EP2941636B1 - Système et procédé pour détecter de l'ammoniac dans un fluide - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour détecter de l'ammoniac dans un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2941636B1
EP2941636B1 EP14737844.2A EP14737844A EP2941636B1 EP 2941636 B1 EP2941636 B1 EP 2941636B1 EP 14737844 A EP14737844 A EP 14737844A EP 2941636 B1 EP2941636 B1 EP 2941636B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammonia
fluid
interference pattern
phase shift
monitoring system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14737844.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2941636A4 (fr
EP2941636A1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Campbell
Jayme Caspall
Janet COBB-SULLIVAN
Bonnie BOBZIN
Kenneth Johnson
Robert E. Jones
Michael R. Slawson
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Lumense Inc
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Lumense Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2941636A1 publication Critical patent/EP2941636A1/fr
Publication of EP2941636A4 publication Critical patent/EP2941636A4/fr
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Publication of EP2941636B1 publication Critical patent/EP2941636B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B9/02—Interferometers
    • G01B9/02015—Interferometers characterised by the beam path configuration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K31/00—Housing birds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/60—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor integrally combined with devices for controlling the filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B01D46/46—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration automatic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0054—Ammonia
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
    • G01N33/0063—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display using a threshold to release an alarm or displaying means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
    • G01N2021/458—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods using interferential sensor, e.g. sensor fibre, possibly on optical waveguide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
    • G01N2021/7779—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor interferometric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • Ammonia is a byproduct of poultry excretion. Studies have shown that maintenance of low ammonia levels in industrial poultry houses is an important factor in increasing processing yield and feed efficiency, reducing bird stress and disease, and improving bird uniformity. Birds subject to high levels of ammonia weigh less, on average, than birds growing in low levels. Additionally, there is a greater spread in bird weight, and greater numbers of significantly undersized birds, making processing more difficult. High ammonia levels also negatively affect bird welfare at minimum and major levels. Levels above 35 parts per million (ppm) may adversely affect birds' growth, respiration, and disease immunity over time. At ammonia levels above 50 ppm, the spread of viruses, like Newcastle disease virus, can accelerate exponentially in a flock to the point where the whole flock can be lost. Corneal lesions also dramatically increase at ammonia levels above 50 ppm. Above 100 ppm, birds may face immediate life threatening danger if action is not taken.
  • ppm parts per million
  • WO 00/26642 A1 discloses an ammonia sensor based on a planar waveguide interferometer comprising a test channel and a reference channel. An interference pattern resulting from light beams passing through said waveguide channels is converted to a sinusoidal output via a slit and a detector. The sinusoidal output is then deconvolved to produce the total phase shift indicative of the ammonia concentration.
  • EP 2 500 314 A1 discloses a photonic crystal sensor comprising an analyte-sensitive polymeric material whose refractive index is changed by contact with the analyte.
  • US 5 057 436 A (BALL; 15 October 1991) discloses an ammonia detector based on an electrochemical MOS sensor.
  • WO 96/09576 A1 (GEORGIA TECH RES INST [US]; 28 March 1996) discloses a control system which controls ammonia levels in a poultry house by actuating fans and heaters.
  • the present invention is defined in claims 1 and 10 and provides an ammonia monitoring system.
  • the ammonia monitoring system includes an ammonia sensor that is configured to detect trace amounts of ammonia (NH 3 ) in a fluid (i.e., gas or liquid) that is pumped through it in real time.
  • the real time ammonia sensor includes an interferometer configured to track the amount of ammonia that is pumped into the real time ammonia sensor.
  • the ammonia monitoring system via the real time ammonia sensor, is further configured to detect ammonia levels in industrial poultry houses and provide electronic feedback to the building's ventilation control system.
  • the ammonia monitoring system is further configured to display ammonia levels determined by the real time ammonia sensor in real time.
  • the ammonia monitoring system is configured to log historical data, including data related to the ammonia levels detected by the real time ammonia sensor.
  • the real time ammonia monitoring system is further configured to issue threshold alerts.
  • the methods and systems may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
  • the methods and systems may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (e.g., computer software) embodied in the storage medium. Any suitable computer-readable storage medium may be utilized including hard disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including computer readable instructions for implementing the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • the present invention is directed to an ammonia monitoring system 10.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1-2 is configured for use in poultry houses 12. While FIGS. 1-2 show the ammonia monitoring system 10 configured for monitoring air in poultry houses 12, the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be used in a variety of settings in which the continuous monitoring for ammonia in a fluid (i.e., gas or liquid) is needed.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be configured for use in concentrated animal feed operations, such as, but not limited to, turkey grow-out and swine houses. Further, the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be utilized in utility industry settings.
  • Such industrial settings include, but are limited to, remediating dangerous smokestack gases with ammonia and the monitoring of ammonia leaks when ammonia is utilized as a coolant.
  • components of the ammonia monitoring system 10 as described below can be modified for use in environmental protection applications, including, but not limited to, measuring the ammonia level in water.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 includes a real time ammonia sensor 20, a junction box 14, intake hoses 16 and exhaust hoses 17, and a dust and feather filter 18. Further, the ammonia monitoring system 10, and more specifically, the real time ammonia sensor 20, are configured to interact with the house controller 30 (see FIG. 2 ) of the poultry house 12, and more specifically, with the ventilation components of the control system, including the house controller 30, of the poultry house 12.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 is configured for use in a poultry house 12, with the junction box 14, intake hoses 16, exhaust hoses 17, and dust and feather filter 18 configured to be located within the poultry holding area 12a, and the real time ammonia sensor 20 located in the control room 12b.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 can also include additional in-house sensors (not shown) positioned within the poultry holding area 12a. Such sensors can include, but are not limited to, humidity and temperature sensors, and can be found in the junction box 14.
  • Various fastening means including, but not limited to, mounting brackets, may be used to secure the components of the ammonia monitoring system 10 at their respective positions within the poultry house 12.
  • junction box 14 and the real time ammonia sensor 20 can be mounted at various locations within the poultry holding area 12a and the control room 12b respectively, it is preferable that the junction box 14 and real time ammonia sensor 20 be mounted approximate to one another on a shared wall. For example, it is preferable to mount the real time ammonia sensor 20 approximately five feet off the ground to facilitate touchscreen operation with the junction box 14 mounted at a level about a foot below the bottom of the sensor. While the above describes the preferred mounting configuration, the ammonia monitoring system 10 is not limited to such. For example, other embodiments of the ammonia monitoring system 10 include having the ammonia sensor 20 and junction box 14 within the poultry house itself. Further, in some settings, the ammonia monitoring system 10 may not require a junction box 14. All that is needed is for the ammonia monitoring system 10 to have ways to provide fluid from a poultry holding area 12a to the real time ammonia sensor 20.
  • the junction box 14 provides a protected location to house the junctions and cover holes drilled in the wall for the intake hoses 16 and exhaust hoses 17 to connect to the real time ammonia sensor 20.
  • the junction box 14 includes a mounting flange and is of sturdy enough construction to withstand pressure washing during house cleanout of the industrial poultry house 12 (and more specifically, the poultry holding area 12a) between flocks.
  • the junction box 14 has two air paths, one for the poultry house intake hose 16 and one for the exhaust hose 17, both discussed in more detail below.
  • the junction box 14 preferably includes a cover that is removable during end-of-cycle maintenance.
  • the intake hose 16 of the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be configured to be comprised of two sections, one section 16b for use in the control room side 12b and one section 16a for use in the poultry holding area 12a.
  • both sections 16a, 16b of the intake hose 16 are of a standard size.
  • the diameter of the sections 16a, 16b can be 1 ⁇ 4 inch. Hoses 16a, 16b with larger diameters can require longer priming time as well as increased surface area for condensation, which can lead to a less efficient ammonia monitoring system 10.
  • the sections 16a, 16b can have diameters of various sizes.
  • the material of the intake hose 16, including the different sections 16a, 16b are made out of a material that does not absorb ammonia and is low in surface energy to prevent moisture adhesion.
  • the intake hose 16 can be made out of materials including, but not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). While PTFE can absorb ammonia, it is inert and does not change ammonia chemically.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the lengths of the section 16a of the intake hose 16 found in poultry holding area 12a and the section 16b of the intake hose found in the control room 12b can vary based upon the needs of the poultry house 12.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be distributed a 20-50ft section 16a of the intake hose 16 for the poultry holding area 12a and with a 2 ft section 16b of intake hose 16 for the control room side 12b.
  • each section 16a, 16b of the intake hose 16 can be shortened as required for the particular installation.
  • the section 16b of the intake hose 16 on the control room side 12b is configured to connect to section 16a of the intake hose 16 found in the poultry holding area 12a through the junction box 14 via a hole in the control room wall.
  • the other end of the section 16b of the intake hose 16 found in the control room 12b is further configured to connect to the real time ammonia sensor 20 of the system 10, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the section 16a of the intake hose 16 stretching through the poultry holding area 12a connects to the short intake hose section 16b through the intake path of the junction box 14.
  • the sections 16a, 16b of the intake hose 16 are configured to be transparent to allow inspection for moisture, excessive dust, or debris in the intake hose 16.
  • the intake hose 16 may be opaque.
  • one end of the section 16a of the intake hose 16 in the poultry holding area 12a can configured to be connected with the dust and feather filter 18. While the height of the end of the section 16a of the intake hose 16, and the coupled dust and feather filter 18, as placed within the poultry holding area 12a can vary.
  • the end of the section 16a of the intake hose 16 is oriented so that it takes in air at a level just above the height of a full-grown chicken.
  • the intake hose 16 and dust and feather filter 18 are configured to be moveable (e.g., flexible and removable) so as not to impede workers and their equipment during house maintenance.
  • the dust and feather filter 18 is configured to block objects and dust, but must not reduce the filtered fluid's humidity or affect the ammonia level in the air.
  • the dust and feather filter 18 can be configured out of suitable materials that prevent dust particles, feather, and bugs from entering the intake hose 16.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 can utilize a dust and feather filter 18 comprised of reticulated foam (e.g., INOAC's EZ-Dri polyether-polyurethanane foam) and a fine mesh wire screen. Filter types known to those of ordinary skill in the art can be utilized in other embodiments of the present invention.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 includes an exhaust hose 17. While the exhaust hose 17 can be of any length, the exhaust hose 17 does not need to be extremely long because the exhaust hose 17 is used to return air to the poultry house. Further, while the diameter of the exhaust hose 17 may be of any size, it is preferable that the exhaust hose 17 diameter be of a different diameter than the section 16b of the intake hose in the control room 12b to preclude cross connection with the ammonia sensor 20. Further, it is preferable that the exhaust hose 17 include an exhaust filter 19 to prevent backflow of dust when the ammonia monitoring system 10 is not circulating air. In an aspect, the exhaust filter 19 can be changed or cleaned with water or forced air.
  • the real time ammonia sensor 20 includes a housing 22, a user interface 40, and external connections 50.
  • the housing 22 of the real time ammonia sensor 20 contains various hardware and software components discussed in further detail below.
  • the housing 22 is configured to be rugged, and made of a sturdy material, including but not limited to, sheet metal or molded plastic, sufficient to protect the inner components of the ammonia sensor 20 and meet various safety and regulatory requirements.
  • the housing 22 can include a removable filter cover, giving access to certain components of the ammonia sensor 20, including an ammonia filter cartridge, discussed in more detail below.
  • the housing 22 is configured to notify (e.g., via a switch) the various hardware and software components of the ammonia sensor 20 when the filter cover is removed or reinstalled.
  • the real time ammonia sensor 20 includes a user interface 40.
  • the user interface 40 comprises a single, large, backlit color touchscreen on which all user controls and displays reside.
  • the user interface 40 can include an interactive touchscreen.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can include other types of user interfaces 40, including, but not limited to, a combination keypad and display screen, and the like.
  • the real time ammonia sensor 20 provides external connections 50 that facilitate the monitoring of ammonia levels within the poultry holding area 12a, as well communication with the house controller 30.
  • the bottom of the housing 22 provides five external connections 50, including two fluidic connections 52a, 52b, a communication connector 54, a power connector 56, and an auxiliary data port 58.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can include more or fewer external connections 50, as well as connections of different types.
  • the fluidic connections 52 include an intake port 52a ("IN”) and an exhaust port 52b ("OUT"), which connect to the intake hose 16 and the exhaust hose 17, respectively.
  • the intake port 52a and the exhaust port 52b connect the intake hose 16 and the exhaust hose 17 to components within the housing 22 of the ammonia sensor 20.
  • Such components include, but are not limited to, a fluid circulation subsystem (FCS) 100 and a chemical sensor module (CSM) 200, both shown in FIGS. 3-7 and discussed in more detail below.
  • These ports 52a, 52b may include nipples that connect to the respective intake hose 16 and exhaust hose 17.
  • the nipples of the intake port 52a and the exhaust port 52b and intake hose 16 and exhaust hose 17 are of different sizes to preclude cross connection.
  • the intake hose 16 and all other parts exposed to air on the inlet side be made of materials that do not off-gas, and do not absorb ammonia or other gases. This material, as discussed above, can include, but is not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the communication connector 54 is configured to output real-time information to various components associated with the ammonia monitoring system 10.
  • such real-time information can include, but is not limited to, NH 3 and humidity levels as well as temperature.
  • the communication connector 54 can be configured to output the real-time information to the house controller 30.
  • the house controller 30 is configured to control lighting, ventilation, heating, humidity, and other parameters in the poultry holding area 12a.
  • the house controller 30 is configured to control the ventilation of the poultry house 12 based upon the notification from the ammonia monitoring system 10 that the concentration of ammonia in the poultry housing area 12b has reached a certain level or passed a given threshold.
  • the various connectors can be used with the communication connector 54, dependent on the needs of the house controller 30 and various components.
  • the various connectors may have a standard connector on the end that connects to communication connector 54 of the ammonia sensor 20, with the other end being defined by the type of house controller 30.
  • the communication connector 54 could also be achieved wirelessly by adding an external wireless dongle at the communication connector 54, or by using an internal modem.
  • the power connector 56 is configured to accept a plug-in power cable.
  • the power cable can be a standard 110VAC, 3-prong cable approved for use in the United States. Other power cables may be utilized as well.
  • the power cable is hardwired into the ammonia sensor 20, with an appropriate strain relief. Power can be provided through various means known in the art.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can include an internal power source, including, but not limited to, a battery, solar panel assembly, or the like. In such aspects, a power connector 56 may not be necessary.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can include auxiliary data ports 58.
  • the auxiliary data ports 58 can be configured to include a USB port.
  • the USB port of the ammonia sensor 20 can be configured to be compatible with standard USB cables.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can have other auxiliary data port types 58 that are compatible with various other connectivity means known in the art.
  • some embodiments of the ammonia sensor 20 can include a dedicated memory stick configured to removably couple to the auxiliary data port 58.
  • the memory stick may include pre-loaded software for installing a simple application on a user's computer.
  • the memory stick can be configured to connect to the ammonia sensor 20 to download data, which can then be transferred to a user's own computer, where software will retrieve it for the user to store, display, and manipulate.
  • an auxiliary data port 58 can be configured to provide the interface for calibration and diagnostics, as well as the uploading of new software.
  • the auxiliary data port 58 can be provided as a separate output from the communication connector 54 to allow a user to connect to the auxiliary data port 58 and download historical or real-time data without interrupting the output signal to the house controller 30.
  • the communication connector 54 should be of a different physical connection type from the auxiliary data port 58 to preclude cross-connection.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 includes hardware and software components.
  • the hardware components of the ammonia sensor 20 include three interdependent subsystems organized by hardware function - not by physical location or implementation.
  • the subsystems include a fluid circulation subsystem (FCS) 100, a chemical sensor module (CSM) 200, and a monitor controller (MC) 300.
  • FCS 100, CSM 200, and the MC 300 work together to monitor the concentration of ammonia in the poultry holding area 12b, and alert the house controller 30 to ventilate the poultry holding area 12b upon reaching a certain threshold concentration.
  • the FCS 100 can include a pump 110 and valve 108 that interact with an ammonia filter 104, the junction box 14, and all external hoses (intake 16 and exhaust 17 and respective filters 18, 19) and internal hoses discussed in more detail below.
  • Components of the FCS 100 can be connected to the CSM 200.
  • the CSM 200 includes a laser 240, waveguide 230, camera 250, and mount (shown in FIGS. 5-6 ).
  • the FCS 100 and CSM 200 are connected to the MC 300.
  • the MC 300 is an embedded system or single board computer which controls the FCS 100, the CSM 200, image processing from the CSM 200, data processing from any additional sensors, the touchscreen display 40, user Interface connections, and power conditioning.
  • the MC 300 provides power and commands to all electronic components of the FCS 100 and CSM 200, and receives data from the CSM 200.
  • the MC 300 can also input and output data to the communication connector 54 and auxiliary data ports 58, including receiving commands.
  • 110VAC power enters through the power connector 56 and is converted to required levels by the internal electronics of the MC 300.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing connections and flow in the FCS 100 to various components of the ammonia monitoring system 10.
  • fluid enters on the left through the intake port 52a (labeled air inlet in FIG. 4 ), and is immediately split into two paths: a filtered path 102 going through the ammonia filter 104, the unfiltered path 106 bypassing the ammonia filter 104.
  • the ammonia filter 104 filters ammonia out of the fluid, but should not affect its humidity level, temperature, or other characteristics.
  • the ammonia filter 104 can be made of a variety of filter material comprised of, but not limited to, copper sulfate pentahydrate, copper bromide, and the like.
  • Both the filtered path 102 and the unfiltered path 106 terminate in inlets to a valve 108, which selects either the filtered fluid (i.e., from the filtered path 102 with the filter 104) or the unfiltered fluid (i.e., unfiltered path 106) to pass through via additional tubing 112 to a waveguide of the CSM 200.
  • a pump 110 can control the flow of the fluid to CSM 200.
  • the ammonia sensor 20, and more specifically the CSM 200 can be configured to self-calibrate on a regular basis to reduce sensor drift and maintain accuracy. For each sense cycle, the filtered fluid is first measured to establish a zero-ammonia baseline, in order to cancel waveguide drift.
  • the filtered path 102 and the unfiltered path 106 should be balanced in terms of the pressure drop through the path, the time travel for fluid through the path, and the relative humidity.
  • the FCS 100 can utilize a temperature sensor and a temperature controlling mechanism (e.g., a fan or heating coil) to regulate temperatures of the fluids passing through the filtered path 102 and unfiltered path 106.
  • the pump 110 whose location in the stream can change (i.e., the pump 110 can be external to the ammonia sensor 20), either pushes or pulls fluid from the poultry holding area 12a through the ammonia sensor 20, including to the CSM 200, for ammonia level measurement.
  • the fluid exits the CSM 200 via additional tubing 114 and passes through the exhaust port 52b, which passes the fluid to the exhaust hose 17.
  • Table 1 discloses parameters of the various components of the FCS 100 according to an aspect. Table 1. Air Circulation Subsystem Parameters Specification Parameter Sym Unit min typ max Air Flow Through Sensor L / min 0.2 System Leak Rate mL / min 5 Leak Rate Through Valve % 0.1 Ammonia Filter Capacity days 75
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can contain two valves 108, and fluid is continually pumped through both the filtered path 102 and unfiltered path 106 so that there is no latency between the environmental characteristics of the fluid the filtered path 102 and unfiltered path 106.
  • fluid from the path not being pulled or pushed through the CSM 200 bypasses the CSM 200 and is coupled with fluid coming out of the CSM 200 to be exhausted through the exhaust port 52b.
  • an ammonia monitoring system 2000 can be configured to provide a multi-valve switching mechanism for multi-point sampling in the poultry holding areas 2012a, particularly for the mega-coops, as illustrated in FIG. 16 .
  • multiple intake hoses 2016 and filters 2018 can be found in multiple poultry holding areas 2012a.
  • the multiple intake hoses 2016 can be configured to fit a junction box 2014 with a multi-valve switching mechanism (not shown) that switches between multiple inlets.
  • the ammonia sensor 2020 (in control room 2012b) and the intake switching (within the junction box 2014) are synchronized by a controller in the ammonia sensor 2020.
  • the switching mechanism can be modular so that additional intake lines 2016 can be added when needed.
  • a significantly greater area can be covered with this method.
  • the sampling rate per intake will be longer.
  • the intakes 2016 not currently being sampled can be continuously purged by a pump in the junction box 2014; this will decrease the need to prime the lines when the ammonia sensor 2020 switches to a new intake 2016.
  • the preferred embodiment of the ammonia monitoring system 10, and more specifically the FCS 100 is configured to operate without causing self-inflicted damage if either port becomes blocked for an indefinite period of time. Further, the ammonia filter 104 and/or neutral filter should be replaced as a part of normal maintenance at the end of each flock, nominally 8 weeks.
  • FIGS. 5-8 illustrate components of the chemical sensor module (CSM) 200.
  • the CSM 200 can be configured to utilize optical interferometry to sense the amount of ammonia in the fluid.
  • the CSM 200 contains a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
  • other optical interferometers including, but not limited to, Michelson, Fabry-Perot, Twyman-Green, Sagnac, Rayleigh, and Jamin interferometers can be used.
  • the interferometer includes a sense channel 234 coated with a polymer that selectively changes its index of refraction when exposed to ammonia, discussed in detail below.
  • Fluid labeled as "fluid flow” at the top of FIG. 5
  • Fluid is pumped in from the right through an inlet tube 210, and passes through a sealed chamber 220 (i.e., flowcell) over a waveguide 230.
  • a low power laser 240 launches a beam of monochromatic light into the waveguide 230.
  • Interference patterns are displayed on a camera 250 (e.g., a camera chip 250) or otherwise captured by another form of optical detector, at the output side of the CSM 200.
  • the CSM 200 utilizes a UI-1542LE-M model camera 250 from IDS Imaging.
  • the waveguide 230 is a stacked thin film structure with a base of optical glass, a thin core layer of a higher-index material, and an upper cladding layer into which are etched the long, narrow channels 234, 236.
  • the waveguide 230 consists of an input grating 232, one or more pairs of parallel channels - e.g., a sense channel 234 and a reference channel 236 - and one or more output gratings 238.
  • the waveguide 230 can be configured to have four pairs of sense channels 234 and reference channels 236, as well as four input gratings 232 and output gratings 238.
  • the CSM 200 can be configured for the laser 240 to be oriented under the waveguide 230 so that the light of the laser 240 enters the input grating 232 from the bottom of the waveguide 230, and is refracted to travel down the length of the sense channel 234 and reference channel 236 (left to right in FIGS. 5-7 ).
  • the sense channel(s) 234 is filled with a chemically sensitive polymer whose index of refraction changes in proportion to adsorption of the corresponding chemical, causing the speed of light in that polymer to change correspondingly.
  • the chemically-sensitive polymer that is utilized is configured to adsorb the chemical as the polymer is exposed to the chemical, and desorbs as the polymer is exposed to a fluid without the chemical.
  • the chemically-sensitive polymer is an ammonia adsorptive polymer, whose index of refraction changes in proportion to ammonia adsorption.
  • the polymer used to coat the sense channel(s) 234 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a polyvinylphenol (PVP) titrated to a pH of 7 with potassium hydroxide covered with a top coat of ethyl cellulose.
  • the reference channel 236 is covered so as to not be affected by the polymer coating (i.e., it is not adsorptive of ammonia).
  • the sense channel(s) is coated with PVP at a thickness of the PVP is 1600 Angstroms, while the thickness of the ethyl cellulose is 5000 Angstroms. In other embodiments of the invention, other coatings and thicknesses can be used.
  • the speed of light in the sense channel 234 and the reference channel 236 will be different to a degree proportional to the amount of ammonia in the fluid sample.
  • both the sense channel 234 and the reference channel 236 are either equally adsorptive to water vapor, or the CSM 200 is calibrated and inclusive of a humidity sensor, or the ammonia monitoring system 10 contains filters which dampen humidity transients in the fluid coming into the CSM 200, so that the overall effect of humidity on system performance is immaterial.
  • both the sense channel 234 and the reference channel 236 are also covered with a protective coating, permeable to ammonia, to reduce fouling.
  • ammonia-containing fluid i.e., the fluid that has gone through the unfiltered path 106, such path potentially containing a "neutral" filter which does not affect the chemical composition of the fluid but does balance pressure and flow through the unfiltered path with that of the filtered path 102
  • ammonia adsorbs to the sense channel 234 in proportion to the amount of the exposure (i.e., the more time exposed to ammonia, the more ammonia is adsorbed).
  • the waveguide 230 can then be exposed to the filtered fluid (i.e., the fluid that has gone through the filtered path 102 and filter 104).
  • Light from the laser 240 is coupled into the waveguide 230 and a portion of this coupled light (its evanescent field, as shown in FIG. 8 ) travels through the polymer coating that has been applied to the surface of the sense channel 234. Laser light also travels down the adjacent reference channel 236. The interference pattern generated by the optical interaction of light from the sense channel 234 and the reference channel 236 is imaged on the camera 250.
  • the sense channel 234, and more specifically the ammonia sensitive polymer, will capture or release ammonia molecules in proportion to the concentration of ammonia in the fluid, changing the index of refraction of the ammonia sensitive polymer on the sense channel 234, which therefore alters, in a quantifiable way, the interference pattern created by the recombination of the light passing through the sense channel 234 and the reference channel 236.
  • the phase shift of the interference pattern which, in an exemplary aspect, is proportional to the concentration of the ammonia, is determined using a processor running image processing algorithms, discussed in more detail below.
  • both light beams are again refracted and combined by the output grating 238, creating, as mentioned above, an interference pattern on the surface of the two-dimensional camera 250 or other form of optical detector. If ammonia is present, the light waves in the sense channel 234 and the reference channel 236 will travel at different speeds, and one will arrive at the output grating 238 before the other, causing a phase shift in the interference pattern on the camera chip 250 that is proportional to ammonia concentration.
  • the MC 300 analyzes the image from the camera chip 250 and measures the phase shift (the movement in the interference pattern over time as the ammonia concentration changes) to determine the ammonia concentration using calibration coefficients associated with the ammonia sensor 20 already accessible (e.g., stored within the MC 300). These coefficients may be updated through various means as well.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a single pair of channels 234, 236 on the waveguide 230
  • waveguides 230 may also contain multiple channel pairs (e.g., see FIG. 7 ), each with the same or different polymer pairs, to sense multiple analytes in the air sample, or to increase reliability.
  • Table 2 below provides the characteristics for the CSM 200 according to one exemplary aspect. Table 2. Chemical Sensor Module Characteristics Specification Parameter Sym Unit min typ max Laser Wavelength ⁇ nm 665 670 675 Polymer Composition System Sensitivity S ppm 5 Full Scale Range FSR ppm 1 100 Accuracy, after calibration and signal conditioning by Monitor Controller ppm -3 3 Damage Threshold ppm 500 Sense Time t sns sec
  • the MC 300 is resident in the ammonia sensor 20 and is not accessible to the user except functionally via the user interface 40 or external connectors 50.
  • the MC 300 includes the power control system of the ammonia sensor 20.
  • the power control system of the MC 300 includes a current monitor to detect off-nominal conditions, discussed in more detail below.
  • the MC 300 includes on-board memory.
  • the memory of the MC 300 is configured to be of a nonvolatile type and provides enough on-board memory to store three days' worth of readings at the shortest reading interval, which can be set by the user. In such aspects, the memory of the MC 300 is erased on a first-in, first-out basis when the memory becomes full.
  • the memory of the MC 300 is configured to maintain a system log file and user-defined identification data.
  • the memory of the MC 300 is configured to have 1 16k of user-defined identification data and at least 512k to maintain a system log file.
  • the MC 300 is configured to include a real time clock (RTC) which continues to track time even when the system 10, or more specifically the ammonia sensor 20, is powered down. It is preferred that the RTC shall maintain an accuracy of better than ⁇ 6 hours per year for up to three years.
  • RTC real time clock
  • the location and association of the components of the ammonia monitoring system 10 may vary from what is described above.
  • the junction box 14 may house various components, including, but not limited to, the pump 110, valve 108, and ammonia filter 104.
  • the junction box 14 may also include the CSM 200 and the FCS 100, with the MC 300 being housed separately in the housing 22 of the ammonia sensor 20.
  • some elements as discussed above may not be utilized in other embodiments.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be configured not to include a junction box 14: the various pumps 110, valves 108, the filter 104, and hoses that form the filtered path 102 and unfiltered path 106 can be exposed, or be contained within the housing of the ammonia sensor 20.
  • the MC 300 is configured to control overall operations of the ammonia sensor 20.
  • the MC 300 is configured to: control a user interface 40, which can comprise a touchscreen display; interface with the communication connector 54 and auxiliary data ports 58; interface with the user via the user interface 40 to set options and conduct maintenance; manage power input to the ammonia monitoring system 10; detect system faults and respond to them; save ammonia concentration data to a time-stamped data file; save significant events to a System Log; and detect and react to exceptions and errors.
  • control a user interface 40 which can comprise a touchscreen display; interface with the communication connector 54 and auxiliary data ports 58; interface with the user via the user interface 40 to set options and conduct maintenance; manage power input to the ammonia monitoring system 10; detect system faults and respond to them; save ammonia concentration data to a time-stamped data file; save significant events to a System Log; and detect and react to exceptions and errors.
  • the MC 300 is further configured to control the operation of the FCS 100 and the CSM 200. In an aspect, the MC 300 is configured to control various functions of the CSM 200. In an aspect, the MC 300 can be configured to determine the ammonia concentration as well. The MC 300 is configured to use applications, including an ammonia detection application discussed in detail below, to determine the ammonia concentration. In addition, the MC 300 can be configured to process the images from the CSM 200, including image cropping, to determine the ammonia concentration. In an aspect, the MC 300 can determine the ammonia concentration through a method 600 as illustrated in FIG. 9 .
  • the ammonia concentration is done by determining an appropriate measurement zone of the image (step 610), determining the interference pattern period within the measurement zone (step 620), determining the phase shift that has occurred from the interference pattern period (step 630), correlating the phase shift data with calibration data to obtain an analyte concentration reading (step 640), and processing the stream analyte concentration reading to eliminate noise and other potential faulty data (step 650).
  • the ammonia detection application can perform the method 600.
  • the MC 300 can determine the appropriate measurement zone for the images collected by the camera 250 in various ways (step 610). In an aspect, the MC 300 can determine the appropriate measurement zone by evaluating the relative high and low intensities of the images captured by the camera 250. Other known methods can be used to determine the appropriate measure zone.
  • the MC 300 can determine the interference pattern period within the measurement zone (step 620).
  • the MC 300 can utilize image processing algorithms to determine the interference pattern period.
  • the MC 300 can utilize a spatial Fourier transform algorithm.
  • the spatial Fourier transform algorithm is used to get the spatial frequency components of the interference pattern, and more specifically to find the dominant spatial frequency component.
  • other algorithms or methods can be used to determine the interference pattern frequency and components other than the dominant frequency component of the interference pattern can be used to determine concentration.
  • the MC 300 can find the phase shift that has occurred from the interference pattern period (step 630).
  • the MC 300 can use the dominant spatial frequency component that was determined by the Fourier transform algorithm.
  • a phase demodulation can use the dominant frequency component to measure the phase shift.
  • other processes can be used to determine the phase shift measurement.
  • the MC 300 can then correlate the phase shift data with calibration data to obtain an analyte concentration reading (step 640).
  • the phase shift data can be multiplied by a calibration coefficient to determine the ammonia concentration reading.
  • the MC 300 can process the concentration reading to eliminate noise and other potential faulty data (step 650). This can be done by using weighted averaging algorithms or other signal processing techniques. In addition, other environmental conditions can be considered as well to eliminate faulty data. For example, the analyte concentration reading can be adjusted according to the current humidity level. Such information can be obtained through humidity sensors. The analyte concentration reading can then be displayed by the user interface 40, and can be utilized to determine when the ammonia level in the poultry holding area 12a has reached a level that necessitates the activation of the house controller 30 to ventilate the holding area 12a.
  • the MC 300 is configured to control the operation of the ammonia monitoring system 10.
  • the MC 300 is configured to provide simple operations for a user.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 has a limited number of modes: a measurement mode, a standby mode, a system error mode, a maintenance mode, and a calibration and diagnostic Mode. While it is preferred that the ammonia sensor 20 be limited to these five modes, other embodiments may include more optional modes, different modes, or fewer modes.
  • FIGS. 10-12 depict screen illustrations of the modes discussed above as displayed to a user according to an aspect and are not meant to suggest specific layout or artwork for the screen.
  • the screens shown are meant to correspond to the display/user interface 40 of FIG. 2 .
  • the display 40 includes certain information provided to the user, including the status of which mode the ammonia sensor 20 is presently operating, and any corresponding readings.
  • the display 40 can include a measurement status indicator.
  • the measurement status indicator shows that the system is in standby mode. In standby mode, the ammonia sensor 20 is not operational, and displays "STANDBY" on its screen. This mode is generally used during times when no animals are present in the poultry holding area 12a.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can be configured to continuously measure, display, and record ammonia levels according to system presets, which can be adjusted by the user.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can be configured to notify the house controller 30 with the ammonia level reaches a certain level or threshold.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can continuously pass along information related to the ammonia levels to the house controller 30, and the house controller 30 can be configured to determine with the supplied ammonia levels surpass safe ammonia levels that necessitate ventilating the poultry holding area 12a.
  • the measurement status indicator shows that the system is in the MEASUREMENT mode, displaying a "NORMAL" to indicate the system is presently taking measurements, and the last measurement was within the Normal threshold set by the user.
  • a "CAUTION” measurement status indicator can be displayed.
  • a "WARNING” status indicator can be displayed.
  • Other embodiments may use descriptive words other than “Normal,” “Caution,” or “Warning.”
  • colors e.g, green, yellow, and red
  • the display 40 can include other information.
  • Such information can include a last measurement numerical indicator, a data/time display, and the filter capacity display.
  • the numerical indicator indicates the last ammonia level reading taken. In standby mode, this indicator reads "--.-", as shown in FIG. 10 . Further, it is preferable that the numerical indicator display the amount with 0.1 ppm precision.
  • the data/time display shows the present date and time, with minute precision, and is user adjustable in the preferred embodiment. Also in the preferred embodiment, the date / time display adjusts for daylight savings time (US and Europe) and leap years.
  • the filter capacity display indicates the status, present capacity, or remaining life of the ammonia filter.
  • the MC 300 keeps track of the total amount of ammonia to which the ammonia filter 104 has been exposed, as well as the time of exposure, and calculates remaining filter life.
  • the numerical indicator can have colors associated with the remaining capacity of the filter 104: green for high capacity, yellow at a lower value, and red at a still lower value.
  • the NH 3 filter capacity is at zero, the ammonia sensor will no longer take readings, and displays a "change filter" message.
  • the default threshold values for the color changes can be changed based upon the user's preference.
  • the number is automatically reset to its maximum each time the user goes through maintenance mode.
  • the filter capacity display will notify the user when a new filter has been installed improperly.
  • the display 40 can be configured to include Main Menu Controls.
  • the Main Menu Controls displayed can include a Start/Pause Measurement button, a Performance Maintenance button, a Set Options button, and a Return to Display button.
  • the Start / Pause Measurement button toggles between 'Start' and 'Pause' measurement. When pushed from Standby mode, it places the system in Measurement mode. When pushed from Measurement mode, it places the system in Standby mode.
  • the Perform Maintenance button launches Maintenance mode, described in more detail below.
  • the Set Options button opens a lower level of menus and keypad displays that allow the user to change system options.
  • the Return to Display button returns to the graphical display of historical measured NH 3 levels, as shown in FIG. 12 . When in Standby Mode, the display is static and shows the most recent readings. When in Measurement Mode, the display is dynamic and continues to update.
  • the Measurement Status Indicator, Last Measurement Numerical Indicator, Filter Capacity Indicator, and Date / Time Display continue to be displayed, independent of whether the graphical display or the menu is included in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the Graphical Display in Measurement Mode. As shown, the only control on the Graphical Display screen is the "Menu" button, which returns to the Main Menu (while remaining in either Standby or Measurement Mode). In other embodiments of the present invention, other buttons may be included on the Graphical Display.
  • the Graphical Display shows historical ammonia level readings. In Measurement Mode, it updates in real time. In Standby Mode, it shows the most recent readings.
  • the 'x' axis is time; 'y' axis is ammonia level in ppm. Both axes are user-adjustable and can autoscale, as necessary and as desired, to accommodate the data.
  • the lines can be displayed in a certain color for certain threshold levels of ammonia (e.g., yellow and red lines indicate the user-adjusted "Caution” and "Warning" thresholds, respectively). Date range limits on the display can be set by the user.
  • the parameters are displayed as a series of points connected by straight lines, during periods where the ammonia sensor 20 was in Measurement Mode. If the ammonia sensor 20 was placed in Standby Mode at any point during the time interval displayed, values during those durations are not displayed on the display, appearing as gaps in the line. While FIG. 12 shows the display illustrating the numbers using a traditional x and y axis that correspond to time and ammonia levels, other types of graphical representations may be used in other embodiments, including, but not limited, bar charts with min, max, and current levels.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 and the overall ammonia monitoring system 10 enters Measurement mode: (a) when "Start Measurement” is selected from the Main Menu; or (b) when the system returns from System Error Mode, if Measurement Mode was the last known mode (note: on return from a power dropout, the system starts in Standby Mode).
  • the display 40 illustrates the Graphical Display as in FIG. 12 .
  • the user may toggle between the Graphical Display and the Main Menu without leaving Measurement Mode.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 continuously takes ammonia level readings at the time interval specified by the Measurement Interval parameter, according to the behavioral flow shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the graphical display is changed (1001) to show something similar to that presented in FIG. 12 .
  • the pump 110, laser 240, and camera 250 are turned on and initialized as appropriate (1002).
  • image processing algorithms which in one embodiment includes the use of Fourier transforms, the system 10 begins tracking both the phase shift that occurs in the interference pattern detected by the camera (1003)
  • the system 10 can also track the relative humidity (1004).
  • a counter is set (1005) for a duration. In an exemplary aspect, the counter is set for 20 seconds. In other aspects, the duration can vary depending on the environment in which the ammonia monitoring system 10 is utilized.
  • valve 108 can be switched (1006) so that fluid filtered by the ammonia filter 104 (filtered path 102) travels through the flow cell 220 and over the waveguide 230 (i.e., unfiltered fluid from the unfiltered path 106, containing, in an exemplary aspect, the neutral filter, has already been exposed to the waveguide 230 and the sense channel 234, with ammonia being adsorbed).
  • the MC 300 can then acquire phase shift data through images of the interference pattern from the waveguide 230 captured by the camera 250 and utilizing image processing algorithms (steps 1007 and 1008).
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 first takes the derivative (or slope) of the phase data, and then filters the derivative phase shift data to remove high frequency noise components (step 1007). The maximum negative value of this processed data is then found (1008). Since the speed of the chemical adsorption and desorption of the ammonia responsive polymer coating of the sense channel 234 is proportional to the concentration of ammonia in the sample, the derivative approach can be used, preserving filter capacity.
  • the value found in (1008) is then multiplied by a calibration coefficient, which can be adjusted according to the current humidity level (i.e., performed at step 1005) (1009).
  • the value obtained is within a reasonable range and not dramatically different from the last measurement (1010), and if no other errors or failures are detected in the sensor, the value is then logged and passed along for graphical display as well as for communication to the Controller (1012). Errors would cause the sensor to enter System Error Mode (1011). If no errors are found, the system 10 waits until the countdown has reached zero (1013) and, when this has occurred, the valve 108 is switched so that the poultry house fluid is passed unfiltered through the flow cell 220 to the waveguide 230 (1014). The countdown clock is then reset (1015), allowing the waveguide 230, and more specifically the polymer of the sense channel 234 to adsorb ammonia from the poultry house.
  • the clock is reset can be set to 100 seconds. In other embodiments, other time periods can be utilized.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 When the countdown again reaches zero (1016) and the ammonia sensor 20 has not been asked to pause or standby (1017), the ammonia sensor 20 then resets the countdown and switches back to the filtered state (1005 and 1006). Otherwise, the system 10 enters standby mode (1018).
  • the ammonia sensor 20 exits measurement mode when: (a) the user selects "Pause Measurement Mode" from the Main menu; (b) a System Error occurs, or (c) the system is powered down.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 enters Standby Mode when: (a) the system is powered up; (b) the user selects "Pause Measurement” from the Main Menu, or; (c) the system recovers from a System Error and the last state before the error was Standby Mode.
  • the Graphical Display is shown on the user interface 40 during Standby mode, only historical data is presented, with the time intervals during which the system is in standby having no data appearing as gaps in the curve.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 interrupts the measurement, and then enters Standby Mode.
  • the various components of the ammonia monitoring system 10 can be put into the following status: the valve 108 can be set to "Sense" (unfiltered) input, to minimize flow through the ammonia filter 104, the pump 110 can be turned off, and the CSM 200, including the laser 240 and camera 250, can be turned off as well. Further, the communication connector 54 can hold a 'no data' reading.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 enters SYSTEM ERROR mode when it encounters certain error conditions.
  • the System Error Mode is identical to Standby Mode, except that it is initiated by certain System Errors that require measurements to stop in order to prevent possible damage to the ammonia sensor or the reporting of 'junk' data.
  • the Status Indicator shown on the user interface 40 can read "SYSTEM ERROR".
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can exit System Error Mode and return to the last saved mode, either automatically or by user action.
  • the System Log can record time & date for entry into, and exit from, System Error mode.
  • Maintenance mode places the ammonia monitoring system 10 in a safe state and guides the user through maintenance actions to be performed at the end of each flock cycle. Maintenance on the ammonia monitoring system 10 is intended to be carried out at the end of each flock cycle, but can be performed any time the user desires.
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 may incorporate a maintenance countdown, which alerts the user to when the system needs regularly scheduled maintenance. In addition to keeping a 'maintenance countdown', the ammonia monitoring system may keep a separate 'Replacement Countdown', and shall alert the user via a Touchscreen text message when a replacement ammonia sensor is due.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary aspect of system behavior in Maintenance Mode (method 1100).
  • the User enters Maintenance mode by selecting "Perform Maintenance" from the main menu.
  • the ammonia sensor configures the system as if in Standby Mode.
  • a series of Text Messages on the Touchscreen guides the user through the maintenance steps, and the ammonia sensor performs several self-tests to ensure maintenance was carried out properly.
  • the screen messages may include graphics that illustrate the task to be performed.
  • the System Log records the start and end time/date of each maintenance.
  • the maintenance mode is started by selecting the maintenance mode (step 1101).
  • the system 10 sets the valve 108 to sample input (open to unfiltered path 106) (step 1102), turns the pump 110 off (step 1103), and turns the laser 240 and camera off (step 1104).
  • the MC 300 can call upon the system log to record the initiation of the maintenance (step 1105).
  • the ammonia sensor 20, via the user interface 40 can then prompt the user to open the filter door (step 1106).
  • the MC 300 can then wait to receive confirmation that the filter door has been open, via a switch or some other means of sensing the door is open (step 1107).
  • the MC 300 can then prompt the user to replace the ammonia filter 104, and potentially the neutral filter as well, on the user interface 40 (step 1108).
  • the MC 300 can prompt the user to confirm, via the user interface (e.g., select OK tab) when done.
  • the MC 300 can prompt the user to change the dust and feather filter 18 and exhaust filter 19 of the intake hose 16 and exhaust hose 17 (step 1110).
  • the MC 300 can prompt the user to confirm the change by providing notification (e.g., OK tab).
  • sensors employed at these filters 18, 19 can be utilized, reporting back to the MC 300.
  • the MC 300 can notify the user via the interface 40 that a system self check will be performed (step 1112). The MC 300 can then perform a self check by using a sample measurement for each measurement mode (step 1113).
  • the MC 300 can call upon the pump to see if the current is normal (step 1114). If the reading is not normal, a fluid circulation exception is generated (step 1115), and a maintenance error, along with the time, data, and error info is recorded to the system log (step 1118). If the pump circulation is normal, then the MC 300 checks to see if the reading is physically possible, perhaps by comparing it to recent readings(e.g., checking the sanity as shown in FIG. 14 ) (step 1116). If the reading is not, a bad reading exception is generated (step 1117), and the maintenance error is recorded as well (step 1118).
  • the MC 300 If the reading is acceptable, the MC 300 notifies the user, stating that maintenance is complete, and provides a means of confirmation to the user (e.g., the OK tab) (step 1119). If the circulation or reading is not acceptable, the ammonia monitoring system 10 enters into system error mode (step 1120). Upon receiving the input of OK from the user (step 1121), the MC 300 will write that the maintenance has been completed in the system log, along with the time and date (step 1122). In an aspect, the concentration of ammonia will also be recorded as well. The MC 300 can then reset the next maintenance countdown (step 1123), including resetting the Next Maintenance display value (step 1124), and enter into standby mode (step 1125).
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 can also have a calibration and diagnostic mode.
  • the Calibration and Diagnostic mode facilitates calibrating the unit and performing certain diagnostics.
  • the user can initiate the Calibration and Diagnostic mode by connecting a computer to an auxiliary data port 58 and running a calibration & diagnostic application from a computer.
  • the application calibrates the chemical sensor by exposing the ammonia sensor to a test fixture containing known levels of ammonia mixed with air, as verified by a reliable, high-precision reference sensor.
  • the calibration & diagnostic application may be configured to guide the operator through the calibration steps, and generate appropriate calibration coefficients, based on formulas and/or lookup tables.
  • the calibration coefficients are stored locally on the ammonia sensor. In other aspects, the coefficients can also be stored in a global database.
  • the calibration & diagnostic application will also load identifying data into the local memory of the ammonia sensor 20 (discussed below), as well as the global database. Identifying data includes device hardware revision, firmware revision, serial number, date of manufacture, CSM 200 and waveguide 230 identifiers, with space reserved for user-defined data. Other identifying data may be included as well.
  • the calibration & diagnostic application can also have the ability to retrieve, store, and display real-time diagnostic data from the ammonia sensor 20, to assist in troubleshooting and understanding behavior of the ammonia monitoring system 10.
  • Parameters may include, but are not limited to, pump current draw, total current draw, CSM current draw, CRC scan results, measurement history, system log, raw image data, and manual control of various subsystems.
  • a user can set options of the ammonia monitoring system 10, and the ammonia sensor 20.
  • the user can set the options by selecting "Set Options" from the Main Menu to open a new menu with a number of options available to the user. These are specified in Table 3 below.
  • the 'min' and 'max' refer to the highest and lowest levels of various components (e.g., ammonia coefficient, filter capacity, time, etc.) the user is allowed to select.
  • the system 10 can be configured to have at least 5ppm between "Caution” min and max, to prevent the user from setting thresholds that transition the system directly from “Normal” to “Warning", with no "Caution” zone in between.
  • Table 3 shows number of options available to the user in the preferred embodiment of this invention, other embodiments may vary in the number and variability of the options.
  • Table 3 User Options Option Unit min max Default "Caution” Threshold (yellow) ppm 15 W-5 35 "Warning" Threshold (red) ppm Cmax+5 100 50 Set Clock -- -- -- US EST Measurement Interval min 2 720 2 System Information -- -- -- -- View System Log -- -- -- -- -- Filter Capacity "Green” % 25 Filter Capacity "Yellow” % 10 Filter Capacity "Red” % 5 Filter Capacity Shutoff % 5 ⁇ 5
  • the ammonia monitoring system 10 may be configured to communicate data from the ammonia sensor 20 to other devices.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 can be configured to automatically transfer such information to a device through the auxiliary data port 58.
  • a program may guide the user through the process.
  • the user can connect a device, including, but not limited to, a memory stick, to the auxiliary data port 58 and wait for a "data download complete" message on the user interface 40 before removing the device. Connection and data download can take place in any ammonia sensor mode, without interrupting the ammonia sensor measurements or other functions.
  • the device e.g., a memory stick configured for connection with another computer or a computer itself
  • the program guide can include the program guide and be further configured to provide an interface to prompt the user to utilize the acquired data.
  • a simple interface will allow the user to: view date ranges available for download; select a date range and download the data as a comma separated text file, for import to a program such as Microsoft Excel or other spreadsheet applications; display the data graphically for a selected date range; and/or download a copy of the System Log as a text file.
  • the device can be configured to communicate over a network, including, but not limited to, the internet. In such an aspect, the device, with user's permission, can connect to a designated website and check for available firmware upgrades.
  • the device can download the information for later uploading to the ammonia sensor 20. If the ammonia sensor 20 is in measurement mode, the device can call upon the ammonia sensor to complete the present measurement and place the system 10 in Standby mode during upgrade, then automatically return the system to Measurement mode.
  • the MC 300 of the ammonia sensor 20 can maintain a system log for historical and diagnostic purposes according to an aspect.
  • the system log shall be available for download as a text file, and can be viewable from the options screen.
  • the system log can contain time-stamped records of all significant system events.
  • the timestamp shall be independent of the user's clock setting. Examples of 'significant system events' are: Maintenance start / stop times; System Errors; Start / Stop Measurement Mode; User Data Downloads; Options Changes by User; and Power-ups.
  • the MC 300 of the ammonia sensor 20 is configured to handle exceptions and off-normal events during its operation. These events will not cause ammonia monitoring system 10 instability, hardware damage, or an unsafe situation. Exceptions are normally handled by error messaging prompting the user to take action.
  • the ammonia sensor 20 is typically mounted in a poultry house control room 12b, adjacent to a house controller 30, which regulates ventilation, light, heating, curtains, water sprinklers, food dispensers, and other systems in the poultry holding area 12a, generally based on readings of temperature, humidity, and bird weight that the house controller 30 takes with its own sensor systems.
  • controllers on the market e.g., controllers supplied by ChoreTime Brock
  • the communication connector 54 of the ammonia sensor 20 can be configured to conform to interface specifications defined by one or more of the controller vendors.
  • Embodiments of the ammonia sensor 20 may be designed for compatibility with the controller output interface, so that commands from the controller could potentially be received and managed.
  • the following design "hooks" may be built into the hardware (i.e., MC 300) of the ammonia sensor 20: one or more Analog-to-Digital Converter ports going into the microprocessor; one or more dedicated SPI bidirectional interfaces; one or more dedicated I2C bidirectional interfaces; Room for signal conditioning / amplifier circuitry; and microprocessor and memory overhead to manage the above items.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary operating environment for performing the disclosed methods above by the ammonia sensor 20, and more specifically the MC 300 of the ammonia sensor 20.
  • This exemplary operating environment is only an example of an operating environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of operating environment architecture. Neither should the operating environment be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment.
  • the present methods and systems can be operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations.
  • Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that can be suitable for use with the systems and methods comprise, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, laptop devices, and multiprocessor systems. Additional examples comprise set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that comprise any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
  • the processing of the disclosed methods and systems can be performed by software components.
  • the disclosed systems and methods can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by one or more computers or other devices.
  • program modules comprise computer code, routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
  • the disclosed methods can also be practiced in grid-based and distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network.
  • program modules can be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
  • the MC 1401 can be thought of as a general-purpose computing device like a computer board 1401 but contained within the ammonia sensor 20).
  • the components of the MC 1401 can comprise, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units 1403, a system memory 1412, and a system bus 1413 that couples various system components including the processor 1403 to the system memory 1412. In the case of multiple processing units 1403, the system can utilize parallel computing.
  • the system bus 1413 represents one or more of several possible types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.
  • bus architectures can comprise an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI), a PCI-Express bus, a Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association (PCMCIA), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and the like.
  • ISA Industry Standard Architecture
  • MCA Micro Channel Architecture
  • EISA Enhanced ISA
  • VESA Video Electronics Standards Association
  • AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
  • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnects
  • PCI-Express PCI-Express
  • PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card Industry Association
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the bus 1413, and all buses specified in this description can also be implemented over a wired or wireless network connection and each of the subsystems, including the processor 1403, a mass storage device 1404, an operating system 1405, detection application 1406, detection data 1407 (including the ammonia concentration amounts, thresholds, etc.), a network adapter 1408, system memory 1412, an Input/Output Interface 1410, a display adapter 1409, a display device 1411, and a human machine interface 1402.
  • the MC 1401 can comprise computer readable media.
  • Exemplary readable media can be any available media that is accessible by the MC 1401 and comprises, for example and not meant to be limiting, both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.
  • the system memory 1412 comprises computer readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM).
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • the system memory 1412 typically contains data such as detection data 1407 and/or program modules such as operating system 1405 and detection application 1406 that are immediately accessible to and/or are presently operated on by the processing unit 1403.
  • the MC 1401 can also comprise other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a mass storage device 1404 which can provide non-volatile storage of computer code, computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for the MC 1401.
  • a mass storage device 1404 can be a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk, a removable optical disk, magnetic cassettes or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory cards, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, random access memories (RAM), read only memories (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and the like.
  • any number of program modules can be stored on the mass storage device 1404, including by way of example, an operating system 1405 and detection application 1406.
  • Each of the operating system 1405 and the detection application 1406 (or some combination thereof) can comprise elements of the programming and the detection application 1406.
  • Detection data 1407 can also be stored on the mass storage device 1404.
  • Detection data 1407 can be stored in any of one or more databases known in the art. Examples of such databases comprise, DB2®, Microsoft® Access, Microsoft® SQL Server, Oracle®, mySQL, PostgreSQL, and the like. The databases can be centralized or distributed across multiple systems.
  • the user can enter commands and information into the ammonia sensor via the MC 1401 through the human machine interface 1402.
  • the human machine interface can take the form of the interface 40 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • other input devices including, but not limited to, a keyboard, mouse, and the like, can be used.
  • These and other input devices can be connected to the processing unit 1403 via a human machine interface 1402 that is coupled to the system bus 1413, but can be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port, an IEEE 1394 Port (also known as a Firewire port), a serial port, or a universal serial bus (USB).
  • a parallel port such as a parallel port, game port, an IEEE 1394 Port (also known as a Firewire port), a serial port, or a universal serial bus (USB).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • a display device 1411 can also be connected to the system bus 1413 via an interface, such as a display adapter 1409.
  • the display device 1411 can be the interface 40 as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • other output peripheral devices can comprise components can be connected to the MC 1401 via Input/Output Interface 1410 (e.g, the external connectors 50 of FIG. 2 ). Any step and/or result of the methods can be output in any form to an output device.
  • Such output can be any form of visual representation, including, but not limited to, textual, graphical, animation, audio, tactile, and the like.
  • the MC 1401 can operate and control a fluid control system (FCS) 1501 and a chemical sensor module (CSM) 1601.
  • FCS fluid control system
  • CSM chemical sensor module
  • the MC 1401 can be connected to the FCS 1501 and CSM 1601 through various input/output interfaces 1410.
  • application programs and other executable program components such as the operating system 1405 are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the MC 1401, and are executed by the data processor(s) of the MC 1401.
  • An implementation of the detection application 1406 can be stored on or transmitted across some form of computer readable media. Any of the disclosed methods can be performed by computer readable instructions embodied on computer readable media.
  • the methods and systems can employ Artificial Intelligence techniques such as machine learning and iterative learning. Examples of such techniques include, but are not limited to, expert systems, case based reasoning, Bayesian networks, behavior based AI, neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation (e.g. genetic algorithms), swarm intelligence (e.g. ant algorithms), and hybrid intelligent systems (e.g. Expert inference rules generated through a neural network or production rules from statistical learning).

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Claims (16)

  1. Un système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10), comprenant:
    a. un module de capteur chimique (200) comprenant;
    un interféromètre optique configuré pour suivre la quantité d'ammoniac dans un fluide, dans lequel l'interféromètre comprend en outre:
    un guide d'ondes (230) comprenant:
    au moins un canal de détection (234); et
    au moins un canal de référence (236), dans lequel chaque canal comprend un réseau d'entrée (232) et un réseau de sortie (238),
    dans lequel le au moins un canal de détection (234) est recouvert d'un polymère adsorbant l'ammoniac, dont l'indice de réfraction change proportionnellement à l'adsorption d'ammoniac,
    et dans lequel le au moins un canal de référence (236) est recouvert d'un polymère non adsorbant l'ammoniac; et
    une caméra (250),
    dans lequel l'interféromètre est configuré pour détecter la quantité d'ammoniac au moyen de détecter le déphasage du motif d'interférence causé par ledit modification de l'indice de réfraction, généré par un laser (240) traversant la lumière à travers le au moins un canal de détection (234), le au moins un canal de référence (236), et ses réseaux respectifs (232, 238), dans lequel le motif d'interférence est capturé par la caméra (250);
    b. un système de contrôle de fluide (100) pour fournir un écoulement représentatif du fluide pour l'interféromètre au guide d'ondes (230); et
    c. un système de contrôle pour éliminer sélectivement l'ammoniac du fluide en réponse à la détection d'une quantité seuil d'ammoniac par l'interféromètre.
  2. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un contrôleur de surveillance (300), dans lequel le contrôleur de surveillance (300) est configurée pour déterminer une concentration en ammoniac de l'écoulement représentatif du fluide à partir du motif d'interférence capturé.
  3. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le contrôleur de surveillance (300) comprend un processeur (1403) et une mémoire système (1412), dans lequel le processeur (1403) est configuré pour déterminer la concentration en ammoniac de l'écoulement représentatif du fluide en déterminant un déphasage du motif d'interférence capturé.
  4. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le processeur (1403) est configuré pour déterminer le déphasage du motif d'interférence capturé en déterminant une zone de mesure appropriée du motif d'interférence capturé, déterminant une période du motif d'interférence dans la zone de mesure appropriée, déterminant le déphasage survenue de la période du motif d'interférence, et corréler les données du déphasage avec les données d'étalonnage pour obtenir la concentration en ammoniac.
  5. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le polymère absorbant l'ammoniac recouvert le au moins un canal de détection (234) comprend du polyvinylphénol.
  6. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le module de capteur chimique (200) et le système de contrôle de fluide (100) sont configurés pour exposer le guide d'ondes (230) à l'écoulement représentatif du fluide, dans lequel l'écoulement représentatif du fluide comprend un fluide filtré de l'ammoniac et un fluide non filtré.
  7. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le module de capteur chimique (200) est configuré pour s'auto-calibrer.
  8. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le système de contrôle de fluide (100) est en outre configuré pour réguler la température de l'écoulement représentatif du fluide.
  9. Le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) selon la revendication 2,
    dans lequel l'interféromètre optique comprend le laser (240);
    dans lequel le guide d'ondes (230) est orienté dans une cellule d'écoulement (220);
    dans lequel le système de contrôle de fluide (100) comprend:
    i. au moins un tuyau d'admission (16) configuré pour admettre l'écoulement représentatif du fluide;
    ii. une pompe (110) configurée pour pomper l'écoulement représentatif du fluide;
    iii. un voie filtré (102) en communication avec le au moins un tuyau d'admission (16);
    iv. un voie non filtré (106) en communication avec le au moins un tuyau d'admission (16); et
    iv. une soupape (108) configurée pour commuter l'écoulement représentatif du fluide du voie filtré (102) et du voie non filtré (106) pour fournir un fluide représentatif filtré de l'ammoniac et un fluide représentatif non filtré de l'ammoniac au module de capteur chimique (200) via la cellule d'écoulement (220); et
    dans lequel le contrôleur de surveillance (300) est configurée pour commander le système de contrôle de fluide (100) et le module de capteur chimique (200) afin de déterminer une concentration d'ammoniac dans l'écoulement représentatif du fluide, le contrôleur de surveillance (300) comprenant:
    i. un processeur (1403); et
    ii. une mémoire système (1412), dans lequel le processeur (1403) détermine la concentration d'ammoniac dans le fluide représentatif en:
    A. déterminer une zone de mesure appropriée des images provenant de la caméra (250);
    B. déterminer une période du motif d'interférence dans la zone de mesure;
    C. déterminer un déphasage survenu de la période du motif d'interférence;
    D. corréler de données du déphasage avec de données d'étalonnage pour obtenir un relevé de concentration d'ammoniac; et
    E. traiter le relevé de concentration d'ammoniac pour éliminer de bruit et d'autres données potentiellement défectueuses pour déterminer le relevé de concentration d'ammoniac, dans lequel le système automatisé de surveillance d'ammoniac (10) est configuré en outre pour communiquer avec le système de contrôle pour éliminer sélectivement l'ammoniac du fluide en réponse à la détection de l'ammoniac après notification par le contrôleur de surveillance (300) que le relevé de la concentration d'ammoniac est supérieure au seuil d'ammoniac.
  10. Un procédé centré sur l'interférométrie pour déterminer une concentration d'ammoniac dans un fluide, le procédé comprenant:
    a. exposer un guide d'ondes (230) contenu dans une cellule d'écoulement (220) au fluide, dans lequel le guide d'ondes (230) comprend deux canaux, chaque canal comprenant un réseau d'entrée (232) et un réseau de sortie (238), le premier canal étant un canal de détection (234) recouvert d'un polymère adsorbant l'ammoniac, dont l'indice de réfraction change proportionnellement à l'absorption d'ammoniac, et le deuxième canal étant un canal de référence (236) recouvert d'un polymère non adsorbant l'ammoniac;
    b. traverser la lumière à travers le canal de détection (234) et le canal de référence (236), via les réseaux d'entrée et de sortie (232, 238), comme le guide d'ondes (230) est exposé au fluide comme le fluide traverse la cellule d'écoulement (220) pour créer un motif d'interférence, dans lequel, par l'absorption de et par la réaction chimique à l'exposition à l'ammoniac dans le fluide, il se produit une variation d'indice du polymère adsorbant l'ammoniac, provoquer un déphasage se produisant dans le motif d'interférence;
    c. capturer un motif d'interférence par une caméra (250); et
    d. déterminer la concentration d'ammoniac provenant du déphasage dans le motif d'interférence.
  11. Le procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la détermination de la concentration d'ammoniac provenant du motif d'interférence comprend en outre:
    i. déterminer (610) une zone de mesure appropriée d'une image du motif d'interférence;
    ii. déterminer (620) une période de motif d'interférence dans la zone de mesure appropriée;
    iii. déterminer (630) un déphasage survenu de la période de motif d'interférence; et
    iv. corréler (640) les données du déphasage avec les données de calibrage pour obtenir la concentration d'ammoniac.
  12. Le procédé selon la revendication 11, comprenant en outre l'étape de traitement (650) de la concentration d'ammoniac pour éliminer de bruit et des données défectueuses après la corrélation des données provenant du déphasage avec les données de calibrage.
  13. Le procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la détermination de la période de motif d'interférence dans la zone de mesure appropriée comprend en outre l'utilisation d'algorithmes de traitement d'image pour déterminer la période de motif d'interférence.
  14. Le procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'utilisation d'algorithmes de traitement d'image pour déterminer la période de motif d'interférence comprend en outre l'utilisation d'un algorithme de transformation de Fourier spatiale pour générer une fréquence spatiale dominante du motif d'interférence.
  15. Le procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel la détermination des données provenant du déphasage de la période de motif d'interférence comprend l'utilisation d'une démodulation de phase avec la fréquence spatiale dominante pour déterminer les données provenant du déphasage.
  16. Le procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'exposition du guide d'ondes (230) au fluide comprend en outre l'exposition du guide d'ondes (230) à un fluide filtré à l'ammoniac après que le guide d'ondes (230) a été exposé à un fluide non filtré.
EP14737844.2A 2013-01-11 2014-01-11 Système et procédé pour détecter de l'ammoniac dans un fluide Not-in-force EP2941636B1 (fr)

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EP2941636A1 (fr) 2015-11-11
US20140311350A1 (en) 2014-10-23

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