EP2936126A1 - Method and measuring device for measuring constituents and/or properties of a product - Google Patents
Method and measuring device for measuring constituents and/or properties of a productInfo
- Publication number
- EP2936126A1 EP2936126A1 EP13811914.4A EP13811914A EP2936126A1 EP 2936126 A1 EP2936126 A1 EP 2936126A1 EP 13811914 A EP13811914 A EP 13811914A EP 2936126 A1 EP2936126 A1 EP 2936126A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- light
- measuring
- measuring device
- detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 101100447964 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FOL2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150052370 fol1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150057861 fol3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for measuring contents of substances and / or properties of a product such as crop by means of a measuring device, wherein a relative movement between the product and the measuring device is generated, wherein the product is acted upon by means of at least one light source with light, wherein the light reflected by the product is detected by at least one detector, being evaluated at the at least one detector corresponding signals which correspond to the intensity in a specific wavelength range of the light reflected light, and to a measuring device for measuring contents substances and / or properties of a product such Crop material comprising a measuring head, along which the product moves, wherein in the measuring head at least one light source for emitting light to the product and at least one detector for detecting the light reflected from the product is arranged and an evaluation and Signalver Processing device for detecting and processing a signal applied to the at least one detector signal, which corresponds to the intensity at least in a certain wavelength range of the light reflected light.
- the measuring device comprises an optical spectrometer, which detects the intensity of harvested material of reflected light wavelength-resolved.
- the crop is subjected to broadband (so-called white) light.
- the individual light-excited vibration modes of the ingredients of the crop to be detected (which have an effect through absorption, scattering or extinction), or for measuring the parameters of the crop itself, can be recorded and the measured data can be fed to a suitable evaluation device which indicates the respective content calculated the ingredients of interest or the parameters in a conventional manner.
- the measuring device comprises the visible wave or near infrared spectrometer, which measures the intensity of the crop reflected, reflected broadband light wavelength resolved.
- the spectrometer has a lamp arranged directly adjacent to the crop, which acts on the crop with white light. Furthermore, the spectrometer has a sensor which has a housing, a dispersive element arranged in the housing which reflects light from the crop in wavelength-dependent directions, and a detector arranged in the housing with photosensitive elements arranged side by side, the output signal of the elements of the detector corresponds to intensity received in a particular light wave range.
- Known measuring devices measure the humidity z. On near infrared emission of a region on a surface of the crop. This area is detected as a whole and not spatially resolved, so that an average of the reflected light forms, which enters the detector.
- the method is disadvantageous since individual surface areas - holes and structures - can lead to a falsification of the measured value.
- Harvested goods in the agricultural sector must be examined with regard to their recyclable material content.
- a harvester or other used for harvesting equipment which usually harvested biological products by a cutting tool, shredded and an ejection shaft z. B. transported to a truck.
- the discharge chute may also lead to an integrated storage container.
- the value of the crop depends on the dry content or the residual water content. The more residual water is in the crop, the lower the logically, the dry content and thus the lower the value of the crop per total mass unit.
- the present invention has the object, a method and a measuring device of the type mentioned in such a way that in a compact and robust construction of the measuring device, an evaluation of the signals with little electronic effort is possible.
- the environment provided for this measurement can be described as follows:
- the measuring device must be installed on a mobile device and withstand shocks, dust and fluctuating temperatures. Therefore, the measuring device should be as simple and robust as possible.
- the measurement must also be fast, because the mobile device moves at about 0.5 to 15 km / h. Therefore, measured values must be emitted continuously until at least once per second.
- the object is u. a. This is achieved by scanning individual objects of the product in a defined focal plane by means of measurement points corresponding to the dimension of the objects, and by processing only signals of those objects of the product which are located in the defined focal plane.
- a broadband near-infrared detector is used, wherein a wavelength selection on the light emitting side, for example by using narrow-band LED s or other corresponding radiation sources in the measuring device takes place.
- the light sources are operated sequentially clocked. For example, three light sources of different wavelengths designed as infrared LEDs each successively emit a very short pulse focused on the measurement material. The radiation returned by the material to be measured is received by a single detector. By this embodiment, a particularly compact design is possible.
- the object is achieved according fiction, by a measuring device in that the measuring head defines a focal plane, along which moves individual objects of the product and scanned by the dimension of objects corresponding measurement points and that the evaluation and signal processing means an intensity setpoint comparator for Selection of those signals that are reflected by objects that are located in the defined focal plane.
- a transparent separating disk preferably made of sapphire, is advantageously used in order to protect LEDs and detectors from environmental influences. Focusing is designed so that a measuring zone is created directly above the window. The harvested crops are passed in particle form over the cutting disk and thus through the measuring zone. If holes in the material flow occur due to low density, so that the NIR pulses do not hit any measured material, this has a drastic effect on the detector signal and is recognized by the specially applied data processing and taken into account accordingly.
- an intensity discrimination is carried out by means of an intensity SOV value method in order to obtain distance information.
- Particles or other objects that are outside the focus range result in a significantly reduced detector signal. Since it is a punctiform measuring zone, the intensity of the detector signal is much lower when the NIR pulse hits no or a particle outside the measuring zone.
- Such processes can be scanned by means of an evaluation with a data rate up to megahertz. Even data streams of the order of magnitude mentioned can be received in simple electronic circuits, amplified and processed in microcontrollers. Also, complex mathematical relationships can be mapped in microcontrollers.
- z. B receive a data stream of 100 kHz and stored as a time series in an evaluation circuit such as microcontroller.
- the microcontroller examines the detector signals according to the emitted 2 to 5 wavelengths, determines the characteristic absorptions from this and uses correlation methods to determine, for example, the humidity.
- the moisture can be evaluated by the usual measurements of the extinction, the water bands in the near infrared.
- the wavelengths used for this purpose are known in the literature and can be described below in this invention.
- wavelengths are preferably to be applied around the range of 1470 nm. At higher water contents, this wavelength range is unfavorable. From a humidity of 80% or excess water on surfaces, the absorption is too strong, so that it goes into saturation.
- a wavelength range around 1200 nm to 1300 nm offers, which has weaker extinctions for water.
- At least one reference wavelength must be measured. This is done by using a wavelength of, for example, 1100 nm.
- wavelengths may be used.
- more than one reference wavelength must be used.
- wavelengths in the range around 1100 nm, 1300 nm, 1470 nm and 1700 nm.
- the corresponding exact wavelengths are known in the literature and not an integral part of the invention described herein.
- the speed with which the data is collected enables discrete scanning even of heavily rugged surfaces, such as the product carpet passing by.
- the intensity distribution of the backscattered light is recorded and assigned corresponding percentiles in intensity by means of a mathematical correlation of the density of the passing carpet.
- the highest intensities correspond to the particles in focus and thus to the surface of the passing product carpet.
- the 50 intensity value thus indicates this product at a certain depth. By reading the percentile of the 50 intensity value, it is thus possible to obtain depth information.
- the time series allows for further mathematical evaluations that can not be used in previously customary devices.
- a significant advantage of the invention described here is the punctiform scanning of the surface. Individual product points which can lead to errors are read out of the time series in mathematical algorithms and only the measuring points which precede the preliminary test can form an average which indicates the exact value of the moisture.
- boxplot filter Another filter to be used here is found in the literature under the name “boxplot filter”, in which the upper and lower portions of the distribution of the intensities are cut off, for example 20 in each case and 60% of the average values in the example. Further mathematical processing can be carried out, such as the mean or median value.
- the commonly used devices measure the humidity z. B. on near-infrared remission of a range from the surface. This area is not displayed spatially resolved, but the mean value of the light from the area reaches the detector.
- he is using the usual procedure in Near-infrared discrimination, eg. B. on the detection of two or more wavelengths or spectrometers up to 256 wavelengths.
- the method according to the invention scans the surface for individual points, although the measuring device itself has no moving parts.
- the fiction, contemporary device rather uses the proper motion of the product and is therefore extremely compact and robust to build. Only then can it be used on highly vibrating combine harvesters, forage harvesters and other mobile equipment.
- this is completed over a scratch-resistant surface with respect to the product space and tolerates in this design whatsoever whatsoever and also impinging product. The impacting product then tends to clean the surface.
- microwave namely to detect the moisture in the entire room and not only on the surface
- the product is cut and passed by the sensor in a random position.
- an automatic averaging is carried out over the entire product.
- the optical embodiments of the near-infrared radiation guide may be constructed in an application-adapted manner.
- the so-called. 45-0 - geometry Find application The lighting side is led at an angle of 45 ° to the product, the detection side at 0 °, ie perpendicular to the product, determines the humidity.
- the application can of course be reversed, so that the light beam is irradiated with 0 ° and the detection is 45 °.
- a 180 ° backscatter can be advantageous for the measurement.
- light is at an angle, z. B. 45 °, illuminated obliquely to the product and detected by the product remitted 180 ° light.
- Another embodiment may consist in a diffuse illumination.
- the light is shone onto the product at many or all angles of the rear half-space and arrives diffusely on the product surface. At an angle, z. B. 0 °, sits the detector along with imaging optics. This geometry is known in microscopy under diffuse incident light and can also be used here advantageously.
- the basic principle of fast sampling from one location point at a time and the possible mathematical discrimination and readout of the optimal measurement points can be applied in a variety of ways.
- Germanium detectors can also be used.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a measuring head
- FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the measuring head according to FIG. 2.
- the measuring device ME comprises a measuring head MK, along which the product P moves, wherein in the measuring head MK at least one light source LI, L2, L3 for emitting light to the product P and at least one detector D for detecting the product P reflected Light is arranged.
- the measuring head MK is equipped with an evaluation and signal processing device SVE for detecting and processing a on the connected to at least one detector D signal applied, which corresponds to the intensity at least in a certain wavelength range of light ⁇ , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 of the reflected light.
- the measuring head MK forms a focal plane FE, along which individual objects O of the product P move and are scanned by means of the dimension of the objects O corresponding measuring points MP.
- the evaluation and signal processing device SVE has an intensity setpoint comparator for the selection of those signals which are reflected by objects O, which are located in the defined focal plane FE.
- the measuring device ME has a single, broadband near-infrared detector D, which accepts all the wavelengths ⁇ , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 used in the measuring device ME, wherein a wavelength discrimination takes place on a light-emitting side of the measuring device ME.
- the measuring device ME has several, in the present embodiment, three light sources LI, L2, L3. These are operated in a clocked manner by means of a control unit STE, in order to successively transmit IR radiation with a respective wavelength ⁇ , ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 to the product P in the case of a sequential, respectively very short pulse.
- the light sources LI, L2, L3 are designed as infrared LEDs with integrated focusing optics FOL1, FOL2, FOL3 and each generate a measuring point MP lying in the focal plane.
- the return radiation is received by the single detector D.
- the detector D is associated with a focusing optics FOD such as lens, which is focused on the focusing level FE.
- the detector D is connected to a transimpedance amplifier TIV whose output is connected to an analog-to-digital converter AD.
- the digitized by the analog-to-digital converter AD signals are stored in a memory SP and processed in an intensity target value comparator ISV.
- Fig. 2 shows purely schematically the measuring head MK with a housing G and arranged in a housing wall transparent disc S, through which the Product P is illuminated.
- the housing G the light sources LI, L2, L3 and the detector D are arranged.
- the transparent pane S forms the focal plane FE, along which the objects O of the product P are moved.
- FIG. 1 A bottom view of the measuring head MK is shown in FIG.
- a frusto-conical recess A is mounted, with a peripheral edge R, which receives the disc S.
- the recess A Parallel to the plane spanned by the peripheral edge R, the recess A has a bottom surface BF, in which the detector D is arranged centrally.
- the light sources LI, L2, L3 are arranged in a circumferential edge surface RF. These run along optical axes OALl, OAL2, OAL3, which occupy an angle ⁇ of approximately 45 ° relative to an optical axis OAD of the detector D.
- the optical axes OAL1, OAL2, OAL3 and OAD intersect in the defined focal plane FE and form a measuring zone MZ with the measuring point MP.
- the data processing of the measuring device ME will be described below.
- the objects O of the product P such as harvested grasses or chips, pass through the measuring zone MZ, where they are separated from the light sources z. B. LI, L2, L3 pulsed illuminated with measuring points MP. The reflected infrared signal is received by the detector D. However, it must be ensured that the entire system only evaluates the objects O relevant for the measurement.
- a data stream of 100 kHz is received and designed as a time series in the memory SP as a microcontroller Evaluation and signal processing device SVE filed.
- the microcontroller examines a wavelength with low absorption by the occurring moisture. For the times in which the intensity of a received light signal corresponds to a target specification, ie the object O lies in the focal plane FE, the microcontroller searches for the information belonging to the second or second to third wavelength from the acquired data at this time. From these temporally related data, a humidity is determined by correlation. The moisture can be easily evaluated by the usual measurements of the extinction, the water bands in the near infrared.
- the light source LI emits light having a wavelength of 1400 nm
- the light source L2 emits light having a wavelength of 1200 nm
- the light source L3 emits light having a wavelength of 1050 nm.
- the optical embodiments of the near-infrared radiation guide may be constructed in an application-adapted manner.
- the so-called 45-0 geometry can be used.
- the illumination side is guided at 45 ° obliquely onto the product P, the detection side at 0 °, ie perpendicular to the product, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012112751.4A DE102012112751A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Method and measuring device for measuring ingredients and / or properties of a product |
PCT/EP2013/077220 WO2014096089A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-18 | Method and measuring device for measuring constituents and/or properties of a product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2936126A1 true EP2936126A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
Family
ID=49880757
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13811914.4A Withdrawn EP2936126A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-18 | Method and measuring device for measuring constituents and/or properties of a product |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2936126A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012112751A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014096089A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015106757A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Radiation-emitting optoelectronic component |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07155702A (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1995-06-20 | Satake Eng Co Ltd | Grain color sorting device |
DE19922867C5 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2015-04-23 | Deere & Company | Harvesting machine with a measuring device for measuring ingredients in and / or properties of crops |
WO2001046678A2 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-06-28 | Textron Systems, Corp. | Near infrared analysis of constituents |
EP1484600A3 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2006-11-02 | Textron Systems Corporation | Optical probes and methods for spectral analysis |
WO2006138632A2 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-28 | Thermo Gamma-Metrics Llc | In-stream spectroscopic elemental analysis of particles being conducted within a gaseous stream |
-
2012
- 2012-12-20 DE DE102012112751.4A patent/DE102012112751A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-12-18 WO PCT/EP2013/077220 patent/WO2014096089A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-18 EP EP13811914.4A patent/EP2936126A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO2014096089A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102012112751A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
WO2014096089A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
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