EP2955474A1 - Wärmetauscher für nebelgenerator - Google Patents

Wärmetauscher für nebelgenerator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2955474A1
EP2955474A1 EP15171353.4A EP15171353A EP2955474A1 EP 2955474 A1 EP2955474 A1 EP 2955474A1 EP 15171353 A EP15171353 A EP 15171353A EP 2955474 A1 EP2955474 A1 EP 2955474A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
layers
fog
intermediate space
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15171353.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfons Vandoninck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bandit NV
Original Assignee
Bandit NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bandit NV filed Critical Bandit NV
Publication of EP2955474A1 publication Critical patent/EP2955474A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens

Definitions

  • a fog generator for security applications is normally based technically on the principle of evaporation of a glycol (the fog fluid).
  • An evaporated fog fluid is expelled by an output channel and nozzle into the "area to be fogged", and left to condense there under atmospheric pressure and room temperature directly into a sprayed aerosol-like fog. This fog obstructs vision and disorients the criminal.
  • the heat flow to the transfer surfaces of the evaporation channels/passages is mainly provided by thermal conduction.
  • the inlet to a heat exchanger is coupled to a fog fluid reservoir, whereby at the desired moment (fog emission) this fog fluid is injected by overpressure into the inlet of the heat exchanger.
  • the overpressure may be generated by:
  • a heat exchanger for heating fluids (e.g. for kettles, washing machines and coffee machines) is described for example in WO2007/037694 .
  • the fluid to be heated flows through a spiral channel (and hence not in the axial direction of the spiral windings).
  • Another embodiment in WO2007/037694 presented in figures 4a and 4b , contains a heating element with layers. The layers do not however have the same longitudinal axis.
  • the fog generation capacity (flow in ml/sec) of a heat exchanger depends greatly on the feed pressure of the fog fluid presented to its inlet, and its design.
  • the heat exchanger is provided with a channel or channels which are held at a high temperature ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the fog fluid is evaporated by driving it through the hot channel.
  • the rate of fog formation is crucial for fog generators for security applications.
  • Current innovations in the field are aimed at increasing the rate with which fog is generated (both the speed of the start of fog formation and the volume of fog which is emitted per second).
  • PCT/EP2013/078112 discloses a fog generator in which the fog fluid is expelled by means of gas generation from a pyrotechnic substance.
  • the fog fluid may also be expelled by a compressed/liquid propellant gas under high pressure (e.g. 80 bar).
  • a compressed/liquid propellant gas under high pressure e.g. 80 bar.
  • heat exchangers according to the prior art do not function optimally for such quasi-explosive injection of the fog fluid. Because the flow of fog fluid is up to 10x faster than in present devices, such heat exchangers cannot completely evaporate the fluid, usually because during the through-flow period of the fog fluid, not enough optimally transmittable Joules are available in the heat exchanger at the level of a heat transfer surface. Consequently, not only gas but also fog fluid is expelled via the outlet. Also, the heat flow via conduction has scarcely time to cover a distance (thermal gradient) of several millimetres due to the rapid through-flow of the fog fluid.
  • PCT/EP2013/078112 offers a solution thereto by proposing a plate heat exchanger with labyrinth design ( Fig. 2 ); this development allows a rapid transfer of heat but also forms a relatively high dynamic resistance (because of the relatively long distance to be covered by the fluid to be evaporated).
  • a pressure fall of 50 bar between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger is to be expected for a flow of 100 ml fog fluid per second.
  • this pressure fall in itself is not problematic, due to the high initial pressure (80 bar or higher), this heat exchanger still has a number of disadvantages.
  • Such a heat exchanger is complex to produce. The plates must be preformed and welded to each other individually.
  • the heat exchanger for gasification of a fog fluid in a fog generator comprises several layers with a common axis and an intermediate space between the layers, i.e. constructed such that the fog fluid flows axially through the intermediate space.
  • the term "common axis" as used here means in particular that several layers have the same longitudinal axis.
  • the layers are more specifically concentric layers.
  • the term "axial”, as used here, means in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  • the thickness of the layers is greater than the thickness of the intermediate space.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the intermediate space and the thickness of the layers is between 1:2 and 1:50.
  • the layers have a thickness between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.
  • the layers are constructed from a heat-retentive material.
  • the layers comprise a metal core, such as steel, iron, copper, aluminium or metal alloys.
  • the layers consist at least partly of a corrosion-resistant material.
  • corrosion can be avoided for example by applying a corrosion-resistant layer on a steel or copper layer, or the layers may consist partially or completely of stainless steel or ceramic or carbon-containing materials, in particular stainless steel.
  • the layers are preferably not hollow.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention preferably contains an inlet for the fog fluid at a first axial (longitudinal) end of the layers, and an outlet for gasified fog fluid at a second, opposite, axial (longitudinal) end.
  • One practical embodiment uses spacers which determine the intermediate space.
  • the spacers are attached to or form part of the layers.
  • the layers are situated in a container and the volume of the container is filled by the layers to more than 50%, in particular to more than 70%, more particularly to more than 80%.
  • the heat exchanger preferably also contains a distribution means.
  • the distribution means distributes/spreads the fog fluid over the section close to the inlet to the heat exchanger. Any type of distribution means may be used.
  • the inlet to the heat exchanger may thus be designed such that the incoming fluid is spread over several channels and/or a distribution plate may be provided in which holes ensure a uniform distribution. It is also possible e.g. to provide a layer of grains between which the fog fluid is distributed, and thus flows more homogeneously between the layers.
  • the collection means may help collect the formed gas in e.g. one outlet channel in the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention also comprises (inert) beads.
  • the (inert) beads may be made of any material as long as they are compatible with the pressure and temperature in the heat exchanger and with the contact with the fog fluid. They may for example be made of thermoresistant plastic, or ceramic or carbon -containing materials, or from materials which contribute further to the heat capacity of the heat exchanger such as e.g. metal. In a preferred embodiment, they consist of corrosion-resistant metal, such as stainless steel. In a preferred embodiment, the mean diameter of the beads is greater than the thickness of the intermediate space. The beads limit or prevent the passage of fog fluid through spaces other than the intermediate space, and thus ensure a more uniform heating of the fog fluid.
  • the layers consist of a plurality of tubes with a different internal volume.
  • the layers may consist of a plurality of cylindrical tubes with differing diameter.
  • the layers consist of spiral windings of a rolled (spiral) plate.
  • This embodiment also has the advantage that it is very simple to produce.
  • the present invention also concerns a method for production of such a heat exchanger, the method comprising:
  • the method also comprises the application of spacers to the plate before rolling in spiral shape.
  • the present invention provides a method for generating a dense opaque fog, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the present invention also provides a fog generator comprising a heat exchanger as described here. Furthermore, the present invention also provides a fog generator comprising a reservoir which contains a fog-generating fluid, and a heat exchanger according to one of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the reservoir for the fog-generating fluid may be incorporated in the fog generator, both replaceably and non-replaceably.
  • a fog generator according to the prior art ( FIG. 1 ) comprises a reservoir (A) with fog-generating fluid (B) therein.
  • This fluid is propelled e.g. by a pump or a propellant gas (C) to a heat exchanger (D) which consists of a channel(s) (E) surrounded by a heat-retaining material which is heated by a heating element (F).
  • a heat exchanger On flowing through the channel(s), the fluid is converted into its gaseous phase. In this way a dense fog is formed on expulsion of the gas, due to subsequent condensation thereof in the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 2 An improved heat exchanger which can better handle the high flows necessary for a higher rate of fog fluid gasification is presented in Fig. 2 ( PCT/EP2013/078112 ).
  • This also contains a reservoir (A) with a fog-generating fluid (B). This is propelled by gas generated after ignition of a pyrotechnic substance (H).
  • the heat exchanger (D) consists of a plurality of stacked plates (G). The plates have a passage (I). Due to the staggered arrangement of these passages, the fog fluid must pass through a "labyrinth". Thus the fluid comes into extended contact with practically the entire surface area of the hot plates, and is transformed into its gaseous form.
  • the heat exchanger from PCT/EP2013/078112 is characterised by the following data: around 70% of the internal space is filled by the plates (193 ml plates to 82 ml free volume) and a contact area between the plates and the through-flowing fluid is around 11 dm 2 (area available for heat exchange).
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show a specific embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention (1).
  • the heat exchanger (1) comprises several layers (2) with the same longitudinal axis (12) and an intermediate space (3) between the layers.
  • the heat exchanger comprises an inlet (4) for the fog fluid and an outlet (5) for the gasified fog fluid.
  • the layers consist of a temperature-retaining material, e.g. metal. By bringing these to a high temperature (above the boiling point of the fog fluid, e.g. 250 °C), the fog fluid will gasify when it flows from the inlet (4) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (axially) through the intermediate space to the outlet (5).
  • the thickness of the layers is greater than the thickness of the intermediate space.
  • the ratio between the thickness of the intermediate space and the thickness of the layers is between 1:2 and 1:50, in particular between 1:3 and 1:30, more particularly between 1:4 and 1:20.
  • the ratio between the thickness of the intermediate space and thickness of the layers is around 1:10.
  • the layers preferably have a thickness of less than 5 mm, in particular less than 3 mm, more particularly less than 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the layer is 0.1 mm or greater, in particular greater than 0.2 mm.
  • the layers have a thickness between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.
  • the thickness of the intermediate space is preferably less than 1 mm, in particular less than 0.5 mm, more particularly less than 0.3 mm. In a particular embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate space is around 0.05 mm. In a particular embodiment, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises at least 5 layers, in particular at least 10 layers, more particularly at least 15 layers. Preferably, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises at least 20 layers.
  • One of the advantages of the heat exchanger according to the invention is a high filling ratio (large quantity of heat-retaining material per internal volume of the container) coupled with a very large surface area for heat exchange, and at the same time a low dynamic pressure fall.
  • the weight of the central rod is:
  • the clearance section of the intermediate space is 182.15 mm 2 (3,843 mm * 0.5 mm), which corresponds to an (empty) tube of 15.6 mm.
  • the viscous through-flow resistance will be greater but the dynamic pressure fall at a flow of 70 ml/sec remains negligible.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention allows, in a simple manner, a very high fill ratio and a particularly large area for heat exchange.
  • the layers consist of a plurality of tubes with differing internal volume.
  • the layers consist of the spiral windings of a spiral plate.
  • a plate can be rolled into a spiral shape and inserted in a housing.
  • the heat exchanger with a spiral-shaped plate is the preferred embodiment.
  • the simplest method of production is to choose a metal plate with a high elasticity value (e.g. spring steel) as a material for rolling.
  • the plate is rolled up tightly and inserted in the container (7) which has a slightly larger diameter than the diameter of the rolled plate. After insertion, the spiral will unwind slightly, whereby an even intermediate space is produced between the spiral windings of the plate.
  • fix the plate additionally by e.g. welding this to a fixing means at one or both longitudinal (axial) ends of the spiral plate, or by filling with a porous (liquid- and gas-permeable) permanent filling means such as small beads.
  • the thickness of the intermediate space is determined by spacers (8).
  • the spacers are attached to or form part of the layers.
  • spacers may be fitted to the pipes or to a plate which is wound into a spiral shape.
  • the spacers allow the thickness of the intermediate space to be determined very precisely and evenly, and may serve to fix the layers relative to each other. It is possible to use removable spacers to position the layers relative to each other during production, and then remove the spacers.
  • spacers may be attached e.g. with a solvent-soluble glue. After the layers have been fixed relative to each other with a fixing means at one or both axial ends of the layers, the spacers may be removed using a solvent which dissolves the glue. Preferably, the spacers however remain in the heat exchanger.
  • any method may be used for applying spacers in or on the layers, as long as the spacers leave sufficient clear intermediate space to allow the axial through-flow of the fog fluid.
  • particles e.g. a single layer of beads
  • the particles may be glued into a pattern with sufficient space for through-flow, or the particles may be applied over the entire layer and then removed or dissolved e.g. after fixing of the layers.
  • a preferred embodiment in terms of simplicity, accuracy and cost, is the application of spacers in a pattern on the layers (see fig. 5 ).
  • the pattern is formed so that no rectilinear (axial) fluid flow is possible in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  • the fluid flow through the intermediate space is then disrupted into a divided and/or meandering through-flow, which benefits the exchange of heat.
  • the spacers may be applied in various ways.
  • Spacers may for example consists of metal, for example by the use of (e.g. self-adhesive) metal film. It is beneficial for production in this case to use prepunched self-adhesive metal film which itself adheres to a film carrier. By pressing the film carrier with the adhesive metal film onto the layers (e.g. tubes or plate), the punched spacers remain attached to the layers in the desired pattern.
  • a stainless steel film may be used with the desired thickness (e.g. 0.05 mm). This production process can easily be automated, in particular if a plate is used which is rolled into a spiral shape.
  • the spacers may be applied to the plate by passing the metal film on its carrier together with the plate through a pressure roller. In this way the spacers are applied in the desired pattern before or during the rolling of the plate into the spiral shape.
  • the thickness of the spacers determines the thickness of the intermediate space between the layers (in this case, the spiral windings of the plate).
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross-section through a number of layers (2) on which spacers (8) are applied which determine the thickness of the intermediate space (3).
  • the spacers form part of the layers.
  • the layers may for example be formed to create the spacers. Protrusions or ribs created in the surface prevent the layers from lying too closely together.
  • the thickness of the protrusions (spacers) determines the thickness of the intermediate space.
  • the layers may for example be pressed through at various places to create such spacers, as shown for example in fig. 7 .
  • An alternative possibility is to emboss the layers to create spacers, as shown in fig. 8 . Embossing can be achieved by passing the plate for example between two rollers, of which at least one roller has an embossing profile, whereby the material is pressed away from the layer following the profile of the roller.
  • the heat exchanger can be produced simply with nonetheless a very precise and uniform thickness of the intermediate space.
  • a small thickness of the intermediate space ensures that the fog fluid transforms well into its gaseous form. Nonetheless, during production, non-optimum spaces (9) may occur which have a greater thickness than the thickness of the (optimum) intermediate space.
  • this plate may e.g. not connect perfectly to the container and/or an internal rod.
  • the tube with the smallest internal volume may still have a greater section than the intermediate space between two tubes.
  • the heat exchanger is not carefully produced (e.g.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can be improved further very simply and cheaply, so that even when produced with imperfections, the heat exchanger may function perfectly well without the formation of cold channels.
  • (inert) beads (11) may be introduced.
  • these have a diameter which is so large that they cannot enter the (perfectly formed) intermediate space but can enter the larger spaces (so-called "non-optimum spaces").
  • the beats constrict the non-optimum spaces and prevent these from forming channels with a different large flow, known as "cold channels", while keeping the (perfectly formed) intermediate spaces totally clear for the passage of fog fluid.
  • "optimum spaces” are intermediate spaces with the desired thickness (e.g. the thickness of uniform spacers).
  • “Non-optimum spaces” are spaces with a greater thickness.
  • a particularly practical method for producing the heat exchanger according to the invention is that, after insertion of the layers in the container (e.g. a cylindrical tube (7) as shown in Fig. 3 and 4 ), small beads are scattered on the top. By vibrating the assembly for example, the beads fall into all spaces in which they fit. In particular, the diameter of the beats is selected such that they are larger than the thickness of the (optimum) intermediate spaces. In other words, a relatively minimum diameter of the filling beads is taken into account in the design choice concerning the intermediate spaces.
  • the invention therefore allows, in a simple manner, very precise setting of channel parameters. If the desired thickness of the intermediate space is e.g. 0.05 mm (e.g. by use of spacers with this thickness), beads of e.g. 0.06 mm can be used. In this way, all spaces with the thickness of 0.06 mm or greater are filled by the beads, and only spaces with the desired thickness of less than 0.06 mm remain.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention also comprises a filtering means to prevent the outflow of beads from the container.
  • a filtering means may be located in the vicinity of the outlet and/or inlet.
  • the filtering means may be the same as or different from the distribution means.
  • One example is the use of a mesh gauze (10a and 10b) above and/or below the container.
  • the beads (11) may be selected from a material which may or may not contribute to the heat capacity of the heat exchanger.
  • the material of the beads is a material which contributes to the heat capacity, such as metal beads.
  • the beads may take any form, but in a particular embodiment they are substantially spherical.
  • the beads preferably comprise at least partially a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the beads consist of stainless steel.
  • the beads have a metal core which is surrounded by a corrosion-resistant layer.
  • the longitudinal axis (12) of the heat exchanger according to the invention may also comprise a heat-resistant material, but this is not essential.
  • the spiral windings may extend from the longitudinal axial line (12) radially towards the outside, or they may extend from a distance from this longitudinal axis radially towards the outside. The latter is shown for example in figs. 3 and 4 , wherein a central rod is shown. The spiral windings start from the peripheral diameter of the central rod and run radially towards the outside.
  • the innermost tube may have such a small diameter that the through-flow is the same as in the mean intermediate space.
  • the central rod may be hollow or solid. If it is solid, it preferably consists of a heat-retaining material such as metal, and/or a phase-changing material as described in EP2259004 . If it is hollow, it may be filled with (inert) beads or the heat exchanger may be constructed such that no fog fluid can flow through the hollow space.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises a heating element on the longitudinal axis of the layers. In a further embodiment, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises a heating element surrounded by the plurality of layers. This heating element is preferably located centrally.
  • the present invention thus also provides a heat exchanger (1) for the gasification of fog fluid in a fog generator, the heat exchanger comprising a heating element surrounded by a plurality of layers (2) with the same longitudinal axis (12) and an intermediate space (3) between the layers, constructed such that the fog fluid flows through the intermediate space in the direction of the longitudinal axis (axially).
  • the present invention also provides a method for the production of a heat exchanger as described here, the method comprising:
  • the method may furthermore comprise the application of spacers to the plate before the plate is rolled.
  • the method may comprise the addition of beads after the spiral-shaped plate has been inserted in the housing.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly simple to produce and requires no welding of the material which ensures the heat storage and transfer. In addition, it may be produced in a cheap manner with good corrosion resistance.
  • for creating the layers for example stainless steel plate material may be used. This material is easy to use and cheap. If beads are used, particularly little material is required (a few grammes per heat exchanger). Furthermore, stainless steel beads of e.g. 0.06 mm are particularly cheap to purchase.
  • the heat exchanger also allows particularly rapid gasification of a quantity of fog fluid injected under a very high pressure, thanks to its large heat exchange surface area relative to its weight and structural volume.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP15171353.4A 2014-06-13 2015-06-10 Wärmetauscher für nebelgenerator Withdrawn EP2955474A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2014/0449A BE1021942B1 (nl) 2014-06-13 2014-06-13 Warmtewisselaar voor mistgenerator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2955474A1 true EP2955474A1 (de) 2015-12-16

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EP15171353.4A Withdrawn EP2955474A1 (de) 2014-06-13 2015-06-10 Wärmetauscher für nebelgenerator

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BE (1) BE1021942B1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201700105423A1 (it) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-21 Ur Fog S R L Dispositivo nebbiogeno
WO2018104863A1 (fr) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-14 Chau Michel Appareil générateur d'effets visuels tridimensionnels, et dispositif générateur de fumée pour un tel appareil
BE1025284B1 (nl) * 2018-01-11 2019-01-11 Bandit Nv Warmtewisselaar voor mistgenerator
IT202100009377A1 (it) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-14 Leonardo Holding S R L Scambiatore di calore o caldaia perfezionato

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR912082A (fr) * 1939-01-27 1946-07-30 Pont A Mousson Fond Procédé perfectionné pour la production de fumées et appareil fumigène en comportant application
US4990290A (en) * 1989-05-08 1991-02-05 Gill James G Diffusion fogger
GB2245962A (en) * 1990-05-03 1992-01-15 Le Maitre Lighting And Effects Apparatus for heating fluid
US20040252986A1 (en) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-16 Hitoshi Ito Electrical heater, heating heat exchanger and vehicle air conditioner
CN2715094Y (zh) * 2004-06-11 2005-08-03 樊邦弘 一种铸造式烟雾机发雾器
WO2007037694A1 (en) 2005-08-24 2007-04-05 Ferro Techniek Holding B.V. Device and method for heating liquids
EP1985962A1 (de) 2007-04-27 2008-10-29 Bandit NV Nebelgenerator
EP2259004A1 (de) 2009-06-02 2010-12-08 Bandit NV Nebelerzeuger mit einem verbesserten Wärmetauscher

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR912082A (fr) * 1939-01-27 1946-07-30 Pont A Mousson Fond Procédé perfectionné pour la production de fumées et appareil fumigène en comportant application
US4990290A (en) * 1989-05-08 1991-02-05 Gill James G Diffusion fogger
GB2245962A (en) * 1990-05-03 1992-01-15 Le Maitre Lighting And Effects Apparatus for heating fluid
US20040252986A1 (en) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-16 Hitoshi Ito Electrical heater, heating heat exchanger and vehicle air conditioner
CN2715094Y (zh) * 2004-06-11 2005-08-03 樊邦弘 一种铸造式烟雾机发雾器
WO2007037694A1 (en) 2005-08-24 2007-04-05 Ferro Techniek Holding B.V. Device and method for heating liquids
EP1985962A1 (de) 2007-04-27 2008-10-29 Bandit NV Nebelgenerator
EP2259004A1 (de) 2009-06-02 2010-12-08 Bandit NV Nebelerzeuger mit einem verbesserten Wärmetauscher

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018104863A1 (fr) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-14 Chau Michel Appareil générateur d'effets visuels tridimensionnels, et dispositif générateur de fumée pour un tel appareil
KR20190104332A (ko) * 2016-12-06 2019-09-09 루스 응우옌 3차원 시각 효과 발생 장치 및 이러한 장치를 위한 연기 발생 기구
CN110520203A (zh) * 2016-12-06 2019-11-29 露克·阮 用于产生三维视觉效果的装置，和用于这种装置的烟雾发生器设备
JP2020513964A (ja) * 2016-12-06 2020-05-21 グエン，リュック ３ｄ視覚効果を生成するための機器およびそのような機器用の発煙装置
CN110520203B (zh) * 2016-12-06 2022-01-07 露克·阮 用于产生三维视觉效果的装置，和用于这种装置的烟雾发生器设备
US11478723B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2022-10-25 Michel Chau Apparatus for generating three-dimensional visual effects, and smoke-generating device for such an apparatus
IT201700105423A1 (it) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-21 Ur Fog S R L Dispositivo nebbiogeno
WO2019058400A1 (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-03-28 Ur Fog S.R.L. FOG GENERATING DEVICE
US11060825B2 (en) 2017-09-21 2021-07-13 Ur Fog S.R.L. Fog-generating device
BE1025284B1 (nl) * 2018-01-11 2019-01-11 Bandit Nv Warmtewisselaar voor mistgenerator
IT202100009377A1 (it) * 2021-04-14 2022-10-14 Leonardo Holding S R L Scambiatore di calore o caldaia perfezionato

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