EP2937466B1 - Device for mitigating under-water sound - Google Patents
Device for mitigating under-water sound Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2937466B1 EP2937466B1 EP15401031.8A EP15401031A EP2937466B1 EP 2937466 B1 EP2937466 B1 EP 2937466B1 EP 15401031 A EP15401031 A EP 15401031A EP 2937466 B1 EP2937466 B1 EP 2937466B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transport housing
- hydro
- sound
- holding device
- support
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
- E02D13/005—Sound absorbing accessories in piling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
- E02D2200/11—Height being adjustable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2200/00—Details of methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general
- G10K2200/11—Underwater, e.g. transducers for generating acoustic waves underwater
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for reducing waterborne noise, for example in the area of an offshore construction site, in particular in a pile to be introduced into the seabed, wherein the device comprises at least one holding device and at least one hydro-silencer comprising a support structure and sound-absorbing elements attached thereto.
- Underwater noise from, for example, offshore piles can be perceived by marine mammals, such as harbor porpoises and seals, over long distances. Underwater noise, especially the porpoises are affected, since in these animals, the hearing is used in addition to communication for orientation and foraging. Permanent damage to the hearing can therefore lead to death in these animals.
- a plurality of sound-reducing elements is arranged on a support structure.
- a support structure This is For example, a network that can be flexibly clamped around the sound source in the water. On the seabed, the nets are held with weights.
- the entirety of the sound-reducing elements with the support structure is called a hydro-silencer.
- a hydro silencer additionally dampens and can be matched exactly to the expected sound spectrum.
- a hydro silencer is less susceptible to ocean currents and optimally effective in the entire relevant frequency range.
- a continuous compressed air supply as bubble bladder is not required.
- a hydro silencer known. This consists of a plurality of mutually spaced damping elements for reducing the hydro sound, which are arranged distributed on a support structure, for example on a network.
- the support structure is placed around a source of sound at the site of use.
- a sound source is, for example, a pile, which is introduced into the seabed, which can be done by ramming or drilling.
- the publication WO 2013/102459 A2 describes a method and a device for handling a hydro silencer in the area of an offshore construction site, in particular in the case of a pile to be introduced into the seabed.
- the disclosed apparatus comprises a holding device, to which a first end of the hydro-silencer is held, and a second end of the hydro-silencer remote from the first end of the hydro-silencer, which is movable relative to the holding means, in particular remote from the holding means.
- the invention has for its object to further develop the prior art and to provide a way in which the placing and the recovery at the site of such a device can be done quickly, easily and inexpensively.
- the invention is further based on the object, in the water, especially when drilling or ramming a pile into the seabed, to minimize the formation or propagation of hydro-sound.
- a device which has a transport housing for storing and transporting at least one hydro-silencer located in a contracted functional position, wherein a first end of the hydro-silencer is fastened to the transport housing and the transport housing is connected to the holding device via a carrying device and relative thereto is movable, wherein the support device comprises at least one winch with a support cable or a motor-driven drum, wherein at least one winch or the drum is fixed to the transport housing. Due to the arrangement of the drum on the transport housing, the stop means of the supporting cable is connected to the holding device.
- the hydro silencer does not slide along the attachment means during deployment and recovery, it is avoided that it, in particular the support structure in the form of a net, gets caught in the attachment means. Furthermore, this embodiment allows the entire device to be lighter and thus easier to handle. The reduction of the total mass of the device is achieved in that massive facilities such as the drum with the supporting cable and the drive motor are attached to the transport housing and serve here as a ballast body at the same time. Since it is provided that the weight force, in particular the dipping weight force of the transport housing is greater than the buoyancy force of the hydro silencer, it is favorable to arrange the drum with the carrying cable and its drive motor to the transport housing.
- the supporting rope By arranged on the transport housing drum when discharging or catching up the transport housing, the supporting rope is stationary relative to the underwater structure.
- the sound-reducing elements are arranged so that they enclose between them a sufficient passage for the flow.
- this flow direction corresponds to the direction of sound propagation.
- the carrier structure of the hydro silencer can also consist of a multiplicity of rigid but mutually movable bodies.
- the bodies may be flat frames in the surface of which the sound attenuation elements are arranged on grids or nets.
- the bodies can also be spatially structured, as are cages or containers.
- the bodies are moved relative to each other in a rotational and / or translatory manner. By folding or pushing together, the pack size of the hydro silencer is minimized for transport and storage.
- the discharge of the hydro silencer ie the change between the first, contracted functional position and a second, expanded functional position of the hydro silencer, either during deflation or mounting the transport housing or regardless of the movement of the transport housing relative to the holding device takes place.
- the hydrodynamic damper has, at its first end and / or at its second end and / or at least one point between the first and the second end, a connecting means which is movably arranged on the carrying cable.
- a connecting means which is movably arranged on the carrying cable.
- a second end of the hydro silencer is attached to the holding device.
- Each attachment cited in this document is to be understood as an attachment which is releasable in particular during assembly and disassembly of the device before and after use.
- the invention provides that the holding device is connected to a working device or is held independently of a working device on a traverse or a gripper.
- a working device such as a ram for introducing foundation piles in the seabed
- the device can be connected on board an erector ship with the implement and then lifted together with the implement by a crane to the use position.
- An implement may also be a drill head.
- the use of the device in the water is possible when a working device is not directly used, for example, in the demolition or recovery of ammunition residues in the sea.
- pile driving is the separate from the implement bracket of the device to a traverse or on a Gripper particularly advantageous because so the holding device is decoupled from the vibrations and vibrations of the implement. This protects the structure of the device and prevents the formation of a sound bridge over the hydro silencer away.
- the same advantage arises when, after weaning of the device on the seabed or on a pile guide located on the seabed, such as a template, the carrying cable is held slack.
- the ramming is the work with a ram, a hammer also called hammer.
- Typical field of application is the driving in of piles, for example for pile foundation into the ground.
- the ram works according to the principle of energy or conservation of momentum. It makes use of the fact that the ram is easier to accelerate than the object in question and usually has relatively much mass.
- ramming In the case of hammering, the pile is driven into the ground with repetitive single blows of a clubbeater. The impact energy is generated by a falling on the pile and additionally accelerated weight. The kinetic energy acting on the pile material is determined by the mass of the impacting bear and its acceleration.
- Vibration rams When vibrating rams no individual impacts are generated to bring the Rammgut, but a vibration. Vibration rams are usually driven hydraulically. In the ram housing, imbalances are mounted on a shaft. By rotating the shafts and the imbalances, vertically directed vibrations are generated. The ram is placed on the pile. Rammers and pile are connected. Through this composite, the vibrations are transferred into the pile.
- the device comprises a further winch with a control cable and a motor-driven reel as a dispensing device, wherein the second end of the hydraulic muffler attached to the free end of the control cable and the reel is arranged on the transport housing.
- the dispensing device makes it possible that the transport housing is drained by the support device of the holding device to the seabed without the hydro silencer already spreads.
- the dispensing device is actuated, which now controls the buoyancy of the hydro silencer and allows independent of a movement of the transport housing.
- the positioning of the water level facing the second end of the hydro silencer can be influenced. This influence is independent of a movement of the holding device, that is independent of the traverse or the implement, possible.
- the hydro silencers are pulled as needed to several meters below the water level.
- the recovery of the hydro silencer in the transport housing can be done independently of the movement of the transport housing. This can be favorable, for example, in the event of an interruption of the work due to strong currents or heavy seas. Then, the hydro silencer is brought into the transport housing and is thus protected from flow and sea state, but the device as a whole can remain in the water for the duration of the interruption.
- the winches of the application and the support device are preferably underwater winds, which are also suitable for use in larger water depths between 30 and 200 meters.
- the arrangement or attachment of the application device or the support device to the transport housing is to be understood as a spatial assignment of the control cable, reel and / or its drive motor or supporting cable, drum and / or its drive motor to the transport housing. You must not be directly connected to the transport housing to be moved with this relative to the holding device.
- a particular embodiment provides that the reel and / or the drum are arranged horizontally next to the transport housing and below or at the bottom of the transport housing a deflection roller for the control cable and / or a deflection roller for the supporting cable is provided. This makes it possible that the hydro silencer is extended to the bottom of the transport housing or to the seabed.
- the device on both sides of the hydro silencer has a plurality of supporting cables, which are arranged on the transport housing, that they have different distances to the sound source or to the underwater structure.
- the drive can be pneumatic. However, it has proved to be particularly effective that the drive is electric and / or hydraulic.
- the transport housing and / or the collecting device preferably have water permeable boundary walls.
- the transport housing and / or the collecting device are designed as a basket, for example, with lattice-like boundary walls.
- the boundary surfaces may also consist of perforated panels, for example made of a plastic. It has proved to be particularly favorable that the boundary surfaces consist of a network. This makes it possible to obtain boundary surfaces that do not vibrate or radiate sound, so that transmitted from the underwater structure on the transport housing vibrations can not be forwarded to the surrounding water.
- a mesh for a boundary surface can be made coarsely meshed for its spatial closure function, that is, have a mesh size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- the transport housing and the collecting device are designed according to a further embodiment such that they can be arranged one inside the other, wherein the lateral boundary walls of the transport housing and the collecting device overlap in the horizontal direction.
- the collecting device can be used as a cover for the transport housing.
- the transport housing and the collecting device each have a receiving space for the hydro silencer, wherein they have an opening at least on one side and are aligned with each other for opening the hydro silencer.
- a special development of the device comprises a collecting device, which is movable independently of the transport housing and relative to the transport housing or to the holding device.
- the collecting device is preferably arranged to be movable on at least one supporting cable of the transport housing for guidance.
- the movement of the collecting device is achieved by a separate cable, the drive is arranged on the holding device or on the transport housing.
- sound-reducing elements are arranged on at least one of the sides and / or outer sides of the collecting device and / or the transport housing. As a result, the device achieves a sound reduction propagated along its entire vertical extent in the water.
- the holding device and / or the transport housing comprises a plurality, in particular at least three support means, which is movably mounted on the holding device and / or on the transport housing and by means of a spring element against an underwater structure are deflectable.
- An underwater structure may be, for example, a structure, a pole, a ship's hull or a rock.
- the support means are preferably distributed over the circumference of the underwater structure. By the support means is achieved that the device maintains a uniform distance to the underwater structure and, for example, is arranged concentrically to a pile. This is particularly advantageous when overcoming obstacles or conically shaped piles.
- the support means preferably have rolling bodies to facilitate movement along the underwater structure.
- the elastically mounted support devices work equipment, underwater structure and device are also protected against mutual damage.
- a preferred embodiment of the support means is a vertically oriented, ie parallel to the underwater structure pendulum arm, at one end of which is provided on the underwater structure adjacent sliding or rolling body. At the second end of the pendulum arm this is pivotally connected to the device.
- This compound may be a restraint in an elastic pendulum rod, but preferably a rotatably articulated mounting is provided.
- a large deflection of the sliding or rolling body at the same time low spring travel of the spring element is achieved by the spring element is arranged close to or in the junction of the pendulum rod with the device.
- the essential structural parts of such a device consist of hollow body structures, for example tubes. It has proven to be advantageous that the hollow body structures of the holding device and / or the collecting device and / or the transport housing are filled in their interiors with a damping means and / or with sound-reducing elements. As a result, transmission or even amplification of the hydrophone by the hollow body structures is reduced or prevented.
- the damping means has a high damping capacity and is for example an elastic foam or a viscous mass, such as bitumen.
- the damping agent consists of a liquid which is not or only slightly compressible, for example water or oil, and from a non-dissolvable in this liquid, free-flowing or free-flowing solid, such as sand, and is a viscous mass. It is particularly advantageous that the solid is present in a uniform grain size, for example as quartz sand. As a result, a compression of the solid or the damping agent is prevented.
- the body vibration introduced into this hollow body or produced in the hollow body is damped. A gain or a forwarding of the vibration is thereby reduced or prevented.
- the filled with the damping means interior is separated by a single wall from the surrounding water. The filled with the damping means interior is thus, in particular in a hollow body structure with a plurality of separate internal spaces of the outside water to the interior.
- a damping device which consists of an elastic, closed-cell foam whose pores are filled with a compressible material, wherein the damping device is arranged on the pile hammer or in the contact region between the pile hammer and an object to be processed by the pile hammer.
- the damping device preferably has the shape of a ring, which is positioned in the contact region of the pile hammer and pile, ie at the upper end of the pile or on the underside of the pile hammer, and surrounds the pile shell side.
- the pile hammer is displaced downwards by approx. 1 cm within approx. 0.01 s.
- the water present at the annular lower edge of the pile hammer projecting beyond the pile is abruptly displaced by this movement, a hydro-sound wave being produced.
- An under the pile hammer and / or around the pile arranged soft, elastic ring of a foam as a damping device catches this sudden movement because it is compressed between the water and the hammer. Subsequently, the damping device expands again and gives the absorbed kinetic energy in the elastic recovery slowly and reduced to the water.
- the annular damping device is under buoyancy.
- the inner diameter of the damping device corresponds to the pile diameter and / or the outer diameter of the damping device Diameter of the hammer.
- a pile diameter of, for example, 6 m With a pile diameter of, for example, 6 m, a cross-section of approximately 30 cm ⁇ 30 cm is provided for the damping device.
- the damping device may be connected to the collecting device and prevent the further rising of the collecting device when reaching the hammer.
- the figures show a device 1 for reducing waterborne noise and / or for handling at least one hydrodynamic damper 2, in particular in an underwater structure 4.
- the device 1 is in the area of an offshore construction site, in particular in the case of a pile to be introduced into the seabed 3 4 used as an underwater structure.
- the device 1 consists of at least one holding device 5 and at least one hydro-silencer 2, the hydro-silencer 2 comprising a support structure 6 and sound-reducing elements 7 attached thereto.
- the device 1 further consists of a transport housing 8 for Storage and transport of at least one hydraulic muffler 2 located in a contracted first functional position. A first end of the hydrostatic muffler 2 is fastened to the transport housing 8.
- the transport housing 8 is connected via a support device 9 with the holding device 5 and movable relative to the support device 9.
- the support device 9 comprises at least a plurality of cable winches, each with a support cable 10 and a motor-driven drum 11.
- the drums 11 are attached to the transport housing 8 and provided for use in the water 12.
- the hydro silencer 2 has a plurality of connecting means 13, which are arranged movably on the supporting cable 10. Since the drum 11 is positioned in the water 12, in particular on or under the transport housing 8, the connecting means 13 can not catch with the fastening fitting at the free end of the supporting cable 10. A problem-free and unhindered movement of the hydro sound damper 2 along the support cable 10 is possible.
- FIG. 1 shows the device 1 on a ship 14. Before or after the use of the device 1, it is placed on the ship 14.
- the ship 14 has a crane 15, by means of which the device 1 is lifted to the place of use in the water 12 and also recovered from there.
- a crane 15 also serves to move a work implement 16 between water 12 and vessel 14.
- the implement 16 in this embodiment is a pile hammer, which introduces the pile 4 into the seabed 3.
- To connect the device 1 with the pile hammer 16 these are positioned relative to one another, wherein the pile hammer 16 is preferably arranged elevated above the device 1 on a pedestal, not shown here.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 In each case, two different possibilities are shown how the device 1, in particular during positioning at the point of use, can be held by the crane 15.
- the holding device 5 On the right side of the figures it is shown that the holding device 5 is connected to the working device 16.
- implement 16 and device 1 are moved together by the crane 15 from the ship 14 into the water 12 and from the water 12 to the ship 14.
- the holding device 5 On the left side of the figures it is shown that the holding device 5 is held on the crane 15 independently of the implement 16.
- the holding device 5 and the implement 16 may be posted together on a traverse of the crane 15 or on independent trusses or different cranes 15.
- a cross member, not shown here may be the holding device 5.
- FIG. 2 shows the transport housing 8 parked on the seabed 3.
- the transport housing 8 is still closed, so that the aufauokbende hydro silencer 2 is held in this.
- the closure of the transport housing 8 is realized by a collecting device 18 positioned in the transport housing 8.
- the collecting device 18 is mounted as the hydro silencer 2 on the supporting cable 10 movable.
- a dispensing device not shown here is provided.
- the dispensing device is a winch with a control cable and a motor-driven reel, wherein the free end of the control cable connected to the catcher 18 and the reel is arranged on the transport housing 8.
- FIG. 3 shows the device 1 with a hydraulic muffler 2 in a second, deployed functional position.
- This functional position reaches the hydraulic muffler 2 by the discharge device actuated, so the catcher 18 is left following the buoyancy of the hydraulic muffler 2, until the catcher 18 is positioned on the implement 16.
- the collecting device 18 it is possible, particularly in the case of the stop 1 of the device 1 on the crane 15 shown on the left, for the collecting device 18 to rise past the pile hammer 16 as far as the water surface 19.
- the device 1, in particular the closed transport housing 8, can also be lowered on the carrying cable 7 simultaneously with the hammer 16 or only later on the hammer 16 past its use position.
- the collecting device 18 is positioned above, next to or below the driving hammer 16, as shown.
- the collecting device 18 may also be fixedly connected to the working device 16 or the holding device 5.
- To spread the transport housing 8 is drained and the hydro silencer 2 down, raised to the seabed 3 out.
- the device 1 shown has a plurality of support devices 20.
- the support devices 20 ensure that the device 1 and, in particular, the hydro silencer 2 are held at a distance from the underwater structure 4.
- a plurality of support means 20 are arranged on the holding means 5, on the connecting means 13 and on the transport housing 8.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b each show a damping device 21 to prevent the formation of hydro sound when using a hammer 16.
- the pile 4 In one Use position encloses the damping device 21, the pile 4 on its lateral surface annular and is located on the pile 4 facing bottom of the hammer 16 at.
- the damping device 21 consists of an elastic, closed-cell foam and is connected to the collecting device 18.
- FIG. 5 is the transport housing 8 in a schematic plan view and in FIG. 6 in a sectional view along the line A - A shown.
- the transport housing 8 is formed as a ring enclosing the underwater structure 4.
- the shape of the transport housing 8 is polygonal.
- the transport housing 8 consists of an open framework, which is composed of hollow bodies, preferably tubes 22. The interior of the tubes is filled with a damping means and / or with sound-reducing elements.
- the transport housing 8 is held over four support cables 10.
- a drum 11 is provided, wherein the four drums 11 are arranged below a receiving space 23 for the hydro silencer 2.
- Some, in particular the outer infills of the frame framework, are covered by networks 24 with sound-reducing elements 7 in the manner of a hydrophone muffler 2.
- the inner boundaries of the receiving space 23 with simple, so equipped without sound reduction elements 7, dense meshes 24 disguised.
- the illustrated transport housing 8 is intended for use in over-water ramming.
- the spreading in the water 12 Hydro silencer 2 does not have to be moved past the working tool 16, so it can not get caught on this.
- a hydrodynamic damper 2 which is swollen on the water surface 19, is easily received in the receiving space 23 when the transport housing 8 is raised.
- Each of the support means 20 consists of a rolling body 25 which is elastically mounted on a spring element 26.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Minderung von Wasserschall beispielsweise im Bereich einer Offshore-Baustelle, insbesondere bei einem in den Meeresboden einzubringenden Pfahl, wobei die Vorrichtung wenigstens eine Halteeinrichtung und wenigstens einen Hydroschalldämpfer umfassend eine Trägerstruktur und daran befestigte Schallminderungselemente aufweist.The invention relates to a device for reducing waterborne noise, for example in the area of an offshore construction site, in particular in a pile to be introduced into the seabed, wherein the device comprises at least one holding device and at least one hydro-silencer comprising a support structure and sound-absorbing elements attached thereto.
Unterwasserlärm, beispielsweise von Offshore-Rammarbeiten, kann von marinen Säugetieren, beispielsweise Schweinswalen und Robben, über große Strecken wahrgenommen werden. Durch Unterwasserlärm werden vor allem die Schweinswale beeinträchtigt, da bei diesen Tieren das Gehör neben der Kommunikation auch zur Orientierung und zur Nahrungssuche genutzt wird. Eine dauerhafte Schädigung des Gehörs kann bei diesen Tieren demnach den Tod zur Folge haben.Underwater noise from, for example, offshore piles can be perceived by marine mammals, such as harbor porpoises and seals, over long distances. Underwater noise, especially the porpoises are affected, since in these animals, the hearing is used in addition to communication for orientation and foraging. Permanent damage to the hearing can therefore lead to death in these animals.
Zur Minderung des Schalles sind unterschiedliche Techniken bekannt. Bei einem Blasenschleier werden Druckluftschläuche rund um die Unterwasserbaustelle gelegt. Diese sind an Kompressoren angeschlossen und pumpen Druckluft in die Schläuche am Meeresboden. Diese Druckluft steigt in Form eines Vorhangs aus Luftblasen auf und bildet damit eine physikalisch-akustische dämmende Barriere für den Schall.To reduce the sound different techniques are known. In a bubble curtain compressed air hoses are placed around the underwater construction site. These are connected to compressors and pump compressed air into the hoses on the seabed. This compressed air rises in the form of a curtain of air bubbles, forming a physical-acoustic barrier for the sound.
Anstelle der flüchtigen und schwer zu regulierenden Luftblasen können auch Ballons aus elastischem Material als Schallminderungselemente eingesetzt werden. Dabei ist eine Vielzahl von Schallminderungselementen an einer Trägerstruktur angeordnet. Diese ist beispielsweise ein Netz, das flexibel um die Schallquelle im Wasser aufgespannt werden kann. Auf dem Meeresboden werden die Netze mit Gewichten festgehalten. Die Gesamtheit der Schallminderungselemente mit der Trägerstruktur wird Hydroschalldämpfer genannt. Ein Hydroschalldämpfer wirkt zusätzlich dämpfend und kann exakt auf das erwartete Schallspektrum abgestimmt werden. Ein Hydroschalldämpfer ist weniger anfällig für Meeresströmungen und optimal wirksam im gesamten relevanten Frequenzbereich. Darüber hinaus ist bei einem Hydroschalldämpfer eine kontinuierliche Druckluftversorgung wie beim Blasenschleier nicht erforderlich.Instead of the volatile and difficult-to-regulate air bubbles and balloons made of elastic material can be used as sound reduction elements. In this case, a plurality of sound-reducing elements is arranged on a support structure. This is For example, a network that can be flexibly clamped around the sound source in the water. On the seabed, the nets are held with weights. The entirety of the sound-reducing elements with the support structure is called a hydro-silencer. A hydro silencer additionally dampens and can be matched exactly to the expected sound spectrum. A hydro silencer is less susceptible to ocean currents and optimally effective in the entire relevant frequency range. In addition, in a hydro silencer a continuous compressed air supply as bubble bladder is not required.
Zur Minderung des Hydroschalles ist aus der Druckschrift
Die Druckschrift
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Stand der Technik weiterzubilden und eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, bei der das Anordnen und das Bergen an dem Einsatzort einer derartigen Vorrichtung schnell, einfach und kostengünstig erfolgen können.The invention has for its object to further develop the prior art and to provide a way in which the placing and the recovery at the site of such a device can be done quickly, easily and inexpensively.
Der Erfindung liegt weiterhin die Aufgabe zugrunde, im Wasser, insbesondere bei dem Bohren oder Rammen eines Pfahles in den Meeresboden, die Entstehung oder Ausbreitung von Hydroschall zu minimieren.The invention is further based on the object, in the water, especially when drilling or ramming a pile into the seabed, to minimize the formation or propagation of hydro-sound.
Diese beiden Aufgaben werden erfindungsgemäß mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Die weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.These two objects are achieved with a device according to the features of claim 1. The further embodiment of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß ist also eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen, welche ein Transportgehäuse zur Aufbewahrung und zum Transport wenigstens eines in einer zusammengezogenen Funktionsstellung befindlichen Hydroschalldämpfers aufweist, wobei an dem Transportgehäuse ein erstes Ende des Hydroschalldämpfers befestigt ist und das Transportgehäuse über eine Tragvorrichtung mit der Halteeinrichtung verbunden und relativ zu dieser beweglich ist, wobei die Tragvorrichtung zumindest eine Seilwinde mit einem Tragseil oder eine motorisch angetriebene Trommel umfasst, wobei zumindest eine Seilwinde oder die Trommel an dem Transportgehäuse befestigt ist. Durch die Anordnung der Trommel an dem Transportgehäuse ist das Anschlagmittel des Tragseiles mit der Halteeinrichtung verbunden. Da bei dieser Anordnung der Hydroschalldämpfer beim Ausbringen und Einholen nicht an den Anschlagmitteln entlang gleitet, wird vermieden, dass sich dieser, insbesondere die als Netz ausgebildete Trägerstruktur, in den Anschlagmitteln verfängt. Weiterhin ermöglicht diese Ausführungsform, dass die gesamte Vorrichtung leichter und somit besser handhabbar ist. Die Reduzierung der Gesamtmasse der Vorrichtung wird dadurch erreicht, dass massereiche Einrichtungen wie die Trommel mit dem Tragseil und deren Antriebsmotor an dem Transportgehäuse befestigt sind und hier zugleich auch als Ballastkörper dienen. Da vorgesehen ist, dass die Gewichtskraft, insbesondere die Tauchgewichtskraft des Transportgehäuses größer ist als die Auftriebskraft des Hydroschalldämpfers, ist es günstig, die Trommel mit dem Tragseil und deren Antriebsmotor an dem Transportgehäuse anzuordnen. Durch die an dem Transportgehäuse angeordnete Trommel ist beim Ablassen oder Aufholen des Transportgehäuses das Tragseil relativ zu der Unterwasserstruktur unbewegt. Dabei sind die Schallminderungselemente so angeordnet, dass diese zwischen sich einen ausreichenden Durchlass zur Durchströmung einschließen. Vorzugsweise entspricht diese Durchströmungsrichtung der Richtung der Schallausbreitung.According to the invention, therefore, a device is provided which has a transport housing for storing and transporting at least one hydro-silencer located in a contracted functional position, wherein a first end of the hydro-silencer is fastened to the transport housing and the transport housing is connected to the holding device via a carrying device and relative thereto is movable, wherein the support device comprises at least one winch with a support cable or a motor-driven drum, wherein at least one winch or the drum is fixed to the transport housing. Due to the arrangement of the drum on the transport housing, the stop means of the supporting cable is connected to the holding device. Since, in this arrangement, the hydro silencer does not slide along the attachment means during deployment and recovery, it is avoided that it, in particular the support structure in the form of a net, gets caught in the attachment means. Furthermore, this embodiment allows the entire device to be lighter and thus easier to handle. The reduction of the total mass of the device is achieved in that massive facilities such as the drum with the supporting cable and the drive motor are attached to the transport housing and serve here as a ballast body at the same time. Since it is provided that the weight force, in particular the dipping weight force of the transport housing is greater than the buoyancy force of the hydro silencer, it is favorable to arrange the drum with the carrying cable and its drive motor to the transport housing. By arranged on the transport housing drum when discharging or catching up the transport housing, the supporting rope is stationary relative to the underwater structure. The sound-reducing elements are arranged so that they enclose between them a sufficient passage for the flow. Preferably, this flow direction corresponds to the direction of sound propagation.
Alternativ zu einem Netz kann die Trägerstruktur des Hydroschalldämpfers auch aus einer Vielzahl starrer, aber zueinander beweglicher Körper bestehen. Die Körper können flache Rahmen sein, in deren Fläche die Schallminderungselemente an Gittern oder Netzen angeordnet sind. Die Körper können aber auch räumlich strukturiert sein, wie es Käfige oder Container sind. Zur Ausbreitung und Einholung des Hydroschalldämpfers werden die Körper relativ zueinander rotatorisch und/oder translatorisch bewegt. Durch ein Falten beziehungsweise Zusammenschieben ist das Packmaß des Hydroschalldämpfers für Transport und Lagerung minimiert.As an alternative to a network, the carrier structure of the hydro silencer can also consist of a multiplicity of rigid but mutually movable bodies. The bodies may be flat frames in the surface of which the sound attenuation elements are arranged on grids or nets. The bodies can also be spatially structured, as are cages or containers. For propagation and recovery of the hydro silencer, the bodies are moved relative to each other in a rotational and / or translatory manner. By folding or pushing together, the pack size of the hydro silencer is minimized for transport and storage.
Es ist vorgesehen, dass das Ausbringen des Hydroschalldämpfers, also der Wechsel zwischen der ersten, zusammengezogenen Funktionsstellung und einer zweiten, ausgebreiteten Funktionsstellung des Hydroschalldämpfers, entweder beim Ablassen beziehungsweise Aufziehen des Transportgehäuses oder unabhängig von der Bewegung des Transportgehäuses relativ zu der Halteeinrichtung erfolgt.It is envisaged that the discharge of the hydro silencer, ie the change between the first, contracted functional position and a second, expanded functional position of the hydro silencer, either during deflation or mounting the transport housing or regardless of the movement of the transport housing relative to the holding device takes place.
Als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen hat es sich, dass der Hydroschalldämpfer an seinem ersten Ende und/oder an seinem zweiten Ende und/oder an wenigstens einer Stelle zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Ende ein Verbindungsmittel aufweist, welches beweglich an dem Tragseil angeordnet ist. Hierdurch ist es möglich, dass der Hydroschalldämpfer sich, geführt durch das Tragseil, geordnet in vertikaler Richtung ausbreiten kann. Aufgrund des Auftriebes des Hydroschalldämpfers ist es möglich, dass dieser beim Vergrößern des Abstandes zwischen der Halteeinrichtung und dem Transportgehäuse entlang des Tragseiles auftreibt und sich über den zwischen Halteeinrichtung und Transportgehäuse gebildeten Raum erstreckt. Die Verbindungsmittel sorgen für eine insbesondere in horizontaler Richtung relativ begrenzte Bewegungsfreiheit des Hydroschalldämpfers relativ zu den Tragseilen. Hierdurch wird es möglich, dass beim Reduzieren des Abstandes zwischen der Halteeinrichtung und dem Transportgehäuse der Hydroschalldämpfer automatisch wieder in dem Transportgehäuse abgelegt wird.It has proved to be particularly advantageous that the hydrodynamic damper has, at its first end and / or at its second end and / or at least one point between the first and the second end, a connecting means which is movably arranged on the carrying cable. This makes it possible that the hydro silencer, guided by the support cable, can spread in an orderly manner in the vertical direction. Due to the buoyancy of the hydro silencer, it is possible that this increases when increasing the distance between the holding device and the transport housing along the support cable and extends over the space formed between the holding device and the transport housing. The connecting means ensure a relatively limited in particular in the horizontal direction of freedom of movement of the hydro silencer relative to the support cables. This makes it possible that when reducing the distance between the holding device and the transport housing of the hydro silencer is automatically stored again in the transport housing.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass ein zweites Ende des Hydroschalldämpfers an der Halteeinrichtung befestigt ist. Jede in diesem Dokument angeführte Befestigung ist als eine insbesondere bei der Montage und Demontage der Vorrichtung vor und nach einem Einsatz lösbare Befestigung zu verstehen.According to one embodiment of this embodiment, it is provided that a second end of the hydro silencer is attached to the holding device. Each attachment cited in this document is to be understood as an attachment which is releasable in particular during assembly and disassembly of the device before and after use.
Praktischerweise ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Halteeinrichtung mit einem Arbeitsgerät verbunden ist oder unabhängig von einem Arbeitsgerät an einer Traverse oder einem Gripper gehalten ist. Bei der Verbindung mit einem Arbeitsgerät, beispielsweise einer Ramme zum Einbringen von Gründungspfählen in den Meeresboden, ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die Vorrichtung einfach in ihrer Handhabung ist. Die Vorrichtung kann an Bord eines Errichterschiffes mit dem Arbeitsgerät verbunden und dann gemeinsam mit dem Arbeitsgerät von einem Kran an die Einsatzposition gehoben werden. Ein Arbeitsgerät kann auch ein Bohrkopf sein. Bei der Verbindung der Halteeinrichtung an einer Traverse ist es möglich, dass die Vorrichtung unabhängig von einem Arbeitsgerät ist. Ist das Arbeitsgerät ein Bohrkopf, kann dieser beispielsweise zum Wechsel des Bohrgestänges verschwenkt werden, ohne dass die Vorrichtung und somit der Hydroschalldämpfer bewegt werden müssen. Weiterhin ist auch der Einsatz der Vorrichtung im Wasser möglich, wenn ein Arbeitsgerät unmittelbar nicht zur Anwendung kommt, beispielsweise bei der Sprengung oder Bergung von Munitionsresten im Meer. Für den Einsatz bei Rammarbeiten ist die von dem Arbeitsgerät separate Halterung der Vorrichtung an einer Traverse oder an einem Gripper insbesondere von Vorteil, weil so die Halteeinrichtung von den Vibrationen und Schwingungen des Arbeitsgerätes entkoppelt ist. Dies schont die Struktur der Vorrichtung und verhindert die Ausbildung einer Schallbrücke über den Hydroschalldämpfer hinweg. Derselbe Vorteil ergibt sich, wenn nach dem Absetzen der Vorrichtung auf dem Meeresboden oder auf einer am Meeresboden befindlichen Pfahlführung, wie einem Template, das Tragseil schlaff gehalten ist.Conveniently, the invention provides that the holding device is connected to a working device or is held independently of a working device on a traverse or a gripper. In connection with a working device, such as a ram for introducing foundation piles in the seabed, there is the advantage that the device is easy to handle. The device can be connected on board an erector ship with the implement and then lifted together with the implement by a crane to the use position. An implement may also be a drill head. When connecting the holding device to a traverse, it is possible that the device is independent of a working device. If the implement is a drill head, this can be pivoted, for example, to change the drill string, without the device and thus the hydro silencer must be moved. Furthermore, the use of the device in the water is possible when a working device is not directly used, for example, in the demolition or recovery of ammunition residues in the sea. For use in pile driving is the separate from the implement bracket of the device to a traverse or on a Gripper particularly advantageous because so the holding device is decoupled from the vibrations and vibrations of the implement. This protects the structure of the device and prevents the formation of a sound bridge over the hydro silencer away. The same advantage arises when, after weaning of the device on the seabed or on a pile guide located on the seabed, such as a template, the carrying cable is held slack.
Das Rammen ist die Arbeit mit einer Ramme, einem auch Rammhammer genannten Arbeitsgerät. Typisches Anwendungsgebiet ist das Eintreiben von Pfählen, zum Beispiel zur Pfahlgründung in das Erdreich. Die Ramme funktioniert nach dem Prinzip der Energiebeziehungsweise Impulserhaltung. Man macht sich zunutze, dass die Ramme einfacher zu beschleunigen ist als der betreffende Gegenstand und meist relativ viel Masse hat. Beim Rammen unterscheidet man zwei Arten: das Schlagrammen und das Vibrationsrammen. Beim Schlagrammen wird das Rammgut mit sich wiederholenden einzelnen Schlägen eines Schlagbärens in den Boden getrieben. Die Schlagenergie wird durch ein auf das Rammgut herabfallendes und zusätzlich beschleunigtes Gewicht erzeugt. Die auf das Rammgut einwirkende kinetische Energie bestimmt sich aus der Masse des Schlagbärens und der erzielten Beschleunigung desselben. Beim Vibrationsrammen werden keine Einzelschläge erzeugt, um das Rammgut einzubringen, sondern eine Vibration. Vibrationsrammen werden meist hydraulisch angetrieben. Im Rammgehäuse sind Unwuchten auf einer Welle montiert. Durch das Drehen der Wellen und der Unwuchten werden senkrecht gerichtete Schwingungen erzeugt. Die Ramme wird auf das Rammgut gesetzt. Ramme und Rammgut werden verbunden. Durch diesen Verbund werden die Schwingungen in das Rammgut übertragen.The ramming is the work with a ram, a hammer also called hammer. Typical field of application is the driving in of piles, for example for pile foundation into the ground. The ram works according to the principle of energy or conservation of momentum. It makes use of the fact that the ram is easier to accelerate than the object in question and usually has relatively much mass. There are two types of ramming: ramming and vibration ramming. In the case of hammering, the pile is driven into the ground with repetitive single blows of a clubbeater. The impact energy is generated by a falling on the pile and additionally accelerated weight. The kinetic energy acting on the pile material is determined by the mass of the impacting bear and its acceleration. When vibrating rams no individual impacts are generated to bring the Rammgut, but a vibration. Vibration rams are usually driven hydraulically. In the ram housing, imbalances are mounted on a shaft. By rotating the shafts and the imbalances, vertically directed vibrations are generated. The ram is placed on the pile. Rammers and pile are connected. Through this composite, the vibrations are transferred into the pile.
Günstig ist es auch, dass die Vorrichtung eine weitere Seilwinde mit einem Steuerseil und einer motorisch angetriebenen Haspel als eine Ausbringeinrichtung umfasst, wobei das zweite Ende des Hydroschalldämpfers an dem freien Ende des Steuerseiles befestigt und die Haspel an dem Transportgehäuse angeordnet ist. Die Ausbringeinrichtung ermöglicht es, dass das Transportgehäuse mittels der Tragvorrichtung von der Halteeinrichtung bis auf den Meeresboden abgelassen wird, ohne dass sich der Hydroschalldämpfer bereits ausbreitet. In einem anschließenden Schritt wird die Ausbringeinrichtung betätigt, welche den Auftrieb des Hydroschalldämpfers nun kontrolliert und unabhängig von einer Bewegung des Transportgehäuses ermöglicht. Weiterhin kann so die Positionierung des dem Wasserspiegel zugewandten zweiten Endes des Hydroschalldämpfers beeinflusst werden. Diese Beeinflussung ist unabhängig von einer Bewegung der Halteeinrichtung, also unabhängig von der Traverse beziehungsweise dem Arbeitsgerät, möglich. So kann beispielsweise der Hydroschalldämpfer bei Bedarf auf mehrere Meter unter den Wasserspiegel gezogen werden. Auch das Einholen des Hydroschalldämpfers in das Transportgehäuse kann unabhängig von der Bewegung des Transportgehäuses geschehen. Dies kann beispielsweise bei einer Unterbrechung der Arbeiten wegen starker Strömung oder starkem Seegang günstig sein. Dann wird der Hydroschalldämpfer in das Transportgehäuse eingeholt und ist so vor Strömung und Seegang geschützt, die Vorrichtung insgesamt kann aber für die Zeitdauer der Unterbrechung im Wasser verbleiben.It is also favorable that the device comprises a further winch with a control cable and a motor-driven reel as a dispensing device, wherein the second end of the hydraulic muffler attached to the free end of the control cable and the reel is arranged on the transport housing. The dispensing device makes it possible that the transport housing is drained by the support device of the holding device to the seabed without the hydro silencer already spreads. In a subsequent step, the dispensing device is actuated, which now controls the buoyancy of the hydro silencer and allows independent of a movement of the transport housing. Furthermore, as the positioning of the water level facing the second end of the hydro silencer can be influenced. This influence is independent of a movement of the holding device, that is independent of the traverse or the implement, possible. So can For example, the hydro silencers are pulled as needed to several meters below the water level. Also, the recovery of the hydro silencer in the transport housing can be done independently of the movement of the transport housing. This can be favorable, for example, in the event of an interruption of the work due to strong currents or heavy seas. Then, the hydro silencer is brought into the transport housing and is thus protected from flow and sea state, but the device as a whole can remain in the water for the duration of the interruption.
Die Seilwinden der Ausbringeinrichtung und der Tragvorrichtung sind vorzugsweise Unterwasserwinden, die auch für den Einsatz in größeren Wassertiefen zwischen 30 und 200 Metern geeignet sind. Die Anordnung oder Befestigung der Ausbringeinrichtung beziehungsweise der Tragvorrichtung an dem Transportgehäuse ist als eine räumliche Zuordnung von Steuerseil, Haspel und/oder deren Antriebsmotor beziehungsweise Tragseil, Trommel und/oder deren Antriebsmotor zu dem Transportgehäuse zu verstehen. Sie müssen nicht unmittelbar mit dem Transportgehäuse verbunden sein, um mit diesem relativ zu der Halteeinrichtung bewegt zu werden.The winches of the application and the support device are preferably underwater winds, which are also suitable for use in larger water depths between 30 and 200 meters. The arrangement or attachment of the application device or the support device to the transport housing is to be understood as a spatial assignment of the control cable, reel and / or its drive motor or supporting cable, drum and / or its drive motor to the transport housing. You must not be directly connected to the transport housing to be moved with this relative to the holding device.
Eine besondere Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die Haspel und/oder die Trommel horizontal neben dem Transportgehäuse angeordnet sind und unterhalb beziehungsweise am Boden des Transportgehäuses eine Umlenkrolle für das Steuerseil und/oder eine Umlenkrolle für das Tragseil vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch ist es möglich, dass der Hydroschalldämpfer bis zum Boden des Transportgehäuses beziehungsweise bis zum Meeresboden erstreckt ist.A particular embodiment provides that the reel and / or the drum are arranged horizontally next to the transport housing and below or at the bottom of the transport housing a deflection roller for the control cable and / or a deflection roller for the supporting cable is provided. This makes it possible that the hydro silencer is extended to the bottom of the transport housing or to the seabed.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung hat die Vorrichtung beiderseitig des Hydroschalldämpfers mehrere Tragseile, die so an dem Transportgehäuse angeordnet sind, dass sie zu der Schallquelle beziehungsweise zur Unterwasserstruktur unterschiedliche Abstände aufweisen. Durch eine wechselseitige Verbindung des Hydroschalldämpfers mit wenigstens zwei beiderseits des Hydroschalldämpfers und vorzugsweise in einer quer zum Hydroschalldämpfer orientierten Ebene angeordneten Tragseilen ist es möglich, dass der Hydroschalldämpfer eine räumliche Mächtigkeit aufweist. Diese räumliche Anordnung des Hydroschalldämpfers verbessert dessen Wirkung.According to one embodiment, the device on both sides of the hydro silencer has a plurality of supporting cables, which are arranged on the transport housing, that they have different distances to the sound source or to the underwater structure. By a mutual connection of the hydro silencer with at least two on both sides of the hydro silencer and preferably arranged in a transversely oriented to the hydro silencer level support cables, it is possible that the hydro silencer has a spatial thickness. This spatial arrangement of the hydro silencer improves its effect.
Bei der unter Wasser positionierten Haspel und/oder Trommel kann der Antrieb pneumatisch erfolgen. Als besonders effektiv erwiesen hat es sich jedoch, dass der Antrieb elektrisch und/oder hydraulisch ist.In the case of the reel and / or drum positioned under water, the drive can be pneumatic. However, it has proved to be particularly effective that the drive is electric and / or hydraulic.
Das Transportgehäuse und/oder die Auffangeinrichtung haben vorzugsweise für Wasser durchlässige Begrenzungswände. So ist es möglich, dass beim Herausheben der Vorrichtung aus dem Wasser dieses das Transportgehäuse beziehungsweise die Auffangeinrichtung schnell verlassen kann. Vorzugsweise sind das Transportgehäuse und/oder die Auffangeinrichtung als ein Korb beispielsweise mit gitterartigen Begrenzungswänden ausgeführt. Die Begrenzungsflächen können auch aus gelochten Tafeln, beispielsweise aus einem Kunststoff bestehen. Als besonders günstig erwiesen hat es sich, dass die Begrenzungsflächen aus einem Netz bestehen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, Begrenzungsflächen zu erhalten, die nicht schwingen beziehungsweise keinen Schall abstrahlen, sodass von der Unterwasserstruktur auf das Transportgehäuse übertragene Vibrationen nicht an das umgebende Wasser weitergeleitet werden können. Ein Netz für eine Begrenzungsfläche kann für seine Raumabschlussfunktion grobmaschig ausgeführt sein, also eine Maschenweite von 10 cm x 10 cm haben.The transport housing and / or the collecting device preferably have water permeable boundary walls. Thus, it is possible that when lifting the device out of the water this can leave the transport housing or the catcher quickly. Preferably, the transport housing and / or the collecting device are designed as a basket, for example, with lattice-like boundary walls. The boundary surfaces may also consist of perforated panels, for example made of a plastic. It has proved to be particularly favorable that the boundary surfaces consist of a network. This makes it possible to obtain boundary surfaces that do not vibrate or radiate sound, so that transmitted from the underwater structure on the transport housing vibrations can not be forwarded to the surrounding water. A mesh for a boundary surface can be made coarsely meshed for its spatial closure function, that is, have a mesh size of 10 cm × 10 cm.
Das Transportgehäuse und die Auffangeinrichtung sind gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform derart gestaltet, dass sie ineinander angeordnet werden können, wobei sich die seitlichen Begrenzungswände von Transportgehäuse und Auffangeinrichtung in horizontaler Richtung überlappen. Hierdurch kann die Auffangeinrichtung als ein Deckel für das Transportgehäuse eingesetzt werden.The transport housing and the collecting device are designed according to a further embodiment such that they can be arranged one inside the other, wherein the lateral boundary walls of the transport housing and the collecting device overlap in the horizontal direction. As a result, the collecting device can be used as a cover for the transport housing.
Als praktisch erwiesen hat es sich, dass das Transportgehäuse und die Auffangeinrichtung jeweils einen Aufnahmeraum für den Hydroschalldämpfer aufweisen, wobei sie zumindest einseitig eine Öffnung haben und mit jeweils einer Öffnung zum Durchführen des Hydroschalldämpfers aufeinander zu ausgerichtet sind.It has proved to be practical that the transport housing and the collecting device each have a receiving space for the hydro silencer, wherein they have an opening at least on one side and are aligned with each other for opening the hydro silencer.
Eine spezielle Weiterbildung der Vorrichtung umfasst eine Auffangeinrichtung, welche unabhängig von dem Transportgehäuse und relativ zu dem Transportgehäuse beziehungsweise zu der Halteeinrichtung beweglich ist. Die Auffangvorrichtung ist dabei vorzugsweise zur Führung an zumindest einem Tragseil des Transportgehäuses beweglich angeordnet. Die Bewegung der Auffangeinrichtung wird durch ein separates Seil erreicht, dessen Antrieb an der Halteeinrichtung oder an dem Transportgehäuse angeordnet ist.A special development of the device comprises a collecting device, which is movable independently of the transport housing and relative to the transport housing or to the holding device. The collecting device is preferably arranged to be movable on at least one supporting cable of the transport housing for guidance. The movement of the collecting device is achieved by a separate cable, the drive is arranged on the holding device or on the transport housing.
Gemäß einer günstigen Ausführungsform sind an mindestens einer der Seiten und/oder Außenseiten der Auffangeinrichtung und/oder des Transportgehäuses Schallminderungselemente angeordnet. Hierdurch erreicht die Vorrichtung eine entlang ihrer gesamten vertikalen Erstreckung im Wasser ausgebreitete Schallminderung.According to a favorable embodiment, sound-reducing elements are arranged on at least one of the sides and / or outer sides of the collecting device and / or the transport housing. As a result, the device achieves a sound reduction propagated along its entire vertical extent in the water.
Für das Ausbringen des Hydroschalldämpfers an einer Unterwasserstruktur hat es sich als geeignet erwiesen, dass die Halteeinrichtung und/oder das Transportgehäuse mehrere, insbesondere wenigstens drei Stützeinrichtungen umfasst, welche an der Halteeinrichtung und/oder an dem Transportgehäuse beweglich gelagert und mittels eines Federelementes gegen eine Unterwasserstruktur auslenkbar sind. Eine Unterwasserstruktur kann beispielsweise ein Bauwerk, ein Pfahl, ein Schiffsrumpf oder ein Felsen sein. Die Stützeinrichtungen sind vorzugsweise über den Umfang der Unterwasserstruktur verteilt. Durch die Stützeinrichtungen wird erreicht, dass die Vorrichtung einen gleichmäßigen Abstand zu der Unterwasserstruktur einhält und beispielsweise konzentrisch zu einem Pfahl angeordnet wird. Dies ist besonders bei der Überwindung von Hindernissen oder bei konisch geformten Pfählen vorteilhaft. An den der Unterwasserstruktur zugewandten Enden haben die Stützeinrichtungen vorzugsweise Rollkörper, um die Bewegung entlang der Unterwasserstruktur zu erleichtern. Durch die elastisch gelagerten Stützeinrichtungen werden Arbeitsgerät, Unterwasserstruktur und Vorrichtung auch vor gegenseitigen Beschädigungen geschützt.For the discharge of the hydro silencer to an underwater structure, it has proved to be suitable that the holding device and / or the transport housing comprises a plurality, in particular at least three support means, which is movably mounted on the holding device and / or on the transport housing and by means of a spring element against an underwater structure are deflectable. An underwater structure may be, for example, a structure, a pole, a ship's hull or a rock. The support means are preferably distributed over the circumference of the underwater structure. By the support means is achieved that the device maintains a uniform distance to the underwater structure and, for example, is arranged concentrically to a pile. This is particularly advantageous when overcoming obstacles or conically shaped piles. At the ends facing the underwater structure, the support means preferably have rolling bodies to facilitate movement along the underwater structure. The elastically mounted support devices work equipment, underwater structure and device are also protected against mutual damage.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Stützeinrichtung ist ein vertikal, also parallel zur Unterwasserstruktur orientierter Pendelarm, an dessen einem Ende ein an der Unterwasserstruktur anliegender Gleit- oder Rollkörper vorgesehen ist. An dem zweiten Ende des Pendelarmes ist dieser gelenkig mit der Vorrichtung verbunden. Diese Verbindung kann bei einem elastischen Pendelstab eine Einspannung sein, vorzugsweise ist jedoch eine drehbeweglich gelenkige Lagerung vorgesehen. Eine große Auslenkung des Gleit- oder Rollkörpers bei gleichzeitig geringem Federweg des Federelements wird erreicht, indem das Federelement nah an oder in der Verbindungsstelle des Pendelstabes mit der Vorrichtung angeordnet ist.A preferred embodiment of the support means is a vertically oriented, ie parallel to the underwater structure pendulum arm, at one end of which is provided on the underwater structure adjacent sliding or rolling body. At the second end of the pendulum arm this is pivotally connected to the device. This compound may be a restraint in an elastic pendulum rod, but preferably a rotatably articulated mounting is provided. A large deflection of the sliding or rolling body at the same time low spring travel of the spring element is achieved by the spring element is arranged close to or in the junction of the pendulum rod with the device.
Die wesentlichen strukturellen Teile einer derartigen Vorrichtung, insbesondere der Halteeinrichtung und/oder der Auffangeinrichtung und/oder des Transportgehäuses, bestehen aus Hohlkörperstrukturen, beispielsweise Rohren. Dabei hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die Hohlkörperstrukturen der Halteeinrichtung und/oder der Auffangeinrichtung und/oder des Transportgehäuses in ihren Innenräumen mit einem Dämpfungsmittel und/oder mit Schallminderungselementen gefüllt sind. Hierdurch wird eine Übertragung oder gar Verstärkung des Hydroschalles durch die Hohlkörperstrukturen reduziert beziehungsweise unterbunden. Das Dämpfungsmittel hat ein hohes Dämpfungsvermögen und ist beispielsweise ein elastischer Schaum oder eine zähflüssige Masse, wie Bitumen. Als besonders günstig erwiesen hat es sich, dass das Dämpfungsmittel aus einer nicht oder nur unwesentlich kompressiblen Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise Wasser oder Öl, und aus einem in dieser Flüssigkeit nicht lösbaren, schüttfähigen oder rieselfähigen Feststoff, beispielsweise Sand, besteht und eine dickflüssige Masse darstellt. Dabei ist es besonders günstig, dass der Feststoff in einer einheitlichen Korngröße, beispielsweise als Quarzsand, vorliegt. Hierdurch wird eine Verdichtung des Feststoffes beziehungsweise des Dämpfungsmittels verhindert.The essential structural parts of such a device, in particular the holding device and / or the collecting device and / or the transport housing, consist of hollow body structures, for example tubes. It has proven to be advantageous that the hollow body structures of the holding device and / or the collecting device and / or the transport housing are filled in their interiors with a damping means and / or with sound-reducing elements. As a result, transmission or even amplification of the hydrophone by the hollow body structures is reduced or prevented. The damping means has a high damping capacity and is for example an elastic foam or a viscous mass, such as bitumen. It has proved to be particularly favorable that the damping agent consists of a liquid which is not or only slightly compressible, for example water or oil, and from a non-dissolvable in this liquid, free-flowing or free-flowing solid, such as sand, and is a viscous mass. It is particularly advantageous that the solid is present in a uniform grain size, for example as quartz sand. As a result, a compression of the solid or the damping agent is prevented.
Durch eine Hohlkörperstruktur, bei der wenigstens ein Innenraum der Hohlkörperstruktur mit einem Dämpfungsmittel und/oder mit Schallminderungselementen gefüllt ist, wird die in diesen Hohlkörper eingeleitete oder in dem Hohlkörper erzeugte Körperschwingung gedämpft. Eine Verstärkung oder eine Weiterleitung der Schwingung wird hierdurch gemindert oder unterbunden. Der mit dem Dämpfungsmittel gefüllte Innenraum ist durch eine einzige Wand vom umgebenden Wasser getrennt. Der mit dem Dämpfungsmittel gefüllte Innenraum ist somit, insbesondere bei einer Hohlkörperstruktur mit mehreren, voneinander getrennten Innenräumen der zum Wasser außenliegende Innenraum.Through a hollow body structure, in which at least one interior of the hollow body structure is filled with a damping means and / or with sound-reducing elements, the body vibration introduced into this hollow body or produced in the hollow body is damped. A gain or a forwarding of the vibration is thereby reduced or prevented. The filled with the damping means interior is separated by a single wall from the surrounding water. The filled with the damping means interior is thus, in particular in a hollow body structure with a plurality of separate internal spaces of the outside water to the interior.
Vorzugsweise ist eine Dämpfungseinrichtung vorgesehen, welche aus einem elastischen, geschlossenporigen Schaumstoff besteht, dessen Poren mit einem kompressiblen Stoff gefüllt sind, wobei die Dämpfungseinrichtung an dem Rammhammer beziehungsweise im Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Rammhammer und einem von dem Rammhammer zu bearbeitenden Gegenstand angeordnet ist. Beim Rammen eines Pfahles mit rundem Querschnitt hat die Dämpfungseinrichtung vorzugsweise die Form eines Ringes, welcher im Kontaktbereich von Rammhammer und Pfahl, also am oberen Ende des Pfahles oder an der Unterseite des Rammhammers, positioniert ist und den Pfahl mantelseitig umschließt.Preferably, a damping device is provided, which consists of an elastic, closed-cell foam whose pores are filled with a compressible material, wherein the damping device is arranged on the pile hammer or in the contact region between the pile hammer and an object to be processed by the pile hammer. When ramming a pile with a round cross-section, the damping device preferably has the shape of a ring, which is positioned in the contact region of the pile hammer and pile, ie at the upper end of the pile or on the underside of the pile hammer, and surrounds the pile shell side.
Beim Rammen wird der Rammhammer innerhalb von ca. 0,01 s um ca. 1 cm nach unten verschoben. Üblicherweise wird das an der über den Pfahl hinausragenden ringförmigen Unterkante des Rammhammers befindliche Wasser von dieser Bewegung schlagartig verdrängt, wobei eine Hydroschallwelle entsteht. Ein unter dem Rammhammer und/oder um den Pfahl angeordneter weicher, elastischer Ring aus einem Schaumstoff als Dämpfungseinrichtung fängt diese schlagartige Bewegung auf, weil er zwischen dem Wasser und dem Rammhammer komprimiert wird. Anschließend dehnt sich die Dämpfungseinrichtung wieder aus und gibt die aufgenommene Bewegungsenergie bei dem elastischen Rückstellen langsam und abgemindert an das Wasser ab.During ramming, the pile hammer is displaced downwards by approx. 1 cm within approx. 0.01 s. Usually, the water present at the annular lower edge of the pile hammer projecting beyond the pile is abruptly displaced by this movement, a hydro-sound wave being produced. An under the pile hammer and / or around the pile arranged soft, elastic ring of a foam as a damping device catches this sudden movement because it is compressed between the water and the hammer. Subsequently, the damping device expands again and gives the absorbed kinetic energy in the elastic recovery slowly and reduced to the water.
Eine besondere Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die ringförmige Dämpfungseinrichtung unter Auftrieb steht. Dabei entspricht der Innendurchmesser der Dämpfungseinrichtung dem Pfahldurchmesser und/oder der Außendurchmesser der Dämpfungseinrichtung dem Durchmesser des Rammhammers. Bei einem Pfahldurchmesser von zum Beispiel 6 m ist für die Dämpfungseinrichtung ein Querschnitt von etwa 30 cm x 30 cm vorgesehen. Die Dämpfungseinrichtung kann mit der Auffangeinrichtung verbunden sein und beim Erreichen des Rammhammers das weitere Aufsteigen der Auffangeinrichtung verhindern.A particular embodiment provides that the annular damping device is under buoyancy. In this case, the inner diameter of the damping device corresponds to the pile diameter and / or the outer diameter of the damping device Diameter of the hammer. With a pile diameter of, for example, 6 m, a cross-section of approximately 30 cm × 30 cm is provided for the damping device. The damping device may be connected to the collecting device and prevent the further rising of the collecting device when reaching the hammer.
Die Erfindung lässt verschiedene Ausführungsformen zu. Zur weiteren Verdeutlichung ihres Grundprinzips ist eine davon in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Diese zeigt in
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung auf einem Schiff;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung der in
Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung mit einem Hydroschalldämpfer in einer ersten Funktionsstellung; - Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung der in
Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung mit einem Hydroschalldämpfer in einer zweiten Funktionsstellung; - Fig. 4a
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausschnittes der in
Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung mit einer Dämpfungseinrichtung; - Fig. 4b
- eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Ausschnittes der in
Figur 4a gezeigten Dämpfungseinrichtung; - Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Draufsicht auf ein Transportgehäuse der in
Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung; - Fig. 6
- eine schematische Schnittdarstellung des in
gezeigten Transportgehäuses.Figur 5
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a device according to the invention on a ship;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic representation of in
FIG. 1 shown device with a hydraulic muffler in a first functional position; - Fig. 3
- a schematic representation of in
FIG. 1 shown device with a hydraulic muffler in a second functional position; - Fig. 4a
- a schematic representation of a section of in
FIG. 1 shown device with a damping device; - Fig. 4b
- a schematic sectional view of a section of in
FIG. 4a shown damping device; - Fig. 5
- a schematic representation of a plan view of a transport housing of in
FIG. 1 shown device; - Fig. 6
- a schematic sectional view of the in
FIG. 5 shown transport housing.
Die Figuren zeigen eine Vorrichtung 1 zur Minderung von Wasserschall und/oder zur Handhabung wenigstens eines Hydroschalldämpfers 2, insbesondere bei einer Unterwasserstruktur 4. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform wird die Vorrichtung 1 im Bereich einer Offshore-Baustelle, insbesondere bei einem in den Meeresboden 3 einzubringenden Pfahl 4 als Unterwasserstruktur eingesetzt. Die Vorrichtung 1 besteht wenigstens aus einer Halteeinrichtung 5 und wenigstens einem Hydroschalldämpfer 2, wobei der Hydroschalldämpfer 2 eine Trägerstruktur 6 und daran befestigte Schallminderungselemente 7 umfasst. Die Vorrichtung 1 besteht weiterhin aus einem Transportgehäuse 8 zur Aufbewahrung und zum Transport wenigstens eines in einer zusammengezogenen ersten Funktionsstellung befindlichen Hydroschalldämpfers 2. An dem Transportgehäuse 8 ist ein erstes Ende des Hydroschalldämpfers 2 befestigt. Das Transportgehäuse 8 ist über eine Tragvorrichtung 9 mit der Halteeinrichtung 5 verbunden und relativ zu der Tragvorrichtung 9 beweglich. Die Tragvorrichtung 9 umfasst zumindest mehrere Seilwinden, jeweils mit einem Tragseil 10 und einer motorisch angetriebenen Trommel 11. Die Trommeln 11 sind an dem Transportgehäuse 8 befestigt und für den Einsatz im Wasser 12 vorgesehen. Der Hydroschalldämpfer 2 weist mehrere Verbindungsmittel 13 auf, welche beweglich an dem Tragseil 10 angeordnet sind. Da die Trommel 11 im Wasser 12, insbesondere an oder unter dem Transportgehäuse 8 positioniert ist, können sich die Verbindungsmittel 13 nicht mit dem Befestigungsbeschlag am freien Ende des Tragseiles 10 verhaken. Eine problemfreie und ungehinderte Bewegung des Hydroschalldämpfers 2 entlang des Tragseiles 10 ist so möglich.The figures show a device 1 for reducing waterborne noise and / or for handling at least one
In den
Die
Die
Das Transportgehäuse 8 ist über vier Tragseile 10 gehalten. Für jedes der Tragseile 10 ist eine Trommel 11 vorgesehen, wobei die vier Trommeln 11 unterhalb eines Aufnahmeraumes 23 für den Hydroschalldämpfer 2 angeordnet sind. Einige, insbesondere die äußeren Ausfachungen des Rahmentragwerkes, sind durch Netze 24 mit Schallminderungselementen 7 in der Art eines Hydroschalldämpfers 2 abgedeckt. Um zu vermeiden, dass der im Aufnahmeraum 23 angeordnete Hydroschalldämpfer 2 an den Rohren 22 des Rahmentragwerkes verhakt, sind die inneren Begrenzungen des Aufnahmeraumes 23 mit einfachen, also ohne Schallminderungselemente 7 ausgestatteten, engmaschigen Netzen 24 verkleidet.The
Das dargestellte Transportgehäuse 8 ist für den Einsatz beim Überwasserrammen vorgesehen. Beim Überwasserrammen ragt der zu rammende Pfahl 4 stets über die Wasseroberfläche 19 hinaus. Der im Wasser 12 ausgebreitete Hydroschalldämpfer 2 muss nicht an dem Arbeitswerkzeug 16 vorbeibewegt werden, kann also an diesem nicht verhaken. Ein an der Wasseroberfläche 19 aufgetriebener Hydroschalldämpfer 2 wird beim Anheben des Transportgehäuses 8 problemlos in den Aufnahmeraum 23 aufgenommen. Für einen gleichmäßigen Abstand des Transportgehäuses 8 zu dem Pfahl 4 sind hier acht Stützeinrichtungen 20 vorgesehen. Jede der Stützeinrichtungen 20 besteht aus einem Rollkörper 25, welcher an einem Federelement 26 elastisch gelagert ist.The illustrated
Claims (9)
- Device (1) for reducing waterborne sound, wherein the device (1) has at least one holding device (5) and at least one hydro sound damper (2) comprising a support structure (6) and sound-reducing elements (7) attached thereon, wherein the device (1) has a transport housing (8) for storing and transporting at least one hydro sound damper (2) which is located in a contracted functioning position, wherein a first end of the hydro sound damper (2) is attached to the transport housing (8), and the transport housing (8) is connected by a support device (9) to the holding device (5), which is connected to a working apparatus (16), and is movable relative thereto, wherein the support device (9) comprises at least one cable winch with a support cable (10) and/or a motor-driven drum (11), characterized in that at least one cable winch and/or the drum (11) is attached to the transport housing (8).
- Device (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hydro sound damper (2) has at its first end and/or at its second end and/or at at least one point between the first and the second end a connecting means (13) which is arranged movably on the support cable (10) .
- Device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding device (5) is connected to a working apparatus (16) or is held independently of a working apparatus (16), more particularly on a mechanism, such as a gripper or a guide device or a crossbar, provided for handling the pile (4).
- Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) comprises a retention unit (18) which is orientated towards the transport housing (8) and which is set up in particular for arrangement on the holding device (5) .
- Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second end of the hydro sound damper (2) is fastened on the holding device (5) or on the retention unit (18).
- Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) comprises a further cable winch with a control cable and a motor-driven winder as a deployment unit, wherein the second end of the hydro sound damper (2) or the retention unit (18) is fastened on the free end of the control cable and the winder is arranged on the transport housing (8).
- Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sound-reducing elements (7) are arranged on one of the outer sides of the retention unit (18) and/or the transport housing (8) .
- Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding device (5) and/or the transport housing (8) and/or the retention unit (18) and/or at least one connecting means (13) comprise/s several support mechanisms (20) which are mounted movably on the holding device (5) and/or the transport housing (8) and/or the retention unit (18) and/or one of the connecting means (13), and can be deflected against an underwater structure (4) by means of a spring element (26).
- Device (1) as claimed at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding device (5) and/or the retention unit (18) and/or the transport housing (8) consist/s of hollow body structures which are filled in their interior spaces with a damping agent and/or with sound-reducing elements (7).
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PL15401031T PL2937466T3 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2015-04-22 | Device for mitigating under-water sound |
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PCT/DE2015/100167 WO2015161843A1 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2015-04-20 | Device for reducing underwater sound |
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EP2937466B1 true EP2937466B1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
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NL2035366A (en) | 2023-07-13 | 2024-05-30 | Tme B V | Noise mitigation system and method for mitigating underwater sound emissions from a source of sound |
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JP6333997B2 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2018-05-30 | ウォクナー、マーク、エス. | Underwater noise reduction device and deployment system |
NL2014069B1 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-10-12 | Ihc Holland Ie Bv | Noise mitigation system |
NL2018257B1 (en) * | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-14 | Ihc Holland Ie Bv | System for use with a crane on a surface vessel |
DE102017117552B4 (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2023-06-29 | Karl-Heinz ELMER | Watercraft and compressed air distribution device |
WO2020023970A1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-01-30 | Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. | End caps for stormwater chambers and methods of making same |
NL2022051B1 (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-05 | Ihc Holland Ie Bv | A pile driving system |
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FR2885919B1 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-10-24 | Saipem S A Sa | SOFT DEVICE DAMPER FOR MOVING WATER |
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WO2007150028A2 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-27 | Gunderboom, Inc. | Sound attenuating sleeve for use on a piling |
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NL2003073C2 (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-27 | Ihc Holland Ie Bv | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REDUCING SOUND. |
NL2003656C2 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-19 | Ihc Holland Ie Bv | COMPOSITION OF TELESCOPIC PIPES. |
US8387746B2 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-03-05 | John Parkin | Systems and methods for the reduction of underwater acoustical noise |
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PT2831342T (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2018-07-30 | Karl Heinz Elmer | Method for handling a hydro sound absorber, and device for reducing underwater noise |
JP6333997B2 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2018-05-30 | ウォクナー、マーク、エス. | Underwater noise reduction device and deployment system |
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NL2035366A (en) | 2023-07-13 | 2024-05-30 | Tme B V | Noise mitigation system and method for mitigating underwater sound emissions from a source of sound |
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CA2945683C (en) | 2019-01-29 |
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US10344442B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
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