EP2952063A1 - Lighting arrangement and method for producing an lighting arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lighting arrangement and a method for producing or for operating the same. The lighting arrangement is characterized by a plurality of radiating faces, on which light can be emitted in each case as a beam (4). Owing to this "direction competence", the lighting arrangement may not only reproduce a two-dimensional image of an illumination pattern (1), but it can emit light directionally and thus reproduce a luminance distribution of the illumination pattern (1).

Description

 description

Lighting arrangement and method for producing a Beieuchtungsanordnung

Technical area

The present invention relates to a Beleuchtungsan ^¬ order and a method for producing a lighting arrangement.

State of the art

From the prior art, lighting ^¬ arrangements are in addition to conventional wall and ceiling with spotlights known that emit light over a large area, such as for illuminating an exhibition space. For this purpose, the lamps can be arranged behind a translucent pane or behind a cloth, for example, which ^{results in a} uniform light output.

The present invention addresses the technical problem of an over the prior art advantage ^¬ exemplary illumination arrangement and a method for producing the same indicate.

Presentation of the invention

According to the invention this problem is solved by a Beleuchtungsan ^¬ order for the spatial reproduction of a Beleuchtungsmo ^¬ tivs according to claim 9 and a method for Her ^¬ according to Claim. 1

In an abstract consideration, the lighting is divided according to the invention in two steps, namely the detection of the lighting motif and the subsequent playback, so the lighting ^¬ tion.

In simple terms, the illumination step is detected in its three-dimensionality with the first step, that is, the light emitted therefrom in different directions is determined, for example by rendering. The second step, the impression of three-dimensional awakening playback, then accordingly ei ^¬ ne lighting ^arrangement requires the light targeted location and direction-dependent, as "rays" can deliver (which also referred to in the context of this disclosure as "directional competence" of the lighting arrangement becomes) .

A lighting arrangement with "directional competence" is characterized in that light can be emitted at a plurality of emission surfaces, specifically for each emission surface as a beam with selected direction or as a multiplicity of rays in freely selectable directions and with individually predetermined luminous fluxes Lighting arrangement, for example, be constructed of a plurality of glass fibers, in whose entrance surfaces in each case the light emitted by a light source is coupled.

The exit surfaces of the glass fibers are then mounted, for example, on a ceiling, for example, always bundled together to form repeating subunits (lighting units). The exit surfaces of the glass fibers of a lighting unit can be arranged as radiating surfaces, for example on a spherical shell next to each other, so that the lighting unit emits a bundle of divergent rays. Thieves- Lighting arrangement can in turn be constructed from a variety of such lighting units, such as from side by side mounted on a ceiling spherical shells (each with a plurality of radiating surfaces). For each optical fiber, a radiation direction and a radiation surface are defined in this example; if the egress ^¬ surface of a glass fiber is no imaging optics nachgela ^¬ Gert, the exit surface is equal to the Abstrahlflä ^¬ surface. Generally means "emitting" the last, the BET rachter / a viewing position facing outlet surface of the beam. Emitting and radiating ^¬ direction represent together a below in more detail Illustrated "pixel" is, is then assigned to the desired light ^¬ stream, for example, by a corresponding control of the light source.

The luminous flux of the individual pixels is to be set so that the light emitted by the individual radiating surfaces along a beam gives the impression that it is not from the lighting arrangement but from "behind." For example, only a few meters, for example At least 3 m, 5 m, 7 m, 10 m, 15 m or 20 m, but for example not more than 50 m, 40 m, 30 m, away from the illumination arrangement viewer should, for example, the impression, in the Dome of St. Peter's Basilica with a height of more than 100 m.

In the lighting design can be, for example, reflecting a light or emitting, dreidimensi ^{¬-dimensional} arrangement, for example a section of a real building, so as to a blanket; the three- dimensionality can be caused, for example, by a curvature of the ceiling, for example by a dome shape. In general, the three-dimensionality of the lighting ^motif may be due to the arrangement of individual elements thereof at different distances to a viewing point.

In addition to being able to reproduce a real existing lighting motif, the three-dimensional arrangement can also be generated virtually, for example by creating individual elements thereof with a CAD program and placing them in a spatial arrangement relative to each other.

The invention is based on the following finding: For the three-dimensional visual impression that a viewer has, for example, when crossing the St. Peter's dome from its dome, it is ultimately decisive from which direction or directions how much light of which color falls to the individual viewing positions that have passed when passing through ,

For illustration and also for modeling purposes, the illumination motif can be subdivided into a multiplicity of surface elements, and each surface element can be modeled by the light propagating therefrom in different directions with a multiplicity of light beams whose starting point lies on the surface element.

The illumination motif, in particular a side thereof facing the viewing positions, is therefore subdivided, for example, into disjoint surface elements, and the luminous flux emitted in a direction-dependent manner is determined for each of these surface elements. The "Subdivision into surface elements" can, for example, also consist of "scanning" a (real or virtual) illumination motif, ie the luminous flux emitted by different areas (surface elements) thereof (in each case resolved in direction); the illumination motif does not necessarily have to be subdivided into surface elements before the luminous flux determination, but the subdivision can also take place in its course, for example when the luminous flux is determined to be statistically distributed over the surface of the illumination motif. (In the case of nachgehend described light ^¬ density measurement subdivision into surface elements can be caused for instance by the resolution in the measurement.) In any case, along a plurality of straight line so each of the illumination motif (from or penetrated by the respective straight) surface element thereof , emitted luminous flux determined; the straight lines tilted towards each other connect different areas of the lighting motif (surface elements) to different areas of the reference areas (reference surface points).

For example, the dome is illuminated indirectly and partially reflects the light toward the viewing positions below the dome, with the reflective properties depending on the surface condition between two extremes, namely between ideal-diffuse and ideal-specular.

In simple terms, an incoming light beam is usually not only ideally reflected (but what about in the case of a mirror is also possible), but in addition to a radiation beam aufgewei ^¬ tet in ge ^¬ wissem dimensions (see Figure 3). A surface element of the BL LEVEL ^¬ tung motif emitted in different directions (along different, intersecting in the surface element line) different amounts of light "sees" from ver ^¬ different directions thereon looking thus differed ^¬ Lich bright and / or colored (see Figures 2a, b).

In the idealized viewing with rays of light ( "ray model", see also Figures 2a, b) propagate so of each surface element, a plurality of light ^¬ emit different luminous flux from what veranschauli ^¬ surfaces can be of a corresponding length of the light beams, and "sees" a viewer looking at a specific surface element, depending on his viewing position, different light beams and, correspondingly, a different luminous flux. This can be described using the luminance indicating which luminous flux of an overall given pixel of the illumination subject per projected FLAE ^¬ chenelement and per solid angle (and, if one wishes to distinguish ne ^¬ ben brightness and color per wavelength region) is emitted (Luminous flux per etendue subvolume, see the following description).

The idea of the present invention now is to set up a lighting arrangement that the output on one of its radiating along a ray of light corresponding to that of one of the surface elements of the lighting motif along a straight line, on which precisely is an ^¬ ser beam emitted light (In any if in terms of brightness, optionally also in color); to reproduce the lighting motif, this should then apply to all radiating surfaces with their rays. In other words, the illumination arrangement with a multiplicity of rays, approximately in this order, increasingly preferably emits at least 10,000, 160,000 or 2,560,000 rays of light, in each case as it emits along a straight line on which the respective ray lies, from the illumination motif is or has been delivered.

An observer, for example, who passes through St. Peter's Basilica and lets his gaze wander over the dome, also perceives it three-dimensionally, due to the differently emitted light depending on the direction of the individual surface elements (the same applies in principle to the fixed viewing position due to the distance between the eyes); If, on the other hand, the viewer takes a picture of the dome, the three-dimensional impression is lost, because the light emitted by each surface ^element is not detected in a direction- ^{resolved manner} , but only captured from one direction.

In order to illuminate, for example, a floor surface with, for example, the lighting motif "dome", firstly the mounting position of the lighting arrangement and thus the position of the radiating surfaces are determined, for example the radiating surfaces can be mounted horizontally next to each other on a ceiling the radiating surfaces in the St. Peter's Basilica, where the floor surface to be illuminated in a plane with the floor under the dome of St. Peter's Basilica; the Be ^¬ lighting arrangement is thus between the ground and Kup ^¬ pel.

Now, for each radiating along a Gera- the region at which the beam of the respective radiating surface is determined by the illumination design, ie just beispielswei ^¬ se of the dome, light emitted stream (after optional brightness and color). Then gives each radiating surface ^¬ her beam with the thus determined luminous flux from a viewer can not distinguish (in an idealized vision) whether he actually is under the illumination arrangement or, for example, under the dome of Peters ^¬ doms. (The above and getrof ^¬ fenen also in the following statements are naturally leuchtungsmotiv independently of the loading "dome" and be disclosed by the illumination of a ground by a horizontally disposed Beleuchtungsan ^¬ order.)

The "reference surface", ie the mounting position of the illumination arrangement "imagined" in the above example in St. Peter's Basilica, is to a certain extent an interface between the illumination motif (the light emitted by this direction-dependent light) and the illumination arrangement (the light to be emitted by the latter in a direction-dependent manner). Accordingly spreader ^¬ accordingly depending on the direction of the incident ( "einfal- lend" at a temperature between the viewing positions and the lighting design reference surface) is determined luminous flux in the reference surface and are the Ab ^¬ reflecting surfaces in the same area.

In the above example, the lighting arrangement was then set up so that a viewer could lighting unit has the same impression as a viewer of the dome in realiter, and that due to the lying at the same height floor surfaces, so observer standpoints. However, if the lighting arrangement mounted higher, above the mounting position, for which the light ^¬ current was determined depending on the direction, the dome would appear farther away, as if one considered the St. Peter's dome not from its bottom, but by a recessed into the ground deeper , The position of the reference surface relative to the lighting motif can in principle be chosen freely, it influences (only) the representable solid angle. The reference surface can even be placed behind the illumination motif, so it can be determined for about above the dome of the Peter dersdomes radiating surfaces, how much light per beam is to be delivered so that it from the dome along the respective straight line on which the corresponding beam is, emitted light corresponds.

The illumination arrangement can deliver in a specific transmission light as a beam of a specific luminous flux of a radiating therefore, the light emission points of the ^¬ stream can be adjusted individually; Preferably, the output with the individual beams of light flux is also controllable during operation (in terms of brightness and preferably also color), more preferably via a common control ^¬ unit.

Thus, the illumination arrangement can emit different amounts of light (optionally different colors) with a multiplicity of beams tilted towards one another, So has a "directional competence", so that different views of the lighting motif are reproduced.

The beams are tilted towards each other and thus fill up the radiation space angle to be covered in total; however, parallel rays are also present. For example, each lighting unit provides a set of beams tilted relative to one another, but this set is repeated correspondingly often to the number of lighting units in the lighting arrangement. The "straight line" is a straight line in three-dimensional space, which is fixed in its position and thus differs from a "direction" (a still displaceable vector). The "beam" of a radiating surface is a half-line defined in its direction ("radiation direction") and position; the position of the half-line is determined by the radiating surface. The "Abstrahlrich ^¬ tung" is generally an average value for the luminous flux weighted directions (about gungs- also due to diffrac- or scattering effects) is the aperture angle of the emitted to a radiating light at ^¬ play, in this order, increasingly preferably less than 10 ° , 5 °, 2 °, 1 ° For example, a radiating surface may have a lateral extent of in this order increasingly preferably at most 160 mm, 80 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm and 10 mm, minimum sizes may be 2.5 mm, 4 mm, for example mm or 5 mm (measured as the diameter of a circular shape or, in the case of a geometry with an irregular outer shape, as an average of the smallest and largest dimensions) That of a radiating in a specific radiating ^¬ direction emitted (as a beam) luminous flux to the light emitted by the lighting design in the same direction "correspond", which is meant to include a deviation to a pre-given percentage; the luminous flux of the other radiating then deviates by the same percentage value (this may be the case for at least 25%, in this order increasingly preferably at least 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% of the emission surfaces.) It is possible to adjust the brightness Preferably, the brightness of the illumination arrangement is even dimmable, for example Further preferred refinements of the method according to the invention, a corresponding illumination arrangement or their use can be found in the dependent claims and also in the description below, wherein in the context of this Offenb In general, it does not distinguish in detail between the various categories; the described features are implicitly always to be disclosed as being both in terms of the method and in relation to the device or its use or operation. In a preferred embodiment, raw data is generated by the three-dimensional illumination motif and the luminous flux per reference surface point is determined by rendering this raw data, that is, by image synthesis. Corresponding image synthesis programs (renderers) are com cially available, for example under the trading nation ^¬ men "Radiance".

In general, however, it is also possible to determine "analogously", ie without image calculation, which luminous flux is to be emitted per reference surface point, namely if directionally resolved images are generated by a real illumination motif in the reference surface and the respective images are then reproduced directionally resolved to a viewing position ( compare in detail the embodiment of the figures la, b).

Preferably, however, the raw data Be ^¬ leuchtungsmotivs are first generated, so in the case of a virtual Be ^¬ leuchtungsmotivs defined as the relative arrangement of individual elements and / or a surface contour of the lighting motif; The raw data may also include, for example, the optical properties of a surface, for example the reflection properties, and the arrangement and beam direction of a light source. During the subsequent rendering, the luminous flux is then determined, for example, by ray tracing, which is emitted in each case along a straight line which passes through a reference surface point (and which is accordingly to be emitted at this reference surface point from the illumination arrangement with a beam lying on the straight line). However, raw data can also be generated by a real lighting motif, preferably by a luminance measurement; these are particularly preferably wavelength-resolved, so that the raw data also contain color information. In a luminance measurement, this is determined by a surface element of the lighting not detected tung motif outgoing light having a mean ^¬ formation, which corresponds to a conventional light image, but the luminous flux is measured direction dissolved. The luminance is namely the luminous flux per Etendue- subvolume (dE), the etendue is defined as the product of surface element and projected solid angle, verglei ^¬ che for example, R. Winston, "Nonimaging Optics", the luminance is the light flux per "light-sub-volume" , thus characterizes the distribution of the luminous flux in this "volume of light" (in a four-dimensional phase space, compare the mathematical definition of the etten ^¬ due), as for example the mass density describes the mass distribution in a three-dimensional body.

The luminance, for example, with a camera such as a CCD camera, can be measured, the beispielswei ^¬ se is moved along a surface, and with at various points, usually following a raster, recordings are made of the lighting design. In knowledge of the optics of the camera can then a particular pixel of the CCD array (spatial resolution) assigned a direction (angular resolution), so it can be determined from which direction the light has fallen. Then a plurality of such camera images and in knowledge of the pickup position, the luminance of the illumination subject can be determined, so the output from a surface member in different Richtun ^¬ gen luminous flux. The camera is usually not focused on the upper surface of the illumination ^¬ motive, but on a spaced reference surface; Rendering can then be used to determine the luminance for other reference surfaces. Such luminance measurements are in principle of the characterization of substantially punctiform light sources, for example a light bulb is known, the camera is moved in a goniometer about the light source, compare "Analysis of Goni- ophotometric Reflection Curves", Isadore Nimeroff, Jour ^¬ nal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 6; June 1952, p. 441-448.

In any case, with the data obtained from the luminance measurement for the surface elements of the illumination motif, information is then available with respect to the directionally emitted light. Thus, for a surface element of the illumination motif, there are light flux values for a plurality of directions ("along a plurality of straight lines.") If the reference surface is displaced, for example, light previously emitted from a first emission surface in a first emission direction may be from a second, opposite the first emission surface 2a, b), however, in the new reference plane, there is not necessarily a radiating surface whose beam is on a straight line with that of the first radiating surface, so that, for example, that of the surface element of the lighting motif along another, close " adjacent "straight lines emitted luminous flux can be reproduced.

With regard to the solid angles between the measured luminance values lying intermediate values can generally be determined by rendering, namely the angular resolution and / or the area resolution regarding the luminance measurement.

"Raw data" therefore means, in general, a record of the luminance information contains and / or from which leave such determined. In the case of a virtual Be ^¬ leuchtungsmotivs the Leuchtdichteinformatio ^¬ NEN be for example of the arrangement of a surface, of a type and position of a light source however, the raw data may also be measured luminance values, and intermediate values may be determined by rendering, similar to interpolation.

In a set of raw data, the information on the luminance does not necessarily have to be deposited as luminance values. For example, it is always possible for a pair of numbers, such as luminous flux and essentials, to contain corresponding information; the decisive factor is that the luminance can be calculated from it. In the context of the present disclosure to the pho ^¬ tometrische size "flux" is and taken accordingly to "light, illumination intensity and luminance" reference, that each of the light-technical counterpart of the radiation-physical variables "radiation power, beam strength, irradiance and radiance". The Luminous flux corresponds to a wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the human eye (V (X) curve) weighted radiant power; The statements made in the context of this disclosure for the photometric quantities apply analogously to the radiation physical quantities.

In one approach, the provision of radiating surfaces of a certain size with a certain distance from each other can be regarded as predetermining a discretization, the illumination arrangement has a corresponding spatial and, depending on the tilting of the emission directions / rays, solid-angle resolution. Each emitting surface, together with the direction of emission of its beam, can be regarded as a "pixel", namely as a "pixel" which defines an etendue subvolume (the etendue subvolumes of the emitting surfaces sum up the etendue of the illumination arrangement).

The luminous flux is determined by rendering that is attributable to a etendue sub-volume, so that together with the other pixels (also with a luminous flux "be ^¬ crowded" etendue sub-volumes) gives a luminance profile as it would make the lighting motif. By means of rendering be discreet Values for "filling in" the Etendue subvolumes are determined, for example by interpolation from discrete luminance values and / or also by local averaging from a continuous / quasi-continuous data field.

This can be illustrated by the two-dimensional example of a raster graphic: An image is taken of a motive (analogue to the lighting motif), an in Line and column spacing determined by the pixel size determined ^¬ raster grid over the image and determined for each grid cell, a mean brightness value (grayscale grid image). A "pixel" is thus characterized by a radiating surface and a radiation direction (the direction of the corresponding beam), it is now possible to fill the Etendue subvolume determined in this way, for example, with white light and / or also with colored light, ie for each radiating surface If a plurality of light sources of different color can also be provided, the etendue subvolume can therefore also be filled, for example, by a color mixture.

In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement of the emitting surfaces is first of all determined, that is to say initially the discretization is carried out; it is determined that "pitch". Subsequently, with regard to the thus pre give ^¬ NEN discretization rendered. It will be specified as pixel with a respective etendue subvolume and is obtained by rendering the necessary respectively to the "padding" luminous flux. In general, on the other hand, the arrangement of the pixels and their "size" (ie their respective etendue subvolume) could in fact be adapted to previously measured and / or previously rendered data.

The "direction competence" thus relates to the suitability of the lighting arrangement to give a plurality of radiating light, depending emitting surface in a selected direction from ^¬ and preferably having a predeterminable by a control unit luminous flux; a lighting arrangement has so far "towards competence" when they, then, will provide "pixels", so etendue sub-volumes, and means light sources with which the Eten ^¬ due-sub-volumes can be "filled" individually. In general, the lighting arrangement will extend over a large area Also, for example, to allow a viewer a "wandering gaze" to create a convincing three-dimensional impression. "Large area" means, for example, with a light-emitting surface area of in this order increasingly preferably at least 10 m ² , 20 m ² , 30 m ² , 40 m ² , 50 m ² , 60 m ² , 70 m ² , 80 m ² , 90 m ^2, 100 m ^2, from the lower limit ^¬ ser independent limits may ^¬ example, at 1,000 m ^2, 900 m ^2, 800 m ^2, 700 m ^2, 600 m ² relate hung, 500 m ² lie.

The surface may in principle be of any shape ha ^¬ ben, the ratio of the greatest to the smallest extension in the plane direction, for example, at least 1: 1, 3: 2, 2: 1, 3: 1 and independently of this lower limit, as a maximum 100: 1, 50: 1, 20: 1, 10: 1.

The lighting arrangement according to the three ^¬ dimensional impression not only with regard to a single region considered ( "Focus") arising read ^¬ sen. Rather, the viewer should be able to let his gaze to a viewing position on the lighting arrangement wan ^¬ countries, so for instance, depending Betrach ^¬ tung position a viewing angle of at least 20 °, 60 ° and 90 ° to be accessible; with regard to the fineness of the discretization can then, for example, each viewing position more than 5, 20 or 40 different viewing directions may be possible. The three-dimensional impression could, for example, even with assumed observation be adjusted with only one eye, because the different views seen by a viewer moving along the lighting arrangement through different viewing positions would then be "composed" in his perception.

Also in this context, a lighting arrangement is preferred which reflects the spatial views not only with respect to a first viewing line but also with respect to a second, transverse (at an angle) to the first extending viewing line. "Viewing line" means a line which connects a multiplicity of viewing positions, from which the lighting motif can be viewed from respectively different viewing directions.

In the case of a lighting arrangement installed, for example, several meters above the ^floor on a ceiling or as a ceiling (both are referred to below as "ceiling mounting" for simplicity), a first viewing line then extends along the floor and at least one further transversely thereto, likewise along the floor. Ideally, there are at a generally be ^¬ vorzugten ceiling mounting a plurality of surface on the side opposite to the illumination assembly bottom distributed viewing positions, such as in this order with increasing preference at least 10, 20 or 40, and increasingly of this lower limit, independently in this order preferably, for example at most 200, 100 and 50 in the surface direction adjacent to each other viewing positions. Perpendicular to the ground, there may be, for example, several adjacent viewing positions; these can span as a "viewing window", which is far apart from the bottom of a piece, for example, examples play, between 1 m and 2 m, and the Betrachtungspositi ^¬ ones, in the case of a (too) designed for sitting or lying viewing illumination arrangement but also A "viewing position" is a position defined in its relative position to the illumination assembly to which light is incident from a plurality of radiating surfaces in a plurality of radiating directions (in other words, a plurality of beams converge), for example based on a "viewing volume" per viewing position of (0.25 m x 0.25 m x 0.25 m), (0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m) or (I m * I m ^» I m).

In any case, there are in a preferred embodiment a plurality of cross-oriented viewing lines, so are the beams, for example, compared to a normal to the lighting arrangement not only tilted in one direction (all of the surface normal with one beam spanned planes would be parallel), but in two directions, so that the planes spanned by surface normal and beam are not only displaced in parallel, but are also twisted relative to each other.

In a preferred embodiment, the size of the reproduced motif in relation to the size of the illumination ^¬ motivs set a minimum, this size ratio in this order is increasingly preferred so at least 1: 4, 1: 3, 1: 2; this is particularly preferred Lighting motif reproduced with at least substantially the same size. Of course, this information concerns (primarily) the case of real lighting motifs (including the case of a virtual lighting motif that replicates a real one).

It is also a "magnification" possible, it may be the ratio of reproduced subject to lighting motif also greater than 1: 1, exemplary upper limits are 1,000,000: 1, 100,000: 1, 10,000: 1, 1,000: 1, 100: 1, 10: 1 If the illumination motif has a different size from different viewing directions, these (and the above) statements refer to a vertical projection onto the reference surface, ie to rays perpendicular to the illumination arrangement (if appropriate, rays perpendicular to a mounting plane).

The reproduced light motif is preferably in an area ratio of at least 50%, in this Rei ^¬ henfolge increasing preference at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, immobile, and that at least in regard to the just-mentioned vertical projection to the reference surface, particularly preferred with respect to all views (in all directions of view).

In any case, "unmoved" means that the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by the individual radiating surfaces is maintained (a uniform dimming is therefore no movement), for example for at least 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, and ultimately this can also be adjusted to the specific lighting purpose, so that it is more likely to be lit statically in a work environment, in the case of a presentation or staging, on the other hand, the dynamic proportion can be greater.

Furthermore, a change of the illumination tuned to a viewer may also be preferred; Preferably, a movement of the observer with an unchanged observer position, for example an arm movement, and / or the position of the observer (a change of the same) relative to the illumination arrangement are detected with a sensor, and the illumination motif is reproduced in dependence thereon. Returning to the example of the dome, for example, the state of the sun falling through the windows could shift with the viewer when it passes through the room. However, the viewer could move the sun, for example, with an arm movement.

A viewer is thus detected, for example, with a sensor, such as optically and / or acoustically; This sensor signal is then evaluated in an evaluation unit and converted into a control signal for the lighting arrangement. In a preferred embodiment, a control unit is also part of the lighting arrangement, and in general, and thus also independent of the detection of a viewer by means of a sensor. The "vote on the viewer" is preferably carried out by a corre sponding ^¬ control of the lighting arrangement.

A viewer can now control the lighting arrangement by gestures and / or sounds, for example - turning the hand up and bringing the fingers together reduce the brightness, such as the whole lighting arrangement (global) or even only from the point of view of the viewer (local);

- opening the fingers (equally with the hand pointing upwards) means an increase in brightness, again globally or locally;

- By noise generation at a certain point there the brightness can be increased, so that about by scratching or drumming with the fingers on a surface, the brightness on this surface is increased - for example, by gossip ^¬ it can be reduced again.

A change in the reproduction, so a change in the output from the individual radiating light flux is generally not ideally abruptly son ^¬ countries at least downgraded, particularly preferably smoothly, so smoothly.

In all generality as "tailored to a viewer change" for example, is also a Ansteue- tion of the lighting arrangement seen following a CIRCA circadian rhythm, so for example, the inner rhythm of a viewer roughly corresponding with ei ^¬ ner period length 24 hours a day / Night history.

With regard to the physiological sensation of a viewer, the course of the reproduced electromagnetic spectrum preferably corresponds at least in the visible range to the solar spectrum, that is to say, it differs relative luminous flux, in each case normalized to a maximum value, of sunlight and lighting arrangement, for example by at most 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% from one another, in a range of at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%. or 90% of the visible spectral range. The light source comes at ^¬ play as a RGB or RGBW lighting questioned.

An advantage of the illumination arrangement according to the invention can in this context be that, since the illumination arrangement itself lights up, a blue light portion sufficient for the physiological perception of a viewer can be emitted without the entire illumination arrangement therefore appearing blue, for example; The latter would in some circumstances be the case if a comparable proportion of blue light is to be achieved by indirect illumination of a ceiling.

In a preferred embodiment, the illumination arrangement comprises an imaging optics, that is, the emission surface is located on an exit surface of the imaging optics; Preferably, a light-emitting surface is imaged into the space per pixel, and particularly preferably into infinity.

Even with the already mentioned example of a modular arrangement of a plurality of fiber optic bundled lighting arrangement (modular design, a bundle is a lighting unit), such an imaging Op ^¬ tik be provided, for example, each glass fiber own the light bundling outgoing light. The imaging optics would thus serve to collimate the light emerging from the respective optical fiber. Generally, such a "collimation" could however also be implemented without imaging optics, such as with a collimated coupling or auskoppelseitig with a non-imaging optical / in the case of glass fiber könn- te about the diameter be formed gewei ^¬ tet to the output surface, so that Thus, the beam cross-section is increased and due to etendue conservation in an optical system, the opening angle of the beam is correspondingly reduced (the etendue is a conservation value, ie a light beam can not be simultaneously arbitrarily ^¬ diameter and solid angle arbitrarily small, but it leads a reduction of the beam cross-section for beam expansion and vice versa).

In any case, the illumination arrangement preferably has an imaging optical system, wherein particularly preferably a plurality of light-emitting surfaces are arranged next to one another and are imaged by a common imaging optical unit. The emission surfaces then lie on the sides of the imaging optics opposite the light-emitting surfaces.

In the imaging optical system can, for example, be a spherical lens or else a lens ^¬ system with such, or a so-called Fresnel lens. The light-emitting surfaces are "arranged side by side", ie lie in a common, preferably flat surface.

If a converging lens is now provided as the imaging optic, and if the light-emitting surfaces are arranged, for example, in their focal plane, the different location points (light-emitting areas) in shown different directions. The distribution of the light-emitting surfaces in the spatial space becomes a distribution at different angles (Abstrahlrichtun ^¬ gen), the local function is by Fourier transformation to a solid angle function.

A spherical lens as the imaging optical system is preferred inasmuch as with a variety with respect to two Rich ^¬ obligations surface juxtaposed light emittie ^¬ leaders surfaces then the beams accordingly, not only with respect to a first, but also ways ^¬ Lich a second direction tilted to each other (compare the above comments on the two "viewing lines").

The side-by-side and a common optic associated light-emitting surfaces together with the imaging optics is a lighting unit that provides a variety of "pixels" available.

In general, a lighting arrangement according to the invention is preferably of modular construction, thus composed of a plurality of identical lighting units in ^¬ play, of at least 1 - 10 ³ 1 - 10 ⁴ 1 - 10 ⁵ 1 - 10 ⁶ 1-10 ⁷ 1-10 ⁸ lighting units; Possible upper limits for the number of lighting units are, for example, 1-10 ¹² , 1-10 ¹¹ , 1-10 ¹⁰ and 1-10 ^9, respectively. A lighting unit may for example be a latera ^¬ le expansion of at least 0.1 cm, 0.5 cm relationship ^¬ example have 1 cm; with respect to an upper limit, a maximum of 50 cm, 10 cm or 5 cm is preferred (measured as the diameter of a circular shape or, in the case of a geometry with an irregular outer shape, as a central value of the smallest and largest extent). A limitation of the maximum extent of the lighting units is preferred in view of a spatial resolution of the lighting arrangement. The lateral extent of an imaging optical system, in particular a converging lens, so its diameter Bezie ^¬ hung as the mean of the smallest and larger From ^¬ strain, for example at least 0.1 cm, 0.5 cm and 1 cm may be; Possible upper limits are, for example, 50 cm, 10 cm or 5 cm.

The distance between two adjacent adjacent illumination units, for example, at least 0.1 mm, 1 mm or 5 mm, namely, a certain minimum distance, namely, for example, facilitate the assembly or can be prevented when replacing individual lighting units damage to the next adjacent lighting units. Preferably, the maximum distance between two next ^¬ adjacent lighting units is not greater than 50 cm, 10 cm or 5 cm, which is advantageous in terms of spatial resolution.

In a further embodiment, which may also be of interest with regard to optimizing the spatial resolution, the imaging optic of a lighting unit additionally has a microlens array, which is preferably provided between a main lens / main lens system of the lighting unit and its light emitting surfaces , Were thus the plurality of light-emitting surfaces of the lighting unit previously, for example, by a common converging lens imaged now is the microlens array zwischenge ^¬ on, so is each a set of light emitting surfaces, thus a subset displayed by a common Mic rolinse and the microlenses are imaged from the common collecting lens.

This indeed reduces the angular resolution of the lighting unit, but consequently improves their place ^¬ sauflösung; the lighting unit is still ^¬ again divided into a number of microlenses corresponding number subunits.

In the case of a "lighting unit" in which the light-emitting surfaces are assigned to a common, preferably imaging optical system, the optics are decisive for assignment to a lighting unit in the case of a plurality of successive imaging optical systems (microlens array and "macro lens") summarizes more light-emitting surfaces; The microlens array is imaged by a "larger" lens, thus does not provide its own illumination units This also agrees with the understanding of "lighting units" as modular to a lighting assembly composable units, because the microlens array is usually already integrally connected and thus not modular composable , Also with regard to the tilting of the beams to each other with respect to two directions (transverse viewing lines), a rotationally symmetric microlens array is preferred. The lateral extent of a microlens (its diameter or the mean value of the smallest and largest extent) can be, for example, wise at least 0.5 mm, 1 mm or 2 mm betra ^¬ conditions; possible upper limits are, for example, 16 mm, 8 mm and 4 mm, respectively.

The light-emitting surfaces are preferably arranged in a focal plane of the microlens array which faces away from a viewer; The microlens array is particularly preferably located in a focal plane of the imaging optics, that is, for example, in the focal plane of a converging lens.

The light generation takes place in a preferred embodiment with a phosphor element, which emits light converted by pump light ^¬ converted light of longer wavelength. "Pump light" is generally understood, so is not strictly limited to the visible spectral range (although is of "light" and not of "radiation" spoken) and can even include Korpusku ^¬ larstrahlung; preferred however is a Be ^¬ lighting with electromagnetic radiation, preferably with from a laser or an LED emittier ^¬ tem light. it is then not necessarily the phosphor element itself an aforesaid radiating surface, but it may also be spatially separated from each other, the light generation and the illumination arrangement and the light can the lighting arrangement For example, with a non-imaging optics, such as a "light guide" or egg ^¬ ner glass fiber supplied. This can be advantageous in terms of the available space or for thermal reasons.

With regard to the energy efficiency of the lighting arrangement, a reduction of the beam surface emitted luminous flux, preferably by reducing the input power of a light source; it is thus for example, the pumping light entry sheet redu ^¬, preferably via a corresponding re duzierung the input power of the pumping light source. A control unit, with which the input power of the light source can be adjusted ^¬ is preferably inventory ^¬ part of the illumination assembly.

The lighting arrangement is there ^¬ to also designed with a view of the rather large-area illumination in a preferred embodiment, a luminous flux of in this order increasingly preferably at least 100 lumens, 400 lumens, 2,000 lumens, 10,000 lumens to deliver 40,000 lumens; independently of this, possible upper limits may be, for example, 400,000 lumens, 300,000 lumens, 200,000 lumens and 100,000 lumens, respectively. A realized on the reduction of input Leis ^¬ processing of the light source dimming can also be advantageous in this respect because, for example, the use of filters, such as polarizing filters, also in transmission state always some absorption he ^¬ follows, that the luminous flux is slightly reduced.

In a preferred embodiment, the lighting units can be provided downstream in the emission direction, a diffuser. Looking at the Beleuchtungsanord- planning the lighting motif can appear somewhat "un ^¬ sharp" by, but can be so for at least a little "smooth" at ^¬ game transitions between next lighting ^¬ units.

Already in the beginning, in the context of the glass fibers, the arrangement of the radiating surfaces on a spherical half-shell was described. wrote. In order to improve the angular resolution, lighting units described generally within the scope of this disclosure may also be tilted differently from a common plane; Thus, for example, a plurality of illumination units may be provided on a three-dimensionally extending surface ("spatial surface"), for example on a spherical shell or a tetrahedron.

Thus, in each case a plurality of lighting units are arranged on a room surface and a multiplicity of such room areas are provided, which are particularly preferably arranged so that a common plane intersects them. More preferably, the space surfaces, in particular so the ball shells, then be provided for example in a hexagonal arrangement to each other.

The invention also relates, as already mentioned, in addition to the lighting arrangement and the corresponding manufacturing method, the use of such a lighting arrangement for mounting as a ceiling. The lighting arrangement can, for example, also be provided in an outdoor area and at least partly make it a kind of roof covering; It is example ^¬ as the assembly in a stadium possible. In general, the lighting arrangement is preferably mounted on or in a building, particularly preferably within a Ge ^¬ bäudes, ie in particular in an interior.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments, wherein the individual features are also essential to the invention in another combination can and should be disclosed in this form. In a ^¬ individual shows

Figure la processing arrangement to determine the luminance of a BL LEVEL ^¬ tung motif in the case of a first lighting;

FIG. 1b shows the reproduction of the lighting motif according to FIG

 Figure la with the first illumination arrangement;

FIG. 1c shows the mapping of different directions into different location areas; 2a shows the direction-dependent luminous flux distribution of a surface element of the Beleuchtungsmo ^¬ tive according to the figures la, b;

2b shows the same lighting mounted in conjunction with figure 2a in different ^¬ Overdraft, motivational reproducing lighting arrangements in schematic representation;

3 shows the influence of a surface on the Lichtre ^¬ flexion;

FIG. 4a shows light-emitting surfaces which are combined with an imaging optics to form a lighting unit;

Figure 4b, the arrangement of Figure 4a added to a

 Microlens array;

Figure 5 glass fiber outputs of a glass fiber array as

Light-emitting surfaces of a lighting ^¬ unit; Figure 6 shows an alternative way of generating and

Coupling light into a glass fiber ay according to FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 different possibilities for luminance measurement.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

Figure la illustrates the playback preliminary ^¬ He abstract of a lighting motif 1, namely a dome. The dome is illuminated indirectly by a ^{Lichtquel ¬} le not shown here, so that the individual surface elements 2 reflect light, depending on the direction along different lines 3 different amounts of light (see Figures 2a, b). With the illumination arrangement according to the invention then (after the detection of the illumination subject) with the various beams 4 each as much light are emitted as it emits the lighting ^¬ tion motif 1 each along a straight line 3, on which the respective beam 4 is located, see. Figure lb.

A characteristic of the illumination arrangement according to the figures la, b, with that first recorded in parts of the same apparatus, a direction-resolution image of the illumination ^¬ motif 1 and this direction then be ^¬ solves is reproduced. Both in the direction-resolved recording and in the direction-resolved reproduction, the transformation from solid angle to spatial function (recording) or spatial to Raumwin ^¬ kelfunktion (playback) by means of a full-format fisheye optics 11, whose diameter is greater than the format of one in the Recording associated CCD image sensor 12th (FIG. 1 a) or a liquid crystal screen 15 (FIG. 1 ^b) assigned during reproduction.

When recording of the illumination motif 1, Fish-eye optical system 11 5 is disposed of each lighting unit, where it is to be later placed after assembly of Be ^¬ lighting arrangement. In other wor ^¬ th the fisheye optic illumination unit 5 will see ^¬ just as easily when recording the lighting motif 1 - relative to the distance from the ground, the horizontal position and the orientation towards the Beleuchtungsmo ^¬ tive 1 - where and how they will also be located in the Playb ^¬ be the illumination motif. 1

The fisheye optical system 11 has such an opening angle 13 that substantially the entire illumination motif 1 is imaged onto the CCD image sensor 12. In this case of un ^¬ terschiedlichen surface elements 2 from different directions (along different lines 3) is mapped to the Fis ^¬ heye optics 11 of a lighting unit 5 incident light in different surface regions of the fisheye optics 11 assigned during recording the CCD image sensor 12th

The function of the directions is Fourier-transformed by the fisheye optics 11, thus becoming a spatial function; the light incident from different directions (along different straight lines 3) with different luminous flux falls into different regions of the CCD image sensor 12, ie, each value is read out as a value assigned to a specific row and column. FIG. 1c illustrates the imaging of different solid angles into different spatial regions of the CCD image sensor 12; the imaging optics (Fisheye optics 11) transforms a function of solid angles into a spatial function.

For each illumination unit 5, information is thus available as to which direction of how much light falls on the fisheye optics 11 as a spatially resolved column / line signal of the CCD image sensor 12. The CCD image sensor 12 has one of its row and Column width corresponding grid size, each grid point is a measured luminous flux value. For each fisheye optics 11, that is, for each lighting unit 5, the measured with the CCD image sensor 12, light flux values are set as two-dimensional data field vomit ^¬ chert, in order then to be wiedergege- ben in a next step of the liquid crystal panel 15 with LED backlighting.

The liquid crystal panel 15 has a resolution corresponding to the pitch of the CCD image sensor 12, that is, has as many pixels as the CCD image sensor. The pixels of CCD image sensor 12 and liquid crystal screen 15 are also arranged identically, ie occupy the same area and are structured according to the same number of rows and columns.

The light current distribution measured in the first step (recording) for each fisheye optics 11 with a CCD image sensor 12 is then reproduced by a liquid crystal screen 15 assigned to the respective fisheye optics 11. The CCD image sensor 12 is therefore replaced by the liquid crystal screen 15, the latter emits light with exactly the measured from the CCD image sensor location distribution. The fisheye optics 11 in turn causes a Fourier transformation, from the spatial space (pixels of the liquid crystal screen) in the solid angle (radiation directions of the beam 4).

The fisheye optical system 11 is of symmetrical construction and the liquid crystal display 15 is mirrored to the CCD image sensor 12, namely mirrored on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the fisheye optical system 11, centrally through the fisheye optical system 11, ie, upward. " (otherwise the lighting mode 1 would be displayed upwards and not towards the floor.) The distance of the fisheye optics 11 to the ground and the lighting motif 1 as well as the orientation of their optical axis remain unchanged.

The liquid crystal screen 15 of each lighting unit 5 then emits light of different luminous flux at the individual pixels, specifically in different directions of radiation due to the fisheye optics 11. The light emitted by the illuminating unit 5 along a beam 4 then corresponds to the light from a surface element 2 of the illumination motif 1 ent ^¬ long a line 3, to which the respective beam 4 is located, the emitted light; the illumination unit 5 emits light along the rays 4 (in the emission directions) as it has collapsed from the different directions (along the straight line 3).

An observer who looks at an illumination arrangement composed of a plurality of illumination units 5 therefore sees light in different viewing directions, that is to say direction-resolved, as emitted by the illumination motif 1 during the recording. When recording, of course, a separate CCD image sensor must not be vorgese ^¬ hen for each lighting unit 5; Rather, even with only one CCD image sensor at the different measuring positions, that is, where then each one lighting unit 5 angeord ^¬ net will be measured, measured and the respective luminous flux values can be stored position-dependent. During the measurement, either a fisheye optical system 11 associated with the CCD image sensor 12 and corresponding to those of the lighting units 5 is positioned exactly where the fisheye optical unit 11 of the respective lighting unit will later be located, or the fisheye Optics 11 of the lighting units 5 pre-installed and is already measured with these, so the (a) CCD image sensor 12 successively set to the individual fisheye optics 11.

A separate Flüssigkris ^¬ tallbildschirm 15 is for the production of the illumination assembly then for each lighting unit 5 is provided which reproduces the data stored for the respective measuring position luminous flux values (the luminous flux can also be measured wavelength-resolved, and playback correspondingly colored SUC ^¬ gene).

Figures 2a, b illustrate the luminance using the example of a surface element 2 of Beleuchtungsmo ^¬ tivs 1, which (along distinct lines 3) emits in different directions a different light output. The light storm correlates with the length of the arrow 3 drawn per straight line, so that more light is emitted to the bottom right than to the left. A viewer sees more light when viewed from the bottom right looking at the surface element 2 as from the bottom left; the surface element 2 is seen from the bottom right brighter than from the bottom left.

The luminance distribution of the illumination subject 1, that is, the infinitesimal from a plurality surface elements 2 in each case depending on the direction of light emitted is, relative to a light source as well as by the surface contour (e.g., curvature) of the illumination subject 1 determined for example by the arrangement of the illumination ^¬ motif 1, So here by, among other things, the dome shape.

The directional dependence of the luminous flux also depends, for example, on the optical properties of the surface element 2, that is, for example, on whether it is ideally reflective or ideally diffuse.

Figure 3 illustrates this schematically for three different reflective surfaces, namely a smooth / ideally-reflective (left), a rough / ^¬ ideal diffuse (right) and a contrast less rough / shiny surface (in the middle). The incident light beam has the same luminous flux, but only in the case of the smooth, ideal-reflecting surface is it reflected in exactly one direction with an identical luminous flux (angle of incidence = angle of reflection). From the rough, ideally diffuse reflecting surface (right), the incident beam is reflected lambertsch; the emitted, fanned light cone is therefore independent of an angle of incidence of the beam. The shiny surface in the middle represents a hybrid form, the incident beam is a bit fanned out, however, nevertheless reflected in a main direction whose angle of incidence corresponds to the angle of incidence.

In any case, depending on the direction of the surface elements 2, different amounts of light are emitted and this is also a consequence of the three-dimensionality, either indirectly (due to the incidence of light on a reflecting surface) or directly (due to the three-dimensionality of the illumination motif 1 itself, ie due to the curvature) the dome). The direction-dependent output of the surface elements 2 of the Beleuchtungsmo ^¬ tivs 1 light, so the luminance distribution of the illumination subject 1, is decisive for the three-dimensional impression which has an observer thereof; If, in each case, as much light is emitted by the illumination units 5 in the emission directions of the rays 4 as would be emitted in the respective direction by the illumination motif 1 (has been emitted during the recording), a viewer can ideally not distinguish whether the light is emitted from the light source Illumination order or the lighting motif 1 comes.

However, a completely realistic rendering of lighting motif 1 is in practice often not be mög ^¬ Lich or desired, because the trade-off between spatial and angular resolution space; a viewer to the illumination motif thus for example also as percep ^¬ men by a slightly clouded disc; By using a diffuser this can be adjusted consciously.

In the lighting arrangement explained with reference to FIGS. 1 a, b, the installation location of the lighting unit is shown in FIG. 5 predetermined by the location (or vice versa: the directional light distribution is measured where it is to be mounted).

In general, however, the installation site can be chosen freely; the (later) mounting location then specifies a reference surface 21 for which the luminous flux is to be determined, which must be emitted by a radiation point as beam 4 in a radiation direction, so that the direction-dependent light distribution generated by the illumination arrangement of the emitted from the lighting motif 1 , Directional light distribution corresponds.

In simple terms, a light beam emitted by a surface element 2 along a specific straight line 3 is displaced along this straight line 3 with its attachment point into the reference surface; For a viewer, the impression then arises that the light would come from the lighting motif 1 if, at a position of the starting point in the reference area 21 corresponding to the illumination arrangement, a radiating surface emits light of the same intensity along the same straight line 3 (the beam 4 of the radiating surface is on the straight line 3).

If, for example, the reference surface 21 is displaced downwards, that is to say the lighting arrangement is mounted at a lower height, the starting point of a light beam shifts not only vertically but also horizontally (compare FIG. The emitted along a respective straight line 3 as a beam 4 luminous flux remains the same; However, the corresponding beam 4 is emitted from another radiating surface of the lighting arrangement. If the vertical offset is large, the corresponding offset is Blasting surface usually be assigned to another Beleuchtungsein ^{¬ unit} 5.

Also for reasons of practicality is in this case after a selection of the reference surface 21, so the mounting location, SHORT- not usual the emission shifted so that it coincides with the point of attachment of a previously determined light ^¬ beam but is in knowledge of a ho ^¬ rizontalen position of the The radiation surface (the vertical position is determined by the choice of the reference surface 21) determines the light beam which is "suitable." Thus, a radiation surface with a specific emission direction is provided at a specific location and then the luminous flux to be emitted by the emission surface in this emission direction determined by renders.

Figures 4a, b show a lighting unit 5 having a plurality of light sources 41 mounted on a common substrate 42; This also serves to cool the light sources 41. A light source 41, shown enlarged in FIGS. 4a, b, is composed of three LEDs 43, namely a red (R), a green (G) and a blue (B) LED 43. The three LEDs of a light source 41 are arranged adjacent to each other and border with their light-emitting surfaces to a non-imaging optics 44, namely a "light guide".

The non-imaging optics 44 serves to mix the ro ^¬ th, green and blue light; At an exit surface 45 thereof uniformly mixed-in light emerges, for example white light, provided that all three LEDs 43 are operated. the. An imaging primary optic 46 shapes the light emerging from the non-imaging optic 44 into a beam 47; the light-emitting surface 48 of the light sources 41 are arranged side by side and are imaged by a common imaging optical system 51 at infinity, in the spatial directions of different beams 4th

The spatial function predefined by the arrangement of the light sources 41 is Fourier-transformed by this illustration, thus becoming a function of the solid angles (emission directions). The spatial resolution, ie the size of the light-emitting surfaces 48 and their distance from one another, determines, in addition to the imaging properties of the imaging optical system 51, the solid-angle resolution, ie the "fanning out" of the radiation directions (of the beams 4).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4b, a microlens array 52 is placed between the light emitting surfaces 48 of the light sources 41 and the imaging optics 51, each having a set of light sources 41 (a subset of the light sources) associated with a microlens 53. The illumination unit 5 is subdivided by the microlenses again, the microlens array 52 thus improves the spatial resolution, at the expense of the solid angle resolution.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show alternative light sources 41 and / or an alternative light feed with respect to FIGS. 4a, b. The light generated spatially separated from the imaging optics 51 is used in both embodiments. Forms according to the figures 5 and 6 via glass fibers 55 to the imaging optics 51 passed.

End of each fiber 55, a decoupling element 56 is provided, in this case, a non-imaging optics with respect to the glass fiber 55 extended cross section (Figure 5). Due to the widening of the cross section, the light is bundled (etendue conservation); at an exit surface 48 of the decoupling element 56, the light emerges as a nearly parallel beam. The abbilden- de optics 51 forms the area adjacent outlet surfaces 48 (position resolution) is then in turn in different transmission directions from (Raumwinkelauflö ^¬ solution). Figure 5 shows light generation and Lichtein- and light extraction; In contrast, FIG. 6 shows an alternative generation of light and the coupling (the coupling-out for the sake of clarity).

The light source 41 according to FIG. 5 comprises three LASER light sources of the colors red, green and blue (RGB); Each LASER light source is assigned a tiltable mirror 57 ("scanning mirror"), via which the respective LASER beam can be directed in the direction of the coupling elements 62 of the glass fibers 55.

The mirrors 57 can each be tilted in two axes, so that the respective LASER beam can be selectively directed to one of the coupling elements 62 as a function of the tilting angles of the respective mirror 57 (the coupling elements 62 are arranged next to one another in a planar manner, ie they also extend perpendicular to Drawing plane, this planar arrangement is accessible by the tilting of the mirrors 57 by two axes each). In this way, the mirror 57, the individual coupling elements 62 sequenced ^¬ tially illuminated with the three laser beams through corresponding adjustment, the respective RGB composition determines the color of the light coupled into the respective coupling element 62 light. Ideally, a luminous flux corresponding to the colors of the image to be built up is emitted by the LASER light sources 41, which is advantageous for reasons of energy efficiency compared with (variable) filtering of a constant luminous flux.

Figure 6 shows an alternative to Figure 5 light generation; the light generated by the light source 41 is in turn coupled into coupling elements 62 of the glass fibers 55. Before the coupling, the red, green and blue light generated separately from each other is ge ^¬ mixed in a "Light Cube" that is structured to two dichroic mirrors 65, 66th

The first dichroic mirror 65 is reflective for red light and transmissive for blue and green light. The red from the (explained in more detail below) light source emitting red light 71 is therefore reflected by the ers ^¬ th dichroic mirror 65, on the one explained in the direction in detail below, the imaging picture unit 75. For the green light 72 of the first dichroic Spie ^¬ gel 65, however, transmissive, as well as the second dichroic ^¬ cal mirror 66. The green light 72 passes through the "light cube" thus essentially without absorption / reflection in the direction of the image unit 75th The second dichroic mirror 66 is reflective only to the blue light 73, which is reflected toward the converging lens 61. Downstream of the "Light Cube" is thus mixed light 74, which is coupled into the glass fibers.

The generation of red, green and blue light 71, 72 and 73 respectively is carried out by pumping light illumination of a (not shown here in detail) the red, green Bezie ^¬ hung as blue fluorescent element; the phosphor element is illuminated with short-wave blue pump light Bezie ^¬ hung as ultraviolet pump light and then emit ^¬ advantage conversion light of the corresponding color (red, green, blue). The conversion light can ^¬ example, in a "light guide" as a "com- pound Parabolic Concentrator" are "picked up" by the phosphor element and led to the "Light Cube".

By a variation of the pumping light illumination, that is to say a control of the pumping light source, the luminous flux of the conversion light can be changed; by a separate control of the R, G or B component so can also change the hue of the mixed light 74. Fer ^¬ ner can also be adjusted so the brightness.

The imaging unit 75 directs the image in each egg ^¬ nem time with a certain color produced mixed light 74 onto the surface arranged coupling elements 62; by coupling the reasonable fit respectively in hue and brightness mixed light 74, a solid image is generated (and imaging by the Auskoppele ^¬ elements 56 associated optics in solid angle environmentally set) in the coupling elements 62nd The imaging unit 75, shown schematically in FIG. 6, may for example consist of a so-called micromirror device ("DMD array") followed by the ^condenser lens, in which case the pump light sources could also be operated with constant power and would, depending on Position of a respective coupling element 62 associated micromirror the coupling element 62 are supplied with light or not (it would also be no above-described "Light Cube" are provided, but the RGB mixture could also take place on average over a corresponding position of the micromirror) ,

Alternatively to a micromirror array as an image forming unit could, for example, a so-called LCoS display to be provided ( "liquid crystal on silicon") The light is directed via a polarizing mirror on a display with liquid crystals.; The Refle ^¬ xion of light through the display can then be adjusted in the individual pixels by an electrically controlled alignment of the liquid crystals.

FIG. 7 illustrates a luminance measurement for detecting a real illumination motif 1. A ^camera 81 is used to take a large number of images from a reference surface which is at a distance from the illumination motif and at least partially surrounds it. As a result of the ^imaging optics of the camera 81, the rays arriving at a respective measuring position from different directions (along different straight lines 3) are imaged into different regions of a sensor of the camera 81. Knowing the imaging properties of the Camera 81 can then be determined from the measured spatial resolution, the solid angle resolution.

Such recordings are made for a variety of measurement positions, for which purpose the camera 81, for example, following an in-plane raster (Figure 7a) or ent ^¬ agitated for a curved surface and may be mounted to at ^¬ play, in a goniometer (Fi ^¬ gur 7b). The images thus produced can be composed having regard to the measurement positions, and so result in a luminance image of the illumination subject 1, that contain information as to from which surface element of the lighting motif in which directions (along wel ^¬ chen line 3) how much light is emitted.

Claims

claims

A method for producing a lighting arrangement for reproducing spatial views of a lighting motif (1), comprising the steps:

 Providing a three-dimensional illumination motif (1);

 Selecting a reference surface (21), that is, a surface defined in terms of distance and orientation to the illumination motif (1);

for a plurality of points on the Referenzflä ^¬ surface (21) and a plurality of surface elements (2) of the illumination pattern (1) Determination of in each case along a straight line (3) connecting the respective reference surface point and the respective Oberflä ^¬ chenelement (2), of the Oberflächenele ^¬ ment (2), that of the lighting motif (1), emitted luminous flux;

 Providing a lighting arrangement which is adapted to emit light at a plurality of emission surfaces in each case along a beam (4), the rays (4) of different emission surfaces being tilted relative to one another;

Setting of the illumination assembly in such a way that a reference surface point coincident each having a radiating surface and emitted from the each ^¬ weiligen emitting light as a beam (4) is delivered which lies on the straight line (3) of the respective reference area point, the emitting surface a of each reference surface point corresponding luminous flux emits.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein from the three-dimensional illumination motif (1) raw data are generated and the determination of the luminous flux per Refe ^¬ renzflächenpunkt done by rendering the raw data.

The method of claim 2, wherein an arrangement of the radiating surfaces is determined and the rendering is performed with respect to this predetermined arrangement.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the illumination motif (1) is a real arrangement and raw data thereof for determining the luminous flux per reference surface point are obtained by a luminance measurement, preferably by a wavelength- ^resolved luminance ^measurement .

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an illumination arrangement with the back gege ^¬ surrounded motif to the illumination pattern (1) a size ratio of at least 1: 4 has.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the reproduced illumination motif (1) is stationary in an area fraction of at least 50%.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the reproduction is changed in a manner adapted to a viewer, preferably by detecting at least one of a position of the observer and a movement of the observer with a sensor is and playback depending on it he ^¬ follows.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the relative progress of the reproduced spectrum at least in the visible spectral range corresponding to the solar spectrum, that the relative vary in a range of at least 50% of the visible spectral range by a maximum of 50% vonein ^¬ other Inten ^¬ intensities.

Illumination arrangement for reproducing spatial views of a lighting motif (1),

manufactured by a method according to any one of the preceding claims,

which is designed for operation in such a way that light is emitted at a multiplicity of emission surfaces, namely for each emission surface along a beam (4) and with a predetermined luminous flux,

wherein the at a radiating surface as a beam (4) from ^¬ given luminous flux to that of the illumination pattern (1) along a straight line (3) which connects the radiating surface and the illumination pattern (1) and on wel ^¬ cher the beam (4), corresponds to emitted luminous flux,

so that spatial illumination of the illumination ^motif (1) can be reproduced with the illumination ^arrangement .

Illumination arrangement according to claim 9, which is arranged ^¬ the stereoscopic views with respect to a first line of sight and with respect to a reproduce ne second, transversely extending to the first Be ^¬ trachtungslinie.

Lighting arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the illumination arrangement an imaging optical system (11, 51) comprising a light emitting surface (48) a light source (41) into the space abbil ^¬ det, preferably indefinitely.

Lighting arrangement according to claim 11, wherein a plurality of light-emitting surfaces (48) to a Be ^¬ lighting unit (5) are arranged side by side and from a common imaging optics (11, 51), preferably a spherical lens, along different beams (4) imaged become .

Lighting arrangement according to claim 12, wherein the imaging optics (11, 51) of a Beleuchtungsein ^¬ unit (5) comprises a microlens array (52), preferably ^¬ as a rotationally symmetrical microlens array (52).

Lighting arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein an illumination unit (5) and a latera ^¬ le extent of at most 10 cm and at least 0.25 cm, preferably to a next Benach ^¬ disclosed illumination unit (5) is spaced apart. 15. Lighting arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 14, wherein a light source (41) of a lighting processing unit comprises a phosphor element which is designed to emit converted light (71, 72, 73) as a result of excitation with a pump light emitted by a pump light source, preferably a laser or an LED, the converted light

(74) with a light guide (55), special ^¬ DERS is preferably supplied with a glass fiber, the further Ver ^¬ application preferably.

Lighting arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 15, the brightness up in a turned-off to ^¬ stand is dimmable, preferably continuously, more preferably, by a reduction of light emitted from a From ^¬ beam area of the illumination assembly luminous flux by reducing the input Leis ^¬ tung the light source ( 41).

9 to 16, which is designed for emitting a light flux of at least 100 lumen, preferably by performing illumination arrangement according to one of claims a re ^¬ duzierung of light emitted from an emitting light flux by reducing the input Leis ^¬ tung a light source (41).

18. Lighting arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 17 with a downstream of the emitting surfaces in the emission direction diffuser. 19. Lighting arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 18, which is subdivided into a plurality of lighting units (5), which are used to expand the Illumination accessible solid angle range are arranged tilted relative to a common surface.

Use of a lighting arrangement according to one of claims 9 to 19 for mounting as a ceiling, ^{vorzugswei ¬} se in a building.