EP2946435B1 - Antenna having a miniaturised waveguide - Google Patents
Antenna having a miniaturised waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- EP2946435B1 EP2946435B1 EP14700718.1A EP14700718A EP2946435B1 EP 2946435 B1 EP2946435 B1 EP 2946435B1 EP 14700718 A EP14700718 A EP 14700718A EP 2946435 B1 EP2946435 B1 EP 2946435B1
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- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- housing
- radiating
- pad
- connector
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
Definitions
- the present invention relates to waveguide antennas in particular in the frequency bands usually designated by the letters S and C, this designation being that of the IEEE (Institute of Electrotechnical and Electrical Engineers).
- the invention relates to antennas which are composed of two elements, an antenna housing which is in fact a transition between a coaxial cable for supplying energy and a radiating element, and a guide often rectangular wave which must ensure the emission of the antenna.
- the section of the waveguide must be compatible with the antenna box.
- Such an antenna is perfectly adapted to achieve a wall crossing to emit to the outside of a vehicle for example, thanks to the waveguide.
- the wall crossing is a unavoidable and binding element for the antenna; the purpose of the invention in such a case is to reduce the volume occupied by the antenna because the place - and the mass - are restricted in such a vehicle.
- connection technique or transition
- the best known is to use the central core of a coaxial conductor in the form of a cylindrical metal strand which is also frequently the extension of the central core of a coaxial connector for generating a field at a first end of a waveguide, the latter being open at a second of its ends, the waveguide thus achieving a radiating aperture.
- the disadvantage is that a waveguide or radiating aperture type antenna occupies a fairly large volume and requires that the core of the coaxial conductor is placed at ⁇ / 4 of the bottom of the waveguide.
- the waveguides which is that of the chains of transmission: one uses the waveguides - as their name indicates it - to transport the waves from one point to another, but without radiation towards outside.
- the transition or the passage between the power supply in coaxial form and the waveguide can also use elements in the form of microstrip ("microstrip line" in English) or flat surface (radiating wafer, or patch in English).
- the waveguide therefore has a transition at each end.
- the documents US2005 / 0200424 A1 , US2007 / 0182505 A1 in particular describe examples of waveguide connection as transmission elements using microstrips.
- the document US2003 / 151560 A1 describes a radio transmission device comprising an antenna made by a waveguide provided with an opening radiating in a given frequency band and comprising a radiating plate for excitation of the waveguide.
- the device may in particular be encapsulated in a dielectric package.
- the document WO20D7 / 124860 A1 discloses a radio transmission device comprising an antenna formed by a waveguide provided with an aperture radiating in a given frequency band and having a radiating waveguide for exciting the waveguide, which comprises an open housing on a upper connection face with a first end of the waveguide, the radiating plate being disposed in the housing.
- the object of the invention is to provide a radiant waveguide radiation device, in particular of the wall penetration type, with a small space power supply and in particular with a coaxial input.
- the invention uses a hybridization between a radiating wafer and a radiating waveguide instead of the coaxial-guide transition. wave to make the transition to the radiating waveguide.
- the principle of the present invention is to adjust the frequency of the antenna either with an adaptation in ⁇ / 4 which takes up a lot of space, but by adjusting the size of the transmitter element. This is obtained by using a hybrid technology of the radiating wafer type, "patch" in English, adapted in a waveguide so as to achieve good adaptation to the frequency in question while having a small footprint and a radiating aperture.
- a patch antenna is used as an antenna alone and has the advantage of occupying a small volume.
- the fact of encapsulating it is considered as being able to cause a mismatch and not to be compatible of the dimensions of the waveguide vis-à-vis the cutoff frequency of the guide.
- the effect remains minor and does not go against the hybridization and the realization of a radiating waveguide and more particularly of a radiating waveguide forming a watertight crossing.
- the present invention proposes a device according to claim 1.
- the device further comprises a housing open on an upper connection face with a first end of the waveguide, the radiating plate being disposed in the housing, a connector having a contact provided with an extension in connection with the radiating plate, the housing being a metal housing that electrically closes a first end of the waveguide.
- the wafer is attached to a substrate received in the housing.
- the wafer and the substrate are advantageously in this case a printed circuit.
- the waveguide is shaped through the wall and has an inner electrical and thermal insulating body covered with a metal strip.
- the metal strip is preferably made of refractory metal such as tantalum or tungsten.
- the waveguide advantageously has a section which decreases from the first end towards a second end opposite the first end, said second end being an open radiating end.
- the waveguide is a rectangular section tube.
- the radiating wafer is advantageously a wafer of rectangular general shape generating a linear polarization.
- the waveguide and the housing are of circular section.
- the radiating wafer is advantageously in this case a wafer of square general shape truncation generation of a circular polarization.
- the connector is according to a first embodiment a coaxial connector whose external contact is connected to a side face of the housing and whose central contact is connected to the wafer at the crossing by a micro-ribbon on the substrate.
- the connector is according to a second embodiment a coaxial connector whose external contact is connected to a lower face of the housing and whose central contact is connected at the crossing to the wafer by a conductor element passing through the printed circuit and welded to the wafer.
- the connector is according to a third embodiment a coaxial connector whose external contact is connected to a side face of the housing and whose central contact is connected to a micro-ribbon line coupling the central contact with the radiating plate, placed in a plane located between the radiating plate and the bottom of the case.
- the device furthermore comprises a metal-shank-type tuning element integrated into a wall of the waveguide and adapted to allow tuning of a tuning frequency in the band of the waveguide. frequency of the device.
- the waveguide antenna is of conical shape being reduced to its opposite side to the radiating wafer.
- the figure 1 represents a waveguide device of the prior art for which a distance of ⁇ / 4 must be respected between the antenna and the bottom short circuit of the waveguide.
- a radiating plate 3 forming a patch antenna is introduced into a housing 2 having a bottom and side walls but without an upper wall in order to connect with a waveguide 1.
- the housing is a short circuit metal housing at a first end of the waveguide and has a significantly reduced depth relative to the device of the figure 1 .
- the waveguide 1 is an open waveguide which constitutes a wall crossing.
- the waveguide 1 is of the same section as the housing at its junction with the housing and extends to a radiating opening opposite to the housing 2.
- the radiating plate 3 is formed as a printed circuit by a metal strip on the upper face of an insulating material.
- the parameters allowing this reduction are the permittivity ⁇ r of the substrate 5 of the printed circuit and the surface of the wafer 3, 31, 33 with respect to the surface of the opening of the waveguide in the plane of the wafer.
- the waveguide 1 comprises an internal electrical and thermal insulating body 11 covered with a metal strip 12.
- the material 11 is surrounded by a tantalum or tungsten type metal foil 12 forming the metal walls of the waveguide.
- the antenna casing 2 is a metal casing having the same section as the base of the waveguide into which is inserted the printed circuit composed of the substrate 5 and the radiating wafer or patch 3.
- the waveguide 1 has a section which decreases from the first end towards a second end opposite the first end, said second end being an open radiating end.
- the waveguide 1 is also a tube of rectangular section, which allows with a wafer 3 of generally rectangular shape to achieve a linear polarization antenna with a rectangular waveguide by hybridization of a linear polarization patch.
- the waveguide 100 and the casing 200 are of circular section whereas the radiating plate 31 is a generally square shaped plate with a truncation of generation of a circular polarization, which makes it possible to produce a circular polarization antenna with a guide of cylindrical wave by hybridization of a circular polarization patch.
- the supply of the radiating plate can be done in several ways.
- a coaxial connector 4 placed under the housing 2 has a central contact 41 connected to the wafer 3 by a wire 42 passing through the insulator and soldered to the wafer or via via the circuit board on which the contact central is welded to the underside of the printed circuit substrate 5 and an outside contact 40 welded under the housing.
- a coaxial connector 4 placed on a lateral side of the housing comprises a central contact 41 welded under a micro-ribbon line (microstrip line) 32 made on the same plane as the wafer 3 and an external contact 40 welded on the side of the case.
- the wafer 3 bonded to a first substrate 51 is placed on a second substrate 52 or fixed in the air in the housing.
- FIG. 6 differs from the embodiments described above in that the central contact is not connected by a track or an electrical wire to the wafer 33.
- the connection with the wafer is made by electromagnetic coupling by means of a micro line -tub 34 placed in a plane between the plate 33 and the bottom of the housing 2, the printed circuit being for example in this case a multilayer circuit 51, 52 unless the circuit 51 is disposed in the air in the housing.
- This latter configuration is shown with a lateral connector but can be made with a connector under the housing through a connection between the contact 41 and the micro-ribbon line.
- an adjustable-shank type metal tuning element 6 (stub in English) is integrated into the wall penetration 1 as represented in FIG. figure 7 .
- This tuning element allows tuning of the tuning frequency in the useful frequency band.
- the invention applies to telemetry and trajectory applications and more particularly those used for space vehicles including those of atmospheric reentry for which a passage of thermally insulating partition is necessary.
- the wall penetration and the housing have a complementary metal interface that allows their assembly.
- This interface is according to the example of the figure 8 made by folded edges 13, 21 provided with holes 131 for fixing by screw nut.
- An electrical conductive joint is conventionally disposed between the wall penetration and the housing.
- the waveguide antenna is of conical shape being reduced towards its opposite side to the radiating wafer.
- the conical shape (a few degrees of angle at the top) of the waveguide is intended to prevent the antenna is expelled due to thermomechanical stresses in the case of a waveguide positioned through a hot wall .
- the tools for defining the details and precise dimensions of the antenna for example using HFSS tool Ansys Corporation.
- the dimensions of the boxes also depend on the different technical elements used, such as connectors.
- the thickness of the antenna housing must be set to be compatible with the available connectors.
- the example shown corresponds to an SMA type connection (for Sub Miniature version A) of reduced dimensions and compatible with the application.
- figure 9 shows two results of measurement of TOS (standing wave ratio) of the antenna obtained in S-band for two stub lengths, 2mm and 10mm.
- the bandwidth obtained is of the order of 5% of the tuning frequency, which varies according to the length of the stub.
- the bandwidth can also be adjusted by adapting the size of the radiating wafer or patch and its distance to the bottom of the case, the use of a tuning element stub as described being however more convenient .
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- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne les antennes à guide d'onde notamment dans les bandes de fréquences usuellement désignées par les lettres S et C, cette désignation étant celle de l'IEEE (Institute of Electrotechnical and Electrical Engineers).The present invention relates to waveguide antennas in particular in the frequency bands usually designated by the letters S and C, this designation being that of the IEEE (Institute of Electrotechnical and Electrical Engineers).
Pour ce type d'application, l'invention concerne les antennes qui sont composées de deux éléments, un boitier d'antenne qui est en fait une transition entre un câble coaxial d'amenée de l'énergie et un élément rayonnant, et une guide d'onde souvent rectangulaire qui doit assurer l'émission de l'antenne. Evidemment, la section du guide d'onde doit être compatible avec le boitier d'antenne.For this type of application, the invention relates to antennas which are composed of two elements, an antenna housing which is in fact a transition between a coaxial cable for supplying energy and a radiating element, and a guide often rectangular wave which must ensure the emission of the antenna. Obviously, the section of the waveguide must be compatible with the antenna box.
Une telle antenne est parfaitement adaptée à réaliser une traversée de paroi pour émettre à l'extérieur d'un véhicule par exemple, grâce au guide d'onde.Such an antenna is perfectly adapted to achieve a wall crossing to emit to the outside of a vehicle for example, thanks to the waveguide.
Elle s'applique en particulier dans le cas des véhicules spatiaux.It applies in particular in the case of space vehicles.
En outre, pour les véhicules spatiaux capables de subir une rentrée atmosphérique tels que par exemple les sondes spatiales de rentrée atmosphérique sur des corps célestes dotés d'une atmosphère comme le sont la Terre, Mars, Venus ou Titan, la traversée de paroi est un élément incontournable et contraignant pour l'antenne ; le but de l'invention dans un tel cas est de réduire le volume occupé par l'antenne du fait que la place - et la masse - sont restreints dans un tel véhicule.In addition, for space vehicles capable of atmospheric reentry, such as, for example, atmospheric reentry probes on celestial bodies with an atmosphere such as the Earth, Mars, Venus or Titan, the wall crossing is a unavoidable and binding element for the antenna; the purpose of the invention in such a case is to reduce the volume occupied by the antenna because the place - and the mass - are restricted in such a vehicle.
Pour les applications d'antennes à guide d'onde et selon la
L'inconvénient est qu'une antenne de type guide d'onde ou à ouverture rayonnante occupe un volume assez important et nécessite que l'âme du conducteur coaxial soit placée à λ/4 du fond du guide d'onde.The disadvantage is that a waveguide or radiating aperture type antenna occupies a fairly large volume and requires that the core of the coaxial conductor is placed at λ / 4 of the bottom of the waveguide.
Il existe une autre utilisation des guides d'onde, qui est celle des chaines de transmission : on utilise les guides d'onde - comme leur nom l'indique - pour transporter les ondes d'un point à une autre, mais sans rayonnement vers l'extérieur. Dans ce cas, la transition ou le passage entre l'alimentation sous forme coaxiale et le guide d'onde peut aussi utiliser des éléments sous forme de microruban ("microstrip line" en anglais) ou de surface plane (plaquette rayonnante, ou patch en anglais). Dans ce type d'utilisation, le guide d'onde dispose donc d'une transition à chaque extrémité.There is another use of the waveguides, which is that of the chains of transmission: one uses the waveguides - as their name indicates it - to transport the waves from one point to another, but without radiation towards outside. In this case, the transition or the passage between the power supply in coaxial form and the waveguide can also use elements in the form of microstrip ("microstrip line" in English) or flat surface (radiating wafer, or patch in English). In this type of use, the waveguide therefore has a transition at each end.
Les documents
Le document
L'invention a pour but de réaliser un dispositif de rayonnement à guide d'onde rayonnant, notamment de type traversée de paroi, avec une alimentation de faible encombrement et notamment à arrivée coaxiale.The object of the invention is to provide a radiant waveguide radiation device, in particular of the wall penetration type, with a small space power supply and in particular with a coaxial input.
Pour ce faire, l'invention utilise une hybridation entre une plaquette rayonnante et un guide d'onde rayonnant au lieu de la transition coaxial-guide d'onde pour réaliser la transition vers le guide d'onde rayonnant.To do this, the invention uses a hybridization between a radiating wafer and a radiating waveguide instead of the coaxial-guide transition. wave to make the transition to the radiating waveguide.
Le principe de la présente invention est de régler la fréquence de l'antenne non plus avec une adaptation en λ/4 qui prend beaucoup de place, mais en réglant la dimension de l'élément émetteur. Ceci est obtenu en utilisant une technologie hybride de type plaquette rayonnante, "patch" en anglais, adaptée dans un guide d'onde de façon à réaliser une bonne adaptation à la fréquence considérée tout en ayant un faible encombrement et une ouverture rayonnante.The principle of the present invention is to adjust the frequency of the antenna either with an adaptation in λ / 4 which takes up a lot of space, but by adjusting the size of the transmitter element. This is obtained by using a hybrid technology of the radiating wafer type, "patch" in English, adapted in a waveguide so as to achieve good adaptation to the frequency in question while having a small footprint and a radiating aperture.
Dans la technique traditionnelle, une antenne patch est utilisée comme antenne seule et a l'avantage d'occuper un faible volume. Le fait de l'encapsuler est considéré comme pouvant provoquer une désadaptation et ne pas être compatible des dimensions du guide d'onde vis-à-vis de la fréquence de coupure du guide.In the traditional technique, a patch antenna is used as an antenna alone and has the advantage of occupying a small volume. The fact of encapsulating it is considered as being able to cause a mismatch and not to be compatible of the dimensions of the waveguide vis-à-vis the cutoff frequency of the guide.
Selon le principe de l'invention, l'effet reste mineur et ne va pas à l'encontre de l'hybridation et de la réalisation d'un guide d'onde rayonnant et plus particulièrement d'un guide d'onde rayonnant formant une traversée étanche.According to the principle of the invention, the effect remains minor and does not go against the hybridization and the realization of a radiating waveguide and more particularly of a radiating waveguide forming a watertight crossing.
Pour ce faire la présente invention propose un dispositif selon la revendication 1.To this end, the present invention proposes a device according to
Le dispositif comprend en outre un boîtier ouvert sur une face supérieure de raccordement avec une première extrémité du guide d'onde, la plaquette rayonnante étant disposée dans le boîtier, un connecteur comportant un contact pourvu d'une extension en liaison avec la plaquette rayonnante, le boîtier étant un boîtier métallique qui referme électriquement une première extrémité du guide d'onde. La plaquette est fixée sur un substrat reçu dans le boîtier. La plaquette et le substrat constituent avantageusement dans ce cas un circuit imprimé. Le guide d'onde est conformé en traversée de paroi et comporte un corps interne isolant électrique et thermique recouvert d'un feuillard métallique.The device further comprises a housing open on an upper connection face with a first end of the waveguide, the radiating plate being disposed in the housing, a connector having a contact provided with an extension in connection with the radiating plate, the housing being a metal housing that electrically closes a first end of the waveguide. The wafer is attached to a substrate received in the housing. The wafer and the substrate are advantageously in this case a printed circuit. The waveguide is shaped through the wall and has an inner electrical and thermal insulating body covered with a metal strip.
Le feuillard métallique est préférablement réalisé en métal réfractaire tel que le tantale ou le tungstène.The metal strip is preferably made of refractory metal such as tantalum or tungsten.
Le guide d'onde a avantageusement une section qui décroît de la première extrémité vers une seconde extrémité opposée à la première extrémité, ladite seconde extrémité étant une extrémité rayonnante ouverte.The waveguide advantageously has a section which decreases from the first end towards a second end opposite the first end, said second end being an open radiating end.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le guide d'onde est un tube de section rectangulaire.According to a particular embodiment, the waveguide is a rectangular section tube.
La plaquette rayonnante est dans ce cas avantageusement une plaquette de forme générale rectangulaire de génération d'une polarisation linéaire.In this case, the radiating wafer is advantageously a wafer of rectangular general shape generating a linear polarization.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, le guide d'onde et le boîtier sont de section circulaire.According to an alternative embodiment, the waveguide and the housing are of circular section.
La plaquette rayonnante est avantageusement dans ce cas une plaquette de forme générale carrée à troncature de génération d'une polarisation circulaire.The radiating wafer is advantageously in this case a wafer of square general shape truncation generation of a circular polarization.
Le connecteur est selon un premier mode de réalisation un connecteur coaxial dont le contact extérieur est raccordé sur une face latérale du boîtier et dont le contact central est relié à la plaquette au niveau de la traversée par un micro-ruban sur le substrat.The connector is according to a first embodiment a coaxial connector whose external contact is connected to a side face of the housing and whose central contact is connected to the wafer at the crossing by a micro-ribbon on the substrate.
Le connecteur est selon un deuxième mode de réalisation un connecteur coaxial dont le contact extérieur est raccordé sur une face inférieure du boîtier et dont le contact central est relié au niveau de la traversée à la plaquette par un élément de conducteur traversant le circuit imprimé et soudé à la plaquette.The connector is according to a second embodiment a coaxial connector whose external contact is connected to a lower face of the housing and whose central contact is connected at the crossing to the wafer by a conductor element passing through the printed circuit and welded to the wafer.
Le connecteur est selon un troisième mode de réalisation un connecteur coaxial dont le contact extérieur est raccordé sur une face latérale du boîtier et dont le contact central est relié à une ligne micro-ruban, de couplage du contact central avec la plaquette rayonnante, placée dans un plan situé entre la plaquette rayonnante et le fond du boîtier.The connector is according to a third embodiment a coaxial connector whose external contact is connected to a side face of the housing and whose central contact is connected to a micro-ribbon line coupling the central contact with the radiating plate, placed in a plane located between the radiating plate and the bottom of the case.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le dispositif comporte en outre un élément d'accord de type tige métallique à enfoncement réglable intégré dans une paroi du guide d'onde et adapté à permettre le réglage d'une fréquence d'accord dans la bande de fréquence du dispositif.According to an advantageous embodiment, the device furthermore comprises a metal-shank-type tuning element integrated into a wall of the waveguide and adapted to allow tuning of a tuning frequency in the band of the waveguide. frequency of the device.
Selon un mode de réalisation adapté à la traversée d'une paroi chaude, l'antenne guide d'onde est de forme conique se réduisant vers son côté opposé à la plaquette rayonnante.According to an embodiment adapted to the crossing of a hot wall, the waveguide antenna is of conical shape being reduced to its opposite side to the radiating wafer.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront apparents à la lecture de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs de l'invention en référence aux dessins qui représentent:
- en
figure 1 : des vues en coupe, de dessus et en perspective d'une terminaison de guide d'onde de l'art antérieur; - en
figure 2 : des vues schématiques de côté et de dessus d'un premier exemple de dispositif de l'invention; - en
figure 3 : des vues schématiques de côté et de dessus d'un second exemple de dispositif de l'invention; - en
figure 4 : des vues schématiques de côté et de dessus d'un premier mode de réalisation de raccordement d'une plaquette rayonnante dans un boîtier de dispositif de l'invention; - en
figure 5 : des vues schématiques de côté et de dessus d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de raccordement d'une plaquette rayonnante dans un boîtier de dispositif de l'invention; - en
figure 6 : des vues schématiques de côté et de dessus d'un troisième mode de réalisation de raccordement d'une plaquette rayonnante dans un boîtier de dispositif de l'invention; - en
figure 7 : une vue schématiques de côté d'un dispositif de l'invention pourvu d'un moyen d'accord; - en
figure 8 : des vues schématiques de côté et de dessus d'un dispositif de l'invention; - en
figure 9 : des courbes caractérisant un dispositif selon l'invention selon différents réglages du moyen d'accord.
- in
figure 1 : sectional views, from above and in perspective of a waveguide termination of the prior art; - in
figure 2 schematic side and top views of a first exemplary device of the invention; - in
figure 3 schematic side and top views of a second exemplary device of the invention; - in
figure 4 schematic side and top views of a first embodiment of connection of a radiating wafer in a device housing of the invention; - in
figure 5 schematic side and top views of a second embodiment of connection of a radiating wafer in a device housing of the invention; - in
figure 6 schematic side and top views of a third embodiment of connection of a radiating wafer in a device housing of the invention; - in
figure 7 : a schematic side view of a device of the invention provided with a means of agreement; - in
figure 8 schematic side and top views of a device of the invention; - in
figure 9 curves characterizing a device according to the invention according to different settings of the tuning means.
La
Selon la
Le boîtier est un boîtier métallique de court circuit d'une première extrémité du guide d'onde et comporte une profondeur nettement réduite par rapport au dispositif de la
Le guide d'onde 1 est un guide d'onde ouvert qui constitue une traversée de paroi.The
Le guide d'onde 1 est de même section que le boîtier au niveau de sa jonction avec le boîtier et se prolonge jusqu'à une ouverture rayonnante côté opposé au boîtier 2.The
La plaquette rayonnante 3 est réalisée sous forme de circuit imprimé par un feuillard métallique en face supérieure d'un matériau isolant.The radiating
Selon l'invention, il est recherché de réduire le volume du boîtier et notamment de réduire la distance entre la plaquette et le fond du boîtier par rapport au dispositif de la
Les paramètres permettant cette réduction sont la permittivité εr du substrat 5 du circuit imprimé et la surface de la plaquette 3, 31, 33 par rapport à la surface de l'ouverture du guide d'onde dans le plan de la plaquette.The parameters allowing this reduction are the permittivity εr of the
Dans l'application traversée de paroi selon la présente invention, le guide d'onde 1 comporte un corps interne 11 isolant électrique et thermique recouvert d'un feuillard métallique 12.In the wall penetration application according to the present invention, the
Le matériau de protection thermique compatible d'une rentrée atmosphérique et suffisamment transparent aux ondes électromagnétiques est par exemple un matériau à base de silice, tel une silicone ou un matériau céramique composite à base de fibres de silice, notamment un matériau de permittivité εr=3. Le matériau 11 est entouré d'un feuillard métallique 12 réfractaire type tantale ou tungstène formant les parois métalliques du guide d'onde.The compatible thermal protection material of an atmospheric reentry and sufficiently transparent to electromagnetic waves is, for example, a material based on silica, such as a silicone or a ceramic composite material based on silica fibers, in particular a material of permittivity εr = 3 . The
Le boîtier d'antenne 2 est un boîtier métallique ayant la même section que la base du guide d'onde dans le quel est introduit le circuit imprimé composé du substrat 5 et de la plaquette rayonnante ou patch 3.The
Toujours selon la
Selon la
L'alimentation de la plaquette rayonnante peut se faire de plusieurs façons.The supply of the radiating plate can be done in several ways.
Selon la
Selon la
Selon cet exemple à très faible profondeur, la plaquette 3 liée à un premier substrat 51 est posée sur un second substrat 52 ou fixée en l'air dans le boîtier.According to this example at very short depth, the
L'exemple de la
Cette dernière configuration est représentée avec un connecteur latéral mais peut être réalisée avec un connecteur sous le boîtier moyennant une liaison entre le contact 41 et la ligne micro-ruban.This latter configuration is shown with a lateral connector but can be made with a connector under the housing through a connection between the
Pour améliorer la bande passante et la fréquence d'accord de l'ensemble un élément d'accord de type tige métallique à enfoncement réglable 6 (stub en anglais) est intégré dans la traversée de paroi 1 comme représenté en
Cet élément d'accord permet le réglage de la fréquence d'accord dans la bande de fréquence utile.This tuning element allows tuning of the tuning frequency in the useful frequency band.
L'invention s'applique pour des applications de télémesure et de trajectographie et plus particulièrement celles utilisées pour les véhicules spatiaux y compris ceux de rentrée atmosphérique pour lesquels une traversée de cloison thermiquement isolante est nécessaire.The invention applies to telemetry and trajectory applications and more particularly those used for space vehicles including those of atmospheric reentry for which a passage of thermally insulating partition is necessary.
La traversée de paroi et le boîtier ont une interface métallique complémentaire qui permet leur assemblage. Cette interface est selon l'exemple de la
Un joint conducteur électrique est disposé classiquement entre la traversée de paroi et le boîtier.An electrical conductive joint is conventionally disposed between the wall penetration and the housing.
Selon la
La forme conique (quelques degrés d'angle au sommet) du guide d'onde est destinée à éviter que l'antenne ne soit expulsée suite aux contraintes thermomécaniques dans le cas d'un guide d'onde positionné au travers d'une parois chaude.The conical shape (a few degrees of angle at the top) of the waveguide is intended to prevent the antenna is expelled due to thermomechanical stresses in the case of a waveguide positioned through a hot wall .
A partir du principe de l'invention, les outils permettant de définir les détails et dimensions précises de l'antenne, par exemple en utilisant d'outil HFSS de la société Ansys Corporation.From the principle of the invention, the tools for defining the details and precise dimensions of the antenna, for example using HFSS tool Ansys Corporation.
A noter que les dimensions du boitiers dépendent aussi des différents éléments techniques utilisés, tels les connecteurs. Par exemple, l'épaisseur du boîtier d'antenne doit être définie de façon à être compatible avec les connecteurs disponibles. L'exemple représenté correspond à une connectique de type SMA (pour Sub Miniature version A) de dimensions réduites et compatibles avec l'application.Note that the dimensions of the boxes also depend on the different technical elements used, such as connectors. For example, the thickness of the antenna housing must be set to be compatible with the available connectors. The example shown corresponds to an SMA type connection (for Sub Miniature version A) of reduced dimensions and compatible with the application.
Au final, avec une connectique de type SMA commercialisée notamment par la société RADIALL, on peut obtenir un boitier d'antenne, de dimensions 4,5 mm X 45 X 25 mm, avec une antenne patch de 20 X 35 mm en Cuivre sur un substrat PTFE/verre, là où avec la technologie antérieure le boitier avait une dimension de 30 X 50 X 25 mm. L'épaisseur est donc de seulement 4,5 mm, alors que dans la conception initiale, cette épaisseur était de 30 mm, soit plus de 6 fois plus.In the end, with a SMA type of connector marketed in particular by the company RADIALL, it is possible to obtain an antenna box, of dimensions 4.5 mm X 45 X 25 mm, with a patch antenna 20 X 35 mm copper on a PTFE / glass substrate, where with the previous technology the case had a dimension of 30 X 50 X 25 mm. The thickness is only 4.5 mm, whereas in the initial design, this thickness was 30 mm, more than 6 times more.
L'influence de l'élément de réglage d'accord, stub 6, de la
Il y a lieu de noter que la bande passante peut également être ajustée en adaptant la taille de la plaquette rayonnante ou patch et sa distance au fond du boitier, l'usage d'un élément d'accord stub tel que décrit étant toutefois plus commode.It should be noted that the bandwidth can also be adjusted by adapting the size of the radiating wafer or patch and its distance to the bottom of the case, the use of a tuning element stub as described being however more convenient .
Claims (13)
- Radio transmission device comprising an antenna produced by a waveguide (1, 100), provided with an aperture radiating in a given frequency band, and comprising a waveguide excitation radiating pad, which comprises a housing (2, 200) open on a top face for connection with a first end of the waveguide (1, 100), the radiating pad (3, 31, 33) being arranged in the housing, a connector (4), comprising a contact (41) provided with an extension (32, 42, 34) electrically linked or electromagnetically coupled with the radiating pad being arranged on the housing, said housing being a metal housing which electrically encloses a first end of the waveguide (1, 100), characterized in that the waveguide (1, 100) is conformed as tight wall passage and comprises an electrically and thermally insulating internal body (11) covered with a metal leaf (12).
- Device according to Claim 1, for which the pad (3, 31, 33) is fixed onto a substrate (5, 51) received in the housing.
- Device according to Claim 1 or 2, for which the metal leaf (12) is produced in a refractory metal such as tantalum or tungsten.
- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, for which the waveguide (1, 100) has a section which decreases from the first end to a second end opposite the first end, said second end being an open radiating end.
- Device according to Claim 4, for which the waveguide (1) is a tube of rectangular section.
- Device according to Claim 5, for which the radiating pad is a pad (3, 33) of generally rectangular form for generating a linear polarization.
- Device according to Claim 4, for which the waveguide (100) and the housing (200) are of circular section.
- Device according to Claim 7, for which the radiating pad (31) is a pad of generally square form with truncation for generating a circular polarization.
- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, for which the connector (4) is a coaxial connector whose outer contact (40) is connected to a lateral face of the housing (2) and whose central contact (41) is linked to the pad at the passage level by a microstrip (32) on the substrate (5).
- Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, for which the connector (4) is a coaxial connector whose outer contact (40) is connected to a bottom face of the housing (2) and whose central contact is linked at the level of the passage to the pad (3) by a conductive element (42) passing through the printed circuit and soldered to the pad.
- Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, for which the connector (4) is a coaxial connector whose outer contact (40) is connected to a lateral face of the housing (2) and whose central contact (41) is linked to a microstrip line (34), for coupling the central contact with the radiating pad (33), said microstrip line being placed in a plane situated between the radiating pad (33) and the bottom of the housing.
- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a tuning element in the form of a metal rod with adjustable depression (6) incorporated in a wall of the waveguide (1, 100) and suitable for allowing the adjustment of a tuning frequency in the frequency band of the device.
- Device according to any one of the preceding claims, for which the waveguide comprises a first end, comprising the radiating pad and enclosed by the housing and a second open radiating end and is of tapered form reducing from the first end to the second end.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1350457A FR3001342B1 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2013-01-18 | MINIATURIZED ANTENNA |
PCT/EP2014/050876 WO2014111505A1 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2014-01-17 | Antenna having a miniaturised waveguide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2946435A1 EP2946435A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2946435B1 true EP2946435B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
Family
ID=48652209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP14700718.1A Active EP2946435B1 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2014-01-17 | Antenna having a miniaturised waveguide |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2946435B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2690338T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3001342B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014111505A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US12009568B1 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2024-06-11 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Thermal protection system including high temperature radio frequency aperture |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1014471A1 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Waveguide-transmission line transition |
JP2001168632A (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-22 | Nippon Antenna Co Ltd | Horn antenna and primary radiator |
US6891513B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2005-05-10 | Vega Greishaber, Kg | Antenna system for a level measurement apparatus |
EP1555721B1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2007-09-05 | National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Incorporated Administrative Agency | Antenna device |
JP2005260570A (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-09-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Microstripline waveguide converter |
DE102005010895B4 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2007-02-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Aperture-coupled antenna |
JP4568235B2 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2010-10-27 | 株式会社デンソー | Transmission line converter |
DE102006019688B4 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2014-10-23 | Vega Grieshaber Kg | Patch antenna with ceramic disc as cover |
-
2013
- 2013-01-18 FR FR1350457A patent/FR3001342B1/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-01-17 WO PCT/EP2014/050876 patent/WO2014111505A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-01-17 EP EP14700718.1A patent/EP2946435B1/en active Active
- 2014-01-17 ES ES14700718.1T patent/ES2690338T3/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014111505A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
EP2946435A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
FR3001342A1 (en) | 2014-07-25 |
ES2690338T3 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
FR3001342B1 (en) | 2016-05-13 |
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