EP2943740B1 - Sicherungsanordnung für einen geschosszünder - Google Patents

Sicherungsanordnung für einen geschosszünder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2943740B1
EP2943740B1 EP14705581.8A EP14705581A EP2943740B1 EP 2943740 B1 EP2943740 B1 EP 2943740B1 EP 14705581 A EP14705581 A EP 14705581A EP 2943740 B1 EP2943740 B1 EP 2943740B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
firing pin
head
housing
interrupter
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14705581.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2943740A1 (de
Inventor
Herzel ALON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elbit Systems Land and C4I Ltd
Original Assignee
Elbit Systems Land and C4I Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elbit Systems Land and C4I Ltd filed Critical Elbit Systems Land and C4I Ltd
Publication of EP2943740A1 publication Critical patent/EP2943740A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2943740B1 publication Critical patent/EP2943740B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/188—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety assembly for ammunition and more particularly, to a safety assembly that includes an interrupter.
  • Explosive mortar projectiles are usually equipped with a fuze assembly which is armed after the launch, and ignited in response to target impact.
  • many mortar fuzes comprise a mechanism for arming the projectile only responsive to the setback forces applied during the launch of the mortar projectile and after predefined delay.
  • FIG 1A is a cutaway diagram of an exemplary fuze according to the prior art.
  • Prior art fuze 10 includes a housing 1 which defines a cavity in which a firing pin 2 is located together with a compression spring device 3 arranged such that compression spring device 3 is configured to push firing pin 2 towards the direction of advancement of the mortar projectile upon launch (referred herein in this disclosure as “upwards", while “downwards” refers to the opposite direction).
  • an interrupter 4 rotatably attached to a shaft 5 which is affixed via a torsion spring 6 to housing 1.
  • Interrupter 4 has a cavity configured to accommodate a detonator 8. In a safe position, firing pin 2 cannot accidently reach detonator 8 in case firing pin 2 is pressed downwards as detonator 8 is not located along the line of firing pin 2.
  • Cavity 7 is configured to house a secondary detonator.
  • setback forces applied to prior art fuze 10 press firing pin 2 downwards so that the tip of firing pin 2 activates the rotation of interrupter 4, for example, by piercing a protective foil (not shown) or by removing any other stopper which maintains interrupter 4 at its location in the safe position.
  • spring device 3 pushes firing pin 2 upwards, thus enabling interrupter 4 to rotate around shaft 5.
  • detonator 8 is aligned with firing pin 2 and prior art fuze 10 shifts to an armed position.
  • FIG. 1B is perspective view diagram 20 illustrating a safe and arm (S&A) mechanism 20 used in mortar fuzes to provide a safety measure.
  • Mortar fuzes may be provided with a safely assembly configured to lock the rotational movement of interrupter 150 in the safe position and to enable the rotational movement of interrupter 150 responsive to the setback forces and a subsequent cease thereof.
  • S&A assembly 20 includes: a first safety plunger 330 having a cone-shaped top; a second safety plunger 320 having a radially protruding shoulder and a stopper 322 configured to lock the radial movement of interrupter 150 in the safe mode (possibly by interacting with a teeth wheel 340 surrounding interrupter 150 ).
  • S&A assembly further includes a locking member 350 that rests, in the safe mode, on the shoulder of second safety plunger 320 so that it locks its movement.
  • first safety plunger 330 is configured, responsive to the setback forces, to move downwards so that locking member 350 moves from the shoulder of second safely plunger 320 and reaches the cone-shaped top thus unlocking second safety plunger 320.
  • second safety plunger 320 is configured, responsive to the same setback forces and upon being unlocked, to move downwards so that stopper 322 is released from interrupter 150 allowing the clockwork piece 310 to rotate the interrupter to the armed position.
  • GB1017380A discloses an arming device for a projectile or missile fuze.
  • a striker pin is thrust further into a hole by acceleration forces and wedging balls move rearwards and away from the pin.
  • a spring forces the striking pin clear of a drum which then rotates in co-operation with a rocker until a passage and priming charge are aligned with the striker pin.
  • DE102008053990 discloses a fuze for a projectile, having a fuze train, having an interruptor for interrupting the fuze train, the interruptor being designed to snap from a safety position into a live position when unlocked, and having a locking means to lock the interruptor in the safety position and to unlock the interruptor by means of an unlocking movement.
  • EP0235005A1 discloses a fuse in which in that the striker is guided in its middle part in the body and its head in the nose, whilst an axial weight sliding round the striker is stressed towards the head of the striker.
  • the present invention provides a and additional secondary safely assembly that enables a firing pin to enter more deeply into the interrupter in the safe position to increase safety provided by the S&A locking mechanism for the interrupter that is activated and deactivated responsive to similar conditions as the proposed secondary safety assembly.
  • both S&A and secondary safety assemblies have to operate properly so that the fuze switches from a 'safe' into an 'armed' position.
  • a secondary safety assembly for ammunition.
  • the secondary safety assembly in accordance with independent claim 1 includes: a housing defining a cavity with an opening at its top; a nose cap which covers the opening wherein the nose cap is connected to the housing by a compression spring; a firing pin with a head having a radially protruding shoulder, wherein the firing pin is directed downwards; a locking means which when in a safe position, rests between the shoulder of the head and the inner walls of the housing; and an interrupter rotatably attached to a shaft that is affixed to the housing wherein the shaft is located along an axis parallel to the firing pin, wherein the interrupter comprises a first cavity located, in the safe position, along the axis of the firing pin and shaped to accommodate a portion of the firing pin, and wherein the interrupter further comprises a second cavity configured to accommodate a detonator, wherein the firing pin is configured to move downwards responsive to setback forces during launch of the ammunition so that the locking means is released
  • a fuse comprising, in addition to the aforementioned secondary safety mechanism, an S&A safety assembly configured to lock a rotational movement of the interrupter in the safe position and to unlock the rotational movement of the interrupter responsive to the setback forces and a subsequent cease thereof, wherein the operation of the S&A assembly is coordinated with the operation of the secondary safety assembly.
  • FIGS 2A-2E illustrate a sequence of cutaway diagrams demonstrating the operation of the safety assembly in a step by step manner, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fuze 100 includes a housing 110 defining a cavity with an opening at its top. The opening may be covered by a suitably shaped nose cap 130 which is coupled to a first compression spring 124.
  • a firing pin 140 has a bulky head 132 which is coupled to housing 110 via second compression spring 122. Firing pin 140 is free to move back and forth (when uninterrupted).
  • Fuze 100 further includes an interrupter 150 rotatably attached to a shaft 152 that is affixed to housing 110 such that shaft 152 is located along an axis parallel to that of firing pin 140. Additionally, interrupter 150 includes a first cavity 154 located, in the safe position, along the axis of firing pin 140 and shaped to accommodate a portion of firing pin 140. Interrupter 150 further includes a second cavity 160 configured to accommodate a detonator.
  • a safety wire 112 cuts through housing 110 and overlaps the bottom of head 132 such that it serves as a stopper so that firing pin 140 is locked in the safe position.
  • Figure 2B shows fuze 100 with safety wire 112 removed.
  • firing pin 140 is free to move back and forth within the cavity together with the nose cap 130 affixed to it and subject to the force applied to first compression spring device 124 that connects nose cap 130 to housing 110.
  • first compression spring device 124 that connects nose cap 130 to housing 110.
  • Figure 2C shows fuze 100 upon launching, when launch-acceleration setback forces are applied to head 132 pulling it and firing pin 140 sufficiently downwards so that locking means 146 is released from its location between the shoulder of head 132 and housing 110. Consequently, a portion of the firing pin 140 enters first cavity 154 as long as the setback forces are applied at a level that overcomes the expansion forces of second compression spring device 122. In this position, firing pin 140 serves as a locking mechanism to interrupter 150 by preventing any rotary movement thereof.
  • Figure 2D shows fuze 100 after the setback forces have ceased. Head 132 and firing pin are pushed upwards by second compression spring device 122 so that the shoulder of head 132 reaches housing 100, so that firing pin 140 exits first cavity 154 entirely. In this position, firing pin 140 no longer serves as a locking mechanism to interrupter 150. Additionally, any target impact affecting nose cap 130 will be transferred to firing pin 140 directly. The fuze is however not yet armed in this position (which lasts a very short period) as firing pin 140 is still aligned with first cavity 154.
  • Figure 2E shows fuze 100 in an armed position after interrupter 150 has been rotated approximately 180° by some rotating means such as a clockwork piece (not shown here). It is understood that such clockwork pieces are well known in the art and are used herein to provide a further delay (possibly of approximately 1 second) from the moment the setback forces cease and the arming of the fuze, which occur once interrupter 150 completes its rotary movements so that second cavity 160 (with a detonator within) aligns with firing pin 140.
  • clockwork pieces are well known in the art and are used herein to provide a further delay (possibly of approximately 1 second) from the moment the setback forces cease and the arming of the fuze, which occur once interrupter 150 completes its rotary movements so that second cavity 160 (with a detonator within) aligns with firing pin 140.
  • FIG 3 is another cutaway diagram and used herein to focus on the combined S&A and secondary safety mechanism aspect of the fuze according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fuze 100 is shown here in the safe position with safety wire 112 inserted.
  • S&A mechanism 20 which has been discussed above is also shown (with most of its component obscured). The inventors have found it advantageous to use, as a secondary safety measure, safety mechanism 100 in conjunction with the S&A mechanism 20.
  • These two mechanisms operate independently of each other in the sense that in a case that one of them fails, the other one is not affected by the failure. Additionally, each proper operation of these two mechanisms is solely dependent on the setback forces and their increase or decrease over time.
  • the method of increasing safety for ammunition may include the following steps: providing a mortar fuze having a safety assembly in accordance with the independent assembly claim 1 including a firing pin with a head having a radially protruding shoulder, wherein the firing pin is directed downwards; providing a locking means which when in a safe position, rests between the shoulder of the head and the housing; and providing an interrupter rotatably attached to a shaft that is affixed to the housing wherein the shaft is located along an axis parallel to the firing pin, wherein the interrupter comprises a first cavity located, in the safe position, along the axis of the firing pin and shaped to accommodate a portion of the firing pin, and wherein the interrupter further comprises a second cavity configured to accommodate a detonator; enabling the firing pin to move downwards responsive to setback forces during launch of the

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Claims (9)

  1. Eine Sicherungsanordnung für ein Geschoss, umfassend:
    Ein Gehäuse (110), das einen Hohlraum mit einer Öffnung an seiner Oberseite definiert;
    eine Nasenkappe (130), die die Öffnung abdeckt, wobei die Nasenkappe mit dem Gehäuse über eine erste Druckfeder (124) verbunden ist;
    einen Zündstift (140) mit einem Kopfteil (132), das eine radial herausstehende Schulter hat, wobei der Zündstift nach unten gerichtet ist;
    eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung (146), die, wenn sie sich in einer gesicherten Position befindet, zwischen der Schulter des Kopfteils (132) und dem Gehäuse (110) ruht; und
    einen Unterbrecher (150), der drehbar am Schaft (152) befestigt ist, der am Gehäuse (110) angebracht ist, wobei der Schaft entlang der Achse parallel zum Zündstift (140) positioniert ist, wobei der Unterbrecher einen ersten Hohlraum (154) umfasst, der sich in der gesicherten Position entlang der Achse des Zündstifts befindet und geformt ist, um einen Teil des Zündstifts unterzubringen, und wobei der Unterbrecher darüber hinaus einen zweiten Hohlraum (160) aufweist, der konfiguriert ist, einen Detonator aufzunehmen,
    wobei der Zündstift (140) konfiguriert ist, sich als Reaktion auf die Rückschlagkräfte beim Abschuss des Geschosses nach unten zu bewegen, so dass die Verriegelungsvorrichtung (146) von ihrer Position zwischen der Schulter des Kopfteils (132) und dem Gehäuse (110) freigegeben wird und ein Teil des Zündstifts (140) in den ersten Hohlraum (154) eintritt, und
    wobei der Zündstift (140) ferner konfiguriert ist, sich als Reaktion auf eine Beendigung der Rückschlagkräfte nach oben zu bewegen, so dass sich die Schulter des Kopfteils (132) zum Gehäuse (110) bewegt und so dass der Zündstift (140) den ersten Hohlraum (154) vollständig verlässt,
    wobei die Sicherheitsanordnung ferner eine zweite Druckfeder (122) umfasst, die die Unterseite des Kopfteils (132) und das Gehäuse (110) verbindet,
    wobei die zweite Druckfeder (122) konfiguriert ist, in der gesicherten Position, das Kopfteil (132) nach oben zu drücken, so dass die Verriegelungsvorrichtung (146) an der Schulter des Kopfteils (132) bleibt bis die Rückschlagkräfte eine Expansionskraft der zweiten Druckfeder (122) überwinden.
  2. Die Sicherheitsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, die so konfiguriert ist, dass, wenn der Zündstift (140) den ersten Hohlraum (154) vollständig verlässt, jeder Zielaufprall, der die Nasenkappe (130) trifft, direkt an den Zündstift (140) übertragen wird.
  3. Die Sicherheitsanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, die ferner einen Uhrwerkmechanismus umfasst, der konfiguriert ist, um den Unterbrecher (150) von der gesicherten Position in die scharfe Position zu drehen, in die der zweite Hohlraum (160) im Unterbrecher am Zündstift (140) ausgerichtet wird.
  4. Die Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweite Druckfeder (122) konfiguriert ist, das Kopfteil (132) nach oben zu drücken, sobald die Verriegelungsvorrichtung (146) freigegeben und die Rückschlagkräfte beendet sind, so dass das Kopfteil (132) das Gehäuse (110) erreicht und der Zündstift (140) den ersten Hohlraum (154) vollständig verlässt.
  5. Die Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die ferner einen Sicherheitsdraht (112) umfasst, der durch das Gehäuse (110) schneidet und die Unterseite des Kopfteils (132) überlappt, so dass der Zündstift (140) im gesicherten Modus verriegelt wird.
  6. Die Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verriegelungsvorrichtung eine Kugel (146) ist.
  7. Ein Geschosszünder, der eine Sicherheitsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 und ferner eine Safe-and-Arm "S&A"-Anordnung (20) umfasst, die konfiguriert ist, um eine Drehbewegung des Unterbrechers (150) in der gesicherten Position zu blockieren und die Drehbewegung des Unterbrechers (150), als Reaktion auf die Rückschlagkräfte und eine nachfolgende Beendigung dieser Kräfte, freizugeben, wobei die Funktion der S&A-Anordnung mit der Funktion der Sicherheitsanordnung koordiniert ist.
  8. Der Zünder nach Anspruch 7, wobei die S&A-Anordnung Folgendes umfasst:
    einen ersten Sicherheitskolben (330) mit einer kegelförmigen Spitze;
    einen zweiten Sicherheitskolben (320) mit einer radial herausstehenden Schulter und einem Anschlag (322), der konfiguriert ist, die radiale Bewegung des Unterbrechers (150) im gesicherten Modus zu blockieren; und
    ein Verriegelungsteil (350), das im gesicherten Modus auf der Schulter des zweiten Sicherheitskolbens ruht, so dass es seine Bewegung blockiert,
    wobei der erste Sicherheitskolben (320) konfiguriert ist, sich als Reaktion auf die Rückschlagkräfte, nach unten zu bewegen, damit sich das Verriegelungsteil (350) von der Schulter des zweiten Sicherheitskolbens (320) weg bewegt und die kegelförmige Spitze erreicht, und damit der zweite Sicherheitskolben (320) entriegelt wird, und
    wobei der zweite Sicherheitskolben (320) konfiguriert ist, sich als Reaktion auf die Rückschlagkräfte und bei der Freigabe, nach unten zu bewegen, damit der Anschlag (322) vom Unterbrecher freigegeben und dem Uhrwerkteil erlaubt wird, den Unterbrecher (150) in die scharfe Position zu drehen, vorausgesetzt der Zündstift (140) hat den ersten Hohlraum (154) vollständig verlassen.
  9. Ein Verfahren für die Erhöhung der Sicherheit für ein Geschoss, das Folgendes umfasst:
    Bereitstellen eines Mörserzünders mit einer Sicherheitsanordnung gemäß der unabhängigen Anordnung in Anspruch1, der
    einen Zündstift (140) mit einem Kopfteil (132) umfasst, das eine radial herausstehende Schulter hat, wobei der Zündstift nach unten gerichtet ist; wobei
    der Mörserzünder ein Gehäuse (110) umfasst, das einen Hohlraum mit einer Öffnung an seiner Oberseite definiert, und eine Nasenkappe (130), die die Öffnung abdeckt, wobei die Nasenkappe (130) mit einer ersten Druckfeder (124) gekoppelt ist, die mit einer Innenwand des Gehäuses verbunden ist;
    Bereitstellen einer Verriegelungsvorrichtung (146), die, wenn sie sich in einer gesicherten Position befindet, zwischen der Schulter des Kopfteils und dem Gehäuse ruht; und
    Bereitstellen eines Unterbrechers (150), der drehbar am Schaft befestigt ist, der am Gehäuse angebracht ist, wobei der Schaft entlang der Achse parallel zum Zündstift positioniert ist, wobei der Unterbrecher einen ersten Hohlraum umfasst, der sich in der gesicherten Position entlang der Achse des Zündstifts befindet und geformt ist, um einen Teil des Zündstifts unterzubringen, und wobei der Unterbrecher darüber hinaus einen zweiten Hohlraum aufweist, der konfiguriert ist, um einen Detonator aufzunehmen;
    Ermöglichen, dass sich der Zündstift (140) als Reaktion auf die Rückschlagkräfte beim Abschuss des Geschosses nach unten bewegt, so dass die Verriegelungsvorrichtung von ihrer Position zwischen der Schulter des Kopfteils und dem Gehäuse freigegeben wird und ein Teil des Zündstifts in den ersten Hohlraum eintritt, und
    Ermöglichen, dass sich der Zündstift (140) als Reaktion auf eine Beendigung der Rückschlagkräfte nach oben bewegt, so dass sich die Schulter des Kopfteils zum Gehäuse bewegt und so dass der Zündstift (140) den ersten Hohlraum (154) vollständig verlässt,
    wobei die Sicherheitsanordnung ferner eine zweite Druckfeder (122) umfasst, die die Unterseite des Kopfteils (132) und das Gehäuse (110) verbindet,
    wobei die zweite Druckfeder (122) konfiguriert ist, in der gesicherten Position, das Kopfteil (132) nach oben zu drücken, so dass die Verriegelungsvorrichtung (146) an der Schulter des Kopfteils (132) bleibt bis die Rückschlagkräfte eine Expansionskraft der zweiten Druckfeder (122) überwinden.
EP14705581.8A 2013-01-13 2014-01-12 Sicherungsanordnung für einen geschosszünder Not-in-force EP2943740B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL224201A IL224201A (en) 2013-01-13 2013-01-13 Safety mechanism for obscurity
PCT/IL2014/050028 WO2014108904A1 (en) 2013-01-13 2014-01-12 Safety assembly for an ammunition fuze

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2943740A1 EP2943740A1 (de) 2015-11-18
EP2943740B1 true EP2943740B1 (de) 2018-08-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14705581.8A Not-in-force EP2943740B1 (de) 2013-01-13 2014-01-12 Sicherungsanordnung für einen geschosszünder

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2943740B1 (de)
IL (1) IL224201A (de)
LT (1) LT2943740T (de)
WO (1) WO2014108904A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111879191B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2022-04-08 南京理工大学 具有侵彻时间自适应功能的迫击炮弹弹头机械触发引信

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE556752A (de) * 1956-09-05
BE628700A (de) * 1963-02-21
FR1477420A (fr) * 1964-06-29 1967-04-21 Fusée percutante pour projectile
FR2594220B1 (fr) * 1986-02-07 1988-05-20 Mecanique Ste Nle Et Fusee-detonateur percutante instantanee pour projectiles non-girants
DE102008053990B4 (de) * 2008-10-30 2010-07-22 Junghans Microtec Gmbh Zünder für ein Geschoss
WO2011108980A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-09 Life Time Engineering Aktiebolag Safety assembly for ammunition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL224201A (en) 2016-04-21
LT2943740T (lt) 2018-11-12
WO2014108904A1 (en) 2014-07-17
EP2943740A1 (de) 2015-11-18

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