EP2935905B1 - Hydraulic directional control valve with integrated pressure compensating valve and motor vehicle including such a directional control valve - Google Patents

Hydraulic directional control valve with integrated pressure compensating valve and motor vehicle including such a directional control valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2935905B1
EP2935905B1 EP13820798.0A EP13820798A EP2935905B1 EP 2935905 B1 EP2935905 B1 EP 2935905B1 EP 13820798 A EP13820798 A EP 13820798A EP 2935905 B1 EP2935905 B1 EP 2935905B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifice
opening
pressure
hydraulic
housing
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Application number
EP13820798.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2935905A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Payre
Frédéric Lagors
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Fluid-System
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Fluid-System
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Priority to SI201330659T priority Critical patent/SI2935905T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0416—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor with means or adapted for load sensing
    • F15B13/0417—Load sensing elements; Internal fluid connections therefor; Anti-saturation or pressure-compensation valves
    • F15B13/0418—Load sensing elements sliding within a hollow main valve spool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic distributor with integrated pressure balance and a motorized machine equipped with such a distributor.
  • Flow Sharing dispensers are composed of a so-called "dosing" drawer allowing more or less to discover a section of fluid passage towards a hydraulic receiver. Downstream of this adjustable section is interposed a pressure balance to maintain an identical pressure difference across the metering slide, regardless of the load conditions of the hydraulic receiver. In fact, the fluid flow through the metering slide is not influenced by the pressure of the hydraulic receiver.
  • a system comprising a plurality of hydraulic receivers and when said system is unsaturated, that is to say that the total flow necessary for the operation of all the receivers (Q receivers ) remains lower than the maximum flow rate of the receiver. source of fluid under pressure (Q pump ), then each distributor maintains a constant flow regardless of the load conditions of other receivers.
  • Q pump source of fluid under pressure
  • each distributor maintains a constant flow regardless of the load conditions of other receivers.
  • the distribution of flow rates is established proportionally to the section discovered by each metering slide so that the relative speeds of the receivers are maintained.
  • the system illustrated on the figure 1 reproduces the principles set out above.
  • the system comprises two hydraulic receivers R1 and R2, which consist for example of jacks.
  • Each receiver R1, R2 comprises a first hydraulic chamber 81, 82 connected to a hydraulic circuit C under pressure and another hydraulic chamber 91, 92 connected to a discharge pipe or to a low pressure environment (for example a tank) Re.
  • the receiver R1 is the most loaded, the spring 71 schematically at the end of the rod of the cylinder illustrating this additional load.
  • the circuit C comprises a source of pressurized fluid P (typically a variable flow and pressure pump) supplying two parallel branches respectively connected to each of the hydraulic chambers 81, 82.
  • P pressurized fluid
  • Each branch comprises in series: a metering slide T1, T2 and a pressure balance B1, B2.
  • An LS charge detection line (Load Sensing) is used to signal the charge pressure to the source of fluid P so that it can continuously adjust its pressure and its flow to the values demanded by the sensors.
  • receivers R1 and R2 that it feeds.
  • the LS line communicates with each balance B1, B2. These are solicited: on one side by the pressure of the fluid at the metering slide T1, T2 and the other side by the pressure in the LS pipe.
  • the receiver R1 being the most charged, its charging pressure is established in the LS line.
  • the balance B2 equilibrates with respect to this pressure, which pressure is established downstream of the metering slide T2 by the regulation of said balance.
  • the upstream pressures T1 and T2 dosing drawers being those of the source of fluid P, the pressure difference ( ⁇ pref) at the terminals of these dosing drawers is identical.
  • the flow rates Q1 and Q2 passing through the dosing drawers T1 and T2, respectively, remain identical, whatever the load conditions of the receivers R1 and R2.
  • a hydraulic distributor comprising a housing provided with: a first orifice opening in a delivery line arranged to be connected to a source of pressurized fluid, - a second orifice connected to a charge line predisposed to be connected to a first hydraulic chamber of a hydraulic receiver, a third orifice opening in a pipe predisposed to be connected to a charge sensing line for signaling the charge pressure to a regulator of the source of pressurized fluid.
  • a flow passage system connects these different orifices.
  • the metering slide is slidably mounted in the housing to control fluid flows within the passage system, said slide comprising: an active position opening a flow passage between the first port and the second housing port; a neutral position closing said passage.
  • At least one pressure balance is slidably mounted in a longitudinal bore of the metering slide.
  • This scale is arranged so that, in the active position of the slide, it acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of the casing, being stressed: on one side by the pressure of the fluid prevailing in said flow passage, and on the other hand by the pressure prevailing in a portion of the longitudinal bore of said spool which is connected to the third orifice of said housing.
  • This scale includes a duct opening at a first opening and a second opening, said openings being arranged so that, in the active position of the metering slide: - the first opening is placed in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of the housing, - the second opening is placed in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide which is connected to the third orifice of the housing, when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of said housing is greater than or equal to the pressure prevailing in said portion of the longitudinal bore.
  • a non-return valve ball in the conduit of the balance which connects the two openings.
  • This ball has the function of preventing a return current from occurring when the pressure of the fluid in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of the housing (ie the pressure pressure of the hydraulic receiver) becomes lower. at the pressure prevailing in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the slide which is connected to the third orifice of the housing (ie the pressure in the LS line).
  • the establishment of the ball check valve is particularly difficult to achieve.
  • the balance duct does not have a check valve. It is the front surface of an additional piece that closes the duct when the pressure in the LS line is greater than the load pressure of the hydraulic receiver. This design is even more complex and expensive since it requires the use of an additional room.
  • an object of the invention is to propose a scale distributor integrated in the metering slide of the type described in the document.
  • FR 2.544.405 (LINDE) supra in which the design of the balance very simply prevents any fluid flow from the LS line to the least loaded portion of the receiver, refraining from using any non-return valve device or any additional room.
  • the solution proposed by the invention is a hydraulic distributor of the type described above, but in which the second opening of the duct of the balance is closed by an active wall of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide, when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the passage of flow connecting the first port and the second housing port is less than the pressure in the portion of the longitudinal bore of said drawer which is connected to the third port of the housing.
  • the distributor "Flow Sharing " D1 object of the invention comprises: a housing C provided with a longitudinal bore in which slides a metering slide T, inside which slides at least one, preferably two pressure balances B1 and B2. These scales are arranged symmetrically in the metering slide T.
  • These different parts are obtained by molding and / or machining a metallic material, for example stainless steel or aluminum. Any other material that is suitable for those skilled in the art may, however, be envisaged.
  • the longitudinal piercing of the housing C comprises several orifices 1 to 5.
  • the latter are in the form of radial bores opening into annular grooves made in the main longitudinal bore.
  • a first port 1 opens into a discharge pipe 10 predisposed to be connected to a source of pressurized fluid P.
  • the latter is typically a pump variable flow and pressure.
  • the pulsed flow rate is for example between 0 L / min and 200 L / min, and the pressure between 10 bar and 380 bar.
  • the fluid discharged from the source P is typically oil, but any other fluid suitable for those skilled in the art and which is adapted to the hydraulic receiver can be used.
  • a second port 2 opens into a charge line 20 predisposed to be connected to the first hydraulic chamber 81 of the hydraulic receiver R1.
  • the latter consists of a jack comprising a double rod piston 70 and two hydraulic chambers 81, 91.
  • the distributor D1 can be associated with any other type of hydraulic receiver: single rod cylinder, hydraulic motor, etc.
  • a third orifice 3 opens into a pipe predisposed to be connected to a charge detection line LS (for the acronym "Load Sensing"), to signal the charge pressure to a regulator OR of the fluid source under pressure P.
  • the OR element automatically adjusts fluid flow and pressure to the demand of the hydraulic receiver.
  • Another third port 3 ' is connected to a parallel branch of the pipe LS.
  • a fourth port 4 opens into a conduit predisposed to be connected to a discharge line or a low pressure environment 40, which generally consists of a reservoir. Another fourth orifice 4 'is connected to a parallel branch of the pipe 40.
  • a fifth port 5 opens into a charge line 50 predisposed to be connected to the second hydraulic chamber 91 of the hydraulic receiver R1.
  • the first port 1 is positioned substantially in the middle of the main longitudinal bore of the housing.
  • the other orifices are arranged symmetrically with respect to a radial plane passing through this first orifice 1. From this orifice 1, towards the left end (respectively the right end) of the housing: the second orifice 2 (respectively the fifth orifice 5), the fourth orifice 4 (respectively the other fourth orifice 4 ') and the third port 3 (respectively the other third port 3').
  • a passage system connects these different orifices so as to allow fluid circulation at least between: the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2; the first port 1 and the fifth port 5; the second port 2 and the fourth port 4; the fifth port 5 and the other fourth port 4 '.
  • the metering slide T is slidably mounted in the housing C to control fluid flows within the aforementioned passage system. Specifically, the drawer T is inserted into the main longitudinal bore of the housing C, the outer diameter of said drawer being adjusted to the inner diameter of said bore.
  • the drawer T comprises one, preferably two longitudinal bores 6, 6 '.
  • the number of holes corresponds to the number of pressure scales that are integrated.
  • the bores 6, 6 ' are coaxial with the axis of the main longitudinal bore of the casing C and are arranged symmetrically, on either side of a central radial wall 60 of the drawer T.
  • the longitudinal bores 6, 6' present each a portion 61, 61 'of smaller diameter located near the central radial wall 60 and in which is mounted a pressure balance B1, B2; and a portion of larger diameter 62, 62 'which is remote from said central radial wall 60.
  • the longitudinal bores 6, 6 ' are provided with a plurality of radial channels 601, 601', 602, 602 ', 603, 603' allowing the fluid flows, which channels pass right through the drawer T.
  • the first longitudinal bore 6 which is located on the left in the appended figures comprises, from the central radial wall 60 towards the left end of the drawer T: a first channel 601 radial, a second channel 602 which may be slightly oblique or not, and a third channel 603 radial.
  • the first two channels 601 and 602 are arranged at the smaller diameter portion 61 of the longitudinal bore 6, and the third channel 603 in the larger diameter portion 62.
  • the second longitudinal bore 6 ' which is located to the right in the appended figures comprises, from the central radial wall 60 towards the right end of the drawer T: a first channel 601 'radial, a second channel 602' which may be slightly oblique or not, and a third channel 603 'radial disposed in the larger diameter portion 62 '.
  • These channels 601 ', 602', 603 ' are symmetrical with the channels 601, 602, 603.
  • the drawer T comprises at least a first active position opening a flow passage between the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2 of the casing C ( Figures 4 and 5 ) and a neutral position closing said passage ( Figures 2 and 3 ).
  • a second active position is preferably provided for opening a flow passage between the first port 1 and the fifth port 5 of the housing C ( Figures 6 and 7 ).
  • the drawer T is moved to the right of the housing C.
  • the first channel 601 is positioned in front of the first orifice 1 and the second channel 602 is positioned in front of the second orifice 2.
  • the pressurized fluid can thus feed the first chamber 81 of the receiver R1 via: the pump P, the pipe 10, the first channel 601, the longitudinal bore 6, the second channel 602 and the pipe 20.
  • the third channel 603 is positioned in front of the third orifice 3 and the outer wall of the drawer T mouths the fourth port 4.
  • the portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 is thus connected to the third port 3 and thus to the LS line.
  • the other first channel 601 ' is positioned in front of the fifth orifice 5 and the other second channel 602' is positioned in front of the other fourth orifice 4 '.
  • the fluid contained in the second chamber 91 of the receiver R1 can therefore be evacuated via: the pipe 50, the other second channel 602 'and the pipe 40.
  • the cylinder rod of the receiver R1 moves to the right. Note also that in this first active position, the outer wall of the drawer T mouth the other third port 3 '.
  • the drawer T is moved to the left of the housing C.
  • the other first channel 601 ' is positioned in front of the first orifice 1 and the other second channel 602' is positioned in front of the fifth orifice 5.
  • the pressurized fluid can thus feed the second chamber 91 of the receiver R1 via: the pump P, the pipe 10, the other first channel 601 ', the longitudinal bore 6', the other second channel 602 'and the pipe 50.
  • the other third channel 603' is positioned in front of the other third port 3 'and the outer wall of the drawer T mouth the other fourth port 4'.
  • the portion 62 'of the longitudinal bore 6' is connected to the other third port 3 'and therefore to the LS line.
  • first channel 601 is positioned in front of the second orifice 2 and the second channel 602 is positioned in front of the fourth orifice 4.
  • the fluid contained in the first chamber 81 of the receiver R1 may therefore be evacuate via: line 20, the second channel 602 and the pipe 40.
  • the cylinder rod of the receiver R1 moves to the left.
  • the outer wall of the drawer T mouths the third orifice 3.
  • the drawer T is moved by means of electromagnets E1, E2 which exert their force on each of its ends.
  • Each electromagnet E1, E2 cooperates with a return spring ER1, ER2, one end of which bears on a fixed part of the housing C, and another end bears on said electromagnet.
  • a force proportional to the driving intensity of said coil is generated on the slide T, which moves in the first active position or in the second position. active.
  • the springs ER1, ER2 place the drawer T in the neutral position.
  • a passage section opens between the first port 1 and the first channel 601 ( figure 5 ) or between the first port 1 and the other first channel 601 '( figure 7 ), which allows the pressurized fluid to flow to the second port 2 or to the fifth port 5.
  • the drawer T is then in equilibrium between the force of the electromagnet E1, respectively E2 , and that of the spring ER1, respectively ER2.
  • the displacement of the drawer T is directly proportional to the intensity "I" of the control of the coil of the electromagnet which is excited. Indeed, the force generated by this electromagnet is balanced by that of the associated spring.
  • the section of passage discovered is then proportional to the intensity "I".
  • electromagnet instead of actuation by electromagnet, one can consider actuations by mechanical control, hydraulic control, pneumatic control or any other actuating means for moving the drawer T in the housing C.
  • At least one pressure balance B1 is slidably mounted in the longitudinal bore 6 of the slide T, and more particularly in the smaller diameter portion 61. However, it is preferred to insert another pressure balance B2 into the smaller diameter portion 61 'of the second longitudinal drilling 6 '.
  • Balances B1 and B2 are identical. The outer diameter of each balance B1, B2 is adjusted to the inner diameter of the smaller diameter portion 61, 61 '.
  • the balance B1, respectively B2 is advantageously solicited by a spring BR1, respectively BR2, one end bears on the electromagnet E1, respectively E2, and another end is supported on said balance.
  • These springs BR1 and BR2 are simple return springs, the pressure they exert on the scales B1 and B2 being negligible compared to the pressure of the fluid flowing in the different passages and in particular that prevailing at the first and third orifices 1, 3 , 3 ', when the drawer T is in an active position.
  • the spring BR1 acts on the end of the balance B1 which is located in the portion of larger diameter 62.
  • the balance B1 in the absence of any stress, is in a position where it closes the flow passage for connecting the first port 1 and the second port 2 of the housing C, in particular by closing the second channel 602.
  • the spring BR2 acts on the end of the second balance B2 which is located in the portion of larger diameter 62 '.
  • the second balance B2 In the absence of any stress, is in a position where it closes the flow passage intended to connect the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5, by closing the other second channel 602 '( figure 2 ).
  • the balance B1 acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2.
  • the balance B1 is configured to open a passage section between the second channel 602 and the second port 2, a shoulder 700 made on the outer wall of said balance forming a throttling point at this section.
  • This shoulder 700 extends to the end of the balance B1 which is vis-à-vis the central wall 60.
  • the second balance B2 is biased only by the spring BR2.
  • the balance B2 is in a neutral position where it closes the other second channel 602 '.
  • the configuration of the shoulder 700 ' allows a fluid flow between the fifth port 5 and the other fourth port 4' around the balance B2, without crossing said scale, which significantly reduces the pressure losses compared to the distributors Flow sharing known from the prior art.
  • the balance B2 which acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5, said balance being configured to open a section of passage between the other second channel 602 'and the fifth orifice 5 ( figure 7 ).
  • the first balance B1 is biased only by the spring BR1, so that it closes the second channel 602.
  • the configuration of the shoulder 700 allows a fluid flow between the second port 2 and the fourth port 4, around the balance B1, without crossing said balance, effectively limiting the losses.
  • the first balance B1 includes a conduit 701 opening at a first opening 702 and a second opening 703.
  • the conduit 701 consists of a longitudinal bore 7012 opening at the first opening 702 and in a radial bore 7013 opening at the second opening 703.
  • the first opening 702 is in particular located on the end face of the end of the balance B1 which is in the extension of the shoulder 700 (that is to say the rightmost end in the figures).
  • the second radial opening 703 is located on the periphery of the balance B1, in a portion which is close to the end biased by the spring BR1 (that is to say towards the left-most end on the figures).
  • a nozzle G1 is disposed in the conduit 701, at the junction of the longitudinal bore 7012 and the radial bore 7013. Its function is to limit the flow of fluid capable of flowing between the two openings 702 and 703.
  • This nozzle G1 is present the shape of an orifice whose diameter is smaller than that of the holes. For example, if the diameter of the bores 7012, 7013 is about 5 mm, the diameter of the nozzle G1 is about 1.2 mm.
  • the longitudinal bore 7012 can be extended to open at a third opening 704.
  • This opening is located on the front face of the end of the balance B1 which is biased by the spring BR1.
  • Another nozzle G2 is disposed in the extension of the bore 7012, at the junction with the radial bore 7013.
  • This nozzle G2 has the function of limiting the flow of fluid capable of flowing between the two openings 702 and 704.
  • This nozzle G2 is advantageously in the form of an orifice whose diameter is smaller than that of the nozzle G1, for example about 0.6 mm.
  • the second balance B2 integrates a duct 701 'opening at a first opening 702' and a second opening 703 '.
  • a longitudinal bore 7012 ' opens at the first opening 702' and a radial bore 7013 'opens at the second opening 703'.
  • the first opening 702 ' is located on the front face of the end of the balance B2 which is in the extension of the shoulder 700'.
  • the second radial opening 703 ' is located on the periphery of the balance B2, in a portion which is close to the end biased by the spring BR2.
  • a nozzle G1 ' is disposed in the conduit 701' to limit the flow of fluid able to flow between the two openings 702 'and 703'.
  • This nozzle G1 ' is identical to the aforementioned nozzle G1.
  • the longitudinal bore 7012 ' is advantageously extended to open at a third opening 704' located on the end face of the end of the balance B2 which is biased by the spring BR2.
  • Another nozzle G2 ' identical to the nozzle G2 above, is disposed in the extension of the bore 7012' to limit the flow of fluid capable of flowing between the two openings 702 'and 704'.
  • the balance B1 acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2; the first opening 702 is placed in this flow passage; the second opening 703 is placed in the larger diameter portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6.
  • the charge pressure information (i.e. the pressure in the flow passage connecting the first port 1 and the second port 2) is then transmitted to the line LS via: the first opening 702, the duct 701, the nozzle G1, the second opening 703, the portion 62, the third channel 603 and the third orifice 3.
  • This signal LS is then sent to the adjustment member OR of the pump P and at the other third port 3 '.
  • the fluid without pressure from the second chamber 91 of the receiver R1 flows in the flow passage connecting the fifth port 5 and the other fourth port 4 'of the housing C, without crossing the second B2 balance.
  • the orifice 3 ' is in any case closed by the drawer T. In fact, the fluid coming from the pipe LS does not can not flow to the fifth port 5, and therefore to the least loaded branch of the receiver R1.
  • the second balance B2 acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5; the first opening 702 'is placed in this flow passage; the second opening 703 'is placed in the portion of larger diameter 62' of the longitudinal bore 6 'which is connected to the other third orifice 3'.
  • the charge pressure information is then transmitted to the LS via: the first opening 702 ', the conduit 701', the nozzle G1 ', the second opening 703', the portion 62 ', the third channel 603' and the other third port 3 '.
  • the fluid from the first chamber 81 of the receiver R1 flows in the flow passage connecting the second port 2 and the fourth port 4 of the housing C, without crossing the balance B1.
  • the combined action of the spring BR1 and the nozzle G2 pushes the balance B1 to the right, until it abuts against the wall 60, the openings 702 and especially 703 being closed. More particularly, the first opening 702 is closed by the end face of the central wall 60 and the second opening 703 is closed off by the internal active surface of the smaller diameter portion 61 of the longitudinal bore 6.
  • the orifice 3 is in any state In fact, the fluid from the LS pipe can not flow to the second port 2, and therefore to the least loaded branch of the receiver R1.
  • balance B1 or B2 When the balance B1 or B2 is pushed towards the central wall 60 of the drawer T, it is advantageous for the fluid situated between this wall and the end of said balance to escape so as not to (or hardly) oppose to displacement. Thanks to the clever design of balances B1, B2, this fluid is evacuated towards the portion of larger diameter 62, 62 'via: the first opening 702, 702', the duct 701, 701 ', the nozzle G2, G2' and the third opening 704, 704 '.
  • the figure 11 schematizes, in the form of a hydraulic symbol, the distributor D1 which has just been described, simultaneously: in the first position I, in the second active position II and in the neutral position N.
  • the distributor object of the invention is preferably intended to be installed in a motorized vehicle of the type construction vehicle or agricultural vehicle.
  • This machine generally comprises: a source of pressurized fluid (typically an on-board pump), at least one hydraulic receiver R1 (for example the jack of an excavator or agricultural implement) provided with at least one chamber hydraulic 81, - a charge detection line (or line LS) predisposed to signal the charge pressure of said receiver to an adjusting member of said source of fluid under pressure, - a discharge line 40 or a low pressure environment ( typically a tank).
  • the assembler it is sufficient for the assembler to connect: - the first port 1 to the source of fluid under pressure, P; the second orifice 2 to the first hydraulic chamber 81 of the receiver R1; the third ports 3 and 3 'to the LS line; the fourth orifices 4 and 4 'to the discharge line 40 or to the low pressure environment; the fifth port 5 to the second hydraulic chamber 91 of the receiver R1.
  • the machine may comprise two or more hydraulic receivers operating simultaneously and consist for example of two jacks associated with two particular tools.
  • the figure 8 schematically such a mounting where at least a second hydraulic receiver R2 is connected to the hydraulic circuit described above, by means of another distributor D2 connected in parallel.
  • This distributor D2 is identical to the distributor D1.
  • Its first port 1 is connected to the common source of pressurized fluid P; its second orifice 2 to the first hydraulic chamber 82 of the receiver R2; its third ports 3 and 3 'to the common line LS; its fourth orifices 4 and 4 'to the common discharge line 40 or to the low pressure environment; its fifth port 5 to the second hydraulic chamber 92 of the receiver R2.
  • the two receivers R1 and R2 are jacks working simultaneously, and whose rods must be moved on the same side (to the right on the figure 8 ).
  • the receiver R1 is the most loaded receiver, the spring 71 shown schematically at the end of the rod of the cylinder illustrating this additional load.
  • the drawer T1, T2 of each of the distributors is moved to the first position: the flow passage between the orifices 1 and 2 is open in each of the distributors.
  • the receiver R1 being the most loaded, the pressure at the second port 2 of the distributor D1 is greater than that at the second port 2 of the distributor D2.
  • the drawer T1 of the distributor D1, and the scales B1, B2 associated therewith, are in a configuration position to that described with reference to FIG. figure 5 .
  • the highest loading pressure (that is to say the pressure in the flow passage connecting the first port 1 and the second port 2 of the distributor D1) is established in the line LS common to the two distributors D1 and D2.
  • the flow rate through the metering slide T1 is in fact independent of the load.
  • the figure 9 illustrates in detail the behavior of the distributor D2 at its first balance B1.
  • Its balance B2 is in a position identical to that of the balance B2 of the distributor B1.
  • the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2 is less than the pressure prevailing in the portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 of said spool T2 (that is to say the pressure prevailing in driving LS).
  • This balance B1 therefore tends to be moved to the right.
  • the second opening 703 is then closed by the internal active wall of the smaller diameter portion 61 of the longitudinal bore 6 of the spool T1: the fluid from the pipe LS can not flow to the second orifice 2 of the receiver R2, and therefore to the least loaded branch.
  • the balance B1 of the distributor D2 acts as a throttling point in the passage section between the second channel 602 and the second orifice 2, creating a loss of pressure which increases until the pressure at said point of restriction is equal to that in the portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 of the spool T2 (that is to say the pressure in the pipe LS).
  • the flow rate through the metering slide T2 is independent of the load. In summary, the flow rates through distributors D1 and D2, respectively, remain the same, regardless of the load conditions of the receivers R1 and R2.
  • the fluid moving around the balance B1 of the distributor D2 and unlike a static fluid, generates hydrodynamic forces (also called jet effects) which tend to want to close said balance.
  • hydrodynamic forces also called jet effects
  • the pressure at the point of constriction in the passage section between the second channel 602 and the second port 2 increases.
  • the pressure difference ⁇ P at terminals 1 and 2 of the distributor D2 decreases on the order of 1 to 2 bars, resulting in a more or less pronounced drop in the flow rate of the least loaded slice. This phenomenon is amplified for significant differences in pressure between the slices and for flow rates at the terminals of the large dosers D1, D2.
  • slots 6000 acting as variable nozzle according to the travel of the slide and which act between the orifices 1 and 2 or 1 and 5 in parallel the action of the balance.
  • These slots 6000 are made on the outer wall of the metering slide, and are longitudinal. They are configured to create a nozzle flow passage between the first port 1 and the second port 2 (respectively the fifth port 5).
  • slots 6000 allow to take a small amount of flow on the first pressure port 1 and transfer it to the second port 2 (or to the fifth port 5), bypassing the throttling point in the section passing between the second channel 602 and the second port 2 (or between the other second channel 602 'and the orifice 5).
  • the slots 6000 then make it possible to compensate for the jet effects which causes a drop in the flow rate in the least loaded slice.
  • the invention must be understood as applying to a machine comprises n (n> 2) hydraulic receivers operating simultaneously. The operation is identical to that described above with reference to figures 8 and 9 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'invention.Technical Field of the Invention

L'invention a pour objet un distributeur hydraulique à balance de pression intégrée ainsi qu'un engin motorisé équipé d'un tel distributeur.The invention relates to a hydraulic distributor with integrated pressure balance and a motorized machine equipped with such a distributor.

Elle concerne le domaine technique des distributeurs hydrauliques comportant des tiroirs doseurs et des balances de pression, lesquelles balances permettent de maintenir une différence de pression constante aux bornes desdits tiroirs afin de maintenir un débit constant. Ce type de distributeur est généralement caractérisé par le terme anglais « Flow Sharing » (ou « à partage de débit » en français).It concerns the technical field of hydraulic distributors comprising dosing drawers and pressure balances, which balances maintain a constant pressure difference across said drawers to maintain a constant flow. This type of distributor is generally characterized by the English term " Flow Sharing " (or " debit sharing " in French).

État de la technique.State of the art

Les distributeurs Flow Sharing sont bien connus de l'Homme du métier et par exemple décrits dans les documents brevets EP 2.375.114 (REXROTH), FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), ou US 5.186.000 (HITACHI).Flow Sharing dispensers are well known to those skilled in the art and for example described in patent documents EP 2,375,114 (REXROTH) FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), or US 5,186,000 (HITACHI).

Ces distributeurs Flow Sharing sont composés d'un tiroir dit « doseur » permettant de découvrir plus ou moins une section de passage de fluide vers un récepteur hydraulique. En aval de cette section réglable est intercalée une balance de pression permettant de maintenir une différence de pression identique aux bornes du tiroir doseur, indépendamment des conditions de charge du récepteur hydraulique. De fait, le débit de fluide qui traverse le tiroir doseur n'est pas influencé par la pression du récepteur hydraulique. Dans le cas d'un système comportant plusieurs récepteurs hydrauliques et lorsque ledit système est non saturé, c'est-à-dire que le débit total nécessaire au fonctionnement de l'ensemble des récepteurs (Qrécepteurs) reste inférieur au débit maximal de la source de fluide sous pression (Qpompe), alors chaque distributeur maintient un débit constant quelles que soient les conditions de charge des autres récepteurs. Dans le cas d'un système saturé (Qrécepteurs > Qpompe), la répartition des débits s'établit proportionnellement à la section découverte par chaque tiroir doseur de telle sorte que les vitesses relatives des récepteurs soient maintenues.These Flow Sharing dispensers are composed of a so-called "dosing" drawer allowing more or less to discover a section of fluid passage towards a hydraulic receiver. Downstream of this adjustable section is interposed a pressure balance to maintain an identical pressure difference across the metering slide, regardless of the load conditions of the hydraulic receiver. In fact, the fluid flow through the metering slide is not influenced by the pressure of the hydraulic receiver. In the case of a system comprising a plurality of hydraulic receivers and when said system is unsaturated, that is to say that the total flow necessary for the operation of all the receivers (Q receivers ) remains lower than the maximum flow rate of the receiver. source of fluid under pressure (Q pump ), then each distributor maintains a constant flow regardless of the load conditions of other receivers. In the case of a saturated system (Q receivers > Q pump ), the distribution of flow rates is established proportionally to the section discovered by each metering slide so that the relative speeds of the receivers are maintained.

Le système illustré sur la figure 1 annexée reprend les principes exposés ci-dessus. Le système comprend deux récepteurs hydrauliques R1 et R2, lesquels consistent par exemple en des vérins. Chaque récepteur R1, R2 comprend une première chambre hydraulique 81, 82 connectée à un circuit hydraulique C sous pression et une autre chambre hydraulique 91, 92 connectée à une conduite de décharge ou à un environnement à basse pression (par exemple un réservoir) Re. Le récepteur R1 est le plus chargé, le ressort 71 schématisé à l'extrémité de la tige du vérin illustrant cette charge supplémentaire. Le circuit C comprend une source de fluide sous pression P (typiquement une pompe à débit et pression variables) alimentant deux branches parallèles connectées respectivement à chacune des chambres hydrauliques 81, 82. Chaque branche comporte en série : un tiroir doseur T1, T2 et une balance de pression B1, B2. Une conduite de détection de charge LS (pour l'acronyme anglais « Load Sensing ») permet de signaler la pression de charge à la source de fluide P de sorte que cette dernière puisse ajuster en permanence sa pression et son débit aux valeurs réclamées par les récepteurs R1 et R2 qu'elle alimente. La conduite LS communique avec chaque balance B1, B2. Ces dernières sont sollicitées : d'un côté par la pression du fluide régnant au niveau du tiroir doseur T1, T2 et de l'autre côté par la pression régnant dans la conduite LS. Le récepteur R1 étant le plus chargé, sa pression de charge s'établit dans la conduite LS. La balance B2 s'équilibre par rapport à cette pression de charge, laquelle pression s'établit en aval du tiroir doseur T2 grâce à la régulation de ladite balance. Les pressions amont aux tiroirs doseurs T1 et T2 étant celles de la source de fluide P, la différence de pression (Δpref) aux bornes de ces tiroirs doseurs est identique. De fait, les débits Q1 et Q2 traversant respectivement les tiroirs doseurs T1 et T2, restent identiques, quelles que soient les conditions de charge des récepteurs R1 et R2.The system illustrated on the figure 1 annexed reproduces the principles set out above. The system comprises two hydraulic receivers R1 and R2, which consist for example of jacks. Each receiver R1, R2 comprises a first hydraulic chamber 81, 82 connected to a hydraulic circuit C under pressure and another hydraulic chamber 91, 92 connected to a discharge pipe or to a low pressure environment (for example a tank) Re. The receiver R1 is the most loaded, the spring 71 schematically at the end of the rod of the cylinder illustrating this additional load. The circuit C comprises a source of pressurized fluid P (typically a variable flow and pressure pump) supplying two parallel branches respectively connected to each of the hydraulic chambers 81, 82. Each branch comprises in series: a metering slide T1, T2 and a pressure balance B1, B2. An LS charge detection line (Load Sensing) is used to signal the charge pressure to the source of fluid P so that it can continuously adjust its pressure and its flow to the values demanded by the sensors. receivers R1 and R2 that it feeds. The LS line communicates with each balance B1, B2. These are solicited: on one side by the pressure of the fluid at the metering slide T1, T2 and the other side by the pressure in the LS pipe. The receiver R1 being the most charged, its charging pressure is established in the LS line. The balance B2 equilibrates with respect to this pressure, which pressure is established downstream of the metering slide T2 by the regulation of said balance. The upstream pressures T1 and T2 dosing drawers being those of the source of fluid P, the pressure difference (Δpref) at the terminals of these dosing drawers is identical. In fact, the flow rates Q1 and Q2 passing through the dosing drawers T1 and T2, respectively, remain identical, whatever the load conditions of the receivers R1 and R2.

Dans le document brevet EP 2.375.114 (REXROTH) précité, il est envisagé d'intégrer des balances de pression directement dans le boîtier du distributeur, en aval du tiroir doseur. Ce type de distributeur présente l'avantage d'avoir une pièce unique intégrant directement deux composants (tiroir doseur et balance) et donc proposant deux fonctions. Toutefois, ces distributeurs sont relativement lourds (car il est nécessaire d'avoir de la matière supplémentaire autour des balances de pression), complexes à usiner, nécessitant d'intégrer des clapets de retenue de charge qui ont pour fonction d'éviter les transferts de débits d'un distributeur à l'autre par la conduite LS.In the patent document EP 2,375,114 (REXROTH) above, it is envisaged to integrate pressure balances directly into the distributor housing, downstream of the metering slide. This type of distributor has the advantage of having a single piece directly integrating two components (metering slide and balance) and thus offering two functions. However, these distributors are relatively heavy (because it is necessary to have additional material around pressure balances), complex to be machined, requiring the integration of load-retaining valves whose function is to avoid transfers of pressure. flows from one distributor to another by the LS line.

Le document brevet FR 2.544.405 (LINDE) remédie en partie à cet état des choses. En effet, le distributeur décrit dans ce document prévoit d'intégrer directement les balances de pression à l'intérieur du tiroir doseur. Plus précisément, ce document décrit un distributeur hydraulique comportant un boîtier pourvu : d'un premier orifice débouchant dans une conduite de refoulement prédisposée à être raccordée à une source de fluide sous pression, - d'un second orifice relié à une conduite de charge prédisposée à être raccordée à une première chambre hydraulique d'un récepteur hydraulique, d'un troisième orifice débouchant dans une conduite prédisposée à être raccordée à une conduite de détection de charge pour signaler la pression de charge à un organe de réglage de la source de fluide sous pression. Un système de passage d'écoulement relie ces différents orifices.The patent document FR 2,544,405 (LINDE) partly remedies this state of affairs. Indeed, the distributor described in this document provides for directly integrating the pressure scales inside the metering slide. More specifically, this document describes a hydraulic distributor comprising a housing provided with: a first orifice opening in a delivery line arranged to be connected to a source of pressurized fluid, - a second orifice connected to a charge line predisposed to be connected to a first hydraulic chamber of a hydraulic receiver, a third orifice opening in a pipe predisposed to be connected to a charge sensing line for signaling the charge pressure to a regulator of the source of pressurized fluid. A flow passage system connects these different orifices.

Le tiroir doseur est monté coulissant dans le boîtier de façon à commander des écoulements de fluide à l'intérieur du système de passage, ledit tiroir comprenant : une position active ouvrant un passage d'écoulement entre le premier orifice et le second orifice du boîtier, une position neutre obturant ledit passage.The metering slide is slidably mounted in the housing to control fluid flows within the passage system, said slide comprising: an active position opening a flow passage between the first port and the second housing port; a neutral position closing said passage.

Au moins une balance de pression est montée coulissante dans un perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur. Cette balance est agencée de manière à ce que, dans la position active du tiroir, elle agisse comme point d'étranglement dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le second orifice du boîtier, en étant sollicitée : d'un côté par la pression du fluide régnant dans ledit passage d'écoulement, et d'un autre côté par la pression régnant dans une portion du perçage longitudinal dudit tiroir qui est reliée au troisième orifice dudit boîtier.At least one pressure balance is slidably mounted in a longitudinal bore of the metering slide. This scale is arranged so that, in the active position of the slide, it acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of the casing, being stressed: on one side by the pressure of the fluid prevailing in said flow passage, and on the other hand by the pressure prevailing in a portion of the longitudinal bore of said spool which is connected to the third orifice of said housing.

Cette balance intègre un conduit débouchant au niveau d'une première ouverture et d'une seconde ouverture, lesdites ouvertures étant disposées de manière à ce que, dans la position active du tiroir doseur : - la première ouverture est placée dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le second orifice du boîtier, - la seconde ouverture est placée dans la portion du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur qui est reliée au troisième orifice du boîtier, lorsque la pression du fluide régnant dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le second orifice dudit boîtier est supérieure ou égale à la pression régnant dans ladite portion du perçage longitudinal.This scale includes a duct opening at a first opening and a second opening, said openings being arranged so that, in the active position of the metering slide: - the first opening is placed in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of the housing, - the second opening is placed in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide which is connected to the third orifice of the housing, when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of said housing is greater than or equal to the pressure prevailing in said portion of the longitudinal bore.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation présenté dans le document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), il est envisagé d'intégrer une bille de soupape de non-retour dans le conduit de la balance qui relie les deux ouvertures. Cette bille a pour fonction d'éviter que ne se produise un courant de retour lorsque la pression du fluide régnant dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le second orifice du boîtier (i.e. la pression de charge du récepteur hydraulique) devient inférieure à la pression régnant dans la portion du perçage longitudinal du tiroir qui est reliée au troisième orifice du boîtier (i.e. la pression dans la conduite LS). Toutefois, la mise en place de la bille de soupape de non-retour est particulièrement délicate à réaliser.According to a first embodiment presented in the document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), it is envisaged to integrate a non-return valve ball in the conduit of the balance which connects the two openings. This ball has the function of preventing a return current from occurring when the pressure of the fluid in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the second orifice of the housing (ie the pressure pressure of the hydraulic receiver) becomes lower. at the pressure prevailing in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the slide which is connected to the third orifice of the housing (ie the pressure in the LS line). However, the establishment of the ball check valve is particularly difficult to achieve.

Dans une variante de réalisation présentée dans ce même document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), le conduit de la balance est dépourvu de soupape anti-retour. C'est la surface frontale d'une pièce supplémentaire qui vient obturer ce conduit lorsque la pression dans la conduite LS est supérieure à la pression de charge du récepteur hydraulique. Cette conception est encore plus complexe et onéreuse puisqu'elle nécessite d'utiliser une pièce supplémentaire.In an alternative embodiment presented in this same document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), the balance duct does not have a check valve. It is the front surface of an additional piece that closes the duct when the pressure in the LS line is greater than the load pressure of the hydraulic receiver. This design is even more complex and expensive since it requires the use of an additional room.

L'invention vise à remédier à cet état des choses. Plus particulièrement, un objectif de l'invention est de proposer un distributeur à balance intégrée dans le tiroir doseur du type décrit dans le document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE) précité, dans lequel la conception de la balance empêche très simplement toute circulation de fluide depuis la conduite LS, vers la tranche la moins chargée du récepteur, en s'abstenant d'utiliser un quelconque dispositif de soupape anti-retour ou toute pièce supplémentaire.The invention aims to remedy this state of affairs. More particularly, an object of the invention is to propose a scale distributor integrated in the metering slide of the type described in the document. FR 2.544.405 (LINDE) supra, in which the design of the balance very simply prevents any fluid flow from the LS line to the least loaded portion of the receiver, refraining from using any non-return valve device or any additional room.

Divulgation de l'invention.Disclosure of the invention.

La solution proposée par l'invention est un distributeur hydraulique du type décrit précédemment, mais dans lequel la seconde ouverture du conduit de la balance est obturée par une paroi active du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur, lorsque la pression du fluide régnant dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le second orifice du boîtier est inférieure à la pression régnant dans la portion du perçage longitudinal dudit tiroir qui est reliée au troisième orifice du boîtier.The solution proposed by the invention is a hydraulic distributor of the type described above, but in which the second opening of the duct of the balance is closed by an active wall of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide, when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the passage of flow connecting the first port and the second housing port is less than the pressure in the portion of the longitudinal bore of said drawer which is connected to the third port of the housing.

C'est donc maintenant la combinaison de l'agencement de la seconde ouverture du conduit de la balance et de la configuration du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur distributeur, qui permet d'éviter tout courant de retour depuis la conduite LS. Un tel distributeur offre les mêmes fonctionnalités que celles du distributeur décrit dans le document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), mais avec moins de pièces. La conception est donc plus simple et le distributeur moins onéreux.It is now the combination of the arrangement of the second opening of the balance duct and the configuration of the longitudinal bore of the dispensing metering slide, which makes it possible to avoid any return flow from the LS line. Such a distributor offers the same functionalities as those of the distributor described in the document FR 2.544.405 (LINDE), but with fewer pieces. The design is simpler and the distributor less expensive.

D'autres caractéristiques du distributeur sont listées ci-dessous, chacune de ces caractéristiques pouvant être considérées seule ou en combinaison avec les caractéristiques remarquables définies ci-dessus :

  • le conduit de la balance comporte avantageusement un perçage longitudinal débouchant au niveau de la première ouverture et un perçage radial débouchant au niveau de la seconde ouverture, un gicleur étant disposé à la jonction des deux dits perçages.
  • le perçage longitudinal se prolonge pour déboucher au niveau d'une troisième ouverture placée dans la portion du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur qui est reliée au troisième orifice du boîtier, un autre gicleur étant disposé dans le prolongement dudit perçage longitudinal.
  • le boîtier peut en outre comprendre : - un quatrième orifice débouchant dans une conduite prédisposée à être raccordée à une conduite de décharge ou à un environnement à basse pression, - un passage d'écoulement relié au deuxième orifice dudit boîtier et audit quatrième orifice, lequel passage est configuré de manière à ce que le fluide s'écoule dans ce passage sans traverser la balance de pression.
  • la balance de pression est préférentiellement sollicitée par un ressort agissant sur l'extrémité de ladite balance qui est située dans la portion du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur qui est reliée au troisième orifice du boîtier, de sorte qu'en l'absence de toute sollicitation, ladite balance obture le passage d'écoulement destiné à relier le premier orifice et le second orifice dudit tiroir.
  • Préférentiellement, la pression exercée par le ressort sur la balance est négligeable par rapport à la pression régnant au niveau du premier orifice et la pression régnant au niveau du troisième orifice, lorsque le tiroir doseur est dans la position active.
  • Des fentes longitudinales peuvent être réalisées sur la paroi externe du tiroir doseur, lesquelles fentes sont configurées pour créer un passage d'écoulement formant gicleur entre le premier orifice et le second orifice.
  • Selon un mode préféré de réalisation, le distributeur hydraulique est tel que :
    • ∘ le boîtier comprend : - un autre troisième orifice débouchant dans la conduite prédisposée à être raccordée à la conduite de détection de charge pour signaler la pression de charge à l'organe de réglage de la source de fluide sous pression, - des quatrièmes orifices débouchant dans une conduite prédisposée à être raccordée à une conduite de décharge ou à un environnement à basse pression, - un cinquième orifice débouchant dans une conduite de charge prédisposée à être raccordée à une seconde chambre hydraulique du récepteur hydraulique, - un système de passage d'écoulement relié auxdits orifices,
    • ∘ le tiroir doseur comprenant au moins trois positions : - une première position active ouvrant un passage d'écoulement entre le premier orifice et le second orifice du boîtier, - une seconde position active ouvrant un passage d'écoulement entre le premier orifice et le cinquième orifice dudit boîtier,- et une position neutre obturant ces passages,
    • ∘ une seconde balance de pression est montée coulissante dans un perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur, ladite seconde balance étant agencée de manière à ce que, dans la seconde position active dudit tiroir, elle agisse comme point d'étranglement dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le cinquième orifice du boîtier, en étant sollicitée : d'un côté par la pression du fluide régnant dans ledit passage d'écoulement, et d'un autre côté par la pression régnant dans une portion du perçage longitudinal dudit tiroir qui est reliée à l'autre troisième orifice dudit boîtier,
    • ∘ ladite seconde balance intègre un conduit débouchant au niveau d'une première ouverture et d'une seconde ouverture, lesdites ouvertures étant disposées de manière à ce que, dans la seconde position active du tiroir doseur : - la première ouverture est placée dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le cinquième orifice du boîtier, - la seconde ouverture est placée dans la portion du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur qui est reliée à l'autre troisième orifice du boîtier, lorsque la pression du fluide régnant dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le cinquième orifice dudit boîtier est supérieure ou égale à la pression régnant dans ladite portion du perçage longitudinal,
    • ∘ la seconde ouverture du conduit de la seconde balance est obturée par une paroi active du perçage longitudinal du tiroir doseur, lorsque la pression du fluide régnant dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice et le cinquième orifice du boîtier est inférieure à la pression régnant dans la portion du perçage longitudinal dudit tiroir qui est reliée à l'autre troisième orifice du boîtier.
Other characteristics of the dispenser are listed below, each of these characteristics being able to be considered alone or in combination with the remarkable characteristics defined above:
  • the duct of the balance advantageously comprises a longitudinal bore opening at the first opening and a radial bore opening at level of the second opening, a nozzle being disposed at the junction of said two holes.
  • the longitudinal bore is extended to open at a third opening in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide which is connected to the third port of the housing, another nozzle being disposed in the extension of said longitudinal bore.
  • the housing may further comprise: - a fourth orifice opening into a pipe predisposed to be connected to a discharge pipe or a low-pressure environment, - a flow passage connected to the second orifice of said housing and to said fourth orifice, which passage is configured so that the fluid flows in this passage without crossing the pressure balance.
  • the pressure balance is preferably solicited by a spring acting on the end of said balance which is located in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide which is connected to the third orifice of the housing, so that in the absence of any solicitation said balance closes the flow passage for connecting the first port and the second port of said drawer.
  • Preferably, the pressure exerted by the spring on the balance is negligible compared to the pressure at the first orifice and the pressure at the third orifice, when the metering slide is in the active position.
  • Longitudinal slits may be provided on the outer wall of the metering slide, which slots are configured to create a nozzle flow passage between the first port and the second port.
  • According to a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic distributor is such that:
    • The housing comprises: another third opening opening in the pipe predisposed to be connected to the charge detection line for signaling the charge pressure to the regulator of the source of pressurized fluid, the fourth opening opening in a pipe predisposed to be connected to a discharge line or a low-pressure environment, - a fifth port opening into a charge line predisposed to be connected to a second hydraulic chamber of the hydraulic receiver, - a passage system of flow connected to said orifices,
    • The metering slide comprising at least three positions: a first active position opening a flow passage between the first orifice and the second orifice of the housing; a second active position opening a flow passage between the first orifice and the fifth orifice of said housing, and a neutral position closing these passages,
    • A second pressure balance is slidably mounted in a longitudinal bore of the metering slide, said second scale being arranged in such a way that, in the second active position of said slide, it acts as a throttling point in the connecting flow passage the first orifice and the fifth orifice of the casing, being stressed: on one side by the pressure of the fluid prevailing in said flow passage, and on the other hand by the pressure prevailing in a portion of the longitudinal bore of said slide which is connected to the other third port of said housing,
    • Said second scale includes a duct opening at a first opening and a second opening, said openings being arranged in such a way that, in the second active position of the metering slide: the first opening is placed in the passage flow path connecting the first orifice and the fifth orifice of the housing, - the second opening is placed in the portion of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide which is connected to the other third orifice of the housing, when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the passage of flow connecting the first orifice and the fifth orifice of said housing is greater than or equal to the pressure prevailing in said portion of the longitudinal bore,
    • The second opening of the duct of the second scale is closed off by an active wall of the longitudinal bore of the metering slide, when the pressure of the fluid in the flow passage connecting the first orifice and the fifth orifice of the casing is less than the pressure; prevailing in the portion of the longitudinal bore of said drawer which is connected to the other third port of the housing.

Un autre aspect de l'invention concerne un engin motorisé intégrant un circuit hydraulique comportant : - une source de fluide sous pression, - au moins un récepteur hydraulique pourvu d'au moins une première chambre hydraulique, - une conduite de détection de charge prédisposée à signaler la pression de charge dudit récepteur à un organe de réglage de ladite source de fluide sous pression, - une conduite de décharge ou un environnement à basse pression, un distributeur hydraulique conforme aux caractéristiques remarquables décrites précédemment étant connecté au circuit hydraulique de manière à ce que :

  • le premier orifice soit raccordé à la source de fluide sous pression,
  • le second orifice soit raccordé à la première chambre hydraulique du récepteur hydraulique,
  • le troisième orifice soit raccordé à la conduite de détection de charge.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a motorized machine incorporating a hydraulic circuit comprising: a source of fluid under pressure, at least one hydraulic receiver provided with at least a first hydraulic chamber, a charge detection line predisposed to signaling the charging pressure of said receiver to an adjusting member of said source of pressurized fluid, - a discharge line or a low pressure environment, a hydraulic distributor according to the above described remarkable characteristics being connected to the hydraulic circuit so as to than :
  • the first orifice is connected to the source of fluid under pressure,
  • the second port is connected to the first hydraulic chamber of the hydraulic receiver,
  • the third port is connected to the load sensing line.

Description des figures.Description of the figures.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description d'un mode de réalisation préféré qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, réalisés à titre d'exemples indicatifs et non limitatifs et sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 précitée illustre le principe de fonctionnement d'un distributeur « Flow Sharing »,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un distributeur hydraulique conforme à l'invention, le tiroir doseur étant en position neutre,
  • la figure 3 montre, à échelle agrandie, la position d'une partie du tiroir doseur et de la balance de pression associée, dans le distributeur de la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un distributeur hydraulique conforme à l'invention, le tiroir doseur étant dans la première position active,
  • la figure 5 montre, à échelle agrandie, la position d'une partie du tiroir doseur et de la balance de pression associée, dans le distributeur de la figure 4,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un distributeur hydraulique conforme à l'invention, le tiroir doseur étant dans la seconde position active,
  • la figure 7 montre, à échelle agrandie, la position d'une partie du tiroir doseur et de la balance de pression associée, dans le distributeur de la figure 6,
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de deux distributeurs hydrauliques conformes à l'invention, lesdits distributeurs étant chacun relié à un récepteur hydraulique dont l'un est plus chargé que l'autre,
  • la figure 9 montre, à échelle agrandie, la position d'une partie du tiroir doseur et de la balance de pression associée, dans le distributeur le moins chargé de la figure 8,
  • la figure 10 montre le tiroir de la figure 9 avec une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 11 schématise, sous forme de symbole hydraulique, un distributeur conforme à l'invention.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the accompanying drawings, carried out as indicative and non-limiting examples and in which:
  • the figure 1 above illustrates the operating principle of a " Flow Sharing" dispenser ,
  • the figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic distributor according to the invention, the metering slide being in the neutral position,
  • the figure 3 shows, on an enlarged scale, the position of a portion of the metering slide and the associated pressure balance, in the distributor of the figure 2 ,
  • the figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic distributor according to the invention, the metering slide being in the first active position,
  • the figure 5 shows, on an enlarged scale, the position of a portion of the metering slide and the associated pressure balance, in the distributor of the figure 4 ,
  • the figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic distributor according to the invention, the metering slide being in the second active position,
  • the figure 7 shows, on an enlarged scale, the position of a portion of the metering slide and the associated pressure balance, in the distributor of the figure 6 ,
  • the figure 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of two hydraulic distributors according to the invention, said distributors being each connected to a hydraulic receiver, one of which is more loaded than the other,
  • the figure 9 shows, on an enlarged scale, the position of a portion of the metering slide and the associated pressure balance, in the least loaded dispenser of the figure 8 ,
  • the figure 10 shows the drawer of the figure 9 with a variant embodiment,
  • the figure 11 schematically, in the form of a hydraulic symbol, a dispenser according to the invention.

Modes préférés de réalisation de l'invention.Preferred embodiments of the invention

En se rapportant à la figure 2, le distributeur « Flow Sharing » D1 objet de l'invention comprend : un boîtier C pourvu d'un perçage longitudinal dans lequel coulisse un tiroir doseur T, à l'intérieur duquel coulisse au moins une, préférentiellement deux balances de pression B1 et B2. Ces balances sont disposées symétriquement dans le tiroir doseur T. Ces différentes pièces sont obtenues par moulage et/ou usinage d'un matériau métallique, par exemple de l'acier inoxydable ou de l'aluminium. Tout autre matériau convenant à l'Homme du métier peut toutefois être envisagé.By referring to the figure 2 , the distributor "Flow Sharing " D1 object of the invention comprises: a housing C provided with a longitudinal bore in which slides a metering slide T, inside which slides at least one, preferably two pressure balances B1 and B2. These scales are arranged symmetrically in the metering slide T. These different parts are obtained by molding and / or machining a metallic material, for example stainless steel or aluminum. Any other material that is suitable for those skilled in the art may, however, be envisaged.

Le perçage longitudinal du boîtier C comprend plusieurs orifices 1 à 5. Sur les figures annexées, ces derniers se présentent sous la forme de perçages radiaux débouchant dans des gorges annulaires réalisées dans le perçage longitudinal principal.The longitudinal piercing of the housing C comprises several orifices 1 to 5. In the accompanying figures, the latter are in the form of radial bores opening into annular grooves made in the main longitudinal bore.

Un premier orifice 1 débouche dans une conduite de refoulement 10 prédisposée à être raccordée à une source de fluide sous pression P. Cette dernière est typiquement une pompe à débit et pression variables. Le débit pulsé est par exemple compris entre 0 L/min et 200 L/min, et la pression comprise entre 10 bar et 380 bar. Le fluide refoulé par la source P est typiquement de l'huile, mais tout autre fluide convenant à l'homme du métier et qui est adapté au récepteur hydraulique peut être employé.A first port 1 opens into a discharge pipe 10 predisposed to be connected to a source of pressurized fluid P. The latter is typically a pump variable flow and pressure. The pulsed flow rate is for example between 0 L / min and 200 L / min, and the pressure between 10 bar and 380 bar. The fluid discharged from the source P is typically oil, but any other fluid suitable for those skilled in the art and which is adapted to the hydraulic receiver can be used.

Un second orifice 2 débouche dans une conduite de charge 20 prédisposée à être raccordée à la première chambre hydraulique 81 du récepteur hydraulique R1. Sur les figures annexées ce dernier consiste en un vérin comportant un piston double tige 70 et deux chambres hydrauliques 81, 91. Le distributeur D1 peut toutefois être associé à tout autre type de récepteur hydraulique : vérin simple tige, moteur hydraulique, etc.A second port 2 opens into a charge line 20 predisposed to be connected to the first hydraulic chamber 81 of the hydraulic receiver R1. In the accompanying figures, the latter consists of a jack comprising a double rod piston 70 and two hydraulic chambers 81, 91. However, the distributor D1 can be associated with any other type of hydraulic receiver: single rod cylinder, hydraulic motor, etc.

Un troisième orifice 3 débouche dans une conduite prédisposée à être raccordée à une conduite de détection de charge LS (pour l'acronyme anglais « Load Sensing »), pour signaler la pression de charge à un organe de réglage OR de la source de fluide sous pression P. L'organe OR permet de régler automatiquement le débit et la pression du fluide en fonction de la demande du récepteur hydraulique. Un autre troisième orifice 3' est relié à une branche parallèle de la conduite LS.A third orifice 3 opens into a pipe predisposed to be connected to a charge detection line LS (for the acronym "Load Sensing"), to signal the charge pressure to a regulator OR of the fluid source under pressure P. The OR element automatically adjusts fluid flow and pressure to the demand of the hydraulic receiver. Another third port 3 'is connected to a parallel branch of the pipe LS.

Un quatrième orifice 4 débouche dans une conduite prédisposée à être raccordée à une conduite de décharge ou à un environnement à basse pression 40, lequel consiste généralement en un réservoir. Un autre quatrième orifice 4' est relié à une branche parallèle de la conduite 40.A fourth port 4 opens into a conduit predisposed to be connected to a discharge line or a low pressure environment 40, which generally consists of a reservoir. Another fourth orifice 4 'is connected to a parallel branch of the pipe 40.

Un cinquième orifice 5 débouche dans une conduite de charge 50 prédisposée à être raccordée à la seconde chambre hydraulique 91 du récepteur hydraulique R1.A fifth port 5 opens into a charge line 50 predisposed to be connected to the second hydraulic chamber 91 of the hydraulic receiver R1.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur les figures annexées, le premier orifice 1 est positionné sensiblement au milieu du perçage longitudinal principal du boîtier. Les autres orifices sont disposés symétriquement par rapport à un plan radial passant par ce premier orifice 1. On trouve depuis cet orifice 1, vers l'extrémité gauche (respectivement l'extrémité droite) du boîtier : le second orifice 2 (respectivement le cinquième orifice 5), le quatrième orifice 4 (respectivement l'autre quatrième orifice 4') et le troisième orifice 3 (respectivement l'autre troisième orifice 3').In the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying figures, the first port 1 is positioned substantially in the middle of the main longitudinal bore of the housing. The other orifices are arranged symmetrically with respect to a radial plane passing through this first orifice 1. From this orifice 1, towards the left end (respectively the right end) of the housing: the second orifice 2 (respectively the fifth orifice 5), the fourth orifice 4 (respectively the other fourth orifice 4 ') and the third port 3 (respectively the other third port 3').

Un système de passage relie ces différents orifices de façon à autoriser une circulation fluidique au moins entre : le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 ; le premier orifice 1 et le cinquième orifice 5 ; le second orifice 2 et le quatrième orifice 4 ; le cinquième orifice 5 et l'autre quatrième orifice 4'.A passage system connects these different orifices so as to allow fluid circulation at least between: the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2; the first port 1 and the fifth port 5; the second port 2 and the fourth port 4; the fifth port 5 and the other fourth port 4 '.

Le tiroir doseur T est monté coulissant dans le boîtier C de façon à commander des écoulements de fluide à l'intérieur du système de passage précité. Plus précisément, le tiroir T est inséré dans le perçage longitudinal principal du boîtier C, le diamètre externe dudit tiroir étant ajusté au diamètre interne dudit perçage. Le tiroir T comprend un, préférentiellement deux perçages longitudinaux 6, 6'. Le nombre de perçages correspond au nombre de balances de pression qui sont intégrées. Les perçages 6, 6' sont coaxiaux à l'axe du perçage longitudinal principal du boîtier C et sont disposés symétriquement, de part et d'autre d'une paroi radiale centrale 60 du tiroir T. Les perçages longitudinaux 6, 6' présentent chacun : - une portion 61, 61' de moindre diamètre située à proximité de la paroi radiale centrale 60 et dans laquelle est montée une balance de pression B1, B2 ; - et une portion de plus grand diamètre 62, 62' qui est éloignée de ladite paroi radiale centrale 60.The metering slide T is slidably mounted in the housing C to control fluid flows within the aforementioned passage system. Specifically, the drawer T is inserted into the main longitudinal bore of the housing C, the outer diameter of said drawer being adjusted to the inner diameter of said bore. The drawer T comprises one, preferably two longitudinal bores 6, 6 '. The number of holes corresponds to the number of pressure scales that are integrated. The bores 6, 6 'are coaxial with the axis of the main longitudinal bore of the casing C and are arranged symmetrically, on either side of a central radial wall 60 of the drawer T. The longitudinal bores 6, 6' present each a portion 61, 61 'of smaller diameter located near the central radial wall 60 and in which is mounted a pressure balance B1, B2; and a portion of larger diameter 62, 62 'which is remote from said central radial wall 60.

Les perçages longitudinaux 6, 6' sont pourvus de plusieurs canaux radiaux 601, 601', 602, 602', 603, 603' autorisant les écoulements fluidiques, lesquels canaux traversent de part en part le tiroir T. Plus précisément, le premier perçage longitudinal 6 qui est situé à gauche sur les figures annexées comporte, depuis la paroi radiale centrale 60 vers l'extrémité gauche du tiroir T : un premier canal 601 radial, un second canal 602 qui peut être légèrement oblique ou pas, et un troisième canal 603 radial. Les deux premiers canaux 601 et 602 sont agencés au niveau de la portion de moindre diamètre 61 du perçage longitudinal 6, et le troisième canal 603, dans la portion de plus grand diamètre 62. De même, le second perçage longitudinal 6' qui est situé à droite sur les figures annexées comporte, depuis la paroi radiale centrale 60 vers l'extrémité droite du tiroir T : un premier canal 601' radial, un second canal 602' qui peut être légèrement oblique ou pas, et un troisième canal 603' radial disposé dans la portion de plus grand diamètre 62'. Ces canaux 601', 602', 603' sont symétriques des canaux 601, 602, 603.The longitudinal bores 6, 6 'are provided with a plurality of radial channels 601, 601', 602, 602 ', 603, 603' allowing the fluid flows, which channels pass right through the drawer T. More precisely, the first longitudinal bore 6 which is located on the left in the appended figures comprises, from the central radial wall 60 towards the left end of the drawer T: a first channel 601 radial, a second channel 602 which may be slightly oblique or not, and a third channel 603 radial. The first two channels 601 and 602 are arranged at the smaller diameter portion 61 of the longitudinal bore 6, and the third channel 603 in the larger diameter portion 62. Similarly, the second longitudinal bore 6 'which is located to the right in the appended figures comprises, from the central radial wall 60 towards the right end of the drawer T: a first channel 601 'radial, a second channel 602' which may be slightly oblique or not, and a third channel 603 'radial disposed in the larger diameter portion 62 '. These channels 601 ', 602', 603 'are symmetrical with the channels 601, 602, 603.

Le tiroir T comprend au moins une première position active ouvrant un passage d'écoulement entre le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 du boîtier C (figures 4 et 5) et une position neutre obturant ledit passage (figures 2 et 3). Une seconde position active est préférentiellement prévue pour ouvrir un passage d'écoulement entre le premier orifice 1 et le cinquième orifice 5 du boîtier C (figures 6 et 7).The drawer T comprises at least a first active position opening a flow passage between the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2 of the casing C ( Figures 4 and 5 ) and a neutral position closing said passage ( Figures 2 and 3 ). A second active position is preferably provided for opening a flow passage between the first port 1 and the fifth port 5 of the housing C ( Figures 6 and 7 ).

Dans la première position active illustrée sur les figures 4 et 5, le tiroir T est déplacé vers la droite du boîtier C. Le premier canal 601 est positionné devant le premier orifice 1 et le second canal 602 est positionné devant le second orifice 2. Le fluide sous pression peut ainsi alimenter la première chambre 81 du récepteur R1 via : la pompe P, la conduite 10, le premier canal 601, le perçage longitudinal 6, le second canal 602 et la conduite 20. Le troisième canal 603 est positionné devant le troisième orifice 3 et la paroi externe du tiroir T bouche le quatrième orifice 4. La portion 62 du perçage longitudinal 6 est ainsi reliée au troisième orifice 3 et donc à la conduite LS.In the first active position illustrated on the Figures 4 and 5 , the drawer T is moved to the right of the housing C. The first channel 601 is positioned in front of the first orifice 1 and the second channel 602 is positioned in front of the second orifice 2. The pressurized fluid can thus feed the first chamber 81 of the receiver R1 via: the pump P, the pipe 10, the first channel 601, the longitudinal bore 6, the second channel 602 and the pipe 20. The third channel 603 is positioned in front of the third orifice 3 and the outer wall of the drawer T mouths the fourth port 4. The portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 is thus connected to the third port 3 and thus to the LS line.

En outre, dans cette première position active et dans le cas préféré où le tiroir T est pourvu du deuxième perçage longitudinal 6' (figure 4), l'autre premier canal 601' est positionné devant le cinquième orifice 5 et l'autre second canal 602' est positionné devant l'autre quatrième orifice 4'. Le fluide contenu dans la deuxième chambre 91 du récepteur R1 peut donc s'évacuer via : la canalisation 50, l'autre deuxième canal 602' et la conduite 40. Au final, la tige du vérin du récepteur R1 se déplace vers la droite. On note également que dans cette première position active, la paroi externe du tiroir T bouche l'autre troisième orifice 3'.In addition, in this first active position and in the preferred case where the drawer T is provided with the second longitudinal hole 6 '( figure 4 ), the other first channel 601 'is positioned in front of the fifth orifice 5 and the other second channel 602' is positioned in front of the other fourth orifice 4 '. The fluid contained in the second chamber 91 of the receiver R1 can therefore be evacuated via: the pipe 50, the other second channel 602 'and the pipe 40. Finally, the cylinder rod of the receiver R1 moves to the right. Note also that in this first active position, the outer wall of the drawer T mouth the other third port 3 '.

Dans la seconde position active illustrée sur les figures 6 et 7, le tiroir T est déplacé vers la gauche du boîtier C. L'autre premier canal 601' est positionné devant le premier orifice 1 et l'autre second canal 602' est positionné devant le cinquième orifice 5. Le fluide sous pression peut ainsi alimenter la seconde chambre 91 du récepteur R1 via : la pompe P, la conduite 10, l'autre premier canal 601', le perçage longitudinal 6', l'autre second canal 602' et la conduite 50. L'autre troisième canal 603' est positionné devant l'autre troisième orifice 3' et la paroi externe du tiroir T bouche l'autre quatrième orifice 4'. La portion 62' du perçage longitudinal 6' est reliée à l'autre troisième orifice 3' et donc à la conduite LS.In the second active position illustrated on the Figures 6 and 7 , the drawer T is moved to the left of the housing C. The other first channel 601 'is positioned in front of the first orifice 1 and the other second channel 602' is positioned in front of the fifth orifice 5. The pressurized fluid can thus feed the second chamber 91 of the receiver R1 via: the pump P, the pipe 10, the other first channel 601 ', the longitudinal bore 6', the other second channel 602 'and the pipe 50. The other third channel 603' is positioned in front of the other third port 3 'and the outer wall of the drawer T mouth the other fourth port 4'. The portion 62 'of the longitudinal bore 6' is connected to the other third port 3 'and therefore to the LS line.

En se rapportant à la figure 6, dans cette seconde position active, il apparait également que le premier canal 601 est positionné devant le second orifice 2 et que le second canal 602 est positionné devant le quatrième orifice 4. Le fluide contenu dans la première chambre 81 du récepteur R1 peut donc s'évacuer via : la canalisation 20, le deuxième canal 602 et la conduite 40. Au final, la tige du vérin du récepteur R1 se déplace vers la gauche. La paroi externe du tiroir T bouche le troisième orifice 3.By referring to the figure 6 in this second active position, it also appears that the first channel 601 is positioned in front of the second orifice 2 and the second channel 602 is positioned in front of the fourth orifice 4. The fluid contained in the first chamber 81 of the receiver R1 may therefore be evacuate via: line 20, the second channel 602 and the pipe 40. Finally, the cylinder rod of the receiver R1 moves to the left. The outer wall of the drawer T mouths the third orifice 3.

Dans la position neutre illustrée sur les figures 2 et 3, la paroi externe du tiroir T bouche au moins les orifices 1, 3 et subsidiairement 3' : le fluide ne peut donc circuler ni entre les orifices 1 et 2, ni entre les orifices 1 et 5.In the neutral position illustrated on the Figures 2 and 3 , the outer wall of the spool T mouth at least the orifices 1, 3 and subsidiarily 3 ': the fluid can therefore flow neither between the orifices 1 and 2, nor between the orifices 1 and 5.

Sur les figures annexées, le tiroir T est déplacé au moyen d'électro-aimants E1, E2 qui exercent leur force sur chacune de ses extrémités. Chaque électro-aimant E1, E2 coopère avec un ressort de rappel ER1, ER2 dont une extrémité prend appui sur une partie fixe du boîtier C, et une autre extrémité prend appui sur ledit électro-aimant. En mettant sous tension la bobine de l'un des électro-aimants E1 ou E2, une force proportionnelle à l'intensité de commande de ladite bobine est générée sur le tiroir T, lequel se déplace dans la première position active ou dans la seconde position active. En l'absence d'excitation, les ressorts ER1, ER2 placent le tiroir T dans la position neutre. Lorsque le tiroir T se déplace, une section de passage s'ouvre entre le premier orifice 1 et le premier canal 601 (figure 5) ou entre le premier orifice 1 et l'autre premier canal 601' (figure 7), ce qui permet au fluide sous pression de circuler vers le second orifice 2 ou vers le cinquième orifice 5. Quelle que soit la position active, le tiroir T est alors en équilibre entre la force de l'électro-aimant E1, respectivement E2, et celle du ressort ER1, respectivement ER2. Le déplacement du tiroir T est directement proportionnel à l'intensité « I » de la commande de la bobine de l'électro-aimant qui est excité. En effet, la force générée par cet électro-aimant est équilibrée par celle du ressort associé. La section de passage découverte est alors proportionnelle à l'intensité « I ». Au lieu de l'actionnement par électro-aimant, on peut envisager des actionnements par commande mécanique, commande hydraulique, commande pneumatique ou tout autre moyen d'actionnement permettant de déplacer le tiroir T dans le boîtier C.In the accompanying figures, the drawer T is moved by means of electromagnets E1, E2 which exert their force on each of its ends. Each electromagnet E1, E2 cooperates with a return spring ER1, ER2, one end of which bears on a fixed part of the housing C, and another end bears on said electromagnet. By energizing the coil of one of the electromagnets E1 or E2, a force proportional to the driving intensity of said coil is generated on the slide T, which moves in the first active position or in the second position. active. In the absence of excitation, the springs ER1, ER2 place the drawer T in the neutral position. When the drawer T moves, a passage section opens between the first port 1 and the first channel 601 ( figure 5 ) or between the first port 1 and the other first channel 601 '( figure 7 ), which allows the pressurized fluid to flow to the second port 2 or to the fifth port 5. Whatever the active position, the drawer T is then in equilibrium between the force of the electromagnet E1, respectively E2 , and that of the spring ER1, respectively ER2. The displacement of the drawer T is directly proportional to the intensity "I" of the control of the coil of the electromagnet which is excited. Indeed, the force generated by this electromagnet is balanced by that of the associated spring. The section of passage discovered is then proportional to the intensity "I". Instead of actuation by electromagnet, one can consider actuations by mechanical control, hydraulic control, pneumatic control or any other actuating means for moving the drawer T in the housing C.

Au moins une balance de pression B1 est montée coulissante dans le perçage longitudinal 6 du tiroir T, et plus particulièrement dans la portion de moindre diamètre 61. On préfère toutefois insérer une autre balance de pression B2 dans la portion de moindre diamètre 61' du second perçage longitudinal 6'. Les balances B1 et B2 sont identiques. Le diamètre externe de chaque balance B1, B2 est ajusté au diamètre interne de la portion de moindre diamètre 61, 61'.At least one pressure balance B1 is slidably mounted in the longitudinal bore 6 of the slide T, and more particularly in the smaller diameter portion 61. However, it is preferred to insert another pressure balance B2 into the smaller diameter portion 61 'of the second longitudinal drilling 6 '. Balances B1 and B2 are identical. The outer diameter of each balance B1, B2 is adjusted to the inner diameter of the smaller diameter portion 61, 61 '.

La balance B1, respectivement B2, est avantageusement sollicitée par un ressort BR1, respectivement BR2, dont une extrémité prend appui sur l'électro-aimant E1, respectivement E2, et une autre extrémité prend appui sur ladite balance. Ces ressorts BR1 et BR2 sont de simples ressorts de rappel, la pression qu'ils exercent sur les balances B1 et B2 étant négligeable par rapport à la pression du fluide circulant dans les différents passages et notamment celle régnant au niveau des premier et troisième orifices 1, 3, 3', lorsque le tiroir T est dans une position active. Le ressort BR1 agit sur l'extrémité de la balance B1 qui est située dans la portion de plus grand diamètre 62. Ainsi que cela apparait sur les figures 2 et 3, en l'absence de toute sollicitation, la balance B1 est dans une position où elle obture le passage d'écoulement destiné à relier le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 du boîtier C, notamment en obturant le second canal 602. De même, le ressort BR2 agit sur l'extrémité de la seconde balance B2 qui est située dans la portion de plus grand diamètre 62'. En l'absence de toute sollicitation, la seconde balance B2 est dans une position où elle obture le passage d'écoulement destiné à relier le premier orifice 1 et le cinquième orifice 5, en obturant l'autre second canal 602' (figure 2).The balance B1, respectively B2, is advantageously solicited by a spring BR1, respectively BR2, one end bears on the electromagnet E1, respectively E2, and another end is supported on said balance. These springs BR1 and BR2 are simple return springs, the pressure they exert on the scales B1 and B2 being negligible compared to the pressure of the fluid flowing in the different passages and in particular that prevailing at the first and third orifices 1, 3 , 3 ', when the drawer T is in an active position. The spring BR1 acts on the end of the balance B1 which is located in the portion of larger diameter 62. As it appears on the Figures 2 and 3 , in the absence of any stress, the balance B1 is in a position where it closes the flow passage for connecting the first port 1 and the second port 2 of the housing C, in particular by closing the second channel 602. Similarly , the spring BR2 acts on the end of the second balance B2 which is located in the portion of larger diameter 62 '. In the absence of any stress, the second balance B2 is in a position where it closes the flow passage intended to connect the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5, by closing the other second channel 602 '( figure 2 ).

Lorsque le tiroir T est dans la première position active, la balance B1 agit comme point d'étranglement dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2. En se rapportant plus précisément à la figure 5, la balance B1 est configurée pour ouvrir une section de passage entre le second canal 602 et le second orifice 2, un épaulement 700 réalisé sur la paroi externe de ladite balance formant point d'étranglement au niveau de cette section. Cet épaulement 700 se prolonge jusqu'à l'extrémité de la balance B1 qui est en vis-à-vis de la paroi centrale 60. En se rapportant à la figure 4, on constate que dans la première position active du tiroir T, la seconde balance B2 n'est sollicitée que par le ressort BR2. La balance B2 est dans une position neutre où elle obture l'autre second canal 602'. Cependant, la configuration de l'épaulement 700' autorise une circulation fluidique entre le cinquième orifice 5 et l'autre quatrième orifice 4' autour de la balance B2, sans traverser ladite balance, ce qui limite nettement les pertes de charges par rapport aux distributeurs Flow Sharing connus de l'art antérieur.When the drawer T is in the first active position, the balance B1 acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2. Referring more specifically to the figure 5 , the balance B1 is configured to open a passage section between the second channel 602 and the second port 2, a shoulder 700 made on the outer wall of said balance forming a throttling point at this section. This shoulder 700 extends to the end of the balance B1 which is vis-à-vis the central wall 60. Referring to the figure 4 it is found that in the first active position of the drawer T, the second balance B2 is biased only by the spring BR2. The balance B2 is in a neutral position where it closes the other second channel 602 '. However, the configuration of the shoulder 700 'allows a fluid flow between the fifth port 5 and the other fourth port 4' around the balance B2, without crossing said scale, which significantly reduces the pressure losses compared to the distributors Flow sharing known from the prior art.

Lorsque le tiroir T est dans la seconde position active, c'est la balance B2 qui agit comme point d'étranglement dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le cinquième orifice 5 , ladite balance étant configurée pour ouvrir une section de passage entre l'autre second canal 602' et le cinquième orifice 5 (figure 7). Et dans cette seconde position active du tiroir T, la première balance B1 n'est sollicitée que par le ressort BR1, de sorte qu'elle obture le second canal 602. La configuration de l'épaulement 700 autorise une circulation fluidique entre le second orifice 2 et le quatrième orifice 4, autour de la balance B1, sans traverser ladite balance, limitant de fait les pertes de charges.When the drawer T is in the second active position, it is the balance B2 which acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5, said balance being configured to open a section of passage between the other second channel 602 'and the fifth orifice 5 ( figure 7 ). And in this second active position of the drawer T, the first balance B1 is biased only by the spring BR1, so that it closes the second channel 602. The configuration of the shoulder 700 allows a fluid flow between the second port 2 and the fourth port 4, around the balance B1, without crossing said balance, effectively limiting the losses.

Sur les figures 3 et 5, la première balance B1 intègre un conduit 701 débouchant au niveau d'une première ouverture 702 et d'une seconde ouverture 703. Pour simplifier la conception, le conduit 701 consiste en un perçage longitudinal 7012 débouchant au niveau de la première ouverture 702 et en un perçage radial 7013 débouchant au niveau de la seconde ouverture 703. La première ouverture 702 est notamment située sur la face frontale de l'extrémité de la balance B1 qui est dans le prolongement de l'épaulement 700 (c'est-à-dire l'extrémité la plus à droite sur les figures). La seconde ouverture radiale 703 est quant à elle située sur la périphérie de la balance B1, dans une portion qui est proche de l'extrémité sollicitée par le ressort BR1 (c'est-à-dire vers l'extrémité la plus à gauche sur les figures).On the figures 3 and 5 , the first balance B1 includes a conduit 701 opening at a first opening 702 and a second opening 703. To simplify the design, the conduit 701 consists of a longitudinal bore 7012 opening at the first opening 702 and in a radial bore 7013 opening at the second opening 703. The first opening 702 is in particular located on the end face of the end of the balance B1 which is in the extension of the shoulder 700 (that is to say the rightmost end in the figures). The second radial opening 703 is located on the periphery of the balance B1, in a portion which is close to the end biased by the spring BR1 (that is to say towards the left-most end on the figures).

Un gicleur G1 est disposé dans le conduit 701, à la jonction du perçage longitudinal 7012 et du perçage radial 7013. Il a pour fonction de limiter le débit de fluide susceptible de circuler entre les deux ouvertures 702 et 703. Ce gicleur G1 se présente sous la forme d'un orifice dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui des perçages. Par exemple, si le diamètre des perçages 7012, 7013 est d'environ 5 mm, le diamètre du gicleur G1 est d'environ 1,2 mm.A nozzle G1 is disposed in the conduit 701, at the junction of the longitudinal bore 7012 and the radial bore 7013. Its function is to limit the flow of fluid capable of flowing between the two openings 702 and 703. This nozzle G1 is present the shape of an orifice whose diameter is smaller than that of the holes. For example, if the diameter of the bores 7012, 7013 is about 5 mm, the diameter of the nozzle G1 is about 1.2 mm.

Comme cela apparait clairement sur les figures 3 et 5, le perçage longitudinal 7012 peut se prolonger pour déboucher au niveau d'une troisième ouverture 704. Cette ouverture est située sur la face frontale de l'extrémité de la balance B1 qui est sollicitée par le ressort BR1. Un autre gicleur G2 est disposé dans le prolongement du perçage 7012, au niveau de la jonction avec le perçage radial 7013. Ce gicleur G2 a pour fonction de limiter le débit de fluide susceptible de circuler entre les deux ouvertures 702 et 704. Ce gicleur G2 se présente avantageusement sous la forme d'un orifice dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui du gicleur G1, par exemple d'environ 0,6 mm.As it is clear from the figures 3 and 5 , the longitudinal bore 7012 can be extended to open at a third opening 704. This opening is located on the front face of the end of the balance B1 which is biased by the spring BR1. Another nozzle G2 is disposed in the extension of the bore 7012, at the junction with the radial bore 7013. This nozzle G2 has the function of limiting the flow of fluid capable of flowing between the two openings 702 and 704. This nozzle G2 is advantageously in the form of an orifice whose diameter is smaller than that of the nozzle G1, for example about 0.6 mm.

De même, en se rapportant à la figure 7, la seconde balance B2 intègre un conduit 701' débouchant au niveau d'une première ouverture 702' et d'une seconde ouverture 703'. Un perçage longitudinal 7012' débouche au niveau de la première ouverture 702' et un perçage radial 7013' débouche au niveau de la seconde ouverture 703'. La première ouverture 702' est située sur la face frontale de l'extrémité de la balance B2 qui est dans le prolongement de l'épaulement 700'. La seconde ouverture radiale 703' est située sur la périphérie de la balance B2, dans une portion qui est proche de l'extrémité sollicitée par le ressort BR2. Un gicleur G1' est disposé dans le conduit 701' pour limiter le débit de fluide susceptible de circuler entre les deux ouvertures 702' et 703'. Ce gicleur G1' est identique au gicleur G1 précité. Le perçage longitudinal 7012' se prolonge avantageusement pour déboucher au niveau d'une troisième ouverture 704' située sur la face frontale de l'extrémité de la balance B2 qui est sollicitée par le ressort BR2. Un autre gicleur G2', identique au gicleur G2 précité, est disposé dans le prolongement du perçage 7012' pour limiter le débit de fluide susceptible de circuler entre les deux ouvertures 702' et 704'.Similarly, referring to the figure 7 , the second balance B2 integrates a duct 701 'opening at a first opening 702' and a second opening 703 '. A longitudinal bore 7012 'opens at the first opening 702' and a radial bore 7013 'opens at the second opening 703'. The first opening 702 'is located on the front face of the end of the balance B2 which is in the extension of the shoulder 700'. The second radial opening 703 'is located on the periphery of the balance B2, in a portion which is close to the end biased by the spring BR2. A nozzle G1 'is disposed in the conduit 701' to limit the flow of fluid able to flow between the two openings 702 'and 703'. This nozzle G1 'is identical to the aforementioned nozzle G1. The longitudinal bore 7012 'is advantageously extended to open at a third opening 704' located on the end face of the end of the balance B2 which is biased by the spring BR2. Another nozzle G2 ', identical to the nozzle G2 above, is disposed in the extension of the bore 7012' to limit the flow of fluid capable of flowing between the two openings 702 'and 704'.

En se rapportant aux figures 4 à 5, lorsque le tiroir T se déplace dans la première position active, le fluide sous pression issu de la pompe P circule dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 du boîtier C. Ce fluide sous pression agit sur l'épaulement 700 de la balance B1. La pression du fluide régnant dans ce passage d'écoulement est supérieure ou égale à la pression régnant dans la portion 62 du perçage longitudinal 6 qui est reliée au troisième orifice 3 (c'est-à-dire la pression dans la conduite LS). De fait, la balance B1 est repoussée vers la gauche, jusqu'à venir en butée contre l'électro-aimant E1. L'ouverture 704 est obturée.By referring to Figures 4 to 5 when the slide T moves into the first active position, the pressurized fluid from the pump P flows in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2 of the casing C. This fluid under pressure acts on the shoulder 700 of the balance B1. The pressure of the fluid prevailing in this flow passage is greater than or equal to the pressure prevailing in the portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 which is connected to the third orifice 3 (that is to say the pressure in the pipe LS). In fact, the balance B1 is pushed to the left, until it comes into abutment against the electromagnet E1. The opening 704 is closed.

Dans cette première position active du tiroir T : - la balance B1 agit comme point d'étranglement dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 ; - la première ouverture 702 est placée dans ce passage d'écoulement ; - la seconde ouverture 703 est placée dans la portion de plus grand diamètre 62 du perçage longitudinal 6. L'information de pression de charge (c'est-à-dire la pression dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2) est alors transmise à la conduite LS via : la première ouverture 702, le conduit 701, le gicleur G1, la seconde ouverture 703, la portion 62, le troisième canal 603 et le troisième orifice 3. Ce signal LS est ensuite envoyé à l'organe de réglage OR de la pompe P et au niveau de l'autre troisième orifice 3'.In this first active position of the drawer T: the balance B1 acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2; the first opening 702 is placed in this flow passage; the second opening 703 is placed in the larger diameter portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6. The charge pressure information (i.e. the pressure in the flow passage connecting the first port 1 and the second port 2) is then transmitted to the line LS via: the first opening 702, the duct 701, the nozzle G1, the second opening 703, the portion 62, the third channel 603 and the third orifice 3. This signal LS is then sent to the adjustment member OR of the pump P and at the other third port 3 '.

Dans cette première position active du tiroir T, le fluide sans pression issu de la seconde chambre 91 du récepteur R1 circule dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le cinquième orifice 5 et l'autre quatrième orifice 4' du boîtier C, sans traverser la seconde balance B2. L'action combinée du ressort BR2 et du gicleur G2' repousse la seconde balance B2 vers la gauche, en butée contre la paroi 60, les ouvertures 702' et surtout 703' étant obturées. Plus particulièrement, la première ouverture 702' est obturée par la face frontale de la paroi centrale 60 et la seconde ouverture 703' est obturée par la surface active interne de la portion de moindre diamètre 61' du perçage longitudinal 6'. L'orifice 3' est en tout état de cause obturé par le tiroir T. De fait, le fluide issu de la conduite LS ne peut pas circuler vers le cinquième orifice 5, et donc vers la branche la moins chargée du récepteur R1.In this first active position of the drawer T, the fluid without pressure from the second chamber 91 of the receiver R1 flows in the flow passage connecting the fifth port 5 and the other fourth port 4 'of the housing C, without crossing the second B2 balance. The combined action of the spring BR2 and the nozzle G2 'pushes the second balance B2 to the left, in abutment against the wall 60, the openings 702' and especially 703 'being closed. More particularly, the first opening 702 'is closed by the end face of the central wall 60 and the second opening 703' is closed by the internal active surface of the smaller diameter portion 61 'of the longitudinal bore 6'. The orifice 3 'is in any case closed by the drawer T. In fact, the fluid coming from the pipe LS does not can not flow to the fifth port 5, and therefore to the least loaded branch of the receiver R1.

De la même façon, en se rapportant aux figures 6 et 7, lorsque le tiroir T se déplace dans la seconde position active, le fluide sous pression issu de la pompe P circule dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le cinquième orifice 5 du boîtier C. Ce fluide sous pression agit sur l'épaulement 700' de la seconde balance B2, la pression du fluide régnant dans ce passage d'écoulement étant supérieure ou égale à la pression régnant dans la portion 62' du perçage longitudinal 6' qui est reliée à l'autre troisième orifice 3' (c'est-à-dire la pression dans la conduite LS). De fait, la seconde balance B2 est repoussée vers la droite, jusqu'à venir en butée contre l'électro-aimant E2. L'ouverture 704' est obturée.Similarly, referring to Figures 6 and 7 when the spool T moves into the second active position, the pressurized fluid from the pump P circulates in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5 of the casing C. This fluid under pressure acts on the shoulder 700 'of the second balance B2, the pressure of the fluid in this flow passage being greater than or equal to the pressure in the portion 62' of the longitudinal bore 6 'which is connected to the other third orifice 3' (ie the pressure in the LS line). In fact, the second balance B2 is pushed to the right, until it comes into abutment against the electromagnet E2. The opening 704 'is closed.

Dans cette seconde position active : - la seconde balance B2 agit comme point d'étranglement dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le cinquième orifice 5 ; - la première ouverture 702' est placée dans ce passage d'écoulement ; - la seconde ouverture 703' est placée dans la portion de plus grand diamètre 62' du perçage longitudinal 6' qui est reliée à l'autre troisième orifice 3'. L'information de pression de charge est alors transmise à la conduite LS via : la première ouverture 702', le conduit 701', le gicleur G1', la seconde ouverture 703', la portion 62', le troisième canal 603' et l'autre troisième orifice 3'.In this second active position: the second balance B2 acts as a throttling point in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the fifth orifice 5; the first opening 702 'is placed in this flow passage; the second opening 703 'is placed in the portion of larger diameter 62' of the longitudinal bore 6 'which is connected to the other third orifice 3'. The charge pressure information is then transmitted to the LS via: the first opening 702 ', the conduit 701', the nozzle G1 ', the second opening 703', the portion 62 ', the third channel 603' and the other third port 3 '.

Dans cette seconde position active, le fluide issu de la première chambre 81 du récepteur R1 circule dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le second orifice 2 et le quatrième orifice 4 du boîtier C, sans traverser la balance B1. L'action combinée du ressort BR1 et du gicleur G2 repousse la balance B1 vers la droite, jusqu'à venir en butée contre la paroi 60, les ouvertures 702 et surtout 703 étant obturées. Plus particulièrement, la première ouverture 702 est obturée par la face frontale de la paroi centrale 60 et la seconde ouverture 703 est obturée par la surface active interne de la portion de moindre diamètre 61 du perçage longitudinal 6. L'orifice 3 est en tout état de cause obturé par le tiroir T. De fait, le fluide issu de la conduite LS ne peut pas circuler vers le second orifice 2, et donc vers la branche la moins chargée du récepteur R1.In this second active position, the fluid from the first chamber 81 of the receiver R1 flows in the flow passage connecting the second port 2 and the fourth port 4 of the housing C, without crossing the balance B1. The combined action of the spring BR1 and the nozzle G2 pushes the balance B1 to the right, until it abuts against the wall 60, the openings 702 and especially 703 being closed. More particularly, the first opening 702 is closed by the end face of the central wall 60 and the second opening 703 is closed off by the internal active surface of the smaller diameter portion 61 of the longitudinal bore 6. The orifice 3 is in any state In fact, the fluid from the LS pipe can not flow to the second port 2, and therefore to the least loaded branch of the receiver R1.

Lorsque la balance B1 ou B2 est repoussée vers la paroi centrale 60 du tiroir T, il est avantageux que le fluide situé entre cette paroi et l'extrémité de ladite balance puisse s'échapper de façon à ne pas (ou peu) s'opposer au déplacement. Grâce à la conception astucieuse des balances B1, B2, ce fluide s'évacue vers la portion de plus grand diamètre 62, 62' via : la première ouverture 702, 702', le conduit 701, 701', le gicleur G2, G2' et la troisième ouverture 704, 704'.When the balance B1 or B2 is pushed towards the central wall 60 of the drawer T, it is advantageous for the fluid situated between this wall and the end of said balance to escape so as not to (or hardly) oppose to displacement. Thanks to the clever design of balances B1, B2, this fluid is evacuated towards the portion of larger diameter 62, 62 'via: the first opening 702, 702', the duct 701, 701 ', the nozzle G2, G2' and the third opening 704, 704 '.

La figure 11 schématise, sous forme de symbole hydraulique, le distributeur D1 qui vient d'être décrit, simultanément : dans la première position I, dans la seconde position active II et dans la position neutre N.The figure 11 schematizes, in the form of a hydraulic symbol, the distributor D1 which has just been described, simultaneously: in the first position I, in the second active position II and in the neutral position N.

Le distributeur objet de l'invention est préférentiellement destiné à être installé dans un engin motorisé du type véhicule de chantier ou véhicule agricole. Cet engin comporte généralement : - une source de fluide sous pression (typiquement une pompe embarquée), - au moins un récepteur hydraulique R1 (par exemple le vérin d'une pelle mécanique ou d'un outil agricole) pourvu d'au moins une chambre hydraulique 81, - une conduite de détection de charge (ou conduite LS) prédisposée à signaler la pression de charge dudit récepteur à un organe de réglage de ladite source de fluide sous pression, - une conduite de décharge 40 ou un environnement à basse pression (typiquement un réservoir). Il suffit au monteur de raccorder: - le premier orifice 1 à la source de fluide sous pression, P ; - le second orifice 2 à la première chambre hydraulique 81 du récepteur R1 ; les troisièmes orifices 3 et 3' à la conduite LS ; les quatrièmes orifices 4 et 4' à la conduite de décharge 40 ou à l'environnement à basse pression ; le cinquième orifice 5 à la seconde chambre hydraulique 91 du récepteur R1.The distributor object of the invention is preferably intended to be installed in a motorized vehicle of the type construction vehicle or agricultural vehicle. This machine generally comprises: a source of pressurized fluid (typically an on-board pump), at least one hydraulic receiver R1 (for example the jack of an excavator or agricultural implement) provided with at least one chamber hydraulic 81, - a charge detection line (or line LS) predisposed to signal the charge pressure of said receiver to an adjusting member of said source of fluid under pressure, - a discharge line 40 or a low pressure environment ( typically a tank). It is sufficient for the assembler to connect: - the first port 1 to the source of fluid under pressure, P; the second orifice 2 to the first hydraulic chamber 81 of the receiver R1; the third ports 3 and 3 'to the LS line; the fourth orifices 4 and 4 'to the discharge line 40 or to the low pressure environment; the fifth port 5 to the second hydraulic chamber 91 of the receiver R1.

L'engin peut comporter deux ou un nombre supérieur de récepteurs hydrauliques fonctionnant simultanément et consistant par exemple en deux vérins associés à deux outils particuliers. La figure 8 schématise un tel montage où au moins un deuxième récepteur hydraulique R2 est branché sur le circuit hydraulique décrit précédemment, au moyen d'un autre distributeur D2 branché en parallèle. Ce distributeur D2 est identique au distributeur D1. Son premier orifice 1 est raccordé à la source commune de fluide sous pression P ; - son second orifice 2 à la première chambre hydraulique 82 du récepteur R2 ; ses troisièmes orifices 3 et 3' à la conduite LS commune ; ses quatrièmes orifices 4 et 4' à la conduite de décharge 40 commune ou à l'environnement à basse pression ; son cinquième orifice 5 à la seconde chambre hydraulique 92 du récepteur R2.The machine may comprise two or more hydraulic receivers operating simultaneously and consist for example of two jacks associated with two particular tools. The figure 8 schematically such a mounting where at least a second hydraulic receiver R2 is connected to the hydraulic circuit described above, by means of another distributor D2 connected in parallel. This distributor D2 is identical to the distributor D1. Its first port 1 is connected to the common source of pressurized fluid P; its second orifice 2 to the first hydraulic chamber 82 of the receiver R2; its third ports 3 and 3 'to the common line LS; its fourth orifices 4 and 4 'to the common discharge line 40 or to the low pressure environment; its fifth port 5 to the second hydraulic chamber 92 of the receiver R2.

Dans ce montage, les deux récepteurs R1 et R2 sont des vérins travaillant en simultané, et dont les tiges doivent être déplacées du même côté (vers la droite sur la figure 8). Le récepteur R1 est le récepteur le plus chargé, le ressort 71 schématisé à l'extrémité de la tige du vérin illustrant cette charge supplémentaire. Le tiroir T1, T2 de chacun des distributeurs est déplacé dans la première position : le passage d'écoulement entre les orifices 1 et 2 est ouvert dans chacun des distributeurs.In this assembly, the two receivers R1 and R2 are jacks working simultaneously, and whose rods must be moved on the same side (to the right on the figure 8 ). The receiver R1 is the most loaded receiver, the spring 71 shown schematically at the end of the rod of the cylinder illustrating this additional load. The drawer T1, T2 of each of the distributors is moved to the first position: the flow passage between the orifices 1 and 2 is open in each of the distributors.

Le récepteur R1 étant le plus chargé, la pression régnant au niveau du second orifice 2 du distributeur D1 est supérieure à celle régnant au niveau du second orifice 2 du distributeur D2. Le tiroir T1 du distributeur D1, et les balances B1, B2 qui y sont associées, sont dans une position configuration à celle décrite en référence à la figure 5. La pression de charge la plus importante (c'est-à-dire la pression dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 du distributeur D1) s'établit dans la conduite LS commune aux deux distributeurs D1 et D2. La différence de pression ΔP aux bornes 1 et 2 du distributeur D1 est donc égale à ΔPD1 = Psource de fluide - PLS. Le débit qui traverse le tiroir doseur T1 est de fait indépendant de la charge.The receiver R1 being the most loaded, the pressure at the second port 2 of the distributor D1 is greater than that at the second port 2 of the distributor D2. The drawer T1 of the distributor D1, and the scales B1, B2 associated therewith, are in a configuration position to that described with reference to FIG. figure 5 . The highest loading pressure (that is to say the pressure in the flow passage connecting the first port 1 and the second port 2 of the distributor D1) is established in the line LS common to the two distributors D1 and D2. The pressure difference ΔP at the terminals 1 and 2 of the distributor D1 is therefore equal to ΔP D1 = P source of fluid - P LS . The flow rate through the metering slide T1 is in fact independent of the load.

La figure 9 illustre en détail le comportement du distributeur D2 au niveau de sa première balance B1. Sa balance B2 est dans une position identique à celle de la balance B2 du distributeur B1. La pression du fluide régnant dans le passage d'écoulement reliant le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 est inférieure à la pression régnant dans la portion 62 du perçage longitudinal 6 dudit tiroir T2 (c'est-à-dire la pression régnant dans la conduite LS). Cette balance B1 a donc tendance à être déplacée vers la droite. La seconde ouverture 703 est alors obturée par la paroi active interne de la portion de moindre diamètre 61 du perçage longitudinal 6 du tiroir T1 : le fluide issu de la conduite LS ne peut pas circuler vers le second orifice 2 du récepteur R2, et donc vers la branche la moins chargée.The figure 9 illustrates in detail the behavior of the distributor D2 at its first balance B1. Its balance B2 is in a position identical to that of the balance B2 of the distributor B1. The pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow passage connecting the first orifice 1 and the second orifice 2 is less than the pressure prevailing in the portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 of said spool T2 (that is to say the pressure prevailing in driving LS). This balance B1 therefore tends to be moved to the right. The second opening 703 is then closed by the internal active wall of the smaller diameter portion 61 of the longitudinal bore 6 of the spool T1: the fluid from the pipe LS can not flow to the second orifice 2 of the receiver R2, and therefore to the least loaded branch.

Il est toutefois nécessaire de maintenir une différence de pression constante aux bornes 1 et 2 du distributeur D2. En se rapportant à la figure 9, la balance B1 du distributeur D2, et notamment son épaulement 700, agit comme point d'étranglement dans la section de passage entre le second canal 602 et le second orifice 2, créant une perte de charge qui augmente jusqu'à ce que la pression au niveau dudit point d'étranglement soit égale à celle dans la portion 62 du perçage longitudinal 6 du tiroir T2 (c'est-à-dire la pression dans la conduite LS). La différence de pression ΔP aux bornes 1 et 2 du distributeur D2 est donc égale à ΔPD2 = Psource de fluide - PLS = ΔPD1. Le débit qui traverse le tiroir doseur T2 est bien indépendant de la charge. En résumé, les débits traversant respectivement les distributeurs D1 et D2, restent identiques, quelles que soient les conditions de charge des récepteurs R1 et R2.It is however necessary to maintain a constant pressure difference at terminals 1 and 2 of the distributor D2. By referring to the figure 9 the balance B1 of the distributor D2, and in particular its shoulder 700, acts as a throttling point in the passage section between the second channel 602 and the second orifice 2, creating a loss of pressure which increases until the pressure at said point of restriction is equal to that in the portion 62 of the longitudinal bore 6 of the spool T2 (that is to say the pressure in the pipe LS). The pressure difference ΔP at the terminals 1 and 2 of the distributor D2 is therefore equal to ΔP D2 = P source of fluid - P LS = ΔP D1 . The flow rate through the metering slide T2 is independent of the load. In summary, the flow rates through distributors D1 and D2, respectively, remain the same, regardless of the load conditions of the receivers R1 and R2.

Le fluide en mouvement autour de la balance B1 du distributeur D2, et contrairement à un fluide statique, génère des efforts hydrodynamiques (aussi appelés effets de jet) qui ont tendance à vouloir fermer ladite balance. Pour compenser ces effets, la pression au niveau du point d'étranglement dans la section de passage entre le second canal 602 et le second orifice 2 augmente. Et la différence de pression ΔP aux bornes 1 et 2 du distributeur D2 diminue de l'ordre de 1 à 2 bars, entrainant une chute plus ou moins prononcée du débit de la tranche la moins chargée. Ce phénomène s'amplifie pour des différences de pression importantes entre les tranches et pour des débits aux bornes des doseurs D1, D2 importants. Afin de compenser cette chute de débit, et comme cela apparait sur la figure 10, il est avantageux d'usiner sur le tiroir doseur T2 (et T1), des fentes de régulation 6000 jouant le rôle de gicleur variable en fonction de la course du tiroir et qui agissent entre les orifices 1 et 2 ou 1 et 5 en parallèle de l'action de la balance. Ces fentes 6000 sont réalisées sur la paroi externe du tiroir doseur, et sont longitudinales. Elles sont configurées pour créer un passage d'écoulement formant gicleur entre le premier orifice 1 et le second orifice 2 (respectivement le cinquième orifice 5). Ainsi, ces fentes 6000 permettent de prélever une petite quantité de débit sur le premier orifice sous pression 1 et de le transférer vers le second orifice 2 (ou vers le cinquième orifice 5), en court-circuitant le point d'étranglement dans la section de passage entre le second canal 602 et le second orifice 2 (ou entre l'autre second canal 602' et l'orifice 5). Les fentes 6000 permettent alors de compenser les effets de jet qui entraine une chute du débit dans la tranche la moins chargée.The fluid moving around the balance B1 of the distributor D2, and unlike a static fluid, generates hydrodynamic forces (also called jet effects) which tend to want to close said balance. To compensate for these effects, the pressure at the point of constriction in the passage section between the second channel 602 and the second port 2 increases. And the pressure difference ΔP at terminals 1 and 2 of the distributor D2 decreases on the order of 1 to 2 bars, resulting in a more or less pronounced drop in the flow rate of the least loaded slice. This phenomenon is amplified for significant differences in pressure between the slices and for flow rates at the terminals of the large dosers D1, D2. In order to compensate for this drop in flow, and as it appears on the figure 10 , it is advantageous to machine on the metering slide T2 (and T1), regulating slots 6000 acting as variable nozzle according to the travel of the slide and which act between the orifices 1 and 2 or 1 and 5 in parallel the action of the balance. These slots 6000 are made on the outer wall of the metering slide, and are longitudinal. They are configured to create a nozzle flow passage between the first port 1 and the second port 2 (respectively the fifth port 5). Thus, these slots 6000 allow to take a small amount of flow on the first pressure port 1 and transfer it to the second port 2 (or to the fifth port 5), bypassing the throttling point in the section passing between the second channel 602 and the second port 2 (or between the other second channel 602 'and the orifice 5). The slots 6000 then make it possible to compensate for the jet effects which causes a drop in the flow rate in the least loaded slice.

Dans le cas d'un système saturé, plus le degré de saturation est élevé, plus la différence de pression aux bornes des différents distributeurs D1 et D2 diminue, plus les mouvements ralentissent, mais comme, cette différence de pression reste identique quelle que soit le distributeur, on conserve une proportionnalité des débits des distributeurs.In the case of a saturated system, the higher the degree of saturation, the more the pressure difference across the different distributors D1 and D2 decreases, the more the movements slow down, but as this pressure difference remains the same regardless of the Distributor, we keep a proportionality of the flow rates of the distributors.

L'invention doit être comprise comme s'appliquant à un engin comporte n (n>2) récepteurs hydrauliques fonctionnant simultanément. Le fonctionnement est identique à celui décrit précédemment en référence aux figures 8 et 9.The invention must be understood as applying to a machine comprises n (n> 2) hydraulic receivers operating simultaneously. The operation is identical to that described above with reference to figures 8 and 9 .

L'agencement des différents éléments et/ou moyens et/ou étapes de l'invention, dans les modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus, ne doit pas être compris comme exigeant un tel agencement dans toutes les implémentations. En tout état de cause, on comprendra que diverses modifications peuvent être apportées à ces éléments et/ou moyens et/ou étapes, dans les limites définies par les revendications.The arrangement of the various elements and / or means and / or steps of the invention, in the embodiments described above, should not be understood as requiring such an arrangement in all implementations. In any case, it will be understood that various modifications can be made to these elements and / or means and / or steps, within the limits defined by the claims.

Claims (11)

  1. Hydraulic directional control valve comprising:
    - a housing (C) provided with a longitudinal drilling comprising:
    ∘ a first orifice (1) opening into a delivery pipe (10) predisposed to be coupled to a pressurized fluid source (P),
    ∘ a second orifice (2) opening into a load pipe (20) predisposed to be connected to a first hydraulic chamber (81) of a hydraulic receiver (R1),
    ∘ a third orifice (3) opening into a pipe predisposed to be connected to a load sensing pipe (LS) to signal the load pressure to a regulating member (OR) that regulates the pressurized fluid source (P),
    ∘ a flow path system connected to the said orifices,
    - a metering spool (T) mounted with the ability to slide in the housing (C) so as to control the flows of fluid within the path system, the said spool comprising: an active position (I) opening a flow path between the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the housing (C), a neutral position (N) blocking the said path,
    - at least one pressure compensator (B1) mounted with the ability to slide in a longitudinal drilling (6) of the metering spool (T), the said compensator being arranged so that, when the said spool is in the active position (I), this compensator acts as a restriction in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the housing (C), being acted upon: on one side by the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the said flow path and, on the other, by the pressure prevailing in a portion (62) of the longitudinal drilling of the said spool, which portion is connected to the third orifice (3) of the said housing,
    - the said compensator (B1) incorporates a pipe (701) opening at the level of a first opening (702) and of a second opening (703), the said openings being arranged in such a way that, when the metering spool (T) is in the active position (I):
    ∘ the first opening (702) is placed in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the housing (C),
    ∘ the second opening (703) is placed in the portion (62) of the longitudinal drilling (6) of the metering spool (T), which portion is connected to the third orifice (3) of the housing (C) when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the said housing is greater than or equal to the pressure prevailing in the said portion (62) of the longitudinal drilling (6),
    being characterized in that the second opening (703) of the pipe (701) of the compensator (B1) is blocked by an active wall (61) of the longitudinal drilling (6) of the metering spool (T), when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the housing (C) is less than the pressure prevailing in the portion (62) of the longitudinal drilling (6) of the said spool, which portion is connected to the third orifice (3) of the housing (C).
  2. Hydraulic directional control valve according to Claim 1, in which the pipe (701) of the compensator (B1) comprises a longitudinal drilling (7012) opening at the first opening (702) and a radial drilling (7013) opening at the second opening (703), a nozzle (G1) being positioned where the two said drillings meet.
  3. Hydraulic directional control valve according to Claim 2, in which the longitudinal drilling (7012) is extended to open at the level of a third opening (704) positioned in the portion (62) of the longitudinal drilling (6) of the metering spool (T), which portion is connected to the third orifice (3) of the housing (C), another nozzle (G2) being positioned in the continuation of the said longitudinal drilling.
  4. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of the preceding claims, in which the housing (C) comprises:
    - a fourth orifice (4) opening into a pipe predisposed to be connected to a discharge pipe (40) or to a low-pressure environment,
    - a flow path connected to the second orifice (2) of the said housing and to the said fourth orifice (4), which path is configured so that the fluid flows along this path without passing through the pressure compensator (B1).
  5. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of the preceding claims, in which the pressure regulator (B1) is loaded by a spring (BR1) acting on the end of the said compensator which is situated in the portion (62) of the longitudinal drilling (6) of the metering spool (T), which portion is connected to the third orifice (3) of the housing (C) so that, in the absence of any stress loading, the said compensator blocks the flow path intended to connect the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the said housing.
  6. Hydraulic directional control valve according to Claim 5, in which the pressure applied by the spring (BR1) to the compensator (B1) is negligible with respect to the pressure prevailing at the level of the first orifice (1) and the pressure prevailing at the level of the third orifice (3) when the metering spool (T) is in the active position (I).
  7. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of the preceding claims, in which longitudinal slots (6000) are produced on the external wall of the metering spool (T), which slots are configured to create a flow path forming a nozzle between the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2).
  8. Hydraulic directional control valve according to one of the preceding claims, in which:
    - the housing (C) comprises:
    ∘ another third orifice (3') opening into a pipe predisposed to be connected to the load sensing pipe (LS) to signal the load pressure to the regulating member (OR) that regulates the pressurized fluid source (P),
    ∘ fourth orifices (4, 4') opening into a pipe predisposed to be connected to a discharge pipe (40) or to a low-pressure environment,
    ∘ a fifth orifice (5) opening into a load pipe (50) predisposed to be connected to a second hydraulic chamber (91) of the hydraulic receiver (R1),
    ∘ a flow path system connected to the said orifices,
    - the metering spool (T) comprising at least three positions: a first active position (I) opening a flow path between the first orifice (1) and the second orifice (2) of the housing (C), a second active position (II) opening a flow path between the first orifice (1) and the fifth orifice (5) of the said housing and a neutral position (N) blocking these paths,
    - a second pressure compensator (B2) is mounted with the ability to slide in a longitudinal drilling (6') of the metering spool (T), the said second compensator being designed so that, when the said spool is in the second active position (II), the compensator acts as restriction in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the fifth orifice (5) of the housing (C) by being acted upon: on one side by the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the said flow path and, on the other side, by the pressure prevailing in a portion (62') of the longitudinal drilling (6') of the said spool, which portion is connected to the other third orifice (3') of the said housing,
    - the said second compensator (B2) incorporates a pipe (701') opening at the level of a first opening (702') and at the level of a second opening (703'), the said openings being arranged in such a way that, when the metering spool (T) is in the second active position (II) :
    ∘ the first opening (702') is positioned in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the fifth orifice (5) of the housing (C),
    ∘ the second opening (703') is placed in the portion (62') of the longitudinal drilling (6) of the metering spool (T) which is connected to the other third orifice (3') of the housing (C) when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the fifth orifice (5) of the said housing is greater than or equal to the pressure prevailing in the said portion (62') of the longitudinal drilling (6'),
    - the second opening (703') of the pipe (701') of the second compensator (B2) is blocked by an active wall (61') of the longitudinal drilling (6') of the metering spool (T) when the pressure of the fluid prevailing in the flow path connecting the first orifice (1) and the fifth orifice (5) of the housing (C) is less than the pressure prevailing in the portion (62') of the longitudinal drilling (6') of the said spool, which portion is connected to the other third orifice (3') of the said housing.
  9. Motorized vehicle incorporating a hydraulic circuit comprising: - a pressurized fluid source (P), - at least one hydraulic receiver (R1) provided with at least a first hydraulic chamber (81), - a load sensing pipe (LS) predisposed to signal the load pressure of the said receiver to a regulating member (OR) that regulates the said pressurized fluid source, - a discharge pipe (40) or a low-pressure environment,
    being characterized in that a hydraulic directional control valve (D1) according to Claim 1 is connected to the hydraulic circuit in such a way that:
    - its first orifice (1) is connected to the pressurized fluid source (P),
    - a second orifice (2) is connected to the first hydraulic chamber (81) of the hydraulic receiver (R1),
    - its third orifice (3) is connected to the load sensing pipe (LS).
  10. Motorized vehicle according to Claim 9, in which the hydraulic receiver (R1) is provided with a second hydraulic chamber (91), and in which the hydraulic directional control valve (D1) is in accordance with Claim 8, which directional control valve is connected to the hydraulic circuit in such a way that:
    - the first orifice (1) is connected to the pressurized fluid source (P),
    - the second orifice (2) is connected to the first hydraulic chamber (81) of the hydraulic receiver (R1),
    - the third orifices (3, 3') are connected to the load sensing pipe (LS),
    - the fourth orifices (4, 4') are connected to the discharge pipe (40) or to the low-pressure environment,
    - the fifth orifice (5) is connected to the second hydraulic chamber (91) of the hydraulic receiver (R1).
  11. Motorized vehicle according to Claim 10, in which, with the hydraulic circuit further comprising a second hydraulic receiver (R2) provided with two hydraulic chambers (82, 92), at least one second hydraulic directional control valve (D2) according to Claim 8 is connected to the said hydraulic circuit in such a way that:
    - its first orifice (1) is connected to the pressurized fluid source (P),
    - its second orifice (2) is connected to the first hydraulic chamber (82) of the second hydraulic receiver (R2),
    - its third orifices (3, 3') are connected to the load sensing pipe (LS),
    - its fourth orifices (4, 4') are connected to the discharge pipe (40) or to the low-pressure environment,
    - its fifth orifice (5) is connected to the second hydraulic chamber (92) of the second hydraulic receiver (R2).
EP13820798.0A 2012-12-18 2013-12-11 Hydraulic directional control valve with integrated pressure compensating valve and motor vehicle including such a directional control valve Active EP2935905B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201330659T SI2935905T1 (en) 2012-12-18 2013-12-11 Hydraulic directional control valve with integrated pressure compensating valve and motor vehicle including such a directional control valve

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1262279A FR2999623B1 (en) 2012-12-18 2012-12-18 HYDRAULIC DISPENSER WITH INTEGRATED PRESSURE BALANCE AND MOTORIZED ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DISTRIBUTOR
PCT/FR2013/053029 WO2014096630A1 (en) 2012-12-18 2013-12-11 Hydraulic distributor with in-built pressure compensator, and motorized vehicle equipped with such a distributor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2935905A1 EP2935905A1 (en) 2015-10-28
EP2935905B1 true EP2935905B1 (en) 2017-03-08

Family

ID=47989127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13820798.0A Active EP2935905B1 (en) 2012-12-18 2013-12-11 Hydraulic directional control valve with integrated pressure compensating valve and motor vehicle including such a directional control valve

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2935905B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2999623B1 (en)
SI (1) SI2935905T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014096630A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4617798A (en) * 1983-04-13 1986-10-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Hydrostatic drive systems
US4719753A (en) * 1985-02-22 1988-01-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Slide valve for load sensing control in a hydraulic system
US5186000A (en) 1988-05-10 1993-02-16 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Hydraulic drive system for construction machines
DE102007054134A1 (en) * 2007-11-14 2009-05-20 Hydac Filtertechnik Gmbh Hydraulic valve device
EP2375114B1 (en) 2010-04-09 2016-12-21 Bosch Rexroth Oil Control S.p.A. An improved "Flow Sharing" distributor valve

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2999623B1 (en) 2015-02-27
EP2935905A1 (en) 2015-10-28
WO2014096630A1 (en) 2014-06-26
FR2999623A1 (en) 2014-06-20
SI2935905T1 (en) 2017-09-29

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