EP2954268A1 - Dispositif de prélèvement d'énergie géothermique - Google Patents

Dispositif de prélèvement d'énergie géothermique

Info

Publication number
EP2954268A1
EP2954268A1 EP14710786.6A EP14710786A EP2954268A1 EP 2954268 A1 EP2954268 A1 EP 2954268A1 EP 14710786 A EP14710786 A EP 14710786A EP 2954268 A1 EP2954268 A1 EP 2954268A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
container
borehole
heat
filling material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14710786.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Heller
Catalin Teodoriu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heller Klaus
SCHMID, BEAT
Teodoriu Catalin
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2954268A1 publication Critical patent/EP2954268A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for obtaining geothermal heat from a wellbore having a wellhead and a bottom, comprising a conveyor, whereby a medium from the wellhead to the wellbore and from the wellbore to the Bohr! Ochkopf can be conveyed. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for obtaining geothermal heat. State of the art
  • EP 2 189 731 A1 shows such a geothermal probe.
  • the apparatus comprises a downwardly directed conveyor tube which leads into a container in the ground and an upwardly directed conveyor tube, whereby a closed circuit for a medium (for example water) is formed.
  • the device may be operated by natural circulation or alternatively by a pump.
  • DE 30 29 900 A1 relates to a heat exchanger for the use of geothermal energy, with a introduced in a borehole boiler, which is thermostatically controlled by a valve or filled according to the lint principle.
  • the boiler is filled via a downpipe, while the forming steam is discharged upwards via an insulated riser pipe.
  • the known devices for the production of geothermal energy have the disadvantage that they have a too low efficiency respectively generate too low heat output respectively electrical power.
  • the device further comprises a filling material introduced into the drilling base, with which heat, preferably via a container, in particular via a vapor pressure vessel, can be transferred to the medium.
  • a transport medium conveys medium from the wellhead to the wellbore and then from the wellbore to the wellhead, transferring heat from a fill material buried in the wellbore to the medium.
  • the filler material is preferably a bulk material or a flowable solid.
  • heat pipes or heat pipes can be used for heat transfer to the container.
  • a heat exchanger With such a heat exchanger, a high heat flux density is made possible from the environment to the container.
  • the specific embodiment of such heat pipes is well known to the skilled person.
  • the wellhead refers to the entry of the borehole at the surface of the terrain or the mouth of the borehole.
  • the filling material preferably has a high thermal conductivity coefficient and / or a high specific heat capacity.
  • the high coefficient of thermal conductivity an efficient heat transfer to the medium, respectively via the vapor pressure vessel to the medium is achieved. Due to the high specific heat capacity, a high heat transfer capacity is achieved.
  • the filler material can also stabilize and support the wellbore, especially during heat recovery operation.
  • the term "drilling" is understood to mean at least one borehole in the soil or rock, which protrudes into a depth in which there is an elevated temperature relative to the surface. A hole does not necessarily have to be vertical, but can also have an angle of up to 90 ° to the horizontal.
  • the bore diameter can be sized differently and adapted to the circumstances.
  • a diameter may for example be between a few centimeters, for example between 10 and 30 cm, up to a meter or more. It is also possible that a bore does not have a single diameter, but several. For example, the bore diameter may continuously decrease from the beginning of the bore to the wellhead, that is, at the lowest point of the bore.
  • the conveyor ensures the transport of media.
  • the conveyor serves to convey the medium from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, where the medium is warmed or vaporized via the filler. Subsequently, the heated or vaporized medium is transported via the conveyor back to the wellhead, where the heat energy of the medium is used.
  • the usage can be manifold. Depending on the amount of heat can thus be operated a turbine for electricity production.
  • the heat energy can also be used directly, or via a heat exchanger, to heat buildings or to heat water. The person skilled in the art is familiar with further fields of application.
  • the conveyor need not necessarily have a drive, such as an electric motor or the like. It is also conceivable that the transport of the medium is achieved for example by a density difference between the cold medium and the heated medium. Likewise, the conveyor does not necessarily have a pipeline. In one embodiment, for example, only two separate holes may be provided, wherein in the bottom of a filling material is embedded. The medium is then guided into the first borehole and passes, for example in vapor form, back through the second borehole back to the surface. In a method for producing a device for obtaining geothermal heat, a filling material is introduced into a bore, with which heat from the filling material can be transferred to a medium.
  • the medium may be in direct contact with the filler material.
  • the filling material is preferably porous or is present as bulk material, so that a the largest possible surface is obtained, which allows a correspondingly large heat transfer with the medium.
  • the medium is preferably water. Water has several advantages, namely the high specific heat capacity, the high heat of vaporization and low viscosity at a relatively high boiling point. Due to its environmental compatibility, water can also be used in open circuits.
  • the medium is guided in a closed circuit.
  • contamination of the bottom but also of the medium can be avoided.
  • a largely free choice of the medium is achieved because the medium does not come into contact with the soil.
  • oils such as mineral oils, synthetic oils or biological oils and other media known to those skilled in the art, which are suitable as heat transfer, are used.
  • additives such as antifreeze, salts to lower the freezing point, etc.
  • the device preferably comprises a container having a container wall, a medium inlet and a medium outlet, wherein the container wall is in heat-conducting connection with the filling material and the medium inlet and the medium outlet are connected to the conveying device in a medium-conducting manner.
  • a container having a medium inlet and a medium outlet is embedded in heat-conducting contact in the filling material.
  • the container is preferably first placed in the region of the bottom of the well, in order subsequently to introduce the filling material.
  • the filling material can first be entered in order to then position the container.
  • the medium to be heated is fed into the container.
  • the medium is heated and then passes through the medium outlet again from the container.
  • the filling material does not necessarily have to be porous or have intermediate spaces, but may also be made compact, with which the heat conduction can be further increased.
  • Gaps or pores can but also be filled with a, preferably thermally conductive, medium, so that not necessarily a compact Gremateria! must be provided.
  • the medium is conveyed by the wellhead into a container located at the bottom of the well and then conveyed from the container to the wellhead, wherein the heat is transferred from the filler material via a container wall of the container to the medium.
  • the medium With which the medium can be chosen freely.
  • the medium can also be protected against contamination, with which, for example, corrosion of the device or blockages and damage can be avoided.
  • the container can also be a supply line and a derivative of the medium in the area of the bottom hole U-shaped connected.
  • the supply line in the region of the bottom of the well can also be spirally guided in order to increase the surface area for the heat exchange and to increase the time of the medium in the warm region of the bore.
  • the conveyor comprises a downcomer and a riser, wherein the downcomer is connected medium leading to the medium inlet and wherein the riser is connected medium leading to the medium outlet, wherein preferably the downpipe and the riser are coaxially guided.
  • the downpipe can be fed either via a pump with the medium, or only on the weight of the medium itself.
  • the medium can either only be heated or evaporated.
  • a pump for feeding the downpipe can still be provided to support respectively for better regulation.
  • a pump may be provided at the end of the riser, which favor or regulate the return of the steam or the heated medium can.
  • This may optionally be designed as a vapor pump.
  • the riser is preferably thermally insulated, so that a heat loss during the transport of the steam or the heated medium kept as low as possible and the highest possible heat yield can be achieved. Sufficient possibilities are known to the person skilled in the art for isolation, such as, for example, a double jacket, an insulation coating made of a fiber material, a thermal insulation foam such as rock wool, glass wool, polystyrene and / or vacuum, etc.
  • the downpipe and the riser pipe can be coaxial be guided. In variants can be dispensed with the downpipe.
  • the container can be supplied with the medium by flooding the borehole with the medium, so that the medium can penetrate into the container through the hydrostatic pressure via a valve.
  • the riser pipe and the downpipe do not necessarily have to be guided coaxially.
  • the downpipe includes a pipe extension, it may be advantageous for structural reasons, if the downpipe and the riser are not guided coaxially.
  • the downpipe preferably comprises a tube extension located inside the container, which in particular in the region of a wellhead comprises a deflection for the distribution of the medium.
  • the medium can be guided more targeted in the container.
  • the medium can absorb heat distributed over the entire container. It should in particular be prevented that the container overheats at a lower end, so that the medium entered evaporates too early and does not reach the lower end of the container.
  • the distribution of the medium in the container can be further optimized. Furthermore, this means that the medium input is separated locally from the medium outlet, so that the residence time of the medium in the container can be increased.
  • the deflection can be formed, for example, as lying transverse to the opening plate on which the medium jet impinges perpendicularly and so can be deflected by an angle of, for example, about 90 ° or more. This deflection can also be such that the medium is at least partially atomized.
  • the baffle but can also be designed as a simple pipe bend in the end region of the pipe extension.
  • the deflection can also be dispensed with.
  • the tube extension comprises a pressure reducing valve.
  • the medium inlet can be regulated in the container.
  • the pressure reducing valve can be set fixed or else be variably controllable.
  • the pressure reducing valve or one of the pressure reducing valves can be arranged at the beginning of the pipe extension respectively at the end of the downpipe in the region of entry into the container. Further, this, or another, pressure reducing valve may also be attached to the end of the pipe extension.
  • Such pressure reducing valves are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the pressure reducing valve can also be dispensed with.
  • the tube extension may have a smaller inner diameter or be equipped with baffles, which reduce the flow rate of the medium.
  • the tube extension comprises a plurality of openings through which the medium in the container can be distributed. These openings are preferably distributed over the length of the tube extension.
  • the opening diameter can be varied so that the most uniform possible entry of the medium in the container is possible.
  • the tube extension can thus be closed in a lower region, so that the medium emerges exclusively through the openings in the tube jacket of the tube extension.
  • the tube extension can also have a taper at the lower end, whereby a backwater for the openings is achieved.
  • the openings in the tube extension can also be dispensed with, in particular if the container is not too long.
  • the openings in the edge region on a reinforcement which includes in particular artificial gems.
  • a reinforcement which includes in particular artificial gems.
  • the openings are preferably reinforced so that they can withstand the medium flow unscathed.
  • Such reinforcement can be achieved by shaping and / or the choice of material.
  • the openings are taken with artificial gemstones, since they have a particularly high hardness and yet are relatively inexpensive.
  • other materials such as specially hardened metal alloys and the like, may be used, with either the tube extension or just the areas around the openings being provided with the material. Depending on the operating pressure of the medium and / or the material of the tube extension can be dispensed with the gain of the openings.
  • the filler has a thermal conductivity of more than 10 W / m * K, preferably more than 40 W / m * K on.
  • the heat conduction for example, against a transmission via an air gap between the medium and the environment, be optimized.
  • W / m * K is, for example, high-alloy austenitic steel with about 15 W / m * K, titanium with 22 W / m * K and certain titanium alloys. This has the advantage that it is resistant to corrosion.
  • unalloyed or low-alloy steel 40-50 W / m * K
  • iron 80 W / m * K
  • carbon 120-160 W / m * K
  • suitable materials for the filling material Preferably, they are inert materials, which are inexpensive and environmentally friendly and are characterized by a good thermal conductivity.
  • a lower thermal conductivity can be accepted if, for example, an inserted container is sufficiently large, so that the desired performance can still be achieved.
  • calcium carbonate (calcite) or silica with a thermal conductivity of more than 1 W / m * K (water is just half) can be used.
  • the filler material comprises metal, in particular metal balls. The spherical shape is preferred because it can minimize the risk of jamming when entering the wellbore.
  • Metal as the material for the filler is also to be preferred, since it can be filled very compactly between the well and container due to the high density.
  • metals are characterized by a high thermal conductivity.
  • other substances can also be used as filling material.
  • the materials can also be entered in other shapes or aggregate states in the spaces between the container and the wellbore.
  • the filler material preferably comprises steel balls, preferably with a diameter of between 0.5 and 5 mm, in particular between 1 and 3 mm.
  • steel balls in particular made of low alloy steel, are preferable because they do not rust and yet have a fairly high thermal conductivity. Due to the relatively small diameter of the steel balls, a flowable bulk material is achieved, which is particularly easy to get into the spaces between the container and the borehole. Small balls are particularly preferable, since the heat conduction can be further improved.
  • the steel balls may also deviate in diameter from the above information, in particular, a steel powder with a particle size smaller than 0.5 mm or a mixture of steel balls of different diameters can be used.
  • a hole is made in a depth where a temperature of about 300 ° C prevails.
  • the drilling depth depends on the thermal gradient, depending on the drilling ground or the region where the drilling should take place. In the case of a large thermal gradient, that is to say when the temperature per meter of drilling depth increases sharply, the drilling depth can be lower than in the case of a drilling ground in which the temperature per meter of drilling depth increases less sharply.
  • the temperature at the bottom of the well is preferably between 350 ° C and 500 ° C. Depending on the bottom of the hole, this temperature can be reached even at shallower depths.
  • the temperature may be lower, for example between 200 ° C and 300 ° C. This depends on the purpose of the geothermal energy. If only a heating, a thermal bath or the like to be fed, even lower temperatures may be sufficient, so that typically the drilling depth can be chosen lower. Preferably, however, an optimal energy yield is sought.
  • the device can be operationally suitable even at shallower depths. This depends not least on the desired performance of the device. Thus, a drilling depth of 5 to 7 km or even between 1 and 5 km may be sufficient. If the method, or the device used for example in a volcanic area, the drilling depth can also be much lower. On the other hand, the drilling depth can be greater than 7 km.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a device for obtaining geothermal heat of a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a container of a second
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for obtaining geothermal heat of a first embodiment.
  • a device 50 in the region of the wellhead, which comprises a heat exchanger, a steam dryer and a generator, medium leading.
  • the resulting between the bottom 2 and the container 10 gap is presently filled with a filler 40, which is present as steel balls with a diameter from about 0.5 mm. For an optimal heat transfer between the bottom 2 and the container 10 is achieved.
  • Drilling ground 2 is less than 5 km below the surface of the earth, with an elevated temperature of over 300 ° C at the bottom of the well.
  • the present embodiment comprises a container 10 having a length of 200 m or more with a diameter of over 15 cm.
  • the container 10 is thus formed substantially as a tube with an enlarged inner diameter.
  • the heat carrier water is used in the present embodiment.
  • the water passes through the hydrostatic pressure independently, that is without additional drive by pumps or the like, via the provided with an insulation 21 downpipe 20 in the downcomer immediately subsequent downcomer extension 26, which is already within the container 10 and therefore is not isolated ,
  • a pressure reducing valve 22 At the end of the drop tube 20 is a pressure reducing valve 22, whereby the water supply in the container 10 is controllable.
  • it is a valve with a constant setting. This is pre-set depending on the drilling depth and the downpipe diameter.
  • the water finally reaches the container 10 via the pressure reducing valve 22.
  • the heat of the bottom 2 is now transferred to the container wall via the filling material 40, ie via the steel balls. From the container wall, the heat is conducted to the medium, in this case water.
  • the water is thus vaporized and passes through the riser pipe 30, which is insulated with an insulating layer 31 against heat loss, upwards.
  • the hot steam finally enters the heat exchanger 50, where with the heat energy, for example via a steam turbine, a power generator can be operated. Before the steam reaches the steam turbine, it is passed through a superheater or steam dryer. Thus, the efficiency of the steam turbine can be increased.
  • this steam dryer can also be dispensed with if the steam temperature at the wellhead is above 374 ° C., since wet steam only exists between 100 ° C. and 374 ° C. (based on normal pressure), whereas at a temperature of more than 374 ° C. the steam already present as dry steam.
  • the now re-cooled water can be passed through the downpipe 20 into the container, making the cycle begins again.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device for obtaining geothermal heat of a second embodiment.
  • the container 10.1 is embedded in the well bottom (not shown) in a filler material 40 made of steel balls.
  • the downpipe 20.1 and the riser pipe 30.1 are guided coaxially until they enter the container 10.1.
  • the riser pipe in the present case opens inside the container 10.1 in an upper region, ie when it enters the container 10.1, laterally from the downpipe 20.1.
  • the downpipe 20.1 has an opening there.
  • the outlet can also be formed just above the container 10.1).
  • Both the downpipe 20.1 and the riser 30.1 are thermally insulated in the present case (not shown).
  • the downpipe 20.1 that is, the outer of the two coaxial tubes, immediately before entry into the container 10.1, a pressure reducing valve 22.1, which controls the entry of the water or the heat transfer medium.
  • the skilled person is aware of the design of such annular valves, for example, the pressure reducing valve 22.1 may be formed only as a taper of the downpipe.
  • the inlet of the riser 30.1 also outside, that is, formed above the container, so that the pressure reducing valve 22.1 between the inlet and the container can be arranged.
  • the entry of the riser 30.1 would be easily connected by a piece of pipe to the container, so that even a simple design, in particular controllable pressure reducing valve 22.1 can be provided.
  • the downcomer extension 20.1 has in the present case laterally openings 23, which are reinforced on the edge with artificial gemstones and thus protected against erosion. Through these openings, the water flows at high pressure and is uniformly sprayed in the container 10.1.
  • a nozzle 25 located at the distal end of the downcomer extension 26.1, ie at the outlet of the downcomer extension 26.1, a nozzle 25, which is directed downwards, in the direction of the downpipe 20.1.
  • a curved deflecting plate 24 is connected to the downcomer extension 26.1 in such a way that water exiting from the nozzle 25 strikes the concave side of the deflecting plate 24 and is sprayed on the circumference, laterally.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 2 can also be equipped with a side-by-side parallel, ie not coaxially guided, downpipe and riser pipe.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 1 may comprise such a deflection plate at the bottom of the downcomer extension 26.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 1 can have openings according to the embodiment of FIG.
  • the steel balls can also have other diameters.
  • other materials for the heat transfer between bottom 2 and container 10 may be provided.
  • the gap could also be filled with a cementitious material or poured, which has a sufficiently good thermal conductivity.
  • the stability of the borehole could be further improved.
  • As a heat carrier in particular in the preferred closed circuit of the heat carrier, an oil or other liquids may be provided.
  • the pressure reducing valve 22 may also be mounted at the end of the downcomer extension 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de prélèvement d'énergie géothermique à partir d'un puits de forage (1) pourvu d'une tête et d'un fond (2), comprenant un appareil de transport qui permet d'acheminer un fluide de la tête jusqu'au fond (2) du puits de forage et du fond (2) jusqu'à la tête du puits de forage. Le dispositif comprend également un matériau de remplissage (40) introduit au fond (2) du puits de forage, la chaleur pouvant ainsi être cédée au fluide.
EP14710786.6A 2013-02-05 2014-02-05 Dispositif de prélèvement d'énergie géothermique Withdrawn EP2954268A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00404/13A CH707577A2 (de) 2013-02-05 2013-02-05 Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Erdwärme.
PCT/CH2014/000016 WO2014121408A1 (fr) 2013-02-05 2014-02-05 Dispositif de prélèvement d'énergie géothermique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2954268A1 true EP2954268A1 (fr) 2015-12-16

Family

ID=50289323

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14710786.6A Withdrawn EP2954268A1 (fr) 2013-02-05 2014-02-05 Dispositif de prélèvement d'énergie géothermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2954268A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH707577A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014121408A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104896618B (zh) * 2015-05-04 2018-05-11 河南润恒节能技术开发有限公司 地热能中央空调连接式浅层地热能同井转换装置及方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011220603A (ja) * 2010-04-09 2011-11-04 Chemical Grouting Co Ltd 地熱利用システム
US20120144829A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Deep Well Power, LLC Direct exchange geothermal refrigerant power advanced generating system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4094356A (en) * 1977-01-06 1978-06-13 Whewell Frank Ash Geothermal heat recovery system
DE3029900A1 (de) 1980-08-07 1982-03-11 Günter 4952 Porta Westfalica Strathe Waermeaustauscher zur nutzung von erdwaerme
DE20013561U1 (de) * 2000-08-08 2000-11-23 Krueger Alexander Wärmetauscher als Tauchkollektor für Wärmepumpenanlagen
EP1486741B1 (fr) * 2003-06-13 2006-11-29 Tiroler Röhren- und Metallwerke Aktiengesellschaft Pieu pour énergie
US9423158B2 (en) * 2008-08-05 2016-08-23 Michael J. Parrella System and method of maximizing heat transfer at the bottom of a well using heat conductive components and a predictive model
IT1391793B1 (it) 2008-11-21 2012-01-27 Baioni Sonda geotermica perfezionata

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011220603A (ja) * 2010-04-09 2011-11-04 Chemical Grouting Co Ltd 地熱利用システム
US20120144829A1 (en) * 2010-12-08 2012-06-14 Deep Well Power, LLC Direct exchange geothermal refrigerant power advanced generating system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2014121408A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH707577A2 (de) 2014-08-15
WO2014121408A1 (fr) 2014-08-14

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