont est inclinée vers l ' aval.  wherein at least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the upstream table is inclined downstream.
L 'inclinaison de la partie amont de la surface de réception de la première table peut être comprise entre deux et dix degrés . Des installations selon la présente invention, de transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état so lide fragmenté, et leur fonctionnement vont maintenant être décrites à titre d' exemples non limitatifs et illustrés par le dessin sur lequel : The inclination of the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table may be between two and ten degrees. Installations according to the present invention, for transforming a metal in the liquid state into a fragmented solid state metal, and their operation will now be described by way of nonlimiting examples and illustrated by the drawing on which :
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d 'une installation ;  - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an installation;
- la figure 2 représente une coupe verticale longitudinale de l' installation de la figure 1 ;  - Figure 2 shows a longitudinal vertical section of the installation of Figure 1;
- la figure 3 représente une coupe verticale longitudinale d 'une première table longitudinale de l ' installation de la figure 1 ;  - Figure 3 shows a longitudinal vertical section of a first longitudinal table of the installation of Figure 1;
- la figure 4 représente une coupe verticale longitudinale d 'une seconde table longitudinale de l 'installation de la figure 1 ;  - Figure 4 shows a longitudinal vertical section of a second longitudinal table of the installation of Figure 1;
- la figure 5 représente une vue en bout, de l ' aval vers l ' amont, de l 'installation de la figure 1 ;  - Figure 5 shows an end view from downstream to the upstream of the installation of Figure 1;
- la figure 6 représente une coupe horizontale d'une plaque de la première table longitudinale de l ' installation de la figure 1 ;  - Figure 6 shows a horizontal section of a plate of the first longitudinal table of the installation of Figure 1;
- la figure 7 représente une vue en perspective d'une partie aval de la seconde table longitudinale de l 'installation de la figure 1 , illustrant un mécanisme à rouleau de fragmentation ;  FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a downstream portion of the second longitudinal table of the installation of FIG. 1, illustrating a fragmentation roller mechanism;
- la figure 8 représente une vue latérale du mécanisme à rouleau de fragmentation de la figure 7 ; et  Fig. 8 is a side view of the fragmentation roller mechanism of Fig. 7; and
- la figure 9 représente une variante de réalisation de l' installation.  - Figure 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the installation.
On a représenté sur le dessin une installation 1 pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état solide et fragmenté.  There is shown in the drawing an installation 1 for the transformation of a metal in the liquid state into a metal in the solid and fragmented state.
Cette installation 1 est plus particulièrement adaptée pour une telle transformation de métaux tels que des ferro-alliages ou du silicium métal.  This installation 1 is more particularly suitable for such a transformation of metals such as ferroalloys or silicon metal.
Comme illustré en particulier sur les figures 1 et 2, l' installation 1 peut comprendre successivement, entre une station de déversement 2 et une station d' évacuation 3 , une pluralité de tables longitudinales se succédant l 'une l ' autre, dont une première table longitudinale 4 et une seconde table longitudinale 5 , cette seconde table 5 constituant une table aval de l 'installation. As illustrated in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the installation 1 can comprise, successively, between a spill station 2 and an evacuation station 3, a plurality of longitudinal tables succeeding each other, of which a first table longitudinal 4 and a second longitudinal table 5, this second table 5 constituting a downstream table of the installation.
Comme illustré en particulier sur les figures 1 , 2 et 3 , la première table longitudinale 4 peut comprendre une pluralité de plaques successives 6, de préférence en cuivre, par exemple cinq, qui définissent substantiellement une première surface longitudinale de réception 7 du métal, qui présente une extrémité amont 7a et une extrémité aval 7b .  As illustrated in particular in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the first longitudinal table 4 may comprise a plurality of successive plates 6, preferably copper, for example five, which substantially define a first longitudinal receiving surface 7 of the metal, which has an upstream end 7a and a downstream end 7b.
Les plaques successives 6 se chevauchent légèrement, en étant décalées verticalement en gradins correspondant sensiblement à leurs épaisseurs, les plaques amont présentant des bords transversaux aval placés sur des bords transversaux amont des plaques aval, la face supérieure de chaque plaque 6 étant sensiblement horizontale et présentant des rebords longitudinaux 6a de délimitations latérales, en saillie vers le haut.  The successive plates 6 overlap slightly, being vertically offset in steps corresponding substantially to their thicknesses, the upstream plates having downstream transverse edges placed on transverse edges upstream of the downstream plates, the upper face of each plate 6 being substantially horizontal and having longitudinal edges 6a of lateral delimitations, projecting upwards.
La première table 4 comprend un bâti 8 qui comprend des longerons 9 qui s ' étendent au-dessous des parties latérales des plaques 6 et sur lesquels sont fixées ces dernières par l 'intermédiaire de supports 10, les longerons 9 étant reliés par des traverses 1 1 .  The first table 4 comprises a frame 8 which comprises longitudinal members 9 which extend below the lateral parts of the plates 6 and on which the latter are fixed by means of supports 10, the longitudinal members 9 being connected by sleepers 1 1.
Le bâti 8 est monté sur un châssis fixe 12 par l ' intermédiaire d'une pluralité de ressorts 13 et le bâti 8 est relié au châssis 12 par l' intermédiaire d'un organe générateur de vibration 14 apte à faire vibrer le bâti 8.  The frame 8 is mounted on a fixed frame 12 via a plurality of springs 13 and the frame 8 is connected to the frame 12 via a vibration generating member 14 adapted to vibrate the frame 8.
Comme illustré en particulier sur les figures 1 , 2 et 4, la seconde table longitudinale 5 peut comprendre une p luralité de plaques successives 15 , de préférence en cuivre, par exemple deux, et une plaque terminale 16, de préférence en acier, qui définissent substantiellement une seconde surface longitudinale de réception 17 du métal, qui présente une extrémité amont 17a et une extrémité aval 17b .  As illustrated in particular in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the second longitudinal table 5 may comprise a plurality of successive plates 15, preferably made of copper, for example two, and an end plate 16, preferably made of steel, which define substantially a second longitudinal receiving surface 17 of the metal, which has an upstream end 17a and a downstream end 17b.
Les plaques successives 15 et 16 se chevauchent légèrement, les plaques amont présentant des bords transversaux aval placés sur des bords transversaux amont des plaques aval, la face supérieure de chaque plaque étant sensiblement horizontale et présentant des rebords longitudinaux 15 a et 1 6a de délimitations latérales, en saillie vers le haut. The successive plates 15 and 16 overlap slightly, the upstream plates having downstream transverse edges placed on transverse edges upstream of the downstream plates, the upper face of each plate being substantially horizontal and having flanges. longitudinal 15a and 16a of lateral delimitations, projecting upwards.
La seconde table 4 comprend un bâti 1 8 qui comprend des longerons 19 qui s ' étendent au-dessous des parties latérales des plaques 15 et 16 et sur lesquels sont fixées ces dernières, les longerons 19 étant reliés par des traverses 20.  The second table 4 comprises a frame 1 8 which comprises longitudinal members 19 which extend below the lateral parts of the plates 15 and 16 and on which the latter are fixed, the longitudinal members 19 being connected by crosspieces 20.
Le bâti 1 8 est monté sur un châssis fixe 21 par l ' intermédiaire d'une pluralité de ressorts 22 et le bâti 1 8 est relié au châssis 21 par l' intermédiaire d'un organe générateur de vibrations 23 apte à faire vibrer le bâti 1 8.  The frame 1 8 is mounted on a fixed frame 21 via a plurality of springs 22 and the frame 1 8 is connected to the frame 21 via a vibration generating member 23 adapted to vibrate the frame 1 8.
La seconde table 4 est placée de telle sorte qu'une partie amont de sa surface longitudinale de réception 17 soit située au-dessous et à distance de l ' extrémité aval 7b de la surface longitudinale de réception 7 de la première table longitudinale 4, créant ainsi une forte discontinuité entre la première surface longitudinale de réception 7 et la seconde surface longitudinale de réception 17.  The second table 4 is placed so that an upstream portion of its longitudinal receiving surface 17 is located below and at a distance from the downstream end 7b of the longitudinal receiving surface 7 of the first longitudinal table 4, creating and a strong discontinuity between the first longitudinal receiving surface 7 and the second longitudinal receiving surface 17.
Les plaques 6 et 15 présentent des pluralités de canaux intérieurs de refroidissement qui s ' étendent transversalement dans des plans parallèles à leurs faces supérieures et qui peuvent être reliés à des sources de fluides de refroidissement de façon à faire circuler dans ces canaux ces fluides afin de refroidir ces plaques .  The plates 6 and 15 have pluralities of internal cooling channels which extend transversely in planes parallel to their upper faces and which can be connected to sources of cooling fluids so as to circulate in these channels these fluids in order to cool these plates.
Comme illustré en particulier sur la figure 6, chaque plaque 6 de la première table 4 présente une pluralité de canaux transversaux agencés par paires de canaux 24 et 25 , de telle sorte que les extrémités de chaque paire de canaux, situées d 'un côté de cette plaque, sont reliées par des coudes en U de recirculation 26, dont les autres extrémités situées de l ' autre côté de la plaque sont l'une munie d'un inj ecteur 27 et l ' autre reliée à un conduit extérieur 28.  As illustrated particularly in FIG. 6, each plate 6 of the first table 4 has a plurality of transverse channels arranged in pairs of channels 24 and 25, so that the ends of each pair of channels, situated on one side of this plate are connected by recirculating U bends 26, whose other ends located on the other side of the plate are one provided with an injector 27 and the other connected to an outer conduit 28.
Chaque inj ecteur 27 est fixé sur le côté de la plaque 6 et présente une chambre intérieure d' émulsion 29 dans laquelle un liquide de refroidissement tel que de l ' eau et un gaz de refroidissement tel que de l ' azote sont amenés par des conduits extérieurs 30 et 3 1 pour être mélangés et inj ectés axialement dans chaque canal intérieur 24 de la plaque 6 pour être évacués par le conduit extérieur 28 correspondant. Ainsi, la première table longitudinale 4 forme une zone amont de refroidissement. Each injector 27 is attached to the side of the plate 6 and has an interior emulsion chamber 29 in which a coolant such as water and a cooling gas such as nitrogen are fed through ducts. outer 30 and 31 to be mixed and injected axially in each inner channel 24 of the plate 6 to be discharged through the outer conduit 28 corresponding. Thus, the first longitudinal table 4 forms an upstream cooling zone.
De façon équivalente, les plaques 15 de la seconde table longitudinale 5 présentent des canaux transversaux de refroidissement 32 qui peuvent être agencés comme ci-dessus, mais sans la prévision d'inj ecteurs, de façon à faire circuler uniquement un liquide de refroidissement tel que de l ' eau. Ainsi, la seconde table longitudinale 5 forme une zone amont de refroidissement.  Equivalently, the plates 15 of the second longitudinal table 5 have transverse cooling channels 32 which can be arranged as above, but without the provision of inj ectors, so as to circulate only a coolant such as some water. Thus, the second longitudinal table 5 forms an upstream cooling zone.
Néanmoins, selon une variante de réalisation, la zone amont de refroidissement pourrait s ' étendre sur une partie de la longueur de la première table longitudinale 4 ou se prolonger sur la seconde table longitudinale 5 , la zone aval de refroidissement étant aménagée en conséquence.  However, according to an alternative embodiment, the upstream cooling zone could extend over a portion of the length of the first longitudinal table 4 or extend on the second longitudinal table 5, the downstream cooling zone being arranged accordingly.
A la station de déversement 2 , l 'installation 1 comprend un châssis fixe 34 qui porte une rampe longitudinale inclinée 35 de préférence munie d'un matériau réfractaire, qui est située au-dessus et en arrière de la partie amont de la surface de réception 7 de la première table 4 et qui peut aussi être équipée de canaux transversaux 36 en vue de son refroidissement par un fluide adapté.  At the dumping station 2, the installation 1 comprises a fixed frame 34 which carries an inclined longitudinal ramp 35 preferably provided with a refractory material, which is situated above and behind the upstream portion of the receiving surface. 7 of the first table 4 and which can also be equipped with transverse channels 36 for cooling by a suitable fluid.
Comme illustré en particulier sur les figures 1 , 2 et 5 , l' installation 1 est équipée, à la station de déversement 2, de moyens de manœuvre 33 pour recevoir une poche 37 et manœuvrer cette dernière.  As illustrated particularly in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, the installation 1 is equipped, at the dumping station 2, with maneuvering means 33 for receiving a bag 37 and maneuvering the latter.
De préférence, la première ou les premières plaques 6 formant la partie amont de la surface de réception 7 de la première table 4 sont légèrement inclinées vers l ' aval, de quelques degrés, tandis que toutes les autres plaques de l ' installation peuvent être horizontales. Selon une variante de réalisation, toutes les plaques pourraient être légèrement inclinées vers l ' aval.  Preferably, the first or first plates 6 forming the upstream portion of the receiving surface 7 of the first table 4 are slightly inclined downstream by a few degrees, while all the other plates of the installation can be horizontal. . According to an alternative embodiment, all the plates could be slightly inclined downstream.
L ' installation 1 peut fonctionner et être utilisée de la manière suivante.  Installation 1 can operate and be used as follows.
Les organes générateurs de vibration 14 et 23 sont en marche de telles sorte que les plaques 6 portées par le bâti 9 de la première table longitudinale 4 vibrent et que les plaques 15 et 16 portées par le bâti 1 8 de la seconde table longitudinale 5 vibrent, de façon indépendante. Les fluides de refroidissement circulent dans les canaux intérieurs précités des plaques 6 et 15 des tables longitudinales 4 et 5. The vibration generating members 14 and 23 are in such a way that the plates 6 carried by the frame 9 of the first longitudinal table 4 vibrate and that the plates 15 and 16 carried by the frame 1 8 of the second longitudinal table 5 vibrate, independently. The cooling fluids circulate in the aforementioned inner channels of the plates 6 and 15 of the longitudinal tables 4 and 5.
Une poche 37 contenant un métal M à l ' état liquide ou en fusion est placée à la station de déversement 2.  A pocket 37 containing a metal M in the liquid or molten state is placed at the dumping station 2.
On manœuvre la poche 37 pour déverser de façon contrôlée le métal M sur la rampe inclinée 35 (Figure 2, flèche F l ) .  The pocket 37 is maneuvered to discharge the metal M in a controlled manner onto the inclined ramp 35 (FIG. 2, arrow F 1).
Le métal M à l ' état liquide, à une température un peu supérieure à sa température de fusion, s ' écoule en s ' étalant sur la rampe inclinée 35 et se déverse sur la partie amont de la surface de réception 7 de la première table (Figure 2, flèche F2), en s ' étalant encore de façon à former une nappe (non représentée) .  The metal M in the liquid state, at a temperature slightly above its melting temperature, flows over the inclined ramp 35 and discharges onto the upstream part of the receiving surface 7 of the first table (Figure 2, arrow F2), spreading further to form a web (not shown).
Sous l ' effet des vibrations de la première table longitudinale 4 , et éventuellement de la pente de la surface de réception 7, le métal M sous forme d'une nappe se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval sur la surface de réception 7 de la première table longitudinale (Figure 2, flèche F3) et, concomitamment et progressivement, sous l ' effet du refroidissement induit par les plaques refroidies 6, le métal M se refroidit relativement brutalement, se solidifie, et se brise en formant des fragments au fur et à mesure de son avancement.  Under the effect of the vibrations of the first longitudinal table 4, and possibly the slope of the receiving surface 7, the metal M in the form of a sheet moves from the upstream to the downstream side on the receiving surface 7 of the first longitudinal table (FIG. 2, arrow F3) and, concomitantly and progressively, under the effect of the cooling induced by the cooled plates 6, the metal M cools relatively rapidly, solidifies, and breaks up, forming fragments at as he progresses.
Lorsque le métal M atteint l ' extrémité aval 7a de la première table 4, ses fragments sont solidifiés, bien que le cœur des fragments les plus gros puisse éventuellement être encore pâteux.  When the metal M reaches the downstream end 7a of the first table 4, its fragments are solidified, although the heart of the larger fragments may possibly be still pasty.
Puis, les fragments du métal M, dont certains peuvent encore présenter des dimensions trop importantes et non souhaitées, par exemple sous la forme de langues, se déversent et chutent sur la partie amont de la surface de réception 17 de la seconde table longitudinale 5 (Figure 2, flèche F4), d'une hauteur telle que leur chute engendre encore leur fragmentation. Il s ' agit là d'une chute d'une hauteur qui est beaucoup plus importante que les chutes réduites induites lors du passage du métal M d'une plaque de réception à l ' autre de chacune des tables.  Then, the fragments of the metal M, some of which may still be too large and undesired, for example in the form of tongues, discharge and fall on the upstream portion of the receiving surface 17 of the second longitudinal table 5 ( Figure 2, arrow F4), a height such that their fall further causes their fragmentation. This is a fall from a height which is much greater than the reduced drops induced during the passage of metal M from one receiving plate to the other of each of the tables.
Puis, sous l ' effet des vibrations de la seconde table longitudinale 5 et, concomitamment, sous l ' effet du refroidissement induit par les plaques refroidies 15 , progressivement, les fragments du métal M continuent leur mouvement vers l ' aval sur la surface de réception 17 de la seconde table longitudinale 5 (Figure 2, flèche F5 ) et leur refroidissement en continuant éventuellement de se briser sous forme de fragments encore plus petits au fur et à mesure de leur avancement Then, under the effect of the vibrations of the second longitudinal table 5 and, concomitantly, under the effect of cooling induced by the cooled plates 15, progressively, the fragments of the metal M continue their downstream movement on the receiving surface 17 of the second longitudinal table 5 (FIG. 2, arrow F5) and their cooling possibly continuing to break under even smaller fragments as they progress
Puis, les fragments obtenus, so lidifiés et refroidis, se déversent à l ' extrémité aval de la seconde table longitudinale 5 dans un récipient de récupération 38 placé à la station d' évacuation 3 (Figure 2, flèche F6) .  Then, the obtained fragments, so lidified and cooled, are discharged at the downstream end of the second longitudinal table 5 in a recovery vessel 38 placed at the evacuation station 3 (Figure 2, arrow F6).
Comme illustré sur la figure 1 , afin que des fragments de métal ne se projettent à l ' extérieur des tables longitudinales 4 et 5 , l' installation 1 peut être équipée de plaques verticales 39 et/ou de rideaux de chaînes suspendues 40, placées longitudinalement de chaque côté et au-dessus des bords des surfaces de réception 7 et 17 et une plaque 4 1 placée transversalement au-dessous du bord aval de la première table longitudinale et au-dessus du bord amont de la seconde table longitudinale. En outre, l ' installation 1 pourrait être équipée de couvercles (non représentés) s ' étendant au-dessus et à distance des tables longitudinales 4 et 5 et au-dessus de la station d' évacuation.  As illustrated in FIG. 1, so that metal fragments do not project outside the longitudinal tables 4 and 5, the installation 1 can be equipped with vertical plates 39 and / or suspended chain curtains 40, placed longitudinally on each side and above the edges of the receiving surfaces 7 and 17 and a plate 41 placed transversely below the downstream edge of the first longitudinal table and above the upstream edge of the second longitudinal table. In addition, the installation 1 could be equipped with covers (not shown) extending above and away from the longitudinal tables 4 and 5 and above the discharge station.
A titre d' exemple non limitatif, la première table longitudinale 4 et la seconde table longitudinale 5 pourraient être reliées entre elles et montées sur un châssis fixe commun. Dans ce cas, la première table longitudinale 4 et la seconde table longitudinale 5 pourraient être soumises à un organe générateur de vibration commun.  By way of non-limiting example, the first longitudinal table 4 and the second longitudinal table 5 could be interconnected and mounted on a common fixed frame. In this case, the first longitudinal table 4 and the second longitudinal table 5 could be subjected to a common vibration generating member.
La différence de niveau entre la partie aval de la première table longitudinale et la partie amont de la seconde table longitudinale peut être supérieure à douze pour cent de la longueur de la première table . En particulier, la longueur de la première table longitudinale 4 pourrait être comprise entre quatre et six mètres et la hauteur de la chute entre la première table longitudinale 4 et la seconde table longitudinale 5 pourrait être comprise entre soixante et quatre vingt dix centimètres. La longueur de la seconde table longitudinale 5 pourrait être comprise entre deux et quatre mètres. The level difference between the downstream portion of the first longitudinal table and the upstream portion of the second longitudinal table may be greater than twelve percent of the length of the first table. In particular, the length of the first longitudinal table 4 could be between four and six meters and the height of the fall between the first longitudinal table 4 and the second longitudinal table 5 could be between sixty and ninety centimeters. The length of the second longitudinal table 5 could be between two and four meters.
La largeur des tables longitudinales 4 et 5 peut être comprise entre deux et quatre mètres.  The width of the longitudinal tables 4 and 5 can be between two and four meters.
L ' épaisseur des plaques 6, 15 et 16 pourrait être comprise entre six et huit centimètres, les chutes réduites entre les plaques de chaque table étant en proportion de ces épaisseurs .  The thickness of the plates 6, 15 and 16 could be between six and eight centimeters, the reduced falls between the plates of each table being in proportion to these thicknesses.
L ' épaisseur de la nappe de métal M, après déversement du métal liquide peut être comprise entre un demi et dix centimètres.  The thickness of the sheet of metal M, after pouring of the liquid metal may be between one half and ten centimeters.
Dans le cas d'un métal M dont la température de fusion est d' environ 1750°C (degrés Celsius), par exemple du silicium métal, la température des fragments de ce métal lorsqu'ils atteignent l ' extrémité de la première table longitudinale 4 peut être comprise entre 400°C et 800°C et la température des fragments de ce métal lorsqu' ils atteignent l ' extrémité de la seconde table longitudinale 5 peut être comprise entre 150°C et 300°C .  In the case of a metal M whose melting point is approximately 1750 ° C (degrees Celsius), for example silicon metal, the temperature of the fragments of this metal when they reach the end of the first longitudinal table 4 may be between 400 ° C and 800 ° C and the temperature of the fragments of this metal when they reach the end of the second longitudinal table 5 may be between 150 ° C and 300 ° C.
Par ailleurs, les plaques 6 et 15 en cuivre peuvent être recouvertes, au moins sur leurs surfaces supérieures de réception du métal M, d'une couche de protection telle que par exemple de zircon ou de graphite.  Furthermore, the plates 6 and 15 of copper may be covered, at least on their upper surfaces for receiving the metal M, with a protective layer such as for example zircon or graphite.
Comme illustré en particulier sur les figures 1 et 2, l' installation 1 peut comprendre en outre au moins un mécanisme 101 à rouleau transversal de fragmentation, placé par exemple au-dessus de la plaque terminale de réception 16 de la seconde table longitudinale 5. Selon l ' exemple représenté, deux mécanismes 101 décalés longitudinalement d' amont en aval sont prévus .  As illustrated in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, the installation 1 may further comprise at least one fragmentation transverse roller mechanism 101, placed for example above the end receiving plate 16 of the second longitudinal table 5. According to the example shown, two mechanisms 101 longitudinally offset from upstream to downstream are provided.
Comme illustré en particulier sur les figures 4, 7 et 8 , le mécanisme 101 comprend un rouleau transversal rotatif entraîné de fragmentation 102 qui est porté par des moyens de suspension 1 03 montés sur le châssis fixe 21 .  As illustrated in particular in FIGS. 4, 7 and 8, the mechanism 101 comprises a transverse rotary driven fragmentation roller 102 which is carried by suspension means 103 mounted on the fixed frame 21.
Les moyens de suspension 1 03 comprennent des balanciers d' extrémité 104 qui portent les extrémités du rouleau 102, dont l 'un est muni d'un moteur d' entraînement par exemple hydraulique 105 . Les moyens de suspension 103 comprennent en outre un berceau supérieur 106 qui comprend des supports latéraux 107 reliés par des traverses 108 et articulés sur le châssis fixe 21 par l'intermédiaire de pivots transversaux 109. The suspension means 101 comprise end rockers 104 which carry the ends of the roller 102, one of which is provided with a hydraulic drive motor 105, for example. The suspension means 103 furthermore comprise an upper cradle 106 which comprises lateral supports 107 connected by sleepers 108 and articulated on the fixed frame 21 via transverse pivots 109.
Les balanciers d'extrémité 104 sont reliés aux supports latéraux 107 par l'intermédiaire de paires de tiges avant et arrière 110 et 111 dont les extrémités inférieures sont munies de têtes 112 et 113 qui sont articulées, de part et d'autre des extrémités du rouleau 102, sur les balanciers 104 par l'intermédiaire de pivots transversaux 114 et 115 et qui coulissent librement au travers de bras longitudinaux 116 des supports latéraux 107, les extrémités supérieures des tiges 110 et 111 étant munies d'écrous de réglages 117 et 118. Les tiges 110 et 111 sont disposées de façon à former des V ouverts vers le haut.  The end rockers 104 are connected to the lateral supports 107 via pairs of front and rear rods 110 and 111 whose lower ends are provided with heads 112 and 113 which are articulated, on either side of the ends of the roller 102, on the rockers 104 via transverse pins 114 and 115 and which slide freely through longitudinal arms 116 of the lateral supports 107, the upper ends of the rods 110 and 111 being provided with setting nuts 117 and 118 The rods 110 and 111 are arranged to form upwardly open V's.
Les moyens de suspension 103 comprennent en outre des tiges centrales 119, substantiellement verticales, dont les extrémités inférieures sont munies de têtes 120 qui sont articulées sur le châssis fixe 21 par l'intermédiaire de pivots transversaux 121 et qui coulissent librement au travers de bras longitudinaux 122 des supports latéraux 107. Les bras longitudinaux 116 et les bras longitudinaux 122, situés à côté les uns des autres, sont parallèles et sont reliés par des plaques transversales 123. Les extrémités supérieures des tiges centrales 119 sont munies d'écrous de réglage 124.  The suspension means 103 further comprise central rods 119, substantially vertical, whose lower ends are provided with heads 120 which are hinged to the fixed frame 21 via transverse pivots 121 and which slide freely through longitudinal arms. 122 of the lateral supports 107. The longitudinal arms 116 and the longitudinal arms 122, located next to each other, are parallel and are connected by transverse plates 123. The upper ends of the central rods 119 are provided with adjusting nuts 124 .
Les têtes 120 présentent des épaulements 125 sur lesquels peuvent venir en appui les bras longitudinaux 122.  The heads 120 have shoulders 125 on which can support the longitudinal arms 122.
Les moyens de suspension 103 comprennent également des moyens de rappel du rouleau 102 vers une position d'équilibre.  The suspension means 103 also comprise means for returning the roller 102 to an equilibrium position.
Ces moyens de rappel comprennent des paires de ressorts 126 et 127 qui sont disposés autour des tiges 110 et 111, entre les têtes 112 et 113 et les portions d'extrémité des bras longitudinaux 116, la précontrainte de ces ressorts 126 et 127 étant assurée par les écrous 117 et 118.  These return means comprise pairs of springs 126 and 127 which are arranged around the rods 110 and 111, between the heads 112 and 113 and the end portions of the longitudinal arms 116, the prestressing of these springs 126 and 127 being ensured by the nuts 117 and 118.
Ces moyens de rappel comprennent également des ressorts centraux 128 qui sont disposés autour des tiges 119, entre les bras longitudinaux 122 par l'intermédiaire de rondelles 129 et les écrous 124, par l ' intermédiaire de rondelles 1 30, la précontrainte de ces ressorts 128 étant assurée par les écrous 124. These return means also comprise central springs 128 which are arranged around the rods 119, between the longitudinal arms 122 by means of washers 129 and the nuts 124, by means of washers 1 30, the prestressing of these springs 128 being ensured by the nuts 124.
Selon une variante illustrée sur la figure 4, le rouleau 102 est cylindrique et est muni à sa périphérie de picots ou doigts en saillie 13 1 rapportés engagés partiellement dans des logements du rouleau 102 et fixés grâce à des vis 132.  According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 4, the roller 102 is cylindrical and is provided at its periphery with projecting pins or projections 13 1 partially engaged in the housings of the roller 102 and fixed by means of screws 132.
Selon une autre variante illustrée sur la figure 7, le rouleau 1 02 est cylindrique et est muni à sa périphérie de picots ou doigts en saillie 133 vissés directement dans des logements du rouleau transversal.  According to another variant illustrated in FIG. 7, the roll 1 02 is cylindrical and is provided at its periphery with studs or projecting fingers 133 screwed directly into the housings of the transverse roll.
Le mécanisme 101 peut fonctionner de la manière suivante. The mechanism 101 can operate as follows.
Dans la position basse d' équilibre du rouleau de fragmentation 102, d'une part le berceau 106 est en position basse, les bras longitudinaux 1 12 étant contraints d' être en appui sur les épaulements 125 des têtes 120 des tiges 1 19 sous l ' effet des ressorts 128 , et, d' autre part, les écrous 1 17 et 1 1 8 sont en appui sur les bras longitudinaux 1 16 sous l ' effet des ressorts 126 et 127. In the low equilibrium position of the fragmentation roller 102, on the one hand the cradle 106 is in the low position, the longitudinal arms 1 12 being constrained to bear on the shoulders 125 of the heads 120 of the rods 1 19 under the the effect of the springs 128, and, on the other hand, the nuts 1 17 and 1 1 8 abut on the longitudinal arms 1 16 under the effect of the springs 126 and 127.
Le refroidissement du métal M le long de son parcours en amont du mécanisme 101 est tel que les fragments de métal M sont so lidifiés lorsqu' ils atteignent ce mécanisme 101 .  The cooling of the metal M along its path upstream of the mechanism 101 is such that the metal fragments M are isolated when they reach this mechanism 101.
Lorsque les fragments de métal M se déplacent sur la plaque 16 de la seconde table longitudinale 5 et passent sous le rouleau 102 entraîné en rotation, les doigts du rouleau transversal 102 peuvent rencontrer les fragments, notamment les plus gros et/ou les amas de fragments, et provoquer, éventuellement encore, leur fragmentation par percussion ou poinçonnage.  When the metal fragments M move on the plate 16 of the second longitudinal table 5 and pass under the roller 102 rotated, the fingers of the transverse roller 102 can meet the fragments, including the largest and / or clusters of fragments , and possibly provoke their fragmentation by percussion or punching.
Dans le cas de fragments trop gros ou d' amas de fragments trop épais, le rouleau transversal 102 peut avoir tendance à se soulever et se déplacer vers l ' amont et/ou vers l ' aval, par déplacement vers le haut et/ou basculement des balanciers d' extrémité 104, en comprimant des ressorts de rappel 126 et 127.  In the case of too large fragments or too thick clusters of fragments, the transverse roller 102 may tend to lift and move upstream and / or downstream, by upward movement and / or tilting. end rockers 104, compressing return springs 126 and 127.
Dans le cas de fragments encore plus gros ou d ' amas de fragments encore plus épais, le rouleau transversal 102 peut avoir tendance à encore se soulever. Dans ce cas, pour compenser les contraintes supplémentaires agissant sur le rouleau transversal 1 02 , c ' est alors le berceau 106 qui peut se soulever en pivotant autour des pivots transversaux 109, en s ' écartant des épaulements 125 et en comprimant les ressorts centraux 128. In the case of even larger fragments or even larger clusters of fragments, the transverse roller 102 may tend to still lift. In this case, to compensate for additional stresses acting on the transverse roller 1 02, it is then the cradle 106 which can lift by pivoting about the transverse pivots 109, away from the shoulders 125 and compressing the central springs 128.
Les ressorts 126 et 127 d'une part et les ressorts centraux 128 d' autre part sont dimensionnés et précontraints de telle sorte que l ' accroissement des effets de fragmentation ci-dessus, résultant de la progressivité ci-dessus des relevages du rouleau transversal 1 02, est établi grâce au fait que les ressorts 126 et 127 s ' opposent au relevage du rouleau transversal 102 sur une première course et que les ressorts centraux 128 s ' ajoutent aux ressorts 126 et 127 pour s ' opposer un relevage supplémentaire du rouleau transversal 102 sur une seconde course prolongeant vers le haut la première course.  The springs 126 and 127 on the one hand and the central springs 128 on the other hand are dimensioned and prestressed so that the increase of the above fragmentation effects, resulting from the above progressivity of the transverse roller raises 1 02, is established by the fact that the springs 126 and 127 oppose the lifting of the transverse roller 102 on a first stroke and that the central springs 128 are added to the springs 126 and 127 to oppose an additional lift of the transverse roller 102 on a second race extending up the first race.
Selon une variante de réalisation, le mécanisme 101 à rouleau transversal de fragmentation 1 02 pourrait être prévu à un autre endroit le long des tables longitudinales 4 et 5. Selon une autre variante de réalisation, plusieurs mécanismes 101 à rouleau transversal de fragmentation 102 espacés pourraient être prévus le long d'une ou des tables longitudinales 4 et 5.  According to an alternative embodiment, the fragmentary transverse roller mechanism 101 could be provided at another location along the longitudinal tables 4 and 5. According to another variant embodiment, a plurality of spaced-apart fragmentation transverse roller mechanisms 101 could be provided. be provided along one or more longitudinal tables 4 and 5.
Selon une variante de réalisation, le berceau 106 monté pivotant pourrait être remplacé par des moyens de coulissement vertical portant les balanciers 104 et soumis à des ressorts centraux équivalents aux ressorts centraux 128.  According to an alternative embodiment, the cradle 106 pivotally mounted could be replaced by vertical sliding means carrying the rockers 104 and subjected to central springs equivalent to the central springs 128.
Selon une variante de réalisation illustrée sur la figure 9, l' installation 1 comprend, entre la première table 4 et la dernière table 5 décrites précédemment, plusieurs tables vibrantes successives intermédiaires 42, qui comprennent respectivement une pluralité de plaques successives 43 , en cuivre, déterminant des surfaces de réception du métal 44 et qui sont munies respectivement de moyens d' entraînement en vibration qui peuvent être équivalents à ceux décrits précédemment.  According to an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the installation 1 comprises, between the first table 4 and the last table 5 previously described, several successive intermediate vibrating tables 42, which respectively comprise a plurality of successive copper plates 43, determining metal receiving surfaces 44 and which are respectively provided with vibration drive means which may be equivalent to those described above.
Comme dans le cas des plaques des tables 4 et 5 , les plaques successives 43 de chaque table intermédiaire 42 se chevauchent légèrement, les plaques amont présentant des bords transversaux aval placés sur des bords transversaux amont des plaques aval, la face supérieure de chaque plaque étant sensiblement horizontale. As in the case of the plates of the tables 4 and 5, the successive plates 43 of each intermediate table 42 overlap slightly, the upstream plates having downstream transverse edges placed on transverse edges upstream of the downstream plates, the upper face of each plate being substantially horizontal.
Les bords d ' extrémité aval des plaques des tables intermédiaires 42 sont situées au-dessus et à distance des bords d' extrémité amont des plaques amont des tables qui les succèdent, de façon que chacune puisse vibrer de façon indépendante. Les chutes du métal M ainsi occasionnées peuvent être beaucoup plus faibles que la chute important intervenant entre la première table 4 et la première des tables intermédiaires 43.  The downstream end edges of the plates of the intermediate tables 42 are situated above and at a distance from the upstream end edges of the upstream plates of the tables which succeed them, so that each can vibrate independently. The falls of the metal M thus caused may be much lower than the significant drop occurring between the first table 4 and the first of the intermediate tables 43.
La chute importante du métal M prévue précédemment entre la table 4 et la table 5 se produit alors entre la première table 4 et la première de ces tables intermédiaires .  The significant drop of the metal M predicted previously between the table 4 and the table 5 then occurs between the first table 4 and the first of these intermediate tables.
Comme illustré de façon accentuée sur la figure 9, la ou les premières plaques 6b, qui déterminent une zone amont, de la première table 4 sont inclinées vers l ' aval, de telle sorte que, lorsque le métal M est déversé depuis la rampe 35 , cette inclinaison produit un effet d' entraînement vers l ' aval du métal M et évite que le métal stagne sur ces plaques, rendant ainsi le refroidissement plus efficace et protégeant les plaques contre des risques d' arrachement du métal des plaques et leur perforation. Par exemple, cette inclinaison peut être comprise entre deux et dix degrés .  As illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 9, the first plate or plates 6b, which determine an upstream zone, of the first table 4 are inclined downstream, so that when the metal M is discharged from the ramp 35 , this inclination produces a driving effect downstream of the metal M and prevents the metal stagnates on these plates, thus making the cooling more efficient and protecting the plates against the risk of tearing the metal plates and perforation. For example, this inclination can be between two and ten degrees.
Selon une variante de réalisation, la plaque 16 située au- dessous du ou des mécanismes 1 01 pourrait être prévus sur une dernière table vibrante de réception indépendante des tables antérieures de réception.  According to an alternative embodiment, the plate 16 located below the mechanism (s) 110 could be provided on a last vibrating table receiving independent of the previous reception tables.
Par ailleurs, le mécanisme 101 à rouleau transversal de fragmentation ainsi que les moyens de refroidissement produisant, sur la ou les tables de réception, une première zone de refroidissement utilisant une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et une seconde zone utilisant uniquement un liquide de refroidissement pourraient être employés dans une installation de structure et de fonctionnement différents.  Furthermore, the fragmentation transverse roller mechanism 101 and the cooling means producing, on the receiving table or tables, a first cooling zone using a liquid-cooling gas emulsion and a second zone using only a cooling liquid. could be used in a different structure and operation installation.
En outre, un ou plusieurs mécanismes 10 1 à rouleaux transversaux de fragmentation pourraient être prévus au-dessus de tables antérieures, notamment sur au moins l 'une des tables intermédiaires 42, en prévoyant de préférence des plaques en acier au- dessous de ces mécanismes. In addition, one or more fragmentation transverse roller mechanisms 10 1 could be provided over prior tables, especially on at least one of the intermediate tables 42, preferably providing steel plates below these mechanisms.
La présente invention ne se limite pas à l ' exemple décrit ci- dessus. Bien d' autres variantes de réalisation sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l 'invention.  The present invention is not limited to the example described above. Many other embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Procédé pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état solide et fragmenté, sur au moins deux tables se succédant l 'une l ' autre, comprenant 1. A process for converting a metal in the liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal on at least two tables succeeding each other, comprising
déverser le métal à l ' état liquide sur une partie amont inclinée vers l ' aval d'une première surface de réception (7) d'une première table refroidie (4),  pouring the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part inclined downstream of a first receiving surface (7) of a first cooled table (4),
faire vibrer la première table de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette première table,  vibrating the first table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of this first table,
faire chuter le métal depuis l ' extrémité aval de la première table sur une partie amont d'une deuxième surface de réception ( 1 7) d'une deuxième table refroidie (5),  dropping the metal from the downstream end of the first table to an upstream portion of a second receiving surface (17) of a second cooled table (5),
faire vibrer la seconde table de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette deuxième table,  vibrating the second table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of the second table,
faire passer le métal au-dessous d' au moins un rouleau transversal rotatif de fragmentation ( 102) placé au-dessus d'une table aval située en aval de la première table (5 ),  passing the metal beneath at least one rotating transverse fragmentation roll (102) placed above a downstream table downstream of the first table (5),
faire vibrer la dernière table de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette table aval, et  vibrating the last table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of that downstream table, and
évacuer le métal fragmenté et solidifié à l ' extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette table aval.  discharging the fragmented and solidified metal at the downstream end of the receiving surface of this downstream table.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le métal est so lidifié lorsqu' il atteint ledit rouleau de fragmentation ( 102) .  The method of claim 1, wherein the metal is laminated when it reaches said fragmentation roll (102).
3. Procédé selon l 'une des revendications 1 et 2, comprenant : faire circuler une émulsion d'un liquide et d'un gaz dans des canaux transversaux (24) d'une zone amont de refroidissement et faire circuler un liquide dans des canaux transversaux (32) d'une zone aval de refroidissement, ces zones de refroidissement se succédant dans le sens longitudinal desdites tables de réception.  3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, comprising: circulating an emulsion of a liquid and a gas in transverse channels (24) of an upstream cooling zone and circulating a liquid in channels transverse (32) of a downstream cooling zone, these cooling zones succeeding one another in the longitudinal direction of said reception tables.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 , dans lequel ladite seconde table constitue ladite table aval (5) . 4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said second table constitutes said downstream table (5).
5. Procédé selon l 'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 , comprenant : The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
faire passer le métal sur la surface de réception d' au moins une table intermédiaire refroidie située entre ladite deuxième table et ladite table aval, en faisant chuter le métal d'une table à l ' autre,  passing the metal onto the receiving surface of at least one cooled intermediate table located between said second table and said downstream table, causing the metal to fall from one table to another,
faire vibrer ladite table intermédiaire de façon que le métal se déplace vers une extrémité aval de la surface de réception de cette table intermédiaire.  vibrating said intermediate table so that the metal moves to a downstream end of the receiving surface of this intermediate table.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le rouleau de fragmentation ( 102) est soumis, sur une première course, à des premiers ressorts ( 126, 127) et, sur une seconde course prolongeant la première course, à des seconds ressorts ( 128) s ' ajoutant aux premiers ressorts .  A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fragmentation roll (102) is subjected, on a first stroke, to first springs (126, 127) and, on a second stroke extending the first race, to second springs (128) being added to the first springs.
7. Installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état solide et fragmenté, comprenant :  7. Plant for converting a metal in a liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal, comprising:
- une première table vibrante (4) comprenant une première surface (6) de réception du métal présentant une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval d' évacuation, des moyens (24) pour refroidir la première table, des moyens ( 14) pour faire vibrer la première table de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval,  a first vibrating table (4) comprising a first metal receiving surface (6) having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end, means (24) for cooling the first table, means (14) for vibrating the first table; the first table so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
- des moyens (35 , 37) pour déverser le métal à l ' état liquide sur une partie amont de la première surface de réception (7) de la première table (4),  means (35, 37) for pouring the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part of the first receiving surface (7) of the first table (4),
- une deuxième table vibrante (5) comprenant une deuxième surface ( 17) de réception du métal présentant une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval d' évacuation, la partie amont ( 17a) de la surface de réception de la deuxième table (5) étant située au-dessous et à distance de l ' extrémité aval (7b) de la première surface de réception (7) de la première table (4), de telle sorte que le métal chute de la première table (4) sur la deuxième table (5), des moyens (32) pour refroidir la seconde table (5), des moyens (23) pour faire vibrer la deuxième table (5) de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval,  a second vibrating table (5) comprising a second metal receiving surface (17) having an upstream end and a downstream discharge end, the upstream part (17a) of the receiving surface of the second table (5) being located below and away from the downstream end (7b) of the first receiving surface (7) of the first table (4), so that the metal drops from the first table (4) to the second table (5), means (32) for cooling the second table (5), means (23) for vibrating the second table (5) so that the metal moves from the upstream to the downstream,
- une table aval vibrante (5 ) comprenant une surface ( 17) de réception du métal présentant une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval d' évacuation et des moyens (23) pour faire vibrer la table aval (5) de façon que le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval, a vibrating downstream table (5) comprising a metal receiving surface (17) having an upstream end and an end downstream discharge and means (23) for vibrating the downstream table (5) so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
- au moins un rouleau rotatif de fragmentation ( 102) placé au- dessus de cette table aval et transversalement au déplacement du métal sur cette table.  at least one rotating fragmentation roll (102) placed above this downstream table and transversely to the displacement of the metal on this table.
8. Installation selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle ladite deuxième table constitue ladite table aval.  8. Installation according to claim 7, wherein said second table constitutes said downstream table.
9. Installation selon la revendication 7, comprenant au moins une table intermédiaire située entre ladite deuxième table et ladite table aval, des moyens pour faire vibrer cette table intermédiaire et des moyens pour refroidir cette table intermédiaire.  9. Installation according to claim 7, comprising at least one intermediate table located between said second table and said downstream table, means for vibrating the intermediate table and means for cooling the intermediate table.
10. Installation selon l 'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
9, dans lequel lesdites tables comprennent des plaques de réception qui sont choisies en cuivre, à l ' exception d ' au moins la partie de ladite table aval située au-dessous dudit rouleau de fragmentation qui comprend une plaque qui est choisie en acier. 9, wherein said tables comprise receiving plates which are selected from copper except for at least that portion of said downstream table below said fragmentation roll which comprises a plate which is selected from steel.
1 1 . Installation selon l 'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 1 1. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
10, dans laquelle les moyens pour faire vibrer lesdites tables sont communs. 10, wherein the means for vibrating said tables are common.
12. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
1 1 , dans laquelle les moyens pour faire vibrer lesdites tables sont séparés. 1 1, wherein the means for vibrating said tables are separated.
13. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
12, dans laquelle lesdites tables comprennent des plaques (6, 15 , 16) , les moyens de refroidissement présentant des canaux de circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement, aménagés à l 'intérieur de ces plaques. 12, wherein said tables comprise plates (6, 15, 16), the cooling means having cooling fluid circulation channels arranged inside these plates.
14. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 14. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
13 , dans laquelle lesdites tables comprennent, dans une zone amont de l' installation, au moins une plaque (6) présentant des canaux de circulation (24) munis d' inj ecteurs (27) d'une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et, dans une zone aval suivant ladite zone amont, au moins une plaque ( 15) présentant des canaux de circulation (32) d 'un liquide de refroidissement. 13, wherein said tables comprise, in an upstream zone of the installation, at least one plate (6) having circulation channels (24) provided with injectors (27) of a liquid - cooling gas emulsion. in a downstream zone following said upstream zone, at least one plate (15) having circulation channels (32) for a cooling liquid.
15. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 14, comprenant des moyens de suspension dudit rouleau de fragmentation incluant des ressorts de rappel. 15. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to 14, comprising suspension means of said fragmentation roller including return springs.
16. Installation selon la revendication 15, dans laquelle lesdits moyens de suspension (103) comprennent des balanciers (104) sur lesquels les extrémités du rouleau de fragmentation (102) sont montées tournantes, des moyens mobiles (107) de support de ces balanciers, des moyens de rappel (126, 127) du rouleau de fragmentation s'opposant aux déplacements des balanciers par rapport aux moyens mobiles de support et des moyens de rappel (128) s'opposant aux déplacements desdits supports mobiles (107).  16. Installation according to claim 15, wherein said suspension means (103) comprise rockers (104) on which the ends of the fragmentation roller (102) are mounted rotating, movable means (107) for supporting these rockers, return means (126, 127) of the fragmentation roller opposing the movements of the rockers relative to the movable support means and return means (128) opposing the movements of said movable supports (107).
17. Installation selon la revendication 16, dans laquelle les moyens de rappel (126, 127, 128) sont, à ladite position d'équilibre, précontraints.  17. Installation according to claim 16, wherein the biasing means (126, 127, 128) are, in said equilibrium position, prestressed.
18. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 18. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
17, dans laquelle ledit rouleau de fragmentation (102) est placé au- dessus d'une partie aval de la table aval (5). 17, wherein said fragmentation roll (102) is placed above a downstream portion of the downstream table (5).
19. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 19. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
18, dans laquelle le rouleau de fragmentation (102) est muni à sa périphérie d'une pluralité de doigts en saillie (131, 133). 18, wherein the fragmentation roller (102) is provided at its periphery with a plurality of protruding fingers (131, 133).
20. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 20. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to
19, dans laquelle au moins la partie amont de la surface de réception de la première table est inclinée vers l'aval. 19, wherein at least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table is inclined downstream.
21. Installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l'état liquide en un métal à l'état solide et fragmenté, comprenant :  21. A plant for converting a metal in a liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal, comprising:
- une pluralité de tables vibrantes munies de plaques de réception se succédant d'amont en aval et présentant des surfaces de réception du métal,  a plurality of vibrating tables provided with receiving plates succeeding each other from upstream to downstream and having surfaces for receiving the metal,
- des moyens (35, 37) pour déverser le métal à l'état liquide sur une partie amont de la table amont (4),  means (35, 37) for discharging the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part of the upstream table (4),
- des moyens (23) pour faire vibrer lesdites tables (5) de façon que le métal se déplace de l'amont vers l'aval, - au moins un rouleau rotatif de fragmentation ( 102) placé au- dessus de la table aval (5) et transversalement au déplacement du métal sur cette table, means (23) for vibrating said tables (5) so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream, at least one rotating fragmentation roll (102) placed above the downstream table (5) and transversely to the movement of the metal on this table,
lesdites p laques de réception étant choisies en cuivre et étant munies de moyens de refroidissement, à l' exception de la plaque de réception située au-dessous dudit rouleau rotatif de fragmentation qui est choisie en un acier.  said receiving plates being selected from copper and being provided with cooling means, with the exception of the receiving plate located below said rotating fragmentation roll which is selected from a steel.
22. Installation selon la revendication 21 , dans laquelle au moins deux p laques de réception successives sont fortement décalées dans le sens vertical de façon que le métal chute de l 'une sur l ' autre.  22. Installation according to claim 21, wherein at least two successive reception plates are strongly offset in the vertical direction so that the metal drops from one to the other.
23. Installation selon l 'une des revendications 21 et 22, comprenant une zone amont dans laquelle au moins une plaque (6) présente des canaux de circulation (24) munis d'inj ecteurs (27) d 'une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et une zone aval suivant ladite zone amont dans laquelle au moins une plaque ( 15) présente des canaux de circulation (32) d'un liquide de refroidissement.  23. Installation according to one of claims 21 and 22, comprising an upstream zone in which at least one plate (6) has circulation channels (24) provided with injectors (27) of a liquid-gas emulsion. cooling and a downstream zone following said upstream zone in which at least one plate (15) has circulation channels (32) for a cooling liquid.
24. Installation selon l 'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 24. Installation according to any one of claims 21 to
23 , comprenant des moyens de suspension dudit rouleau de fragmentation incluant des ressorts de rappel. 23, comprising means for suspending said fragmentation roller including return springs.
25 . Installation selon l 'une quelconque des revendications 21 à 25. Installation according to any one of claims 21 to
24, dans laquelle au moins la partie amont de la surface de réception de la première table ou table amont est inclinée vers l ' aval. 24, wherein at least the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first upstream table or table is inclined downstream.
26. Installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l ' état liquide en un métal à l ' état solide et fragmenté, comprenant :  26. Plant for converting a metal in the liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal, comprising:
une table (5) présentant une surface ( 17) de réception du métal sur laquelle le métal se déplace de l' amont vers l ' aval;  a table (5) having a metal receiving surface (17) on which the metal moves from upstream to downstream;
au moins un rouleau rotatif de fragmentation ( 102) placé au- dessus de ladite table de réception et transversalement au déplacement du métal sur ladite plaque de réception  at least one rotating fragmentation roll (102) placed above said receiving table and transversely to the movement of the metal on said receiving plate
et des moyens de suspension ( 103) dudit rouleau de fragmentation ( 102) comprenant des balanciers sur lesquels les extrémités du rouleau de fragmentation ( 102) sont montées tournantes, des supports mobiles ( 107) de ces balanciers, des moyens de rappel ( 126, 127) du rouleau de fragmentation ( 102) s ' opposant aux déplacements des balanciers par rapport aux supports mobiles (107) et des moyens de rappel (128) s'opposant aux déplacements desdits supports mobiles. and suspension means (103) of said fragmentation roller (102) comprising rockers on which the ends of the fragmentation roller (102) are rotatably mounted, movable supports (107) of said rockers, return means (126, 127) of the fragmentation roll (102) opposing the movements of the rockers relative to the movable supports (107) and return means (128) opposing the movements of said movable supports.
27. Installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l'état liquide en un métal à l'état solide et fragmenté, comprenant une table de réception sur laquelle le métal se déplace de l'amont vers l'aval, cette table de réception comprenant, dans une zone amont, au moins une plaque (6) présentant des canaux de circulation (24) d'une émulsion liquide-gaz de refroidissement et, dans une zone aval succédant à la zone amont, des plaques (15) présentant des canaux de circulation (32) d'un liquide de refroidissement.  27. Installation for the transformation of a metal in the liquid state into a solid and fragmented metal, comprising a receiving table on which the metal moves from upstream to downstream, this receiving table comprising, in an upstream zone, at least one plate (6) having circulation channels (24) of a liquid-cooling gas emulsion and, in a downstream zone succeeding the upstream zone, plates (15) having circulation channels (32) of a coolant.
28. Installation pour la transformation d'un métal à l'état liquide en un métal à l'état solide et fragmenté, comprenant :  28. A plant for converting a metal in a liquid state to a solid and fragmented metal, comprising:
- une table vibrante présentant une surface de réception du métal,  a vibrating table having a surface for receiving the metal,
- des moyens (35, 37) pour déverser le métal à l'état liquide sur une partie amont de la table (4),  means (35, 37) for pouring the metal in the liquid state onto an upstream part of the table (4),
- des moyens (23) pour faire vibrer ladite table (4) de façon que le métal se déplace de l'amont vers l'aval,  means (23) for vibrating said table (4) so that the metal moves from upstream to downstream,
dans laquelle au moins la partie amont (6b) de la surface de réception de la table amont (4) est inclinée vers l'aval.  wherein at least the upstream portion (6b) of the receiving surface of the upstream table (4) is inclined downstream.
29. Installation selon la revendication 28, dans laquelle l'inclinaison de la partie amont de la surface de réception de la première table est comprise entre deux et 10 degrés.  29. Installation according to claim 28, wherein the inclination of the upstream portion of the receiving surface of the first table is between two and 10 degrees.
EP14707426.4A 2013-03-06 2014-03-03 Method and facility for transforming a liquid-state metal into a solid-state metal Active EP2964412B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1352004A FR3002869B1 (en) 2013-03-06 2013-03-06 PROCESS AND PLANT FOR TRANSFORMING A LIQUID METAL TO A SOLID STATE METAL
PCT/EP2014/054096 WO2014135501A2 (en) 2013-03-06 2014-03-03 Method and facility for transforming a liquid-state metal into a solid-state metal

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CN108165687B (en) * 2018-01-13 2019-09-06 十堰市郧阳区榕峰钢铁有限公司 A kind of slag granulation heat collector
CN112575201B (en) * 2020-12-09 2022-04-15 清远楚江铜业有限公司 Reclaimed copper scrap recovery equipment
CN115815573A (en) * 2022-11-21 2023-03-21 苏州朗信智能科技有限公司 Iron alloy casting forming method
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CN105228776B (en) 2018-11-27
FR3002869B1 (en) 2015-10-23
CN105228776A (en) 2016-01-06
ZA201506389B (en) 2017-02-22
BR112015021697A2 (en) 2017-07-18
EP2964412B1 (en) 2020-02-19
EA201591651A1 (en) 2016-01-29
WO2014135501A2 (en) 2014-09-12
BR112015021697B1 (en) 2019-10-01
ES2777974T3 (en) 2020-08-06
FR3002869A1 (en) 2014-09-12
CA2901872A1 (en) 2014-09-12
US20160016231A1 (en) 2016-01-21
WO2014135501A3 (en) 2014-12-04
EA031271B1 (en) 2018-12-28
US9950371B2 (en) 2018-04-24

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