EP2940244B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen aus einem Formationsflüssigkeits- oder Gastransportmittel - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen aus einem Formationsflüssigkeits- oder Gastransportmittel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2940244B1
EP2940244B1 EP14166247.8A EP14166247A EP2940244B1 EP 2940244 B1 EP2940244 B1 EP 2940244B1 EP 14166247 A EP14166247 A EP 14166247A EP 2940244 B1 EP2940244 B1 EP 2940244B1
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Prior art keywords
shock wave
component
generation device
membrane
wave generation
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2940244A1 (de
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Todd Parker
Shawn Carroll
Dan Skibinski
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Blue Spark Energy Inc
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Blue Spark Energy Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • E21B37/08—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells cleaning in situ of down-hole filters, screens, e.g. casing perforations, or gravel packs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates to the cleaning of a fluid transportation means and, more particularly, to a method and device for removing deposits from a fluid or gas transportation means in order to improve the transportation and/or the recovery of formation fluids and/or gases.
  • a preferred application of the invention concerns removing mineral deposits from components of a completion string arranged in a borehole of a subterranean formation.
  • Another preferred application of the invention concerns removing mineral deposits from a surface oil or gas piping.
  • a borehole is drilled into the earth through the oil or gas producing subterranean formation or, for some purposes, through a water bearing formation or a formation into which water or gas is to be injected. Once produced from the borehole, oil and gas can be transported using pipelines.
  • Completion of a well may be carried out in a number of ways dependent upon the nature of the formation of interest. Where the formation itself or formations above the formation of interest have a tendency to disintegrate and/or cave into the hole, a cylindrical metallic casing is normally set in the well through the formation of interest and the cylindrical metallic casing is then perforated adjacent the formation of interest.
  • completion strings are arranged in the borehole.
  • a completion string generally comes as a production tubing which comprises a plurality if different components such as, e.g. safety valves, sliding side doors, side pocket mandrels etc...
  • a pipeline comes as a production tubing which may comprise a plurality of different components such as e.g. metallic tubes, pipeline valves etc...
  • Such deposits can adhere to various components in a borehole wellbore or a pipeline, restricting their use seriously and/or reducing or completely preventing the flow of fluids or gases through the completion string or the pipeline.
  • deposits may prevent opening or closing safety valves or sliding side doors, etc
  • Such deposits are difficult to dissolve by known chemical means or to dislodge by known mechanical means.
  • chemical treatments such as, treatments with acids, surface active agents and the like have been utilized in order to clean out scaled components.
  • such techniques while less expensive than a complete workover, are substantially less effective, since they are incapable, in most cases, of dissolving significant amounts of the plugging materials.
  • Another technique which can be classified as a mechanical technique and has also been suggested for the purpose of cleaning components, includes using brushes, scrapers or pigs.
  • brushes, scrapers or pigs Such equipment allows only removing most of the encrusted deposits in areas of the components which are easily accessible.
  • brushes, scrapers or pigs are quite inefficient removing encrusted deposits in areas of the components accessible with difficulty or inaccessible.
  • the present invention concerns a method for removing deposits, in particular mineral deposits, from a component of a formation fluid or gas transportation means, such as e.g. a component of a completion string arranged in a borehole of a subterranean formation or a component of a transportation pipeline, said formation fluid or gas containing hydrocarbons, said method comprising the steps of :
  • the at least one propagated shock wave allows efficiently and rapidly removing deposits from the component.
  • the at least one propagated shock wave may reach areas of the component which are accessible with difficulty or inaccessible to mechanical means such as brushes, scrapers or pigs.
  • the shock wave transmitting liquid is at least partially delimited by a membrane into said transportation means and the at least one shock wave is propagated through said membrane toward the component for removing deposits from said component.
  • a membrane improves the effectiveness of the propagation from the liquid to the component.
  • a series of at least ten shock waves is generated. This allows efficiently removing deposits from the component.
  • a plurality of series of shock waves is generated, each series of shock waves being generated at different locations of the transportation means, for example different heights of a completion string.
  • the different locations are regularly spaced.
  • Using a plurality of series of shock waves allows advantageously removing most of the deposits from a component, between 80-95% and preferably more than 95% of the deposits.
  • the invention also concerns a shock wave generation device for removing deposits, in particular mineral deposits, from a component of a formation fluid or gas transportation means, such as e.g. a component of a completion string arranged in a borehole of a subterranean formation or a component of a transportation pipeline, said formation fluid or gas containing hydrocarbons, said device comprising:
  • the at least one propagated shock wave allows efficiently and rapidly removing deposits from the component.
  • the at least one propagated shock wave may reach areas of the component which are accessible with difficulty or inaccessible to mechanical means such as brushes, scrapers or pigs.
  • the chamber is at least partially delimited by a membrane and the electrical discharge unit is configured for generating at least one electrical discharge that propagates at least one shock wave into said shock wave transmitting liquid through said membrane nearby said component for removing deposits from said component.
  • the membrane improves the effectiveness of the propagation from the liquid to the component. Moreover, such a membrane isolates the liquid in the chamber from elements of the transportation means surrounding the shock wave generating device, such as e.g. mud or other fluids, while maintaining acoustic coupling with the component. Such a flexible membrane prevents thus the deposits and other elements from damaging electrodes and other components (insulators) of the electrical discharge unit.
  • the membrane is deformable and/or flexible and/or elastic in order to conduct efficiently the shock wave toward the component.
  • the membrane is made of fluorinated rubber or other fluoroelastomer.
  • the relative elongation of the membrane is at least 150 %, preferably at least 200% in order to be used efficiently in oils, fuels, liquid reservoirs, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons etc...
  • the membrane is operable between -35°C and 250°C in order to be used in oils, fuels, liquid reservoirs, aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons etc...
  • the electrical discharge unit comprises a power conversion unit, a power storage unit, a discharge control unit and a discharge system.
  • the discharge system comprises a first electrode and a second electrode for generating a high voltage arc in the shock wave transmitting liquid.
  • shock wave fracturing does not require pressure greater than the fracture gradient pressure advantageously reducing cost, complexity and time of operation.
  • the at least one shock wave propagates radially.
  • the at least one shock wave propagates in a predetermined direction.
  • the invention also concerns a system for removing deposits, in particular mineral deposits, from a component of a formation fluid or gas transportation means, such as e.g. a component of a completion string arranged in a borehole of a subterranean formation or a component of a transportation pipeline, said formation fluid or gas containing hydrocarbons, said system comprising:
  • the invention also concerns a well for recovering formation fluids or gases from a subterranean formation, said well comprising a system as previously described and a completion string comprising at least one component such as, e.g. a safety valve, a side pocket mandrel, a sliding side sleeves, etc...
  • the invention also concerns a transportation pipeline for transporting formation fluids or gases, such as e.g. a surface pipeline, said pipeline comprising a system as previously described and at least one component such as, e.g. a tubing portion, a pipeline valve, etc...
  • Spatial terms describe the relative position of an object or a group of objects relative to another object or group of objects.
  • the spatial relationships apply along vertical and horizontal axes.
  • Orientation and relational words including “uphole” and “downhole”; “above” and “below”; “up” and “down” and other like terms are for descriptive convenience and are not limiting unless otherwise indicated.
  • the invention is described hereunder in reference to a well for producing formation fluids or gases such as e.g. oil. This does not limit the scope of the present invention which may be used for removing deposits from any tubing or piping such as e.g. a surface pipeline.
  • an exemplary well 1 for recovering hydrocarbons comprises a borehole 10 which is drilled through the earth 12 from a drilling rig 14 located at the surface 16.
  • the borehole 10 is drilled down to a hydrocarbon-bearing subterranean formation 18 and perforations 20 extend outwardly into the formation 18.
  • An exemplary completion string 22 extends within the borehole 10 from the surface 16.
  • An annulus 24 is defined between the completion string 22 and a wall of the surrounding borehole 10.
  • the completion string 22 may be made up of sections of interconnected production tubing components such as e.g. tubes, sliding side doors, side pocket mandrels, flow couplings, landing nipples, wireline entry guide, locator seal assemblies etc... known from the person skilled in the art.
  • a production flowbore 26 passes along a length of the production tubing string 22 for the transport of production fluids from the formation 18 to the surface 16.
  • a ported section 28 is incorporated into the completion string 22 and is used to flow production fluids from the surrounding annulus 24 to the flowbore 26.
  • Packers 30, 32 secure the completion string 22 within the borehole 10.
  • the completion string 22 comprises a surface-controlled subsurface safety valve (“SCSSV") 34.
  • SCSSV surface-controlled subsurface safety valve
  • the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 is used to close off fluid flow through the flowbore 26 and may include a flapper valve 35, as will be described with respect to FIG. 2 .
  • the general construction and operation of flapper valves is well known in the art. Flapper valve assemblies are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,270,191 by Drummond et al. entitled “Flapper Opening Mechanism” and U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,313 by Williams et al. entitled “Equalizing Flapper for High Slam Rate Applications".
  • the invention is describes in its application to removing deposits from a surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34, in particular mineral deposits. This does not limit the scope of the present invention as the device and method according to the invention may be used for removing deposits from any other components of a completion string 22 such as the ones previously mentioned or more generally of any tubing or piping such as e.g. a surface pipeline.
  • the well 1 comprise a system 5 for removing deposits from a component of the completion string 22.
  • the system 5 comprises a shock wave generation device 36, a wireline 37 coupled to said shock wave generation device 36 for raising and lowering said shock wave generation device 36 in the completion string 22 nearby the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34, a voltage source 38 located external of the borehole 10 and an electrical circuit within said wireline 37 for connecting said voltage source 38 to the shock wave generation device 36.
  • FIG. 2 an exemplary embodiment of a tubular surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 of a completion string 22 is shown.
  • a significant amount of deposits 39 is encrusted in different areas of the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 prior to applying the method according to the invention.
  • a shock wave generation device 36 according to the invention is located inside said tubular surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • the shock wave generation device 36 is a source of electrohydraulic energy, which comprises a membrane 40 and an electrical discharge unit 42.
  • the membrane 40 delimits a chamber 44 which is filled with a shock wave transmitting liquid 46.
  • Such a membrane 40 isolates the liquid 46 in the chamber 44 from the completion string 22 while maintaining acoustic coupling with said completion string 22, improving the propagation of shockwaves while preventing external fluids from damaging the electrical discharge unit 42.
  • the membrane 40 is flexible in order to an efficient propagation of shock waves in many directions and prevent shock waves to bounce on it, allowing therefore an efficient conduction of the shock wave toward the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34, in particular toward the areas of the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 which are accessible with difficulty or inaccessible.
  • the membrane 40 may be made of fluorine rubber or fluoroelastomer with a relative elongation of at least 150 %, preferably at least 200% and being operable between -35°C and 250°C.
  • the electrical discharge unit 42 is configured for generating a series of electrical discharges that propagate a series of shock waves into the shock wave transmitting liquid 46 and through the membrane 40 toward the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 for removing of deposits 39 from said surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • the electrical discharge generating unit 42 may be configured to propagate shock waves radially or in a predetermined direction.
  • the electrical discharge generating unit 42 comprises a power conversion unit 48, a power storage unit 50, a discharge control unit 52 and a discharge system 54.
  • the discharge system 54 comprises a first electrode 56 and a second electrode 58 configured for triggering an electrical discharge.
  • the discharge system 54 comprises a plurality of capacitors (not represented) for storage of electrical energy configured for generating one or a plurality of electrical discharges into the shock wave transmitting liquid 46.
  • the chamber 44 is delimited by the membrane 40 around the discharge system 54 which is filled with the shock wave transmitting liquid 46, allowing transmitting shock waves through the membrane 40 toward the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • the power conversion unit 48 comprises suitable circuitry for charging of the capacitors in the power storage unit 50. Timing of the discharge of the energy in the power from the power storage unit 50 through the discharge system 54 is accomplished using the discharge control unit 52.
  • the discharge control unit 52 is a switch, which discharges when the voltage reaches a predefined threshold. Upon discharge of the capacitors in the power storage section through the first electrodes 56 and the second electrode 58 of the discharge control unit 52, electrohydraulic shock waves 60 (in reference to FIG. 2 ) are transmitted to the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 for removing deposits 39.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the method for removing deposits 39 from a surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 of a completion string 22 arranged in a borehole 10 of a subterranean formation 1 according to the invention.
  • the tubular surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 Prior to operate the method according to the invention, is at least partially blocked with deposits 39 (in reference to FIG. 2 ).
  • a series of shock waves is generated into the shock wave transmitting liquid 46 nearby the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • the series of shock waves is propagated through the membrane 25 toward the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 for removing deposits 39 from said surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • the series of shock waves comprises at least ten shock waves, for example propagated at a periodic interval of time, e.g. every 5 to 20 seconds.
  • a plurality of series may be advantageously repeated at different heights in the completion string 22 to remove deposits 39 from the different parts of the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34, in particular around the flapper valve 35 in areas which would be accessible with difficulty or inaccessible to a brush.
  • FIG. 5 shows the variation of pressure with time nearby the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • the pressure generated by the shock wave increases in a very short time dT, e.g. a few microseconds, until a maximum P1.
  • dT very short time
  • P1 maximum pressure
  • Such a peak phase characterizes a compression of the deposits 39.
  • the pressure generated by the shock wave decreases to a negative value P2 for a significant amount of time, e.g. a few milliseconds.
  • This second phase characterizes a traction effort applied on the deposits, which allows breaking deposits 39 in areas of the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34, in particular in areas which are accessible with difficulty or inaccessible to mechanical means, e.g. around the flapper valve 35.
  • Such an traction effort is improved by the quality of propagation of the shock wave trough the shock wave transmitting liquid 46 and the membrane 40, allowing removing deposits 39 very efficiently.
  • Embodiments include many additional standard components or equipment that enables and makes operable the described device, process, method and system.
  • control and performance of portions of or entire steps of a process or method can occur through human interaction, pre-programmed computer control and response systems, or combinations thereof.
  • This method shows good results as at least 95 % of the deposits are removed from the surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a comparison between a 90-day pre-stimulation production period and a 90-day post-stimulation production period, the stimulation having been completed using a shock wave generator according to the invention onto a surface-controlled subsurface safety valve 34 of a completion string 22 arranged in a well borehole 10 for oil production. After 90 days, the oil rate increases by a factor of 2.5 (two point five).
  • the invention is not limited to the described embodiment and can be applied to all type of formation fluids or gases transportation means.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen (39) von einem Bauteil (34) eines Abschlussstrangs (22) oder eines Bauteils einer Transport-Rohrleitung, wobei das genannte Verfahren die Schritte umfasst:
    - Erzeugen (S1) einer Serie von wenigstens zehn Schockwellen (60) in eine Schockwellen übertragende Flüssigkeit (46) hinein, die wenigstens teilweise durch eine verformbare Membran (40) in den genannten Abschlussstrang (22) oder eine Transport-Rohrleitung in der Nähe des genannten Bauteils (34) hinein, wobei die relative Streckdehnung der Membran (40) wenigstens 150 % beträgt und
    - Übertragen (S2) der genannten Serien von wenigstens zehn Schockwellen (60) durch die genannte Membran (40) zu dem Bauteil (34) zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen (39) von dem genannten Bauteil (34).
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei eine Vielzahl von Serien von Schockwellen (60) erzeugt ist, wobei jede Serie von Schockwellen (60) an unterschiedlichen Stellen des Transportmittels (22) erzeugt ist.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei die unterschiedlichen Stellen regelmäßig voneinander beabstandet sind.
  4. Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen (39) von einem Bauteil (34) eines Abschlussstrangs (22) oder einer Transport-Rohrleitung, wobei die genannte Vorrichtung (36) umfasst:
    - eine verformbare Membran (40), die wenigstens teilweise eine Kammer (44) begrenzt, die wenigstens teilweise mit einer Schockwellen übertragenden Flüssigkeit (46) gefüllt ist und die geeignet ist, in den genannten Abschlussstrang (22) oder das genannte Transportmittel (22) in der Nähe des genannten Bauteils (34) hinein angeordnet zu sein, wobei die relative Streckdehnung der Membran (40) wenigstens 150 % beträgt, und
    - eine elektrische Entladungseinheit (42), umfassend eine Stromrichtereinheit (48), eine Stromspeichereinheit (50), eine Entladungssteuereinheit (52) und ein Entladungssystem (54) zum Erzeugen einer Serie von wenigstens zehn elektrischen Entladungen, die eine Serie von wenigstens zehn Schockwellen (60) in die genannte Schockwellen übertragende Flüssigkeit (46) hinein und durch die genannte Membran (40) in der Nähe des genannten Bauteils (34) zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen (39) von dem genannten Bauteil (34) hinein übertragen.
  5. Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei die Membran (40) aus fluoriertem Gummi oder sonstigem Fluorelastomer hergestellt ist.
  6. Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, wobei die relative Streckdehnung der Membran (40) wenigstens 200 % beträgt.
  7. Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (35) gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei das Entladungssystem (54) eine erste Elektrode (56) und eine zweite Elektrode (58) zum Erzeugen eines Hochspannungsbogens in der Schockwellen übertragenden Flüssigkeit (46) umfasst.
  8. Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, wobei die wenigstens eine Schockwelle (60) sich radial überträgt.
  9. Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, wobei die wenigstens eine Schockwelle (60) sich in einer vorbestimmten Richtung überträgt.
  10. System (5) zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen (39) von einem Bauteil (34) einer Formationsflüssigkeit oder Gastransportmitteln (22), wobei das genannte System (5) umfasst:
    - eine Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 4 bis 9;
    - eine Drahtleitung (37), die an die genannte, Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36) zum Einfügen der genannten Schockwellen erzeugenden Vorrichtung (36) in das Transportmittel (22) in der Nähe des genannten Bauteils (34) gekoppelt ist;
    - eine Spannungsquelle (38), die extern zu dem Transportmittel (22) angeordnet ist; und
    - eine elektrische Schaltung innerhalb der genannten Drahtleitung (37) zum Anschließen der genannten Spannungsquelle (38) an die Schockwellen erzeugende Vorrichtung (36).
  11. Schacht (1) zum Auffangen von Formationsflüssigkeiten oder -gasen von einer unterirdischen Formation (18), wobei der genannte Schacht (1) ein System (5) gemäß Anspruch 10 und einen Abschlussstrang (22) umfasst; umfassend wenigstens ein Bauteil (34), wie z. B. ein Sicherheitsventil, einen seitlichen Taschen-Spanndorn oder gleitende Seitenschläuche.
  12. Transport-Rohrleitung zum Transportieren von Formationsflüssigkeiten oder -gasen, wobei die genannte Rohrleitung ein System gemäß Anspruch 10 und wenigstens ein Bauteil, wie z. B. einen Verrohrungsabschnitt oder eine Leitungsarmatur, umfasst.
EP14166247.8A 2014-04-28 2014-04-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen aus einem Formationsflüssigkeits- oder Gastransportmittel Active EP2940244B1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2889226C (en) * 2014-04-28 2019-12-31 Todd Parker Method and device for removing deposits from a formation fluid or gas transportation means
EP2977545B1 (de) * 2014-07-24 2019-06-05 Blue Spark Energy Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Kontrollpartikeln in einem Bohrloch
EP3546694B1 (de) * 2018-03-26 2023-12-27 Blue Spark Energy Inc. Vorrichtung und verfahren zum sammeln von ablagerungen von ablagerungen in einem bohrloch

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US3180418A (en) * 1961-08-16 1965-04-27 Norman A Macleod Casing descaling method and apparatus
US4345650A (en) 1980-04-11 1982-08-24 Wesley Richard H Process and apparatus for electrohydraulic recovery of crude oil
DE3891315T1 (de) * 1988-05-20 1990-04-05 Pk Byuro Elektrogidravliki An Verfahren zur erregung eines bohrlochs waehrend der erdoelfoerderung und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US5948171A (en) * 1997-05-20 1999-09-07 Southwest Research Institute Electrohydraulic transducer for cleaning the inner surface of pipes
US6227293B1 (en) 2000-02-09 2001-05-08 Conoco Inc. Process and apparatus for coupled electromagnetic and acoustic stimulation of crude oil reservoirs using pulsed power electrohydraulic and electromagnetic discharge
US7270191B2 (en) 2004-04-07 2007-09-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Flapper opening mechanism
US7204313B2 (en) 2005-01-07 2007-04-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Equalizing flapper for high slam rate applications
US8613312B2 (en) * 2009-12-11 2013-12-24 Technological Research Ltd Method and apparatus for stimulating wells

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