EP2959227A1

EP2959227A1 - Incinerator, workpiece treatment installation, and method for operating an incinerator

Info

Publication number: EP2959227A1
Application number: EP14704783.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Oliver Iglauer; Axel Widenhorn; Wolfgang Tobisch
Original assignee: Duerr Systems AG
Current assignee: Duerr Systems AG
Priority date: 2013-02-25
Filing date: 2014-02-14
Publication date: 2015-12-30
Also published as: DE102013203089A1; BR112015017975A2; CN105074336B; WO2014128056A1; CN105074336A

Abstract

In order to produce an incinerator, in which solar radiation can be used for reducing the quantity of fuel required with little technical effort, the incinerator comprises an incineration device for chemically reacting fuel and oxidising agent, a fuel supply line for supplying fuel to the incineration device, an oxidising agent supply line for supplying oxidising agent to the incineration device, an exhaust gas conduit for removing exhaust gas from the incineration device, a solar thermal device, by means of which a heat transfer medium in the form of as thermal oil can be heated using solar radiation, wherein the solar thermal device comprises one or a plurality of Fresnel collectors, and the incinerator further comprises one or a plurality of heat exchangers by means of which heat can be transferred from the heat transfer medium to the fuel conducted in the fuel supply line, to the oxidising agent conducted in the oxidising agent supply line, and/or to the exhaust gas conducted in the exhaust gas conduit.

Description

Combustion plant, workpiece treatment plant and method for operating an incinerator

The present invention relates to a combustion plant for the chemical conversion of fuel and oxidizer.

For example, the solar thermal test plant "SOLHYCO" in Almeria, Spain is known. In this experimental power plant, a heliostat field is provided, by means of which the solar radiation is directed to a radiation receiver in order to heat the air flowing through the absorber tubes of the radiation receiver to more than 800 ° C. This heated air is fed directly to a micro gas turbine and thereby used for power generation. At night and in cloudy conditions, the micro gas turbine can be powered by diesel fuel for power generation, for example.

The present invention has for its object to provide a combustion system in which solar radiation with a low technical effort to reduce the amount of fuel required is available.

This object is achieved according to the invention by an incinerator which comprises:

a combustor for chemically reacting fuel and oxidizer;

a fuel supply for supplying fuel to the combustion device;

an oxidizer feed for supplying oxidizer to the combustor;

an exhaust passage for exhausting exhaust gas from the combustion device;

a solar thermal device by means of which a heat transfer medium can be heated using solar radiation; and one or more heat exchangers, by means of which heat from the heat transfer medium to the guided in the fuel supply fuel, on the guided in the Oxidatorzuführung oxidizer and / or on the guided in the exhaust gas exhaust is transferable.

Because a solar thermal device is provided for the use of solar radiation in the incineration plant according to the invention, the incineration plant can be operated particularly efficiently. In particular, this can reduce the amount of fuel required to operate the incinerator.

Characterized in that in the combustion system according to the invention, a heat transfer medium is provided which can be heated by means of solar radiation and by means of which the solar heat to the fuel, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust gas is transferable, the combustion device and the solar thermal device at different locations or positions, in particular spaced from each other, to be arranged.

The transfer of the solar heat received by the solar thermal device to the fuel, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust gas is thus preferably carried out by means of a medium different from the fuel, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust gas.

The fuel and the heat transfer medium are preferably conducted separately from each other.

The oxidizer and the heat transfer medium are preferably conducted separately.

The exhaust gas and the heat transfer medium are preferably conducted separately from each other. By means of the incineration plant according to the invention, in particular an indirect heat transfer of the solar heat to the fuel, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust gas can be carried out.

It may be favorable if the incineration plant comprises an additive device by means of which an additive medium can be fed to the fuel feed, the oxidant feed and / or the flue gas guide.

The additive medium is preferably a liquid additive medium.

In particular, it can be provided that the additive medium comprises water or is water.

The additive medium is preferably selected so that it is substantially chemically inert in the combustion device in which fuel and oxidizer are chemically reacted, in particular neither with the oxidizer nor with the fuel.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the additive medium comprises hydrocarbons, for example methanol or other alcohols, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones and / or carboxylic acids or consists of one or more of these substances. Furthermore, a mixture of one or more chemically inert substances and one or more chemically reactive substances, for example a mixture of water and methanol, may be provided as the additive medium.

It can be advantageous if the additive device is arranged upstream of the one or more heat exchangers with respect to a flow direction of the fuel and / or the oxidizer, by means of which heat from the heat transfer medium to the guided in the fuel supply fuel and / or guided in the Oxidatorzuführung Oxidator is transferable. It can be provided that the fuel and the oxidizer are at least partially performed together in a common feed.

Such a common feed is then at least a portion of the fuel supply and the Oxidatorzuführung in which, for example, an additive device and / or a heat exchanger can be arranged.

The additive medium is preferably heatable by transferring heat from the heat transfer medium to the additive medium. In particular, it can be provided that the additive medium can be converted from a liquid state of matter into a gaseous state of aggregate by transfer of heat from the heat transfer medium to the additive medium, ie. vaporizable, is.

The combustion system preferably comprises a control device for controlling and / or regulating the additive device. Preferably, the additive device is controllable and / or controllable by means of the control device as a function of the heat which can be provided by means of the solar thermal device.

It may be favorable if the solar thermal device comprises a sensor device, by means of which the intensity of the solar radiation and / or the temperature of the heated by using solar radiation

Heat transfer medium can be determined. Preferably, by means of the control device, the additive device can be controlled and / or regulated such that a small amount of additive medium or no additive medium of the fuel supply, the Oxidatorzuführung and / or the exhaust gas guide is supplied at determined low intensity of the solar radiation and / or determined low temperature of the heat transfer medium at a determined high intensity of solar radiation and / or determined high temperature of the heat transfer medium, a large amount of additive the Fuel supply, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust system is supplied. In this way, the solar heat provided by means of the solar thermal device can be optimally utilized without impairing the operation of the incinerator by excessively generous additive medium supply when the solar radiation is too low.

In one embodiment of the invention can be provided that the combustion device comprises a compression device for compression of fuel and / or oxidizer.

By means of such a compression device, in particular an increase in pressure of the fuel and / or the oxidizer can be effected.

It can be provided that a heat exchanger or a plurality of heat exchangers with respect to a flow direction of the oxidizer and / or the fuel upstream of a combustion chamber device of the combustion device and / or downstream of a compression device of the combustion device are arranged. In this way, the oxidizer and / or the fuel may be heated prior to delivery to the combustor device. As a result, the efficiency of the combustion system can be increased, in particular by the fact that the required amount of fuel can be reduced.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that a heat exchanger or a plurality of heat exchangers are arranged downstream of a combustion chamber device of the combustion device and / or downstream of a turbine device of the combustion device with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas.

For example, it can be provided that the heat of the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber device by means of a heat exchanger a heat consumer, such as a dryer for drying workpieces, can be fed. In particular, it can be provided that, for renewed heating of the exhaust gas, in particular for the use of the other heat contained therein, this exhaust gas can be preferably brought to a higher temperature level by means of the heat exchanger of the solar thermal device and subsequently fed to a further heat exchanger, by means of which the heat another heat consumer can be fed.

A heat consumer is in particular a device, for example a workpiece drying device, which must be supplied for the operation of the same heat.

The heat transfer medium may be, for example, a gas, a liquid or a solid. In particular, it can be provided that the heat transfer medium in an operating range between about 100 ° C and about 400 ° C is gaseous, liquid or solid.

Preferably, the heat transfer medium is a liquid. In particular, the solidification point (fixed point) of the heat transfer medium is below about 100 ° C. The boiling point of the heat transfer medium is preferably above about 400 ° C.

The heat transfer medium may be, for example, a thermal oil, which is preferably heat-resistant to about 400 ° C, that is, which chemically decomposes only at temperatures above 400 ° C.

It may be favorable if the combustion device comprises a thermal oxidation device for the oxidation of pollutants.

For example, if the combustion device comprises a thermal oxidation device for the oxidation of pollutants, it can be provided that the pollutants for the oxidation of the same can be heated directly or indirectly. Preferably, the pollutants for the oxidation of the same one Furnace device supplied and heated directly therein and chemically converted.

Furthermore, it may be favorable if the combustion device comprises a gas turbine device.

In particular, when the combustion device comprises a gas turbine device, the combustion system is preferably designed as a thermal power plant, by means of which thermal energy, in particular thermal energy from the solar radiation, with the aid of fuel into electrical energy is convertible.

It may be favorable if it is possible to feed purified exhaust gas from the combustion device to the combustion device by means of the oxidizer feed.

The incinerator preferably comprises a control device for controlling and / or regulating the incinerator.

In particular, a method for operating the incinerator can be carried out by means of the control device.

The incinerator according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a workpiece treatment plant.

The present invention therefore also relates to a workpiece treatment system for the treatment and / or processing of workpieces, in particular vehicle bodies.

The workpiece treatment system preferably comprises a combustion system according to the invention. The workpiece treatment system preferably further comprises a surface treatment device for treatment and / or processing, in particular for coating, painting, drying, etc., of workpieces, in particular vehicle bodies.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that exhaust gas from a treatment area of the workpiece treatment system can be supplied as oxidizer and / or as fuel to the incinerator.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that heat from the exhaust gas of the combustion device can be supplied to a treatment area of the workpiece treatment system.

In particular, it may be provided that an exhaust system of the workpiece treatment system, in particular a surface treatment device of the workpiece treatment system, opens into the oxidator supply of the incinerator. In this way, the existing in the exhaust gas from a treatment area of the workpiece treatment plant pollutants can be easily converted chemically and thus rendered harmless.

The incineration plant according to the invention and / or the workpiece treatment plant according to the invention are particularly suitable for carrying out a method for operating an incinerator.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method of operating an incinerator.

The invention is in this respect the task of providing a method for operating an incinerator, in which with a small technical effort solar radiation for reducing the required amount of fuel is available. This object is achieved by a method for operating a

An incinerator comprising:

Supplying fuel to a combustion device of the incinerator;

Supplying oxidizer to the combustor;

Discharging exhaust gas from the combustion device;

Heating a heat transfer medium by means of a solar thermal device using solar radiation;

Transfer of heat by means of one or more heat transfer from the heat transfer medium to the fuel, to the oxidizer and / or to the exhaust gas.

The method according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the incineration plant according to the invention and / or the workpiece treatment plant according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the heat transfer medium by means of solar thermal device is heated to at most about 500 ° C, in particular to at most about 400 ° C, before it to heat the fuel, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust gas to a heat exchanger or is supplied to the plurality of heat exchangers.

It may be advantageous if heat is transferred from the heat transfer medium to an additive medium which is supplied to the combustion device in addition to the fuel and the oxidizer.

The additive medium is especially water.

It may be favorable if the additive medium is combined with the fuel by means of a fuel feed and / or by means of an oxidizer feed and / or heated together with the oxidizer by means of the one heat exchanger or by means of the plurality of heat exchangers and then supplied to the combustion device.

It may be favorable if the additive medium is supplied in liquid form to the fuel feed and / or the oxidizer feed. When heating the additive medium by means of one heat exchanger or by means of the plurality of heat exchangers, the additive medium preferably evaporates.

The additive device for supplying additive medium is preferably an injection device, a sputtering device and / or an evaporation device.

Furthermore, the combustion installation according to the invention, the workpiece treatment installation according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention for operating a combustion installation can have one or more of the features and / or advantages described below:

Preferably, solar heat is used as the additional heat source.

In particular, it can be provided that the solar thermal device is integrated in existing heating systems, in particular in a thermal exhaust air purification and / or a micro gas turbine or is.

Through the use of an additive device, the area in which can be heated by the solar thermal device, d .h. the heating window to be enlarged. The efficiency of the incineration plant is thereby preferably increased.

By means of the solar thermal device, preferably heat in a temperature range above about 100 ° C can be used. In particular, this is Heat in a temperature range above the use temperature for hot water preparation, heating support or swimming pool heating.

Preferably, by means of the solar thermal device heat in a temperature range up to about 400 ° C can be used. This temperature range is far below the usual temperature ranges for solar thermal power plants for electricity generation (800 ° C and more).

However, it can also be provided that by means of the solar thermal device heat in a temperature range above about 400 ° C, in particular above about 800 ° C, is available.

Preferably, a process medium is preheated or preheated using solar energy.

Preferably, support is provided instead of complete substitution of fuel for operation of a process.

However, it may also be provided, for example, a temporary complete substitution of fuel for the operation of a process.

The combustion device preferably comprises a micro gas turbine. Such a micro gas turbine is in particular a power generation plant which can be operated both with gas and with liquid fuel. The generated or available thermal energy is preferably converted by means of such a micro gas turbine into a rotating movement, by means of which a generator device for generating electricity can be driven.

The resulting in a combustion chamber device of the combustion device exhaust gases, in particular flue gases, for example by means of a turbine device for converting the thermal energy into kinetic energy are expanded.

The exhaust gas from the combustion chamber device preferably has

Residual oxygen and a temperature between about 250 ° C and about 1000 ° C on.

An advantage of the gas turbine apparatus may be that the complete heat removal via the exhaust gas takes place at a high temperature level at a constant mass flow.

It may be favorable if the combustion device comprises a recuperator device. By means of such a recuperator device, thermal energy from the exhaust gas from the combustor device and / or from the turbine device may be utilized to preheat the oxidizer and / or fuel to be supplied to the combustor device, particularly before or after the oxidizer and / or fuel are compressed by a compression device. In this way, preferably, the required amount of fuel can be reduced and / or the efficiency, in particular the electrical efficiency, of the combustion device can be increased.

Preferably, a micro gas turbine in comparison to conventional industrial gas turbines and / or compared to gas engines in part-load operation due to recuperation only low efficiency losses.

It may be advantageous if the combustion device comprises a recuperative thermal exhaust air purification (TAR).

Such exhaust air purification preferably comprises a combustion chamber device, a burner and, in particular, integrated and / or regulated ble, heat exchanger (heat exchanger) for preheating exhaust air from a treatment area of the workpiece treatment system.

In particular, when the combustion device comprises a micro gas turbine, it may be provided that an electrical power of the combustion plant is at most about 1 MW, for example at most about 500 kW. Such an incinerator is particularly suitable for decentralized power supply and combined heat and power.

The solar thermal device may, for example, comprise a concentrating solar system for concentrating the solar radiation (solar collector).

The solar system may include, for example, Fresnel and / or parabolic collectors.

In the collectors, the heat transfer medium is preferably performed to heat the same.

In particular, when the solar thermal device comprises Fresnel panels, the solar thermal device is suitable for roof mounting, since due to the flat mirror arrangement of Fresnel collectors preferably very low wind loads occur.

It can be advantageous if the workpiece treatment system comprises a building or is arranged in and / or on a building. In particular, a surface treatment device of the workpiece treatment system is then preferably arranged within the building, while in particular the solar thermal device, at least the solar panels, on a roof of the building, on another building or otherwise spatially separated from the surface treatment plant. By means of the heat transfer medium, the solar heat, which is preferably captured on a roof of a building, can preferably be transferred to the combustion device arranged within the same or another building.

It may be favorable if the oxidizer and / or fuel to be supplied to the combustion device of the combustion device of the combustion system can be cooled by supplying an additive by means of the additive device, in particular downstream of a compression device. By means of a heat transfer device arranged downstream, a larger amount of heat can then be transferred to the mixture of fuel, oxidizer and / or additive to be supplied to the combustion chamber device and, preferably, finally to the turbine device at a predetermined temperature level of the heat transfer medium supplied to the heat transfer device. This allows more solar energy to be used to operate the incinerator.

For example, it can be provided that the temperature of supply air of a micro gas turbine downstream of the compression device (of the compressor) is about 220 ° C. By means of an additive device designed, for example, as a water injection, and the supply of the additive to the supply air, the temperature can be lowered, for example, by approximately 40 K to approximately 180 ° C. This has the advantage that the proportion of regeneratively supplied energy can be increased in the context of preheating, for example by about 30%. A heating window, i. The range in which the supply air for the combustion chamber device can be heated by means of the heated heat transfer medium can hereby be extended from initially approximately 220 ° C to, for example, approximately 360 ° C to approximately 180 ° C to approximately 360 ° C.

In particular, when water is used as the additive medium, the evaporation of the water can result in additional volume and thus additional be generated. The heat energy is converted into volume work.

An additive feed (additive device), in particular a water injection, can also have an advantageous effect on the pollutant emissions of the incinerator, for example by lowering the nitrogen oxides emitted.

Preferably, the preheating of the compressor outlet air (supply air downstream of the compression device) via a heat exchanger by means of the solar thermal device is accomplished.

The recuperator is preferably used to control the temperature of the exhaust gas from the combustor device downstream of the turbine device.

By separating preheating and recuperation preferably the required fuel can be reduced by the energy equivalent, which is supplied by means of preheating by means of the solar thermal device. In addition to saving fuel, this can offer the advantage that a high temperature level of the exhaust gas from the turbine device is maintained.

In particular, a combination of a micro gas turbine with solar preheating and constant (fixed) recuperation or variable (controllable) recuperation can be provided.

In particular, when a niederkaloriger fuel, such as biogas is used as fuel, it can be provided that by means of the solar thermal device, in particular by means of the heat transfer medium and the one or more heat exchangers, the fuel is heated. The incineration plant is preferably designed so that it can be operated both with and without solar preheating.

It can be advantageous if the incineration plant comprises a return, in particular a pure gas recirculation or exhaust gas recirculation.

This may be particularly advantageous when the amount of heat of the clean gas or exhaust gas required for a process is initially insufficient.

The clean gas recirculation or exhaust gas recirculation can enable the mass flow of the process exhaust air and thus of the clean gas or exhaust gas to be increased by the mass flow of the recirculated clean gas or exhaust gas. Thus, an additional heat flow with the temperature corresponding to the exit temperature downstream of the combustion device can be provided.

A mass flow delivered to the atmosphere, in particular exhaust gas mass flow, preferably remains constant, so that preferably also the heat energy emitted and thus the heat losses to the atmosphere remain unchanged.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the contribution of the solar energy (heat), which can be used, can be increased by means of a clean gas recirculation or exhaust gas recirculation. In particular, when the additional (recirculated) mass flow using the solar energy (heat) is additionally heated.

The incinerator according to the invention is suitable for use wherever there is a sufficiently high annual solar direct radiation (for example, DNI> 500 kWh / (m ² a), in particular DNI> 1,500 kWh / (m ² a)). Preferably, in this case a solar preheating in the middle process heat range (up to about 400 ° C) allows. Air, especially incoming air, may contain pollutants. Pollutants are, for example, substances which are delivered to the air guided through the treatment area in a treatment area of a workpiece treatment plant, for example in a painting area of a paint shop.

In particular, pollutants are thermally decomposable and / or thermally utilizable, for example combustible and / or oxidizable, substances which may not be released into the environment or only in a very small amount.

The combustion device preferably comprises a gas turbine device, in particular a micro gas turbine (micro gas turbine device), and / or a recuperative thermal exhaust air purification.

It may be advantageous if the incinerator comprises an absorption chiller.

By means of the absorption chiller, preferably, an oxidizer to be supplied by means of the oxidizer feed to the combustion device can be cooled.

It may be favorable if the absorption refrigerating machine for cooling the oxidizer to be supplied by means of the oxidizer feed of the combustion device is arranged upstream of a compression device of the combustion device with respect to a flow direction of the oxidizer. In this way, the compression device can preferably be supplied with an oxidant flow with increased mass flow.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the absorption refrigerating machine can be driven by means of the solar thermal device and / or can be operated by means of heat from the solar thermal device. In particular, it can be provided that a generator or expeller of the absorption chiller heat can be supplied from the solar thermal device, in particular to remove a refrigerant from an absorbent.

By means of the absorption chiller, preferably a solar cooling of the oxidizer to be supplied to the combustion device can be realized.

The absorption chiller can be configured in one or more stages.

In particular, when the combustor is used in regions of high average temperatures, the use of cooled oxidizer for delivery to the combustor, particularly for delivery to a compression device of the combustor, can increase the efficiency of the combustor and thus also the efficiency of the combustor.

For example, an electric power of a gas turbine apparatus, in particular a micro gas turbine, at an oxidator temperature of about 40 ° C may be 72 kW. With decreasing oxidator temperature, for example 30 ° C., 20 ° C. or even 10 ° C., there is preferably an increase in the electrical power to, for example, approximately 85 kW, 95 kW or 108 kW.

Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a workpiece treatment plant with a first embodiment of a combustion plant, which is designed as a thermal oxidation device Combustion device and two solar thermal devices comprises;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a combustion plant, which comprises a combustion device configured as a thermal oxidation device and a solar thermal device; FIG.

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment

an incinerator comprising a combustion apparatus configured as a gas turbine apparatus and a solar thermal apparatus; and

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of an incinerator comprising an absorption chiller for cooling an oxidizer flow.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

One in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a designated as a whole with 100 workpiece treatment system for treating and / or processing of workpieces 102 includes, for example, a surface treatment device 104 for treating and / or processing the workpieces 102, in particular for treating and / or editing vehicle bodies 106th

The surface treatment apparatus 104 may include, for example, a cleaning equipment (not shown) for cleaning the workpieces 102, a coating equipment (not shown) for coating the workpieces 102, and / or a drying plant 108 shown in FIG. 1 for drying the workpieces 102, especially for drying coated ones Workpieces 102, include. A coating installation may in particular be a pretreatment installation, for example for phosphating the workpieces 102, and / or a painting installation, in particular a spray painting installation and / or a dip painting installation, for painting the workpieces 102.

The drying installation 108 preferably comprises a conveying device (not illustrated) by means of which the workpieces 102 can be conveyed through various sections of the drying installation 108 in a conveying direction 110.

The drying installation 108 comprises in particular an inlet lock 112, a first heating zone 114, an intermediate lock 116, a second heating zone 118, a holding zone 120 and / or an outlet lock 122.

By means of the drying system 108, the workpieces 102 can thus be supplied via the inlet lock 112 of the first heating zone 114 and heated therein. Via the intermediate lock 116, the workpieces 102 can be conveyed into the second heating zone 118 and heated further there. After the second heating zone 118, the workpieces 102 reach the holding zone 120 by means of the conveying device. The workpieces 102 leave the drying system 108 via the outlet lock 122.

By heating the workpieces 102 in the drying system 108, these can be dried reliably.

The drying plant 108, in particular the first heating zone 114 and the second heating zone 118, requires a heat supply for the operation of the same.

For this purpose, a combustion system 124 is preferably provided. A first embodiment of such an incinerator 124 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a combustion device 126, which is designed, for example, as a thermal oxidation device 128.

The combustion device 126 comprises in particular a combustion chamber device 130 and a burner 132, which is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber device 130.

The combustor 124 further includes a fuel supply 134 for supplying fuel to the combustor 126, particularly for supplying fuel to the combustor 132.

Furthermore, the combustor 124 includes an oxidizer feed 136 for supplying oxidizer to the combustor 126, particularly for supplying oxidizer to the combustor 132.

The oxidizer is in particular atmospheric oxygen, so that the oxidizer feed 136 can be, for example, a supply air feed 138.

In particular, air from a treatment area 140 of the workpiece treatment installation 100, for example from the first heating zone 114, from the second heating zone 118 and / or from the holding zone 120 of the drying installation 108 or from a coating area of a coating installation, can be used as the supply air. In particular, when the air from the treatment area 140 contains thermally decomposable and / or thermally utilizable, for example combustible and / or oxidizable, constituents, it can be provided that these constituents are concentrated before the air is supplied as supply air.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that fresh air from an environment of the incinerator 124 is used as the supply air. Furthermore, as an alternative or in addition to this, provision may be made for exhaust gas recirculated from the incinerator 124 to be used as supply air.

The combustion system 124 further comprises an exhaust gas duct 142, by means of which exhaust gas from the combustion device 126, in particular exhaust gas from the combustion chamber device 130, can be discharged.

For efficient use of the heat generated during operation of the incinerator 124, at least one heat exchanger 144 is provided.

For example, a heat exchanger 144 is provided which thermally couples the Oxidator- supply 136 with the exhaust passage 142 so that heat from the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 is transferable to the oxidizer to be supplied to the combustion device 126.

This heat exchanger 144, and preferably also individual or all other of said heat exchanger 144, a bypass device 146 is assigned.

By means of a bypass device 146, preferably exhaust gas from the combustion device 126, in particular from the combustion chamber device 130, can be conducted past the heat transfer device 144. To control and / or regulate the amount of exhaust gas flow passed through the heat exchanger 144 and the exhaust gas flow past the heat exchanger 144, the bypass device 146 preferably includes one or more controllable and / or controllable valves 148.

In order to be able to transfer the heat contained in the exhaust gas of the combustion device 126 to the workpiece treatment system 100, in particular to the workpieces 102 arranged in the drying system 108, at least one further heat exchanger 144 is provided. The heat exchanger 144 thereby enables a thermal coupling of the exhaust gas guide 142 with a treatment region 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100, for example with the first heating zone 114, with the second heating zone 118 and / or with the holding zone 120 of the drying system 108.

By means of the at least one heat exchanger 144, heat can thus be transferred from the exhaust gas of the combustion device 126 to the at least one treatment region 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100 and thus to the workpieces 102.

The at least one further heat exchanger 144 is preferably part of a circulating air device 150.

The circulating air device 150 comprises a heat exchanger 144, a bypass device 146, a fan 152 and a circulating air guide 154.

By means of the circulating air guide 154 and the fan 152, air can be supplied from the treatment area 140 to the heat exchanger 144, heated therein, and supplied again to the treatment area 140. The heat contained in the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 is thus at least partially transferred to the air withdrawn from the treatment area 140 and to be re-supplied to the treatment area 140.

It may be favorable if a respective circulating air device 150 is assigned to a plurality of treatment areas 140.

Thus, in the embodiment of the workpiece treatment system 100 and the incinerator 124 shown in FIG. 1, it is provided that both the first heating zone 114 and the second heating zone 118 and the holding zone 120 of the drying system 108 are each assigned a circulating air device 150. To supply the workpiece treatment system 100, in particular the drying system 108, with fresh air, a fresh air device 156 is provided.

The fresh air device 156 comprises a fresh air feed 158 for the intake of fresh air, in particular from the surroundings of the workpiece treatment system 100.

The fresh air device 156 further includes a heat exchanger 144, by means of which the fresh air supply 158 and the exhaust gas guide 142 of the combustion system 124 are thermally coupled to each other.

By means of a bypass device 146 of the fresh air device 156, the amount of exhaust gas guided through the heat exchanger 144 of the fresh air device 156 and thus the amount of heat transferred from the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 to the fresh air conducted in the fresh air supply 158 can be controlled and / or regulated become.

The fresh air provided by means of the fresh air device 156 and preferably heated fresh air is preferably supplied to the workpiece treatment system 100, in particular the surface treatment device 104, by means of the fresh air supply 158.

In particular, fresh air is introduced into the inlet lock 112, into the intermediate lock 116 and / or into the outlet lock 122 of the drying installation 108 by means of the fresh air device 156.

In a further embodiment of the workpiece treatment system 100 and / or the incinerator 124, provision can be made for fresh air to be supplied to the combustion device 126 by means of the fresh air device 156. In the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of the workpiece treatment system 100 and / or the incinerator 124 is provided to supply the combustion device 126 with oxidant exhaust air discharge 160 for the removal of exhaust air from the workpiece treatment system 100, in particular from the surface treatment device 104.

In particular, exhaust air can be removed from a treatment area 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100 by means of the exhaust air discharge 160 and fed to the combustion device 126.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the incinerator 124 shown in FIG. 1, an exhaust gas recirculation 162 is provided, by means of which a portion of the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 can be fed again to the combustion device 126 via the oxidizer supply 136.

By means of the exhaust gas recirculation 162, preferably a part of the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 142 upstream and / or downstream of the fresh air device 156, in particular the Wärmeüberträgers 144 of the fresh air device 156, branched off from the exhaust passage 142 and again the combustion device 126th fed.

The exhaust gas recirculation 162 preferably comprises at least two valves 148, by means of which it is possible to control whether and how much exhaust gas is branched off from the exhaust gas guide 142 upstream of the fresh air device 156 or downstream of the fresh air device 156 and returned to the combustion device 126. As a result, the temperature of the recirculated exhaust gas can be influenced, since the temperature of the exhaust gas guided in the exhaust system 142 upstream of the fresh air device 156 due to the heat transfer occurring in the fresh air device 156. gangs on the fresh air is greater than the temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the fresh air device 156th

In particular, the extracted from a treatment area 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100 exhaust air may be polluting.

These pollutants are preferably rendered harmless by means of the combustion device 126, i. E. chemically converted, especially in carbon dioxide and water, when the pollutants are organic substances.

The exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 is therefore in particular purified exhaust air and is therefore also referred to as clean gas.

Exhaust gas recirculation 162 can thus also be referred to as pure gas recirculation 164.

Exclusively using the previously described components of the workpiece treatment system 100 and the incinerator 124, only fuel is used to generate heat.

However, the use of fuel is cost-intensive, so that a supplementary energy source, in particular a supplementary heat source, may be advantageous.

The incinerator 124 therefore preferably includes at least one solar thermal device 166.

The solar thermal device 166 preferably comprises one or more solar collectors 168, for example Fresnel collectors or parabolic collectors. By means of a solar collector 168 solar radiation can be directed to a heat transfer medium of the solar thermal device 166 to heat the heat transfer medium.

To use the solar heat obtained in this way, the solar thermal device 166 comprises a circuit 170 of the heat transfer medium, which thermally couples the solar collector 168 or the solar panels 168 of the solar thermal device 166 with a heat exchanger 144.

The heat exchanger 144, to which the heat transfer medium can be supplied, is thermally coupled, for example, with the oxidizer supply 136.

In this way, the heat obtained by the solar thermal device 166 using solar radiation can be transferred to the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer supply 136.

The heat exchanger 144 for transferring the solar heat to the oxidizer is disposed upstream of the combustor device 130 of the combustor 126 with respect to the flow direction of the oxidizer in the oxidizer feeder 136.

Preferably, the heat transferer 144 is disposed on the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer feed 136 upstream of the heat transfer 144 for transferring heat from the waste gas from the combustor 126 to the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer feed 136.

The oxidizer carried in the oxidizer feed 136 may thus be first heated using solar heat and then using the heat from the exhaust gas from the combustor 126 before the oxidizer is supplied to the combustor device 130, particularly the burner 132. By having the oxidizer at elevated temperature relative to conventional operation as it is supplied to the combustor 130, the amount of fuel needed to heat the exhaust from the combustor 126 may be reduced upon receipt of the desired temperature level of the exhaust.

Thus, by using the solar thermal device 166, the fuel demand of the combustor 124 can be reduced.

As an alternative or in addition to the described solar thermal device 166 for heating the oxidizer fed in the oxidizer feed 136, a solar thermal device 166 for heating the exhaust gas guided in the exhaust gas guide 142 (see FIG. 1) and / or for heating the fuel (not shown in FIG shown) may be provided.

The solar thermal device 166 for heating the exhaust gas and / or the solar thermal device 166 for heating the fuel substantially in construction and function of the described solar thermal device 166 for heating the oxidizer in the Oxidatorzuführung 136. It only has the heat transfer 144 for transmitting the solar heat instead of the Oxidatorzuführung 136 with the exhaust passage 142 and with the fuel supply 134 are thermally coupled.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the solar thermal device 166 for heating the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas guide 142, for example with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas between two recirculation devices 150, can be thermally coupled to the exhaust gas guide 142. In this way, the temperature level of the exhaust gas, which has been reduced by the use of the heat contained in the exhaust gas by means of the upstream air circulation device 150, can be raised again, so that Also the second recirculation device 150 exhaust gas can be supplied with a high temperature level.

For controlling and / or regulating the workpiece treatment system 100, in particular the incinerator 124, a control device 171 is provided.

The above-described workpiece processing system 100 and the incinerator 124 described above function as follows:

By means of the conveying device (not shown), workpieces 102, in particular painted vehicle bodies 106, are conveyed in the conveying direction 110 through at least one treatment region 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100. In particular, the workpieces 102 are conveyed through the first heating zone 114 and the second heating zone 118 as well as through the holding zone 120 of the drying system 108 of the surface treatment device 104. The workpieces 102 are heated and thereby dried reliably.

To provide the heat required for heating, a plurality of circulating air devices 150 are provided, by means of which air is taken from the treatment areas 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100, heated using heat from the exhaust gas of the combustion device 126 and supplied again to the treatment areas 140.

The high temperature of the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126 is made possible on the one hand by chemical conversion of fuel in the combustion chamber device 130 and on the other hand by the use of solar radiation by means of the solar thermal device 166. The combustion system 124 is particularly efficient in this case, in particular, when a large amount of solar heat is provided by means of the solar thermal device 166.

This solar heat is transferred by means of a heat transfer medium from the solar collectors 168 of the solar thermal devices 166 to the oxidizer in the Oxidatorzuführung 136 and / or to the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 142.

The amount of fuel required to operate the combustor 124 can thereby be reduced.

One in Fig. 2 illustrated second embodiment of an incinerator 124 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 essentially by the fact that, by way of example, only one circulating air device 150 and only one solar thermal device 166 are provided.

The solar thermal device 166 is the solar thermal device 166 of FIG. 1 for heating the guided in the Oxidatorzuführung 136 oxidizer.

The use of a solar thermal device 166 is illustrated by the following example:

Without the use of solar heat by means of the solar thermal device 166, the combustion device 126, for example, oxidizer, in particular exhaust air from a treatment area 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100, supplied at a temperature of about 180 ° C. For example, by transferring heat from the exhaust gas from the combustor 126 to the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer feed 136 via the heat exchanger 144, the oxidizer is heated to a temperature of about 440 ° C. By means of the burner 132 further heating to about 750 ° C is achieved using fuel. The exhaust gas from the combustor 126 flowing through the heat exchanger 144 cools to a temperature of about 460 ° C by the transfer of heat to the oxidizer.

For example, when using a solar thermal device 166 to preheat the oxidizer, the above values change as follows:

The exhaust air from a treatment area 140 of the workpiece treatment system 100, which for example has a temperature of 180 ° C, is preheated by means of the solar thermal device 166 and the associated heat exchanger 144, for example, to about 360 ° C. By further preheating in the heat exchanger 144 to transfer heat from the exhaust gas from the combustor 126 to the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer supply 136, a temperature of, for example, about 580 ° C. is obtained.

The combustor temperature (in particular, calorific combustor temperature) desired in the combustor apparatus 130 of approximately 750 ° C can be obtained because of the smaller temperature difference using a smaller amount of fuel. In particular, the amount of fuel required is reduced by that amount, which corresponds in terms of the releasable energy of the solar energy introduced.

Incidentally, the in Fig. 2 illustrated second embodiment of the incinerator 124 with respect to structure and function with the in Fig. 1, so that reference is made to the above description thereof. One in Fig. 3 illustrated third embodiment of an incinerator 124 differs from that shown in FIG. 1, essentially in that the combustion device 126 comprises a gas turbine device 172.

The gas turbine device 172 is in particular a micro gas turbine device which can be operated, for example, in a power range below 500 kW.

The gas turbine apparatus 172 includes a compression apparatus 174, a turbine apparatus 176, a generator apparatus 178, and a recuperator 180.

The compression device 174 serves to compress the fluids to be supplied to the combustion chamber device 130, in particular the oxidizer.

By means of the turbine device 176, the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber device 130 is dissipative for converting the energy contained therein into mechanical energy.

By means of the recuperator 180, which is designed as a heat exchanger 144, heat can be transferred from the exhaust gas guided in the exhaust gas guide 142 to the oxidizer guided in the oxidizer feed 136 and / or an additive (to be described later).

By means of the generator device 178, the mechanical energy generated by the turbine device 176 can be used to generate electricity.

The turbine device 176, the compression device 174, and the generator device 178 are preferably disposed on a common shaft 182. The mechanical energy generated by means of the turbine device 176 can thus be transmitted particularly easily to the generator device 178 for generating power and to the compression device 174 for compressing the oxidizer.

The combustion system 124 preferably includes an additive device 184, by means of which an additive can be supplied to the oxidizer, the fuel and / or the exhaust gas.

In the third embodiment of the incinerator 124 shown in FIG. 3, the additive device 184 is configured, for example, as a water injection 186 for injecting water into the oxidizer supply 136.

In particular, an additive which is substantially chemically inert in the combustion chamber device 130, i. preferably does not react chemically with the oxidizer and / or the fuel.

In particular, if the additive is water, by using an additive device 184, the oxidizer fed in the oxidizer feed 136, in particular exhaust air from a treatment area 140 of the workpiece treatment plant 100, can be cooled efficiently.

In particular, the so-cooled oxidizer together with the additive may be supplied to the heat transferer 144 for transferring solar heat to the oxidizer and / or the heat transfer 144 for transferring heat from the exhaust gas from the combustor 130 to the oxidizer. Due to the predetermined temperature level of the heat transfer medium of the solar thermal device 166 and / or due to the predetermined temperature level of the exhaust gas from the combustion device 126, in particular the combustion chamber device 130, can by pre-cooling the oxidizer by means of the additive, a temperature difference between the inlet and outlet temperature of the oxidizer in the heat exchanger 144 or the heat exchangers 144 can be increased.

In particular, this may increase the amount of solar heat provided by the solar thermal device 166 and transferred to the oxidizer and / or additive. This can result in a further fuel economy during operation of the combustor 124.

For example, it may be provided that the temperature of the oxidizer downstream of the compression device 174 is reduced from, for example, approximately 220 ° C. to approximately 180 ° C. by means of the additive device 184. The usable preheat window, which is between the temperature of the oxidizer and the temperature of the heat transfer medium of the solar thermal device 166, is thereby increased from, for example, 220 ° C to 360 ° C to, for example, about 180 ° C to 360 ° C. In particular, when the additive evaporates due to the heat absorption (during cooling of the oxidizer), an additional volume can be introduced, which can contribute to the increase in performance of the gas turbine device 172.

Incidentally, the in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment of the incinerator 124 with respect to structure and function with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, so that reference is made to the above description thereof in this regard.

A fourth embodiment of an incinerator 124 shown in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in FIG. 3, essentially in that the incinerator 124 includes an absorption chiller 188. The absorption chiller 188 is thermally coupled on the one hand to the solar thermal device 166 and on the other hand to the oxidizer feed 136, in particular the supply air feed 138.

Here, a heat exchanger 144 is provided, by means of which heat from the solar thermal device 166 on the absorption chiller 188 is transferable. In particular, heat from solar collectors 168 configured as Fresnel collectors can be transferred to the absorption chiller 188.

A refrigerant carried in the absorption chiller 188 may be expelled, in particular evaporated, from an absorbent of the absorption chiller 188 using this heat.

By means of a cooling device 190 of the absorption chiller 188, the in this case heated absorbent and / or the refrigerant can be cooled in order to allow a new heat absorption.

In particular, by means of the absorption chiller 188, heat can be withdrawn from an oxidizer stream to be supplied to the combustion apparatus 126, in particular supply air, in order to cool the oxidizer stream.

A heat exchanger 144 provided for thermal coupling of the absorption chiller 188 with the Oxidatorzuführung 136 is arranged upstream of the compression device 174 of the combustion device 126 with respect to the flow direction of the oxidizer.

By cooling the oxidizer before it is fed to the compression device 174, preferably the mass flow of the oxidizer supplied to the compression device 174 can be increased.

This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the combustion device 126 and thus also the efficiency of the entire combustion system 124. Incidentally, the in Fig. 4 with respect to structure and function with the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, so that reference is made to the above description thereof in this regard.

Claims

Patent claims

Incinerator (124), comprising

a combustion device (126) for chemically converting fuel and oxidizer;

a fuel supply (134) for supplying fuel to the combustion device (126);

an oxidizer supply (136) for supplying oxidizer to the combustion device (126);

an exhaust gas guide (142) for removing exhaust gas from the combustion device (126);

a solar thermal device (166), by means of which a heat transfer medium designed as thermal oil can be heated using solar radiation, the solar thermal device (166) comprising one or more Fresnel collectors; and one or more heat exchangers (144), by means of which heat can be transferred from the heat transfer medium to the fuel carried in the fuel supply (134), to the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer supply (136) and/or to the exhaust gas carried in the exhaust gas guide (142). is.

Combustion system (124) according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion device (126) comprises a gas turbine device (172), in particular a micro gas turbine, and / or a recuperative thermal exhaust air purification.

Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion system (124) comprises an additive device (184), by means of which an additive medium is added to the fuel supply (134), the oxidizer supply (136) and/or the exhaust gas duct (142 ) can be supplied.

4. Combustion system (124) according to claim 3, characterized in that the additive device (184) is arranged upstream of the one or more heat exchangers (144) with respect to a flow direction of the fuel and / or the oxidizer, by means of which heat is transferred from the heat transfer medium to the Fuel carried in the fuel supply (134) and/or can be transferred to the oxidizer carried in the oxidizer supply (136).

5. Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the combustion device (126) comprises a compression device (174) for compressing fuel and / or oxidizer.

6. Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the one heat exchanger (144) or the plurality of heat exchangers (144) with respect to a flow direction of the oxidizer and / or the fuel upstream of a combustion chamber device (130) of the combustion device ( 126) and/or are arranged downstream of a compression device (174) of the combustion device (126).

7. Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the one heat exchanger (144) or the plurality of heat exchangers (144) with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gas downstream of a combustion chamber device (130) of the combustion device (126) and / or are arranged downstream of a turbine device (176) of the combustion device (126).

8. Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is a liquid.

9. Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the combustion device (126) comprises a thermal oxidation device (128) for oxidizing pollutants and / or a gas turbine device (172).

10. Combustion system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that purified exhaust gas from the combustion device (126) can be fed to the combustion device (126) by means of the oxidizer feed (136).

11. Incineration system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the incineration system (124) comprises an absorption refrigeration machine (188) for cooling the oxidizer to be supplied to the combustion device (126) by means of the oxidizer feed (136).

12. Combustion system (124) according to claim 11, characterized in that the absorption refrigeration machine (188) can be driven by means of the solar thermal device (166) and / or can be operated by means of heat from the solar thermal device (166).

13. Workpiece treatment system (100) for treating and / or processing workpieces (102), comprising a surface treatment device (104) for drying workpieces (102) and an incineration system (124) according to one of claims 1 to 12.

14. Workpiece treatment system (100) according to claim 13, characterized

marked,

that exhaust gas from a treatment area (140) of the workpiece treatment system (100) can be fed to the combustion system (124) as an oxidizer and/or as fuel and/or

that heat from the exhaust gas of the combustion device (126) can be fed to a treatment area (140) of the workpiece treatment system (100).

15. Method for operating an incineration plant (124), comprising the following:

supplying fuel to a combustion device (126) of the combustion system (124);

supplying oxidizer to the combustion device (126); Discharging exhaust gas from the combustion device (126); Heating a heat transfer medium designed as thermal oil by means of one or more Fresnel collectors of a solar thermal device (166) using solar radiation;

Transferring heat by means of one or more heat exchangers (144) from the heat transfer medium to the fuel, to the oxidizer and/or to the exhaust gas.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that

Heat transfer medium is heated to a maximum of approximately 500 ° C by means of the solar thermal device (166) before it is fed to the one heat exchanger (144) or the several heat exchangers (144) to heat the fuel, the oxidizer and / or the exhaust gas.

17. The method according to any one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that heat is transferred from the heat transfer medium to an additive medium which is supplied to the combustion device (126) in addition to the fuel and the oxidizer.

Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the additive medium is supplied together with the fuel and/or by means of a fuel supply (134) and/or by means of an oxidizer supply (136). is heated together with the oxidizer by means of one heat exchanger (144) or by means of several heat exchangers (144) and then fed to the combustion device (126).

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the additive medium is supplied in liquid form to the fuel supply (134) and / or the oxidizer supply (136) and evaporates when heated by means of the one heat exchanger (144) or by means of the plurality of heat exchangers (144). .

20. The method according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the supply of the additive medium is controlled and / or regulated by means of a control device (171) depending on the intensity of the solar radiation and / or depending on the temperature of the heat transfer medium in such a way that at low intensity of solar radiation and/or low temperature of the heat transfer medium, a small amount of additive medium is supplied and that at high intensity of solar radiation and/or high temperature of the heat transfer medium, a large amount of additive medium is supplied.