EP2936664A2 - Machine électrique - Google Patents

Machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2936664A2
EP2936664A2 EP13819017.8A EP13819017A EP2936664A2 EP 2936664 A2 EP2936664 A2 EP 2936664A2 EP 13819017 A EP13819017 A EP 13819017A EP 2936664 A2 EP2936664 A2 EP 2936664A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
ratio
pole
stator iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13819017.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gert Wolf
Gerlinde Weber
Alexander Shendi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2936664A2 publication Critical patent/EP2936664A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
    • H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
    • H02K21/044—Rotor of the claw pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • an electric machine which is designed as a so-called claw pole generator.
  • This electrical machine has a stator and a rotor, wherein adjacently arranged on the circumference of the rotor, differently polarized exciter poles or claw poles generate a stator voltage in a stator winding of the stator during rotational movement.
  • the excitation poles of this machine are designed as so-called claw poles.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve a significant reduction of the copper mass of an electrical machine. Maintaining the efficiency and power output reduces both the weight of the field winding and the weight of the stator winding. In addition, the power density can be increased significantly.
  • 2 is a side view of a stand iron
  • 3 is a schematic view of a developed outer circumference of the rotor
  • FIG. 4A shows a profile of the open circuit voltage and a full load current as a function of a variable design ratio of the machine
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a winding head and its coverage by a fan
  • FIG. 6 is a side view of a groove of a stand
  • Fig. 8 is another diagram in which the normalized output current at 1800
  • FIG. 10 is a graph in which a ratio of a discharge current at 1800 / min is related to a ratio of stator iron geometries.
  • 11 is a graph plotting a ratio of current and copper mass applied over a ratio of the axial length of the stator core and the axial axial length of the electromagnetic path. description
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an electric machine 10, here in the embodiment as a generator or alternator, in particular three-phase alternator for motor vehicles, is shown.
  • This machine could work with a corresponding control but also as a starter generator.
  • This electric machine 10 has u. a. a two-part housing 13, which includes a first end plate 13.1 and a second end plate 13.2.
  • the bearing plate 13.1 and the bearing plate 13.2 take in a so-called stator 16, which comprises a substantially annular stator iron 17, in which radially inwardly directed, axially extending grooves, a stator winding 18 is inserted.
  • This annular stator 16 surrounds with its radially inwardly directed grooved surface, which is an electromagnetically effective surface 19, a rotor 20 which is formed here, for example, as a claw-pole rotor.
  • the rotor 20 includes u. a. two pole plates 22 and 23, on the outer periphery of each extending in the axial direction Klauenpolfinger are arranged as electromagnetically poleable claw poles 24 and 25. Both Polplatinen 22 and 23 are arranged in the rotor 20 such that their axially extending claw poles 24 and 25 on the circumference of the rotor 20 alternate with each other. Accordingly, the rotor 20 also has an electromagnetically active surface 26. Magnetically required interspaces 21, which are also referred to herein as claw pole interspaces, are produced by the claw poles 24 and 25, which alternate at the circumference.
  • the rotor 20 is rotatably supported in the respective end shields 13.1 and 13.2, respectively, by means of a shaft 27 and one respective rolling bearing 28 located on each side of the rotor.
  • the rotor 20 has a total of two axial end faces, on each of which a fan 30 is attached.
  • This fan 30 consists essentially of a plate-shaped or disc-shaped portion, emanating from the fan blades in a known manner.
  • These fans 30 serve, via openings 40 in the end shields 13.1 and 13.2, to allow an exchange of air, for example, from an axial end face of the electric machine 10 through the interior of the electric machine 10 to a radially outer environment.
  • the openings 40 are substantially at the axial En- the bearing plates 13.1 and 13.2 is provided, via which 30 cooling air is sucked into the interior of the electric machine 10 by means of the fan.
  • This cooling air is accelerated by the rotation of the fan 30 radially outward, so that they can pass through the permeable for cooling air substantially annular winding head 45. By this effect, the winding head 45 is cooled.
  • the cooling air decreases after the
  • this protective cap 47 covers, for example, a so-called slip ring assembly 49, which serves to supply a field winding 51 with exciter current.
  • a heat sink 53 Around this slip ring assembly 49 around a heat sink 53 is arranged, which acts as a positive heat sink here.
  • This plus heat sink is called a plus heat sink because it is electrically conductively connected to a positive pole of a rechargeable battery (eg starter power supply).
  • a so-called minus heat sink the bearing plate acts 13.2.
  • connection plate 56 which serves to connect arranged in the bearing plate 13.2 minus diodes 58 and not shown here in this illustration plus diodes in the heat sink 53 together and thus represent a known bridge circuit.
  • an electric machine 10 with a stator 16 which has a stator iron 17, disclosed.
  • the stator iron 17 has a substantially cylindrical opening 60 with a central axis 63, see also Figure 2.
  • the opening 60 receives the rotor 20 on.
  • the stator iron 17 has an axial length L17a and the stator iron 17 holds the stator winding 18.
  • the stator iron 17 has an inner diameter D17i and an outer diameter D17a.
  • the rotor 20 has a rotation axis 66 which coincides with the central axis 63 in the mounted state.
  • the rotor 20 has an axial end face 69, on which a fan 30 with fan blades 72 is arranged.
  • the fan is rotatably connected to the rotor 20 - preferably directly - connected.
  • the rotor 20 has an electromagnetically energizable path 75, which has a pole core 78, to each of which a rotatable ends 80, 82 each pole plate 22, 23 connects: From a pole plate 22 go out claw poles 24, which have a north polarity and From the other pole plate 23 go claw poles 25, which have a south polarity, with the claw poles 24 and 25 alternate at the periphery of the rotor 20 to Nordpolarmaschine and Südpolarmaschine.
  • the pole core 78 arranged radially inside the claw poles 24, 25 has a rotational axial length L78.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a developed outer circumference of the rotor 20.
  • the trapezoidal surfaces 84 and 85 of the claw poles 24 and 25 can be seen, which conduct the electromagnetic flux above it as an interface of the rotor 20 to the interfaces on teeth of the stator 16 and from there.
  • the rotor 20 has an already mentioned, a longitudinal direction 86 having gap 21 between two adjacent opposite pole claw poles 24, 25.
  • the longitudinal direction 86 coincides with a center line between the claw poles 24 and 25. Is the gap, for example, parallel to each other side surfaces of the claw poles
  • the center line extends in the middle between the side surfaces of the claw poles 24 and 25.
  • the permanent magnet device 88 has a length L88 in the longitudinal direction 86 of the gap 21 (excluding magnetically non-active portions such as holding elements).
  • the permanent magnetic device 88 is used to compensate for an electromagnetic or magnetic leakage flux between a claw pole 24 with north polarity and a claw pole 25 with south polarity. It is envisaged that a ratio of the length L88 of the permanent magnet device 88 and the rotational axial length L78 of the pole core is greater than 1.3. That is, tips 123 and 124 of the claw poles 24 and 25 protrude into spaces 89 and 91 of common pole claw poles 130 and 131, respectively.
  • a tip 123 of a north pole claw pole 124 protrudes between two claw pole roots 131 of two south pole claw poles 125.
  • a claw pole root is here based on the volume rich limited, which connects in the axial direction of a cantilevered portion of a claw pole 124, 125.
  • FIG. 4A A corresponding diagram is shown in FIG. 4A, which was simulated taking into account permanent magnets.
  • the relationship of L88 / L78 shows the course of the generated current IG at full load and a rotational speed of the rotor of 1800 / min
  • this diagram shows the course of the induced voltage Ui at idle and an excitation current IE of zero amperes in the stator winding 18 at 18000 / min.
  • the desired minimum ratio of L88 / L78 of 1.3 is due to the inflection point of the course of the induced voltage Ui.
  • the desired preferred ratio of L88 / L78 of greater than 1.6 is due to the onset of sharp drop in the course of the induced voltage Ui.
  • a ratio of the length L88 of the permanent magnet device 88 and the rotational axial length L78 of the pole core 78 is greater than 1.6.
  • the stator winding 18 has a winding head 45 which has a wire connection 93 which is guided away from the stator iron 17 over a rotational axial length L93 and back to it. If the considered wire connection 93 is the furthest projecting wire connection 93, FIG. 5, this is simultaneously the rotational axial length of the winding overhang L45.
  • the fan 30 is arranged radially within the winding head 45, Fig. 1 and Fig. 5.
  • the winding head 45 and the fan 30 together in navaxialer direction covered area over the length L45a and thereby a proportion of the fan 30 navaxial covered length L93 of Wire connection 93 should be greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.7.
  • the ratio of L45a to L45 or L45a to L93 should therefore be greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.7.
  • the stator winding 18 is inserted into radially inwardly open grooves 96 of the stator iron, Figure 6.
  • an electromagnetically effective surface 100 of the groove 96 is defined.
  • the surface 100 is through the teeth 103 and the groove bottom 106 in the direction of Yoke 109 limited.
  • a surface 110 in the slot groove 112 between the two tooth heads 115 is disregarded, since in this construction, this space is not provided for the arrangement of a winding.
  • a phase or strand winding comprises.
  • the winding arrangement 117 has at least one wire cross section 120 with an electrically effective
  • Wire cross-sectional area A120 and thus all wire cross-sections (120) in a groove (96) and the electromagnetically active surface 100 is less than 0.5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a diagram in which the arithmetic ratio specified for different variants of D17i and D17a is shown on the x-axis (D17i / D17a).
  • the pole core 78 has a diameter D78 and a rotational axial length L78.
  • the right labeled y-axis of Figure 7 indicates the assumed for many variants ratio of L78 and D78.
  • various ratios have been found to be favorable:
  • a ratio of the axial length L78 of the pole core 78 and the diameter D78 of the pole core 78 should be between 0.21 and 0.36, preferably between 0.225 and 0.348 and more preferably between 0 , 25 and 0.33.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter D17i of the stator iron 17 and the outer diameter D17a of the stator iron 17 should be greater than 0.788 and less than 0.854, preferably greater than 0.795 and less than 0.848, and more preferably between 0.802 and 0.841. a. FIG. 7, which was simulated without consideration of permanent magnets.
  • the electromagnetic path 75 between two mutually remote sides 69, 90 of the pole plates 22, 23 has the navaxiale length L75, wherein the ratio of the axial length L17a of the stator iron 17 and the rotational axial length L75 of the electromagnetic path 75 of the rotor 20 is between 0.68 and 1.0, preferably between 0.70 and 0.95, Figure 8.
  • This figure was simulated without regard to permanent magnets.
  • a ratio of the diameter D17i and the rotational axial length L78 of the pole core 78 is greater than 5.0.
  • stator iron 17 is shown in a further enlarged end view.
  • the stator iron 17 holds - as already mentioned - the stator winding 18, which is received in radially inwardly open grooves 96.
  • Each groove 96 is bounded by a respective tooth 103 in both circumferential directions, wherein the teeth 103 have a minimum tooth width B103 in the circumferential direction and a tooth height H103 in the radial direction.
  • the ratio of the tooth height H103 and a minimum tooth width B103 should apply a range of 0.45 to 1.02.
  • a range of 0.53 to 0.96 apply, Figure 10. This figure was simulated without taking into account permanent magnets.
  • a ratio of the axial length L17a of the stator iron 17 and the rotational axial length L78 of the pole core 78 is greater than 1.8 and less than 2.68, preferably greater than 1, 9 and less than 2.42, Figure 11. This figure was simulated without regard to permanent magnets.
  • the pole core 78 can be defined in various ways: The variant shown in Figure 1 is a ring-cylindrical pole core 78 which is pushed onto the shaft 27 and is separated from the pole plates 22, 23. Another known construction provides a pole core 78, which is made of two corresponding approaches, of which one is integrally formed on the pole plates 22, 23. By sliding on the shaft 27, wherein the two approaches are facing each other, an equivalent pole core 78 is generated.
  • the Polkernate L78 here is the sum of the lubaxialen lengths of the approaches
  • the number of wire cross sections 120 per groove is exactly four.
  • the interstices 21 should, if possible, be completely filled or filled with one or more permanent magnets as part of the permanent magnetic device 88.
  • the one or more permanent magnets should be arranged centrally in the rotational axial direction between the tips 123 and 124 of the claw poles 24 and 25.
  • the side surfaces 127 and 128 visible, for example, in FIG. 1 - preferably from the tips 123 and 124 to the claw-pole roots 130 and 131 of the claw poles 24 and 25 for receiving one or more permanent magnets, either without cutting or machining, in particular Continuous longitudinal direction 86 of the gap 21, are processed.
  • a holding element is provided as a mechanical intermediate piece between a permanent magnet and a claw pole 24 and 25, which is fastened to the claw pole 24 and / or 25 and itself serves to hold a permanent magnet.
  • the holding element may be arranged in grooves individually in one piece between two claw poles 24 and / or 25 or be a collecting holder which holds a plurality of permanent magnets in different spaces 21. As a collection holder this can be shaped annular or meandering in the radial and / or axial direction.
  • the permanent magnets themselves can be less - for example, only half and here z. B. only in every other gap 21 - but also twice as many as the number of claw poles 24 and 25 be.
  • the permanent magnets can be made of ferrites or of rare earths.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique (10) comprenant un rotor (20) qui possède un axe de rotation (66) et qui comprend une voie (75) à excitation électromagnétique présentant une face axiale (69) sur laquelle se trouve un ventilateur (30) qui est doté de pales de ventilateur (72) et qui est accouplé solidaire en rotation au rotor (20), laquelle voie (75) à excitation électromagnétique présente un noyau polaire (78) qui présente une longueur de noyau polaire (L78) axiale en rotation et auquel une platine polaire (22, 23) est respectivement raccordée aux deux extrémités (80, 82) axiales en rotation. Des pôles à griffes (24) de polarité nord font saillie d'une platine polaire (22) et des pôles à griffes (25) de polarité sud font saillie de l'autre platine polaire (23). À la périphérie du rotor (20), les pôles à griffes (24, 25) alternent entre polarité nord et polarité sud. Ladite machine électrique comprend également un stator (16) qui présente un fer de stator (17) comprenant une ouverture (60) sensiblement cylindrique avec un axe central (63), laquelle ouverture (60) reçoit le rotor (20). Le fer de stator (17) présente une longueur axiale (L17a) et maintient un enroulement statorique (18) qui est reçu dans des rainures (96) ouvertes dans une direction radialement intérieure. Chaque rainure (96) est respectivement délimitée dans les deux directions circonférentielles par une dent (103). Les dents (103) présentent dans la direction circonférentielle une largeur de dent minimale (B103) et dans la direction radiale une hauteur de dent (H103). Le rapport entre la hauteur de dent (H103) et une largeur de dent minimale (B103) est situé entre 0,45 et 1,02.
EP13819017.8A 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Machine électrique Withdrawn EP2936664A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012223701.1A DE102012223701A1 (de) 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Elektrische Maschine
PCT/EP2013/077214 WO2014096085A2 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Machine électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2936664A2 true EP2936664A2 (fr) 2015-10-28

Family

ID=49949631

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13819017.8A Withdrawn EP2936664A2 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-12-18 Machine électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2936664A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN104969458B (fr)
BR (1) BR112015014604A8 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012223701A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014096085A2 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106655678A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-05-10 陈元臣 新型高效双励磁无刷发电机
CN106877606B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2023-10-13 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种车用交流发电机
CN106877605B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2023-07-21 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种车用交流发电机
CN106899157B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2023-07-18 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种车用交流发电机
CN107070149B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2023-07-25 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种车用交流发电机
CN106936280B (zh) * 2017-04-28 2023-07-25 上海法雷奥汽车电器系统有限公司 一种车用交流发电机
JP6494827B1 (ja) * 2018-03-05 2019-04-03 三菱電機株式会社 回転電機

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JPH0511769U (ja) * 1991-07-19 1993-02-12 三菱電機株式会社 車両用交流発電機
JPH08182274A (ja) * 1994-12-20 1996-07-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 誘導モータ
DE69801475T2 (de) * 1997-09-26 2002-05-16 Denso Corp Kraftfahrzeuggenerator
JP2001103721A (ja) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-13 Hitachi Ltd 車両用交流発電機
JP3593038B2 (ja) * 2001-01-16 2004-11-24 三菱電機株式会社 車両用交流発電機
CN1374732A (zh) * 2001-03-13 2002-10-16 刘粤荣 一种磁激谐振式旋转电机
US6903485B2 (en) * 2003-05-21 2005-06-07 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Claw-pole alternator with non-uniform air gap
DE102004041510A1 (de) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Drehstromgenerator
US7692350B2 (en) * 2007-02-28 2010-04-06 Emerson Electric Co. Horizontal axis washing machine having 4 pole 36 slot motor
DE102007036314A1 (de) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine
US8390167B2 (en) * 2007-11-22 2013-03-05 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014096085A3 (fr) 2015-03-19
WO2014096085A2 (fr) 2014-06-26
CN104969458A (zh) 2015-10-07
BR112015014604A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
BR112015014604A8 (pt) 2018-08-14
DE102012223701A1 (de) 2014-06-26
CN104969458B (zh) 2018-06-01

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