EP2942850B1 - Optical arcing detector and arc detecting device with such detector - Google Patents
Optical arcing detector and arc detecting device with such detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2942850B1 EP2942850B1 EP14167133.9A EP14167133A EP2942850B1 EP 2942850 B1 EP2942850 B1 EP 2942850B1 EP 14167133 A EP14167133 A EP 14167133A EP 2942850 B1 EP2942850 B1 EP 2942850B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- arc
- optical
- housing
- light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
- H02H3/044—Checking correct functioning of protective arrangements, e.g. by simulating a fault
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4292—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements the light guide being disconnectable from the opto-electronic element, e.g. mutually self aligning arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
- H02H1/0023—Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/50—Means for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical arc sensor for detecting an arc in an electrical system having a housing base and a housing cover which can be placed on the housing cover having sensor housing, a first optical fiber whose one end is arranged to detect a light signal generated by an arc within the sensor housing, a second optical waveguide, one end of which is arranged to emit a test light signal within the sensor housing, wherein the arranged within the sensor housing ends of the two optical fibers are in optical communication with each other, the sensor housing has a guide that guides the two optical fibers within the sensor housing such that their respective ends are arranged in a light detection area parallel to each other and directed directly toward each other, the housing cover is formed substantially flat and in the region of the light detection area a na ch outwardly directed curvature, which is made of the same material as the housing cover, and the guide is formed such that the arranged inside the sensor housing ends of the optical fiber ends are led out on the same side of the sensor housing from the sensor housing and wherein the guide so is configured so that both optical fiber
- Arcs in electrical systems for example in electrical medium-voltage cabinets, caused by a flashover due to a fault (eg a short circuit), which may for example result from a defective insulation. Since large amounts of energy are released at short notice in such an arc, damage can occur the electrical system and serious threats to life and limb of operators of the electrical system. Therefore, when arcing occurs in electrical systems to take immediate countermeasures to interrupt the arc as soon as possible. For this purpose, the current flow within the electrical system is usually interrupted by opening a switching device, so that the arc comes to extinction. In addition, under certain circumstances, also anticipatory smaller flashovers, which may indicate an arc to detect, to reduce by implementing countermeasures, the risk of a larger arc.
- a fault eg a short circuit
- optical arc sensors For detecting an arc, it is known to use optical arc sensors. These detect the emitted from the arc electro-optical radiation, which may be in the range of visible light, next or alternatively, but may include other, not visible to humans wavelength components.
- the electro-optical radiation resulting from an arc is summarized in a simplified manner called "light” or "light signal".
- active sensors in which electrically active elements (eg, photodiodes, photoresistors, etc.) are arranged directly at the point of detection of the light
- passive sensors are usually used, in which the detected light is forwarded to the remote active part of the sensor , For forwarding often optical fibers, so-called light guides are used.
- the advantage of the passive sensors is, in particular, that less wear-prone parts are arranged directly in the monitored electrical system. It is also known to monitor the functioning of such sensors by the sensors test light signals are supplied, which forward them in perfect operation accordingly to the active part of the sensor, where they are evaluated to detect proper functioning.
- optical sensor of the type mentioned is for example from the US patent US 8,319,173 B2 known.
- the known optical arc sensor has a housing consisting of a housing bottom and a housing cover sensor housing, in which two light guides are arranged. One of the light guides serves to detect the light.
- the other optical fiber is used to transmit a scholarlichtsignals in the context of self-monitoring of the sensor.
- the ends of the two optical fibers are in optical contact and are aligned obliquely to each other, so that on the one hand light of an arc can enter from the outside in the end face of the first light guide and on the other hand a part of the scholarsignals from the end of the second light guide is coupled into the first light guide ,
- the two optical fibers are guided axially relative to one another in the arc sensor and a deflection of the test light signal in the direction of the receiving optical waveguide takes place by reflection on a mirrored surface, the test light signal first passing through part of the monitored electrical system in order to do so to be able to detect a clouding of the outer sensor parts in a sensitive manner.
- the light guide introducing the test light signal into the sensor is bent by 180 °, so that the test light signal without the need for a reflector first by a part of the electrical system and then can be coupled into the receiving optical fiber.
- the known optical arc sensor is relatively susceptible to ambient light, which can be caused for example by other light sources in the electrical system or from the outside into the system (for example, when opening a cabinet door of a medium voltage switchgear) can occur.
- the correct guidance of the scholarandersignals is only comparatively expensive to ensure.
- the invention is based, starting from an optical arc sensor of the type mentioned, the task of specifying an arc sensor with self-test function, which ensures the lowest possible attenuation of educarussignals with a simple design and the least possible insensitive to ambient light, which does not originate from an arc ,
- a generic optical arc sensor in which the curvature arranged in the housing cover is designed with regard to its material and / or its shape in such a way that it effects a desired damping of a light signal entering the light detection area outside of the sensor housing in such a way that that only light signals having an arc intensity output light intensity with a significant input light intensity enter the light detection area.
- the optical arc sensor according to the invention is characterized on the one hand by its simple structural design, since it consists of only a few parts, which can also be very easily manufactured as milled parts or by injection molding. Due to the substantially flat design of the housing cover its production is further simplified, here only has the bulging outward bulging be specially shaped. However, this is not a problem for example in the injection molding process, since the injection mold is already fitted to the final shape; However, the curvature can also be formed in the milling process (possibly with slight grading). Since the curvature is in the range of the light detection range of the arc sensor, it serves to increase the "visual range" of the arc sensor, because it increases the range of possible angles of incidence of the light signals entering the light detection area from the outside.
- the arc sensor can reliably detect obliquely incident light signals. Since the optical fibers within the arc sensor are guided in such a way that their ends are directed precisely toward one another, the test light signal is hardly attenuated when coupled into the receiving optical fiber, so that compared to the obliquely oriented orientation known from the prior art the two light guides, the light guide can be made longer overall or a lower transmission power of scholarlichtsignals can be used. In the exact positioning of the ends of the two light guides has also been found that a small distance (for example 1-2mm) of the ends is sufficient to each other to ensure a reliable coupling of an emitted from an arc light signal in the receiving optical fiber. It is even possible to reduce the distance of the ends to zero (the ends of the optical fibers abut each other directly) without unduly reducing the receiving sensitivity, since a comparatively high light output of an arc can still be coupled in via the resulting joint.
- the guide is shaped in such a way that the ends facing away from the ends of the light guides arranged inside the sensor housing are led out of the sensor housing on the same side of the sensor housing.
- the structural design of the arc sensor is further simplified, since the optical connection of the arc sensor via the light guide with an arc detection device in this way takes place only from one side of the sensor.
- the guide is designed such that both optical fibers are axially symmetric within the sensor housing and experience substantially the same curvature directed towards each other.
- the light guides according to the invention are thus guided quasi axially symmetrical.
- This has in addition to a simple structural embodiment in particular the advantage that the necessary curvature of the light guide - and the associated material load of the optically conductive parts of the light guide - distributed to both light guides and is not limited to one of the light guide.
- the curvature arranged in the housing cover is designed with respect to its material and / or its shape such that it effects a desired damping of a light signal entering the light receiving area from outside the sensor housing in such a way that only light signals with for one arc characteristic output light intensity with a significant input light intensity entering the light receiving area.
- the arc sensor can be designed to be particularly insensitive to ambient light that does not originate from an arc.
- other electrical components of the electrical system can generate light pulses, there may be temporarily or permanently installed light sources within the system, or it may enter the outside of the system, for example if the system is opened (for maintenance if necessary).
- Such ambient light usually has a significantly lower light intensity than an arc and, moreover, does not pose a risk to the electrical system, so that an arc detection device connected to the arc sensor should correspondingly detect no arc in the mere presence of ambient light.
- the housing cover in particular the curvature present in the housing cover, is designed such that a desired damping of the light signal entering from outside through the curvature into the light receiving region of the arc sensor is achieved. In this way, it can be ensured that only the light signals with a high output light intensity, as they occur when arcs occur, even enter the light detection area with a significant input light intensity and are coupled into the receiving optical waveguide.
- An advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention further provides that the guide is formed as formed in the housing bottom or the housing cover groove.
- Such a guide can be constructively very simple, for example, be made by milling or by appropriate design of an injection mold.
- the housing cover is formed from a plastic.
- a plastic for example Teflon or a polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or a combination of said plastics (eg PC-ABS), preferably be used in natural or white color.
- the plastic design in addition to simple production and processing capability (for example by milling or injection molding), has the advantage of not having a significant effect on the electric field strengths within the electrical system.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention also provides that the housing bottom has a through hole for attachment of the sensor housing to a mounting area and the housing cover has a mounting passage, which allows access to the through hole in the housing bottom with attached to the housing bottom housing cover.
- the arc sensor can very easily be connected, for example by a screw which is also accessible when the arc sensor is assembled, to a mounting region, for example an inner wall of a control cabinet.
- optical arc sensor according to the invention it can be provided that in the housing bottom and in the housing cover with respect to their position mutually corresponding fastening means are provided which allow attachment of the housing cover on the housing bottom.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention provides that a fixing element is provided, which is inserted into the sensor housing in the region of the light detection area and fixes the alignment of the ends of the two light guides to one another.
- the ends of the two light guides can be aligned particularly precisely and stably with respect to each other.
- the fixing element is designed such that the ends of the optical fibers can be inserted from both sides into the fixing element.
- a fixing element that has a through hole into which the ends of the light guides can be inserted from both sides.
- two holes lying axially on the same line can be provided from the two sides for easier positioning of the ends of the light guide in the fixing but not in the middle, but can leave some material. This avoids that the ends of the light guides are inserted into the fixing with different lengths or pressed against each other with too much pressure.
- this can be influenced by the size of the gap between the ends of the light guide, can be coupled by the light signals in the receiving optical fiber.
- the fixing element is preferably made of a plastic. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor is also provided that the fixing element consists of the same material as the housing cover.
- the ends of the optical fiber disposed within the ends of the sensor housing are provided with a connector for coupling to an arc detection module.
- the optical arc sensor also has a fixing element in the light detection area
- the fixing element is designed with regard to its material and / or its shape such that it forms a curvature together with the curvature arranged in the housing cover causes the desired attenuation of a light signal entering from outside the sensor housing in the light receiving area.
- the entire light path within the sensor that is to say the housing cover with the curvature and the fixing element, has an effect on the attenuation of the light signal passing through, so that both the curvature and the fixing element must be included in achieving the desired attenuation.
- the attenuation achieved is about -22dBm to -26dBm.
- This damping can be achieved as described either by the curvature of the housing cover alone or by the combination of curvature and fixing.
- the damping is influenced in particular by the selection of a corresponding material, if appropriate with light-damping pigments contained, and / or the shaping, in particular a wall thickness, the curvature and possibly the fixing element.
- this can be formed with an attenuation characteristic that is similar to or at least similar to that of a line sensor.
- no sensor type-dependent measuring range changes must be made, but it can both types of sensors are operated with a designed for a uniform measurement range arc detection modules.
- the curvature arranged in the housing cover describes a part of a spherical surface and the ends of the two optical waveguides are arranged in the center of the ball described by the curvature.
- the invention also relates to an electric arc detection device having an arc detection module comprising an optical receiver and an optical transmitter, and an arc sensor configured according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the optical receiver for optically receiving light pulses with the first optical fiber the arc sensor is in communication and the optical transmitter for emitting test light pulses is optically connected to the second light guide of the arc sensor.
- the arc detection device according to the invention may comprise an arc sensor in any of the described embodiments or a combination of any embodiments.
- the advantages of the arc detection device according to the invention reference is made to the advantages described for the arc sensor according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electrical system 10, which is an example of a medium-voltage switchgear cabinet.
- the electrical system has electrical current-carrying components, such as busbars 11a-c as well as stubs 12a-c emerging from the busbars 11a-c.
- the stubs 12a-c also have electrical switching devices 13a-c.
- the components carrying the current are arranged in regions 14a-d of the electrical system 10 which are isolated from one another and are located in the example of FIG FIG. 1 on a usual medium voltage level in the voltage range of approx. 1kV-52kV.
- the electrical system has a low voltage area 15 in which are measuring, control and automation devices, of which in the FIG. 1 merely by way of example a protective device 16 is shown. With the protection device 16, the operation of the electrical system 10 is monitored, in particular the occurrence of errors, such as short circuits must be detected in order to trigger any countermeasures, such as switching off faulty components.
- the protective device 16 monitors the electrical system 10 with regard to the occurrence of electric arcs, which may occur, for example, in the event of a voltage flashover between two different electrical potentials of the electrical system 10. Such voltage flashovers occur, for example, in the case of inadequate electrical insulation within the electrical system 10 and can lead to damage or destruction of the electrical system 10 and endanger the operating personnel of the electrical system 10. Therefore, arcs within the electrical system 10 are immediate to recognize and bring to an end by switching off the affected current-carrying components.
- optical arc sensors 17 are arranged in the individual areas 14a-d of the electrical system, which transmit light arising in the event of an arc via optical fibers to an arc detection module integrated in the protective device 16.
- An evaluation of the transmitted light signals takes place with the arc detection module, for example by comparing the light intensity of the transmitted light signal or an amplitude of an electrical signal formed by the light signal with a threshold value and forming an arc detection signal indicating an arc when the threshold value is exceeded.
- the protective device 16 can detect the presence of an electric arc solely on the basis of the light signals transmitted by the arc sensors.
- the protection device may also use additional parameters, such as currents in the individual electrical components (e.g., bus bars 11a-c and stubs 12a-c), pressure increases, etc., to verify an arcing fault signal.
- additional parameters such as currents in the individual electrical components (e.g., bus bars 11a-c and stubs 12a-c), pressure increases, etc., to verify an arcing fault signal.
- the affected part of the electrical system is switched off by opening an associated switching device (for example one of the switching devices 13a-c).
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an arc detection device 20, consisting of an arc detection module 21 and a connectable to this via a pair of optical fibers 23 and an optical connector 24 optical Arc sensor 22.
- the arc detection module 21 for example, in the protective device 16 (see. FIG. 1 ) be installed.
- the exemplary arc detection module 21 according to FIG. 2 is designed as a plug-in module for the protective device 16 and can be electrically internally device via a in FIG. 2 merely indicated tabs 26 are connected to the electronics of the protective device 16.
- the arc detection module 21 may be connected to another of the electrical system 10 monitoring or controlling automation device instead of the protection device 16. Alternatively, however, the arc detection module 21 may also be a separate electrical module that independently performs arc detection, or the arc detection module may be configured as a fully integrated component of the protection device 16.
- the arc detection module 21 comprises an optical receiver and an optical transmitter, which in the example of the FIG. 2 are combined in an optical transceiver module 25. Instead of a combined transceiver module, however, separate optical transmitters and receivers can also be used.
- the optical receiver converts a light signal which has been detected by the arc sensor 22 and passed on to the receiver via a receiving optical waveguide contained in the optical waveguide pair 23, converted into an (analogue or digital) electrical signal, which is subsequently connected to an in FIG. 2 not shown, arranged on the arc detection module 21 or in the protective device 16, evaluation is then evaluated whether it indicates an arc in the electrical system 10.
- Test light signals can be generated by means of the optical transmitter and transmitted to the arc sensor 22 via a transmission optical fiber contained in the optical fiber pair 23.
- the test light signals are used to monitor the correct operation of the arc detection device 20, in particular the arc sensor 22 and the optical fiber pair 23, the connector 24 and the optical receiver.
- the test light signals are coupled in the arc sensor 22 in the receiving optical fiber and guided over this back to the optical receiver. If a transmitted test light signal is received correctly in the receiver, the correct functioning of the arc detection device 20 is thereby detected.
- the arc detection module 21 shown has two further transceiver modules for connecting further optical arc sensors (of the same or of a different sensor type).
- the arc detection module 21 may deviate from the representation according to FIG. 2 however, have any number of optical transmitters and receivers or transceiver components.
- FIG. 3 This shows first FIG. 3 the arc sensor 22 with its individual components in an exploded view.
- the arc sensor 22 has a housing bottom 30 and a housing cover 31 comprehensive sensor housing.
- a guide 34 is formed for one of the first light guides 32 and a second light guide 33 in the form of a groove.
- the guide 34 is shaped such that the two light guides are guided into the housing on the same side of the arc sensor 22 and then bent over in such a way that their ends lie exactly on one axis, ie parallel to each other and towards each other.
- each of the light guides undergoes substantially the same curvature, only in an axially symmetrical form.
- the optical fibers are first bent towards one another and later in the course of each other, so that both ultimately in each case bent by 90 ° inwards.
- POFs polymer optical fibers
- glass fibers glass fibers
- a fixing element 36 is also provided, in which the ends of the light guides 32, 33 can be inserted from both sides.
- the bore may be formed in the fixing element 36 as a through hole or centrally in the fixing element 36 a web may be left to be able to insert the two ends in each case with the same length in the fixing element 36 can.
- the fixing element 36 can be inserted after insertion of the ends of the two light guides 32, 33 in a corresponding recess in the housing bottom 30.
- FIG. 4 shows the arc sensor 22, in which the fixing element 36 with inserted optical fibers 32, 33 have been inserted into the guide 34 of the housing bottom 30.
- the region in which the fixing element 36 is arranged with the ends of the two light guides 32, 33 is hereinafter referred to as the light detection region 40 of the arc sensor 22, since there takes place the coupling of the light signal in the first light guide 32.
- the housing cover 31 is formed on its upper side substantially flat. Only in the area of the light-detecting area 40 is an outwardly directed curvature 38 provided on the housing cover 31. This serves to increase the incident angle range for light signal, which enter from outside into the arc sensor 22 and thus increases the "field of view" of the arc sensor 22.
- the curvature 37 is preferably formed integrally with the housing cover 31 and of the same material as this.
- the housing cover 31 may be made of a plastic, for example. This allows easy production by milling or injection molding.
- a plastic for example, Teflon or a polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or a combination of said plastics (e.g., PC-ABS), preferably in natural or white color, may be used.
- PC-ABS polycarbonate
- PC-ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- the housing bottom 30 may be made of the same material or any other suitable material. In this case, a plastic is also preferred due to the dielectric properties and ease of manufacture.
- the housing bottom has a through hole 41, which allows a simple attachment of the arc sensor 22 to a mounting region of the electrical system, for example by screwing to a control cabinet wall of a medium-voltage switchgear.
- the housing cover has a mounting passage, which allows access to the through hole with a mounted on the housing bottom housing cover for a tool.
- the housing bottom 30 and the housing cover 31 with respect to their position to each other corresponding fastening means 43, 44 which are formed in the embodiment shown as screw holes for corresponding screws 45, and allow a connection of the housing cover 31 with the housing bottom 30.
- the fastening means could also comprise latching elements, clip elements, guide elements or similar suitable means.
- FIG. 5 shows the arc sensor 22 in the assembled state.
- incident light originating, for example, from an arc in the electrical system is in Shape of dashed arrows 50 indicated that meet the bulge 38 and pass through it.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show the arc sensor in plan view and in section.
- the housing cover 31 and in particular the bulge 38 are designed in terms of material and / or shape such that an incident light from the outside receives a certain damping.
- color pigments or fillers may be contained in the plastic from which the housing cover consists.
- a fixing element 36 which lies at least partially in the path of the light signals arriving from outside on the ends of the light guides, the fixing element 36 must be taken into account with regard to material and shape when the desired damping effect is achieved ,
- the attenuation of the light signals from the outside should be adjusted by appropriate design of the housing cover 31 with the curvature 38 and possibly the fixing element 36 so that although light signals 70, which originate from an arc in the electrical system and have a correspondingly high output light intensity, with significant Inlet light intensity to the light detection area 40 and ultimately reach the end of the first light guide and can be coupled into the end of the first light guide, but light signals 71, which originate from other light sources with lower light intensity or output light intensity, but not or only comparatively weak to the light detection area 40 therethrough arrive so that they are not or only weakly coupled into the optical fiber and can be distinguished by a correspondingly selected threshold in the evaluation of a light signal of an arc.
- a damping achieved by the housing cover 31 with the curvature 38 and possibly the fixing element 36 for incident light from the outside can, for example, be between -22 dBm and -26 dBm.
- the curvature 38 can describe a part of a spherical surface, wherein at least approximately the light detection region 40 should lie with the impact point of the ends of the light guide in the center of the described sphere.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen optischen Lichtbogensensor zur Erfassung eines Lichtbogens in einer elektrischen Anlage mit einem einen Gehäuseboden und einen auf den Gehäuseboden aufsetzbaren Gehäusedeckel aufweisenden Sensorgehäuse, einem ersten Lichtleiter, dessen eines Ende zur Erfassung eines von einem Lichtbogen erzeugten Lichtsignals innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses angeordnet ist, einem zweiten Lichtleiter, dessen eines Ende zur Aussendung eines Prüflichtsignals innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses angeordnet ist, wobei die innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses angeordneten Enden der beiden Lichtleiter miteinander in optischer Verbindung stehen, das Sensorgehäuse eine Führung aufweist, die die beiden Lichtleiter innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses derart führt, dass ihre jeweiligen Enden in einem Lichterfassungsbereich parallel zueinander und direkt aufeinander zu gerichtet angeordnet sind, der Gehäusedeckel im Wesentlichen flach ausgebildet ist und im Bereich des Lichterfassungsbereichs eine nach außen gerichtete Wölbung aufweist, die aus demselben Material ausgestaltet ist wie der Gehäusedeckel, und die Führung derart ausgeformt ist, dass die den innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses angeordneten Enden der Lichtleiter abgewandten Enden an derselben Seite des Sensorgehäuses aus dem Sensorgehäuse herausgeführt werden und wobei die Führung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass beide Lichtleiter innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses achsensymmetrisch sind und im Wesentlichen dieselbe, aufeinander zu gerichtete Krümmung erfahren.The invention relates to an optical arc sensor for detecting an arc in an electrical system having a housing base and a housing cover which can be placed on the housing cover having sensor housing, a first optical fiber whose one end is arranged to detect a light signal generated by an arc within the sensor housing, a second optical waveguide, one end of which is arranged to emit a test light signal within the sensor housing, wherein the arranged within the sensor housing ends of the two optical fibers are in optical communication with each other, the sensor housing has a guide that guides the two optical fibers within the sensor housing such that their respective ends are arranged in a light detection area parallel to each other and directed directly toward each other, the housing cover is formed substantially flat and in the region of the light detection area a na ch outwardly directed curvature, which is made of the same material as the housing cover, and the guide is formed such that the arranged inside the sensor housing ends of the optical fiber ends are led out on the same side of the sensor housing from the sensor housing and wherein the guide so is configured so that both optical fibers are axially symmetric within the sensor housing and experience substantially the same, directed towards each other curvature.
Lichtbögen in elektrischen Anlagen, beispielsweise in elektrischen Mittelspannungsschaltschränken, entstehen durch einen Spannungsüberschlag aufgrund eines Fehlers (z.B. eines Kurzschlusses), der beispielsweise von einer schadhaften Isolierung herrühren kann. Da bei einem solchen Lichtbogen kurzfristig große Energiemengen freigesetzt werden, können BeSchädigungen der elektrischen Anlage und ernsthafte Bedrohungen für Leib und Leben von Betreibern der elektrischen Anlage resultieren. Daher sind bei auftretenden Lichtbögen in elektrischen Anlagen sofortige Gegenmaßnahmen zu ergreifen, um den Lichtbogen möglichst umgehend zu unterbrechen. Hierzu wird üblicherweise durch Öffnen einer Schalteinrichtung der Stromfluss innerhalb der elektrischen Anlage unterbrochen, so dass der Lichtbogen zum Erlöschen kommt. Daneben sind unter Umständen auch vorausschauend kleinere Spannungsüberschläge, mit denen sich ein Lichtbogen andeuten kann, zu erkennen, um durch die Durchführung von Gegenmaßnahmen die Gefahr eines größeren Lichtbogens zu verringern.Arcs in electrical systems, for example in electrical medium-voltage cabinets, caused by a flashover due to a fault (eg a short circuit), which may for example result from a defective insulation. Since large amounts of energy are released at short notice in such an arc, damage can occur the electrical system and serious threats to life and limb of operators of the electrical system. Therefore, when arcing occurs in electrical systems to take immediate countermeasures to interrupt the arc as soon as possible. For this purpose, the current flow within the electrical system is usually interrupted by opening a switching device, so that the arc comes to extinction. In addition, under certain circumstances, also anticipatory smaller flashovers, which may indicate an arc to detect, to reduce by implementing countermeasures, the risk of a larger arc.
Zur Erkennung eines Lichtbogens ist es bekannt, optische Lichtbogensensoren einzusetzen. Diese erkennen die vom Lichtbogen abgegebene elektrooptische Strahlung, die im Bereich von sichtbarem Licht liegen kann, daneben oder alternativ aber auch andere, für den Menschen nicht sichtbare Wellenlängenanteile umfassen kann. Im Folgenden wird die bei einem Lichtbogen entstehende elektrooptische Strahlung zusammengefasst vereinfacht als "Licht" bzw. als "Lichtsignal" bezeichnet. Neben aktiven Sensoren, bei denen elektrisch aktive Elemente (z.B. Photodioden, Photowiderstände, etc.) direkt an der Stelle der Erfassung des Lichts angeordnet sind, werden üblicherweise passive Sensoren eingesetzt, bei denen das erfasste Licht an den entfernt angeordneten aktiven Teil des Sensors weitergeleitet wird. Zur Weiterleitung werden häufig optische Fasern, sogenannte Lichtleiter, eingesetzt. Der Vorteil der passiven Sensoren liegt insbesondere darin, dass weniger verschleißanfällige Teile direkt in der überwachten elektrischen Anlage angeordnet sind. Es ist ferner bekannt, die Funktionsfähigkeit solcher Sensoren zu überwachen, indem den Sensoren Prüflichtsignale zugeführt werden, die sie bei einwandfreiem Betrieb entsprechend an den aktiven Teil des Sensors weiterleiten, wo sie unter Erkennung einer ordnungsgemäßen Funktionsfähigkeit ausgewertet werden.For detecting an arc, it is known to use optical arc sensors. These detect the emitted from the arc electro-optical radiation, which may be in the range of visible light, next or alternatively, but may include other, not visible to humans wavelength components. In the following, the electro-optical radiation resulting from an arc is summarized in a simplified manner called "light" or "light signal". In addition to active sensors, in which electrically active elements (eg, photodiodes, photoresistors, etc.) are arranged directly at the point of detection of the light, passive sensors are usually used, in which the detected light is forwarded to the remote active part of the sensor , For forwarding often optical fibers, so-called light guides are used. The advantage of the passive sensors is, in particular, that less wear-prone parts are arranged directly in the monitored electrical system. It is also known to monitor the functioning of such sensors by the sensors test light signals are supplied, which forward them in perfect operation accordingly to the active part of the sensor, where they are evaluated to detect proper functioning.
Ein optischer Sensor der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise aus der US-Patentschrift
Durch die schräg aufeinander ausgerichteten Enden der Lichtleiter entstehen jedoch Streuverluste bei der Einkopplung des Prüflichtsignals, die aufgrund der damit verbundenden Dämpfung des Prüflichtsignals die maximal mögliche Länge der Lichtleiter reduzieren bzw. eine vergleichsweise hohe Sendeleistung beim Aussenden des Prüflichtsignals erforderlich machen.Due to the obliquely aligned ends of the light guides, however, there are scattering losses in the coupling of the test light signal, which reduce the maximum possible length of the light guide due to the associated attenuation of Prüflichtsignals or make a comparatively high transmission power when emitting the Prüflichtsignals required.
Ein anderes Beispiel eines Lichtbogensensors mit Selbstüberwachung ist ferner aus der Offenlegungsschrift
Der bekannte optische Lichtbogensensor ist jedoch vergleichsweise anfällig gegen Umgebungslichteinstrahlung, das beispielsweise von anderen Lichtquellen in der elektrischen Anlage hervorgerufen werden kann oder von außen in die Anlage (beispielsweise beim Öffnen einer Schaltschranktür einer Mittelspanungsschaltanlage) eintreten kann. Außerdem ist die korrekte Führung des Prüflichtsignals nur vergleichsweise aufwendig zu gewährleisten.However, the known optical arc sensor is relatively susceptible to ambient light, which can be caused for example by other light sources in the electrical system or from the outside into the system (for example, when opening a cabinet door of a medium voltage switchgear) can occur. In addition, the correct guidance of the Prüflichtsignals is only comparatively expensive to ensure.
Der Erfindung liegt, ausgehend von einem optischen Lichtbogensensor der eingangs genannten Art, die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Lichtbogensensor mit Selbsttestfunktion anzugeben, der bei einfachem konstruktivem Aufbau eine möglichst geringe Dämpfung des Prüflichtsignals gewährleistet und der möglichst unempfindlich gegenüber Umgebungslicht ist, das nicht von einem Lichtbogen herrührt.The invention is based, starting from an optical arc sensor of the type mentioned, the task of specifying an arc sensor with self-test function, which ensures the lowest possible attenuation of Prüflichtsignals with a simple design and the least possible insensitive to ambient light, which does not originate from an arc ,
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen gattungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensor gelöst, bei dem die im Gehäusedeckel angeordnete Wölbung hinsichtlich ihres Materials und/oder ihrer Formgebung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie eine gewünschte Dämpfung eines von außerhalb des Sensorgehäuses in den Lichterfassungsbereich eintretenden Lichtsignals in der Weise bewirkt, dass nur Lichtsignale mit einer für einen Lichtbogen charakteristischen Ausgangslichtstärke mit einer signifikanten Einlasslichtstärke in den Lichterfassungsbereich eintreten.This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by a generic optical arc sensor in which the curvature arranged in the housing cover is designed with regard to its material and / or its shape in such a way that it effects a desired damping of a light signal entering the light detection area outside of the sensor housing in such a way that that only light signals having an arc intensity output light intensity with a significant input light intensity enter the light detection area.
Der erfindungsgemäße optische Lichtbogensensor zeichnet sich einerseits durch seine einfache konstruktive Ausgestaltung aus, da er aus nur wenigen Teilen besteht, die zudem sehr einfach als Frästeile oder im Spritzgussverfahren hergestellt werden können. Durch die im Wesentlichen flache Ausgestaltung des Gehäusedeckels wird seine Herstellung weiterhin vereinfacht, hier muss lediglich die nach außen hervortretende Wölbung besonders ausgeformt werden. Dies stellt jedoch beispielsweise im Spritzgussverfahren kein Problem dar, da die Spritzgussform bereits an die endgültige Formgebung abgepasst ist; jedoch kann die Wölbung auch im Fräsverfahren (ggf. mit leichter Stufung) ausgebildet werden. Da die Wölbung im Bereich des Lichterfassungsbereichs des Lichtbogensensors liegt, dient sie zur Erhöhung des "Sichtbereichs" des Lichtbogensensors, weil hierdurch der Bereich möglicher Einfallswinkel der von außen in den Lichterfassungsbereich eintretenden Lichtsignale vergrößert wird. Der Lichtbogensensor kann hierdurch mit anderen Worten auch schräg einfallende Lichtsignale zuverlässig erfassen. Dadurch dass zudem die Lichtleiter innerhalb des Lichtbogensensors derart geführt sind, dass ihre Enden genau aufeinander zu gerichtet sind, wird das Prüflichtsignal bei der Einkopplung in den empfangenden Lichtleiter kaum gedämpft, so dass im Vergleich zu der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten schräg zueinander verlaufenden Ausrichtung der beiden Lichtleiter die Lichtleiter insgesamt länger ausgebildet werden können oder eine geringere Sendeleistung des Prüflichtsignals verwendet werden kann. Bei der genauen Positionierung der Enden der beiden Lichtleiter hat sich zudem gezeigt, dass ein kleiner Abstand (beispielsweise 1-2mm) der Enden zueinander ausreicht, um eine zuverlässige Einkopplung eines von einem Lichtbogen ausgesendeten Lichtsignals in den empfangenden Lichtleiter zu gewährleisten. Es ist sogar möglich den Abstand der Enden bis auf null (die Enden der Lichtleiter stoßen direkt aneinander) zu reduzieren, ohne die Empfangsempfindlichkeit zu stark zu verringern, da über die entstehende Stoßstelle immer noch eine vergleichsweise hohe Lichtleistung eines Lichtbogens eingekoppelt werden kann.The optical arc sensor according to the invention is characterized on the one hand by its simple structural design, since it consists of only a few parts, which can also be very easily manufactured as milled parts or by injection molding. Due to the substantially flat design of the housing cover its production is further simplified, here only has the bulging outward bulging be specially shaped. However, this is not a problem for example in the injection molding process, since the injection mold is already fitted to the final shape; However, the curvature can also be formed in the milling process (possibly with slight grading). Since the curvature is in the range of the light detection range of the arc sensor, it serves to increase the "visual range" of the arc sensor, because it increases the range of possible angles of incidence of the light signals entering the light detection area from the outside. In other words, the arc sensor can reliably detect obliquely incident light signals. Since the optical fibers within the arc sensor are guided in such a way that their ends are directed precisely toward one another, the test light signal is hardly attenuated when coupled into the receiving optical fiber, so that compared to the obliquely oriented orientation known from the prior art the two light guides, the light guide can be made longer overall or a lower transmission power of Prüflichtsignals can be used. In the exact positioning of the ends of the two light guides has also been found that a small distance (for example 1-2mm) of the ends is sufficient to each other to ensure a reliable coupling of an emitted from an arc light signal in the receiving optical fiber. It is even possible to reduce the distance of the ends to zero (the ends of the optical fibers abut each other directly) without unduly reducing the receiving sensitivity, since a comparatively high light output of an arc can still be coupled in via the resulting joint.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Führung derart ausgeformt ist, dass die den innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses angeordneten Enden der Lichtleiter abgewandten Enden an derselben Seite des Sensorgehäuses aus dem Sensorgehäuse herausgeführt werden.According to the invention, it is provided that the guide is shaped in such a way that the ends facing away from the ends of the light guides arranged inside the sensor housing are led out of the sensor housing on the same side of the sensor housing.
Hierdurch wird die konstruktive Ausgestaltung des Lichtbogensensors weiter vereinfacht, da die optische Verbindung des Lichtbogensensors über die Lichtleiter mit einer Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung auf diese Weise nur von einer Seite des Sensors erfolgt.As a result, the structural design of the arc sensor is further simplified, since the optical connection of the arc sensor via the light guide with an arc detection device in this way takes place only from one side of the sensor.
Da hierbei ein gebogener Verlauf der Lichtleiter innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses erforderlich ist, ist vorgesehen, dass die Führung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass beide Lichtleiter innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses achsensymmetrisch sind und im Wesentlichen dieselbe, aufeinander zu gerichtete Krümmung erfahren.Since in this case a curved course of the optical fibers within the sensor housing is required, it is provided that the guide is designed such that both optical fibers are axially symmetric within the sensor housing and experience substantially the same curvature directed towards each other.
Innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses werden die Lichtleiter erfindungsgemäß somit quasi achsensymmetrisch geführt. Dies hat neben einer einfachen konstruktiven Ausgestaltung insbesondere den Vorteil, dass sich die notwendige Krümmung der Lichtleiter - und die damit verbundene Materialbelastung der optisch leitenden Teile der Lichtleiter - auf beide Lichtleiter verteilt und nicht auf einen der Lichtleiter beschränkt ist.Within the sensor housing, the light guides according to the invention are thus guided quasi axially symmetrical. This has in addition to a simple structural embodiment in particular the advantage that the necessary curvature of the light guide - and the associated material load of the optically conductive parts of the light guide - distributed to both light guides and is not limited to one of the light guide.
Erfindungsgemäß ist zudem vorgesehen, dass die im Gehäusedeckel angeordnete Wölbung hinsichtlich ihres Materials und/oder ihrer Formgebung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie eine gewünschte Dämpfung eines von außerhalb des Sensorgehäuses in den Lichtempfangsbereich eintretenden Lichtsignals in der Weise bewirkt, dass nur Lichtsignale mit für einen Lichtbogen charakteristischen Ausgangslichtstärke mit einer signifikanten Einlasslichtstärke in den Lichtempfangsbereich eintreten.According to the invention it is additionally provided that the curvature arranged in the housing cover is designed with respect to its material and / or its shape such that it effects a desired damping of a light signal entering the light receiving area from outside the sensor housing in such a way that only light signals with for one arc characteristic output light intensity with a significant input light intensity entering the light receiving area.
Auf diese Weise kann der Lichtbogensensor einerseits besonders unempfindlich gegenüber Umgebungslicht ausgestaltet werden, das nicht von einem Lichtbogen herrührt. Beispielsweise können andere elektrische Komponenten der elektrischen Anlage Lichtimpulse erzeugen, es können innerhalb der Anlage temporär oder dauerhaft installierte Lichtquellen vorhanden sein, oder es kann Licht von außen in die Anlage eintreten, beispielsweise wenn die Anlage (ggf. zu Wartungszwecken) geöffnet wird. Solches Umgebungslicht weist üblicherweise eine deutliche geringere Lichtstärke als ein Lichtbogen auf und stellt zudem keine Gefahr für die elektrische Anlage dar, so dass eine mit dem Lichtbogensensor verbundene Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung bei bloßem Vorhandensein von Umgebungslicht entsprechend keinen Lichtbogen erkennen soll. Daher ist gemäß der letztgenannten Ausführungsform der Gehäusedeckel, speziell die in dem Gehäusedeckel vorhandene Wölbung, derart ausgebildet, dass eine gewünschte Dämpfung des von außen durch die Wölbung in den Lichtempfangsbereich des Lichtbogensensors eintretenden Lichtsignals erreicht wird. Auf diese Weise kann gewährleistet werden, dass lediglich die Lichtsignale mit einer hohen Ausgangslichtstärke, wie sie beim Auftreten von Lichtbögen entstehen, überhaupt mit einer signifikanten Einlasslichtstärke in den Lichterfassungsbereich eintreten und in den empfangenden Lichtleiter eingekoppelt werden.In this way, on the one hand, the arc sensor can be designed to be particularly insensitive to ambient light that does not originate from an arc. For example, other electrical components of the electrical system can generate light pulses, there may be temporarily or permanently installed light sources within the system, or it may enter the outside of the system, for example if the system is opened (for maintenance if necessary). Such ambient light usually has a significantly lower light intensity than an arc and, moreover, does not pose a risk to the electrical system, so that an arc detection device connected to the arc sensor should correspondingly detect no arc in the mere presence of ambient light. Therefore, according to the latter embodiment, the housing cover, in particular the curvature present in the housing cover, is designed such that a desired damping of the light signal entering from outside through the curvature into the light receiving region of the arc sensor is achieved. In this way, it can be ensured that only the light signals with a high output light intensity, as they occur when arcs occur, even enter the light detection area with a significant input light intensity and are coupled into the receiving optical waveguide.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors sieht ferner vor, dass die Führung als in dem Gehäuseboden oder den Gehäusedeckel ausgeformte Rille ausgebildet ist.An advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention further provides that the guide is formed as formed in the housing bottom or the housing cover groove.
Eine solche Führung kann konstruktiv sehr einfach, beispielsweise durch Fräsen oder durch entsprechende Ausgestaltung einer Spritzgussform hergestellt werden.Such a guide can be constructively very simple, for example, be made by milling or by appropriate design of an injection mold.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors ist vorgesehen, dass der Gehäusedeckel aus einem Kunststoff ausgebildet ist. Als Kunststoff kann beispielsweise Teflon oder ein Polycarbonat (PC), Polyamid (PA), Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol (ABS) oder eine Kombination aus den genannten Kunststoffen (z.B. PC-ABS), vorzugsweise in naturbelassener oder weißer Färbung verwendet werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention it is provided that the housing cover is formed from a plastic. As a plastic, for example Teflon or a polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or a combination of said plastics (eg PC-ABS), preferably be used in natural or white color.
Die Ausgestaltung aus Kunststoff bietet neben der einfachen Herstellungs- und Verarbeitungsmöglichkeit (z.B. durch Fräsen oder Spritzguss) aufgrund seiner dielektrischen Eigenschaften den Vorteil, sich nicht maßgeblich auf die elektrischen Feldstärken innerhalb der elektrischen Anlage auszuwirken.Due to its dielectric properties, the plastic design, in addition to simple production and processing capability (for example by milling or injection molding), has the advantage of not having a significant effect on the electric field strengths within the electrical system.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors sieht zudem vor, dass der Gehäuseboden eine Durchgangsbohrung zur Befestigung des Sensorgehäuses an einem Montagebereich aufweist und der Gehäusedeckel einen Montagedurchlass aufweist, der bei auf den Gehäuseboden aufgesetztem Gehäusedeckel einen Zugang zur Durchgangsbohrung im Gehäuseboden ermöglicht.A further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention also provides that the housing bottom has a through hole for attachment of the sensor housing to a mounting area and the housing cover has a mounting passage, which allows access to the through hole in the housing bottom with attached to the housing bottom housing cover.
Auf diese Weise kann der Lichtbogensensor sehr einfach, beispielsweise durch eine auch bei zusammengebautem Lichtbogensensor zugängliche Schraube mit einem Montagebereich, beispielsweise einer Innenwand eines Schaltschranks, verbunden werden.In this way, the arc sensor can very easily be connected, for example by a screw which is also accessible when the arc sensor is assembled, to a mounting region, for example an inner wall of a control cabinet.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors kann vorgesehen sein, dass im Gehäuseboden und im Gehäusedeckel hinsichtlich ihrer Lage zueinander korrespondierende Befestigungsmittel vorgesehen sind, die eine Befestigung des Gehäusedeckels am Gehäuseboden ermöglichen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention it can be provided that in the housing bottom and in the housing cover with respect to their position mutually corresponding fastening means are provided which allow attachment of the housing cover on the housing bottom.
Hierdurch lässt sich das Sensorgehäuse einfach zusammenbauen. Als Befestigungsmittel können beispielsweise entsprechend zusammenwirkende Schraublöcher, Rast- bzw. Führungselemente oder Klipelemente dienen.This makes it easy to assemble the sensor housing. As a fastener, for example, corresponding cooperating screw holes, locking or guide elements or Klipelemente serve.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors sieht vor, dass ein Fixierelement vorgesehen ist, das im Bereich des Lichterfassungsbereichs in das Sensorgehäuse eingesetzt ist und die Ausrichtung der Enden der beiden Lichtleiter zueinander fixiert.A further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention provides that a fixing element is provided, which is inserted into the sensor housing in the region of the light detection area and fixes the alignment of the ends of the two light guides to one another.
Durch Einsatz des Fixierelementes können die Enden der beiden Lichtleiter besonders präzise und stabil zueinander ausgerichtet werden.By using the fixing element, the ends of the two light guides can be aligned particularly precisely and stably with respect to each other.
In diesem Zusammenhang wird es zudem als vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors angesehen, wenn das Fixierelement derart ausgestaltet ist, dass die Enden der Lichtleiter von beiden Seiten in das Fixierelement einschiebbar sind.In this context, it is also regarded as an advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention, when the fixing element is designed such that the ends of the optical fibers can be inserted from both sides into the fixing element.
Dies kann beispielsweise durch ein Fixierelement erreicht werden, dass eine Durchgangsbohrung aufweist, in die die Enden der Lichtleiter von beiden Seiten eingeschoben werden können. Anstelle einer Durchgangsbohrung können zur einfacheren Positionierung der Enden der Lichtleiter in dem Fixierelement jedoch auch zwei axial auf derselben Linie liegende Bohrungen von den beiden Seiten vorgesehen sein, die sich in der Mitte jedoch nicht treffen, sondern etwas Material stehen lassen. Hierdurch wird vermieden, dass die Enden der Lichtleiter in das Fixierelement mit unterschiedlichen Längen eingeschoben werden oder mit zu starkem Druck gegeneinander gepresst werden. Außerdem kann hierdurch die Größe des Spaltes zwischen den Enden der Lichtleiter beeinflusst werden, durch den Lichtsignale in den empfangenden Lichtleiter eingekoppelt werden können.This can be achieved, for example, by a fixing element that has a through hole into which the ends of the light guides can be inserted from both sides. Instead of a through hole, however, two holes lying axially on the same line can be provided from the two sides for easier positioning of the ends of the light guide in the fixing but not in the middle, but can leave some material. This avoids that the ends of the light guides are inserted into the fixing with different lengths or pressed against each other with too much pressure. In addition, this can be influenced by the size of the gap between the ends of the light guide, can be coupled by the light signals in the receiving optical fiber.
Das Fixierelement besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Kunststoff. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des optischen Lichtbogensensors ist zudem vorgesehen, dass das Fixierelement aus demselben Material besteht wie der Gehäusedeckel.The fixing element is preferably made of a plastic. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor is also provided that the fixing element consists of the same material as the housing cover.
Auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass die optischen Eigenschaften des Fixierelementes, insbesondere eine Dämpfung der von außen in den Lichtbogensensor eintretenden Lichtsignale, mit denen des Gehäusedeckels übereinstimmen.In this way it can be ensured that the optical properties of the fixing element, in particular a damping of the light signals entering from outside into the arc sensor, coincide with those of the housing cover.
Zur einfacheren Verbindung des optischen Lichtbogensensors mit einem Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul kann gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform zudem vorgesehen sein, dass die von den innerhalb des Sensorgehäuses angeordneten Enden abgewandten Enden der Lichtleiter mit einem Steckverbinder zur Ankopplung an ein Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul versehen sind.To simplify the connection of the optical arc sensor with an arc detection module can also be provided according to a further advantageous embodiment that the ends of the optical fiber disposed within the ends of the sensor housing are provided with a connector for coupling to an arc detection module.
Sofern der optische Lichtbogensensor im Lichterfassungsbereich auch ein Fixierelement aufweist, kann im Zusammenhang mit der letztgenannten Ausführungsform gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung auch vorgesehen sein, dass das Fixierelement hinsichtlich seines Materials und/oder seiner Formgebung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass es gemeinsam mit der im Gehäusedeckel angeordneten Wölbung die gewünschte Dämpfung eines von außerhalb des Sensorgehäuses in den Lichtempfangsbereich eintretenden Lichtsignals bewirkt.If the optical arc sensor also has a fixing element in the light detection area, it can also be provided in connection with the last-mentioned embodiment that the fixing element is designed with regard to its material and / or its shape such that it forms a curvature together with the curvature arranged in the housing cover causes the desired attenuation of a light signal entering from outside the sensor housing in the light receiving area.
In diesem Fall wirkt sich nämlich die gesamte Lichtstrecke innerhalb des Sensors, also der Gehäusedeckel mit der Wölbung und das Fixierelement auf die Dämpfung des hindurchtretenden Lichtsignals aus, so dass sowohl die Wölbung als auch das Fixierelement beim Erreichen der gewünschten Dämpfung einbezogen werden müssen.In this case, the entire light path within the sensor, that is to say the housing cover with the curvature and the fixing element, has an effect on the attenuation of the light signal passing through, so that both the curvature and the fixing element must be included in achieving the desired attenuation.
Insgesamt hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die erreichte Dämpfung bei etwa -22dBm bis -26dBm liegt. Diese Dämpfung kann wie beschrieben entweder durch die Wölbung des Gehäusedeckels allein oder durch die Kombination aus Wölbung und Fixierelement erreicht werden. Dabei wird die Dämpfung insbesondere durch die Auswahl eines entsprechenden Materials, ggf. mit enthaltenen lichtdämpfenden Pigmenten, und/oder die Formgebung, insbesondere eine Wandstärke, der Wölbung und ggf. des Fixierelements beeinflusst.Overall, it has proven to be advantageous if the attenuation achieved is about -22dBm to -26dBm. This damping can be achieved as described either by the curvature of the housing cover alone or by the combination of curvature and fixing. In this case, the damping is influenced in particular by the selection of a corresponding material, if appropriate with light-damping pigments contained, and / or the shaping, in particular a wall thickness, the curvature and possibly the fixing element.
Die in dieser Weise rein konstruktiv einstellbare Lichtdämpfung besitzt einen weiteren Vorteil. Neben Lichtbogensensoren der beschriebenen Art, die auch als Punktsensoren bezeichnet werden, weil sie eine Erfassung eines Lichtbogens von einem definierten Punkt der elektrischen Anlage aus vornehmen, sind auch sogenannte Linien- bzw. Schleifensensoren bekannt. Bei solchen Liniensensoren handelt es sich um durch die elektrische Anlage geführten Lichtleitern, deren Ummantelung zumindest in Teilen lichtdurchlässig ausgestaltet ist, so dass das bei einem Lichtbogen entstehende Lichtsignal über die Mantelfläche des Liniensensors in diesen eingekoppelt wird. Diese Liniensensoren weisen aufgrund der speziellen Art der Lichteinkopplung eine deutlich höhere Dämpfung auf. Durch die spezielle konstruktive Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen (Punkt-)Lichtbogensensors gemäß der beiden letztgenannten Ausführungsformen kann dieser mir einer Dämpfungscharakteristik ausgebildet werden, die derjenigen eines Liniensensors gleicht oder zumindest ähnelt. Beim Anschluss an ein Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul müssen daher keine Sensortyp-abhängigen Messbereichsumstellungen vorgenommen werden, sondern es können beide Sensortypen mit einer auf einen einheitlichen Messbereich ausgelegten Lichtbogenerkennungsmodules betrieben werden.The purely constructive adjustable in this way light attenuation has a further advantage. In addition to arc sensors of the type described, which are also referred to as point sensors, because they detect an arc of a make defined point of the electrical system, so-called line or loop sensors are known. In such line sensors are guided by the electrical system light guides, the sheathing is designed to be translucent, at least in parts, so that the resulting in an arc light signal is coupled via the lateral surface of the line sensor in this. These line sensors have a significantly higher attenuation due to the special nature of the light coupling. Due to the special structural design of the (point) arc sensor according to the invention according to the latter two embodiments, this can be formed with an attenuation characteristic that is similar to or at least similar to that of a line sensor. When connecting to an arc detection module, therefore, no sensor type-dependent measuring range changes must be made, but it can both types of sensors are operated with a designed for a uniform measurement range arc detection modules.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen optischen Lichtbogensensors wird schließlich vorgeschlagen, dass die im Gehäusedeckel angeordnete Wölbung einen Teil einer Kugeloberfläche beschreibt und die Enden der beiden Lichtleiter im Mittelpunkt der von der Wölbung beschriebenen Kugel angeordnet sind.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the optical arc sensor according to the invention, it is finally proposed that the curvature arranged in the housing cover describes a part of a spherical surface and the ends of the two optical waveguides are arranged in the center of the ball described by the curvature.
Auf diese Weise kann ein besonders großer Einstrahlwinkel bei der Erfassung des von außen in den Lichtempfangsbereich eintretenden Lichtsignals gewährleistet werden.In this way, a particularly large angle of incidence can be ensured in the detection of the light signal entering from outside into the light receiving area.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem auch eine elektrische Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung mit einem Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul, das einen optischen Empfänger und einen optischen Sender aufweist, und einem Lichtbogensensor, der gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 ausgestaltet ist, wobei der optische Empfänger zum Empfangen von Lichtimpulsen optisch mit dem ersten Lichtleiter des Lichtbogensensors in Verbindung steht und der optische Sender zur Aussendung von Prüflichtimpulsen optisch mit dem zweiten Lichtleiter des Lichtbogensensors in Verbindung steht.The invention also relates to an electric arc detection device having an arc detection module comprising an optical receiver and an optical transmitter, and an arc sensor configured according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the optical receiver for optically receiving light pulses with the first optical fiber the arc sensor is in communication and the optical transmitter for emitting test light pulses is optically connected to the second light guide of the arc sensor.
Hinsichtlich der erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung gelten alle zu dem erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogensensor voranstehend und nachfolgend gemachten Ausführungen und umgekehrt in entsprechender Weise, insbesondere kann die erfindungsgemäße Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung einen Lichtbogensensor in jeder beliebigen der beschriebenen Ausführungsformen oder einer Kombination beliebiger Ausführungsformen umfassen. Auch hinsichtlich der Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung wird auf die zu dem erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogensensor beschriebenen Vorteile verwiesen.With regard to the arc detection device according to the invention apply to the arc sensor according to the invention above and following statements and vice versa in a corresponding manner, in particular the arc detection device according to the invention may comprise an arc sensor in any of the described embodiments or a combination of any embodiments. Also with regard to the advantages of the arc detection device according to the invention, reference is made to the advantages described for the arc sensor according to the invention.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die spezifische Ausgestaltung des Ausführungsbeispiels ist für die allgemeine Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogensensors und der erfindungsgemäßen Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung in keiner Weise einschränkend zu verstehen; vielmehr können einzelne Ausgestaltungsmerkmale des Ausführungsbeispiels in beliebiger Weise frei untereinander und mit den voranstehend beschriebenen Merkmalen kombiniert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. The specific embodiment of the exemplary embodiment is in no way limiting for the general configuration of the arc sensor according to the invention and the arc detection device according to the invention; Rather, individual design features of the embodiment can be freely combined with each other and with the features described above in any manner.
Es zeigen
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer auf etwaige Lichtbögen überwachten elektrischen Anlage;
- Figur 2
- eine Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung mit einem optischen Lichtbogensensor;
- Figuren 3-5
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines optischen Lichtbogensensors mit seinen Einzelteilen bzw. in montierter Version;
- Figur 6
- der Lichtbogensensor der
Figuren 3-5 in der Draufsicht; und - Figur 7
- der Lichtbogensensor gemäß
Figur 6 in einer Schnittdarstellung.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic representation of a monitored for any arcs electrical system;
- FIG. 2
- an arc detection device with an optical arc sensor;
- Figures 3-5
- an embodiment of an optical arc sensor with its individual parts or in mounted version;
- FIG. 6
- the arc sensor of
Figures 3-5 in the plan view; and - FIG. 7
- the arc sensor according to
FIG. 6 in a sectional view.
Unter anderem überwacht das Schutzgerät 16 die elektrische Anlage 10 hinsichtlich des Auftretens elektrischer Lichtbögen, die beispielsweise bei einem Spannungsüberschlag zwischen zwei unterschiedliche elektrische Potentiale aufweisenden Teilen der elektrischen Anlage 10 auftreten können. Solche Spannungsüberschläge treten beispielsweise bei einer nicht ausreichenden elektrischen Isolierung innerhalb der elektrischen Anlage 10 auf und können zur Beschädigung oder Zerstörung der elektrischen Anlage 10 und zur Gefährdung von Betriebspersonal der elektrischen Anlage 10 führen. Daher sind Lichtbögen innerhalb der elektrischen Anlage 10 unmittelbar zu erkennen und durch Abschalten der betroffenen stromführenden Komponenten zum Erlöschen zu bringen.Among other things, the
Zur Überwachung der elektrischen Anlage 10 hinsichtlich des Auftretens von Lichtbögen sind in den einzelnen Bereichen 14a-d der elektrischen Anlage optische Lichtbogensensoren 17 angeordnet, die bei einem Lichtbogen entstehendes Licht über Lichtleiter an ein in dem Schutzgerät 16 integriertes Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul übermitteln. Mit dem Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul findet eine Auswertung der übermittelten Lichtsignale statt, beispielsweise indem die Lichtstärke des übermittelten Lichtsignals bzw. eine Amplitude eines aus dem Lichtsignal gebildeten elektrischen Signals mit einem Schwellenwert verglichen wird und bei Überschreitung des Schwellenwertes ein einen Lichtbogen angebendes Lichtbogen-Erkennungssignal gebildet wird. Das Schutzgerät 16 kann das Vorhandensein eines Lichtbogens allein anhand der durch die Lichtbogensensoren übermittelten Lichtsignale erkennen. Alternativ kann das Schutzgerät jedoch auch zusätzliche Parameter, wie beispielsweise Ströme in den einzelnen elektrischen Komponenten (z.B. den Sammelschienen 11a-c und den Stichleitungen 12a-c), Druckerhöhungen etc. heranziehen, um hiermit ein Lichtbogenfehlersignal verifizieren zu können. Bei vorliegendem und ggf. verifiziertem Lichtbogen-Erkennungssignal wird der betroffene Teil der elektrischen Anlage durch Öffnen einer zugehörigen Schalteinrichtung (z.B. einer der Schalteinrichtungen 13a-c) abgeschaltet.For monitoring the
Verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Erkennung eines Lichtbogens anhand von Signalen der Lichtbogensensoren und ggf. anderen Parametern sind dem Fachmann bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und sollen daher an dieser Stelle nicht weiter vertieft werden.Various ways of detecting an arc based on signals from the arc sensors and possibly other parameters are already known in the art from the prior art and therefore should not be further deepened at this point.
Das Lichtbogenerkennungsmodul 21 weist einen optischen Empfänger und einen optischen Sender auf, die im Beispiel der
Mittels des optischen Senders können Prüflichtsignale erzeugt und über einen im Lichtleiterpaar 23 enthaltenen Sende-Lichtleiter an den Lichtbogensensor 22 übermittelt werden. Die Prüflichtsignale werden zur Überwachung der korrekten Funktionsweise der Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung 20, insbesondere des Lichtbogensensors 22 sowie des Lichtleiterpaars 23, des Steckverbinders 24 und des optischen Empfängers, verwendet. Dazu werden die Prüflichtsignale im Lichtbogensensor 22 in den Empfangs-Lichtleiter eingekoppelt und über diesen zurück zum optischen Empfänger geführt. Wird ein ausgesendetes Prüflichtsignal im Empfänger korrekt empfangen, so wird hierdurch die korrekte Funktionsweise der Lichtbogenerkennungseinrichtung 20 erkannt.Test light signals can be generated by means of the optical transmitter and transmitted to the
Das in
In den
Hierzu zeigt zunächst
Als Lichtleiter können beispielsweise sogenannte POFs (Polymere optische Fasern) oder Glasfasern verwendet werden.As a light guide, for example, so-called POFs (polymer optical fibers) or glass fibers can be used.
An den Enden der Lichtleiter 32, 33 ist deren Ummantelung entfernt worden, so dass, insbesondere an deren Stoßstelle 35, einerseits ein Lichtsignal von außen in den ersten Lichtleiter 32 eingekoppelt werden kann und andererseits ein Prüflichtsignal von dem zweiten Lichtleiter 33 an den ersten Lichtleiter 32 übertragen werden kann. Zur Fixierung der korrekten Ausrichtung der Enden der beiden Lichtleiter zueinander ist zudem ein Fixierelement 36 vorgesehen, in das die Enden der Lichtleiter 32, 33 von beiden Seiten eingeschoben werden können. Dabei kann die Bohrung im Fixierelement 36 als Durchgangsbohrung ausgebildet sein oder mittig in dem Fixierelement 36 ein Steg stehen gelassen worden sein, um die beiden Enden jeweils mit gleicher Länge in das Fixierelement 36 einschieben zu können. Das Fixierelement 36 kann nach dem Einschieben der Enden der beiden Lichtleiter 32, 33 in eine entsprechende Aussparung im Gehäuseboden 30 eingesetzt werden.
Der Gehäusedeckel 31 ist an seiner Oberseite im Wesentlichen flach ausgebildet. Lediglich im Bereich des Lichterfassungsbereichs 40 ist an dem Gehäusedeckel 31 eine nach außen gerichtete Wölbung 38 vorgesehen. Diese dient zur Vergrößerung des Einfallswinkelbereichs für Lichtsignals, die von außen in den Lichtbogensensor 22 eintreten und erhöht damit den "Sichtbereich" des Lichtbogensensors 22. Die Wölbung 37 ist dabei vorzugsweise einstückig mit dem Gehäusedeckel 31 und aus demselben Material wie dieser ausgebildet.The
Der Gehäusedeckel 31 (inklusive der Wölbung) kann beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoff hergestellt sein. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Herstellung durch Fräsen oder im Spritzgussverfahren. Als Kunststoff kann beispielsweise Teflon oder ein Polycarbonat (PC), Polyamid (PA), Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol (ABS) oder eine Kombination aus den genannten Kunststoffen (z.B. PC-ABS), vorzugsweise in naturbelassener oder weißer Färbung verwendet werden. Bei der Herstellung durch Spritzgießen wird der Sensordeckel vorzugsweise "ausgehöhlt", also in Schalenbauweise, ausgestaltet. Der Gehäuseboden 30 kann aus demselben Material oder einem beliebigen anderen geeigneten Material hergestellt sein. Dabei wird aufgrund der dielektrischen Eigenschaften und der einfachen Herstellung ebenfalls ein Kunststoff bevorzugt.The housing cover 31 (including the curvature) may be made of a plastic, for example. This allows easy production by milling or injection molding. As the plastic, for example, Teflon or a polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or a combination of said plastics (e.g., PC-ABS), preferably in natural or white color, may be used. In the production by injection molding of the sensor cover is preferably "hollowed out", ie in shell construction, configured. The
Der Gehäuseboden weist eine Durchgangsbohrung 41 auf, die eine einfache Befestigung des Lichtbogensensors 22 an einem Montagebereich der elektrischen Anlage, beispielsweise durch Festschrauben an einer Schaltschrankwand einer Mittelspannungsschaltanlage, ermöglicht. Korrespondierend zu der Durchgangsbohrung 41 weist der Gehäusedeckel einen Montagedurchlass auf, die bei auf den Gehäuseboden aufgesetztem Gehäusedeckel für ein Werkzeug einen Zugang zu der Durchgangsbohrung ermöglicht.The housing bottom has a through
Zudem weisen der Gehäuseboden 30 und der Gehäusedeckel 31 hinsichtlich ihrer Lage zueinander korrespondierende Befestigungsmittel 43, 44 auf, die in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel als Schraublöcher für entsprechende Schrauben 45 ausgebildet sind, und die ein Verbinden des Gehäusedeckels 31 mit dem Gehäuseboden 30 ermöglichen. Alternativ zu einer Schraubverbindung könnten die Befestigungsmittel auch Rastelemente, Klipelemente, Führungselemente oder ähnliche geeignete Mittel umfassen.In addition, the
Die Dämpfung der Lichtsignale von außen sollte durch entsprechende Ausgestaltung des Gehäusedeckels 31 mit der Wölbung 38 und ggf. des Fixierelementes 36 so eingestellt werden, dass zwar Lichtsignale 70, die von einem Lichtbogen in der elektrischen Anlage stammen und eine entsprechend hohe Ausgangslichtstärke aufweisen, mit signifikanter Einlasslichtstärke zum Lichterfassungsbereich 40 und letztlich zum Ende des ersten Lichtleiters hindurch gelangen und in das Ende des ersten Lichtleiters eingekoppelt werden können, Lichtsignale 71 aber, die von anderen Lichtquellen mit geringerer Lichtintensität bzw. Ausgangslichtstärke stammen, hingegen nicht oder nur vergleichsweise schwach zum Lichterfassungsbereich 40 hindurch gelangen, so dass sie nicht oder nur schwach in den Lichtleiter eingekoppelt werden und über einen entsprechend gewählten Schwellenwert bei der Auswertung von einem Lichtsignal eines Lichtbogens unterschieden werden können. Eine durch den Gehäusedeckel 31 mit der Wölbung 38 und ggf. das Fixierelement 36 erreichte Dämpfung für von außen einfallendes Licht kann beispielsweise zwischen -22 dBm und -26dBm liegen.The attenuation of the light signals from the outside should be adjusted by appropriate design of the
Um den Sichtbereich des Lichtbogensensors 22 so groß wie möglich auszugestalten, kann die Wölbung 38 einen Teil einer Kugeloberfläche beschreiben, wobei im Mittelpunkt der beschriebenen Kugel zumindest näherungsweise der Lichterfassungsbereich 40 mit dem Stoßpunkt der Enden der Lichtleiter liegen sollte.In order to make the field of view of the
Claims (12)
- Optical arc sensor (22) for detecting an arc in an electrical installation (10) comprising- a sensor housing having a housing base (30) and a housing cover (31) capable of being placed onto the housing base (30);- a first optical waveguide (32), one end of which is arranged within the sensor housing for the purpose of detecting a light signal generated by an arc;- a second optical waveguide (33), one end of which is arranged within the sensor housing for the purpose of emitting a test light signal, wherein the ends of the two optical waveguides (32, 33) that are arranged within the sensor housing are optically connected to one another;- the sensor housing has a guide (34), which guides the two optical waveguides (32, 33) within the sensor housing in such a way that their respective ends are arranged parallel to one another and in a manner directed directly towards one another in a light detection region (40);- the housing cover (31) is embodied in a substantially flat fashion and has, in the region of the light detection region (40), an outwardly directed bulge (38) configured from the same material as the housing cover (31); and- the guide (34) is shaped in such a way that the ends facing away from those ends of the optical waveguides (32, 33) that are arranged within the sensor housing are guided out of the sensor housing at the same side of the sensor housing;- the guide (34) is configured in such a way that both optical waveguides (32, 33) are axially symmetrical within the sensor housing and experience substantially the same curvature directed towards one another;characterized in that
the bulge (38) arranged in the housing cover (31) is configured with regard to its material and/or its shaping such that it brings about a desired damping of a light signal that enters the light detection region (40) from outside the sensor housing in such a way that only light signals having an initial light intensity that is characteristic of an arc enter the light detection region (40) with a significant entry light intensity. - Optical arc sensor (22) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that- the guide (34) is embodied as a groove shaped in the housing base (30) or the housing cover (31). - Optical arc sensor (22) according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that- the housing cover (31) is formed from a plastic. - Optical arc sensor (22) according to any of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that- the housing base (30) has a through hole (41) for securing the sensor housing to a mounting region; and- the housing cover (31) has a mounting passage (42) enabling access to the through hole (41) in the housing base (30) when the housing cover (31) has been placed onto the housing base (30) . - Optical arc sensor (22) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that- provision is made of securing means (43, 44) corresponding to one another with regard to their position in the housing base (30) and in the housing cover (31), said securing means enabling the housing cover (31) to be secured to the housing base (30). - Optical arc sensor (22) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that- a fixing element (36) is provided, which is inserted into the sensor housing in the region of the light detection region (40) and fixes the orientation of the ends of the two optical waveguides (32, 33) with respect to one another. - Optical arc sensor (22) according to Claim 6,
characterized in that- the fixing element (36) is configured in such a way that the ends of the optical waveguides (32, 33) are insertable into the fixing element (36) from both sides. - Optical arc sensor (22) according to either of the preceding Claims 6 and 7,
characterized in that- the fixing element (36) consists of the same material as the housing cover (31). - Optical arc sensor (22) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that- those ends of the optical waveguides (32, 33) which face away from the ends arranged within the sensor housing are provided with a plug connector (24) for coupling to an arc recognition module (21). - Optical arc sensor (22) according to Claim 6,
characterized in that- the fixing element (36) is configured with regard to its material and/or its shaping such that it brings about, together with the bulge (38) arranged in the housing cover (31), the desired damping of a light signal entering the light detection region (40) from outside the sensor housing. - Optical arc sensor (22) according to any of the preceding claims,
characterized in that- the bulge (38) arranged in the housing cover (31) describes a part of a surface of a sphere; and- the ends of the two optical waveguides (32, 33) are arranged at the midpoint of the sphere described by the bulge (38). - Electrical arc recognition device (20) comprising- an arc recognition module (21) having an optical receiver and an optical transmitter; and- an arc sensor (22) configured according to any of Claims 1 to 11, wherein- the optical receiver for receiving light signals is optically connected to the first optical waveguide (32) of the arc sensor (22) and the optical transmitter for emitting test light signals is optically connected to the second optical waveguide (33) of the arc sensor (22).
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EP14167133.9A EP2942850B1 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2014-05-06 | Optical arcing detector and arc detecting device with such detector |
ES14167133T ES2755099T3 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2014-05-06 | Arc Flash Sensor and Arc Flash Detection Device with Optical Arc Flash Sensor |
PL14167133T PL2942850T3 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2014-05-06 | Optical arcing detector and arc detecting device with such detector |
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EP14167133.9A EP2942850B1 (en) | 2014-05-06 | 2014-05-06 | Optical arcing detector and arc detecting device with such detector |
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EP2942850A1 EP2942850A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
EP2942850B1 true EP2942850B1 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
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DE2856188C2 (en) | 1978-12-27 | 1985-09-05 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | Device for the detection of arcing faults in switchgear |
WO1992010845A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-25 | Elin Energieversorgung Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Circuits and measurement value receiver for detecting and measuring light sources |
DE19757844A1 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-01 | Moeller Gmbh | Switch arcing detector with non-wound light guide |
AU2009293077B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2012-07-19 | Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Arc flash protection with self-test |
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2014
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