EP2934910A2 - Composition de caoutchouc comportant de la cellulose - Google Patents
Composition de caoutchouc comportant de la celluloseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2934910A2 EP2934910A2 EP13820758.4A EP13820758A EP2934910A2 EP 2934910 A2 EP2934910 A2 EP 2934910A2 EP 13820758 A EP13820758 A EP 13820758A EP 2934910 A2 EP2934910 A2 EP 2934910A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- group
- coupling agent
- composition according
- grafting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to diene rubber compositions reinforced with an organic filler for the manufacture of tires or semi-finished products for tires, in particular to the treads of these tires.
- the cellulose in the native state is in the form of very elongated microfibrils of nanometric diameter, often organized into fibers. This cellulose can be found in higher plants, but also in certain algae, certain fungi, bacteria, amoebae and even certain marine animals.
- micro-fibrils means these extremely long and fine elements consisting of macromolecular cellulose chains aligned in the fiber direction extracted from the native structure.
- the micro-fibrils are in the form of highly elongated filaments of indefinite length and consisting of an alternation of crystalline zones and amorphous zones.
- cellulose nanocrystals or “whiskers” is understood to mean anisotropic crystals of finite length and of nanometric diameter obtained by hydrolysis of the amorphous parts of the microfibrils and constituted by fiber-oriented macromolecular cellulose chains.
- these cellulose particles have an unfortunate tendency in the elastomeric matrix to agglomerate with each other.
- JP2009191198 discloses a rubber composition comprising cellulose nano fibers obtained by liquid mixing in an aqueous medium of the elastomer and cellulose fibers in the presence of a silane coupling agent to improve the adhesion of the fibers. and elastomer.
- EP 2072 574 describes the use of chemically modified cellulose microfibrils by an acetylation reaction, alkyl esterification, complex esterification, keto-esterification, alkyl carbamation or aryl carbamation, as as a reinforcing filler in a rubber composition.
- the processes for implementing and modifying cellulose are limited by the polar and hydrophilic nature of its surface, which leads to obtaining strong interactions between the surfaces of the substrate, and with polar and protic solvents.
- the dry form obtained is aggregated and has a small specific surface area limiting its reinforcing nature.
- the alternative generally used is to make a premix or masterbatch of the filler and the matrix in suspension, for example using a latex in water.
- the chemical modification of the cellulose in the aqueous medium is limited because of the low reactivity of the substrate and the highly protic nature of the water. It is then possible to use organic solvents to allow this modification.
- cellulose has a strong tendency to aggregate more or less irreversibly depending on the polarity of the solvent used. Moreover, these environments pose problems of toxicity and are not respectful of the environment.
- the subject of the invention is the use of cellulose as reinforcing filler of a rubber composition, that is to say capable of reinforcing on its own, without any other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a diene rubber composition. intended for the manufacture of tires, in other words able to replace, in its reinforcing function, a conventional load of carbon black or silica pneumatic grade.
- the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that the cellulose formed of nanocrystals, chemically modified by grafting on said cellulose of coupling agent molecules, can act as a reinforcing filler, and in particular cellulose in the form of an airgel or finely divided cellulose powder.
- airgel means a gel-like material in which the liquid component is replaced by gas. It is a solid with very low density with several remarkable properties, including a very large accessible surface with a significant value of the ratio between the surface and the mass.
- cellulose powder is understood to mean a solid divided into fine particles, these particles being made of cellulose, or even airgel of cellulose, and having a significant value of the ratio between the surface and the mass. .
- the subject of the invention is therefore a rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer and at least one reinforcing filler, this reinforcing filler comprising cellulose grafted with coupling agent molecules capable of binding it to Diene elastomer, these molecules comprising at least one function A and one function B such that:
- A represents a functional group ("A" function) capable of binding chemically to cellulose, and which comprises at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, phosphorus, halogens, nitrogen and sulfur,
- - B represents a functional group (function "B") capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the diene elastomer;
- A is chosen from acyl chlorides, anhydrides, carboxylic acids, isocyanates, organic or inorganic esters, alkyl chlorides, epoxides and silanes.
- B carries mono or polysulfide functions.
- the coupling agent corresponds to formula (I): AXB, in which the group X represents a divalent linking group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably a C 1 -C 18 alkylene group or a group arylene in
- the coupling agent corresponds to formula (II):
- the coupling agent corresponds to formula (III): AXBXA, in which the group X represents a divalent linking group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably a group C1-C18 alkylene or a C6-C12 arylene group, preferably B is Sp where p is a number greater than or equal to 2, preferably 2 to 8 (preferably 2 to 5).
- the invention also relates to a tire comprising a composition as described above.
- the subject of the invention is also a cellulose formed of nanocrystals, chemically modified by grafting onto said cellulose coupling agent molecules capable of binding it to a diene elastomer, these molecules comprising at least one function A and one function B such that :
- A represents a functional group ("A" function) capable of binding chemically to cellulose, and which comprises at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, phosphorus, halogens, nitrogen and sulfur,
- - B represents a functional group (function "B") capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the diene elastomer;
- the functions A and B being connected by an at least divalent group X; said cellulose being in the form of an airgel or a cellulose powder.
- the invention finally relates to a process for obtaining an airgel or a cellulose powder as described above.
- DS degree of substitution
- a quantity of cellulose airgel between 1 and 10 g is stored in a beaker of 50 to 500 ml previously tared on a Mettler AE 163 scale providing a measurement with an accuracy of 4 * 10 -4 g.
- the substrate is dried for at least 6 h at 60 ° C. in a Jouan oven.
- the dry substrate is weighed on a Mettler AE 163 providing a measure with an accuracy of 4 * 10 "4 g (m this ii i).
- the product is stored in a beaker of 50 to 500 ml previously calibrated on a Mettler AE 163 scale providing a measurement with an accuracy of 4 * 10 "4 g.
- the product is dried for at least 6 hours at 60 ° C. in a Jouan oven.
- the dry product was weighed on a Mettler AE 163 providing a measure with an accuracy of 4 * 10 "4 g (m this ii F).
- % graft (m ce ii F - m ce in) / m ce in * 100 b) Spectroscopic measurements to confirm the presence of a graft
- the control of the chemical modification can be reinforced by the use of spectroscopic techniques sensitive to the chemical environment, in our case IR and solid NMR.
- spectroscopic techniques sensitive to the chemical environment, in our case IR and solid NMR.
- the graft is an acyl chloride
- it is observed by Infra-Red the appearance of a vibration band of the carbonyl function at about 1750 cm -1 distinct from that of the acyl chloride ( reagent, 1800 cm -1 ), and carboxylic acid (hydrolyzed reactant, 1700 cm -1 )
- the carbon of carbonyl function appears to be about 175
- This signal is present in the ester (product), but also in the reagent which also has a specific band at 45 ppm, which makes it possible to differentiate them. also present in the acid (hydrolyzed reagent) but was then identified at about 180 ppm.
- these techniques make it possible to characterize the presence of the chemical bond of the graft with the cellulose.
- FTIR Fourier Transform IR
- the analyzes are carried out on a Brucker Avance 400 MHz spectrometer, by magic angle rotation (MAS) at 12000Hz, accumulating about 2000 acquisitions.
- MAS magic angle rotation
- n a / 0.57
- DSg can then be converted into bond density by the formula:
- Bond density 5 * DSg / DS max area
- the protocol can be followed identically in the case of a cellulose powder.
- the BET surface area is determined in a known manner by gas adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method described in "The Journal of the American Chemical Society” Vol. 60, page 309, February 1938, more precisely according to the French standard NF ISO 9277 of December 1996 (multipoint volumetric method (5 points) - gas: nitrogen - with a modification compared to the standard by applying a degassing for 5 hours at 50 ° C - relative pressure range p / po: 0.05 to 0.17)
- the present invention relates to a rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer and at least one reinforcing filler, said reinforcing filler comprising cellulose grafted with coupling agent molecules capable of bind it to the diene elastomer, these molecules comprising at least one function A and one function B such that:
- A represents a functional group ("A” function) capable of binding chemically to cellulose, and which comprises at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, phosphorus, halogens, nitrogen and sulfur
- B represents a functional group (function "B") capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the diene elastomer
- this grafted cellulose is in the form of an airgel or a cellulose powder.
- the present invention also relates to cellulose formed of nanocrystals, chemically modified by grafting onto said cellulose coupling agent molecules capable of binding it to a diene elastomer, these molecules comprising at least one function A and one function B such that:
- A represents a functional group ("A" function) capable of binding chemically to cellulose, and which comprises at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, phosphorus, halogens, nitrogen and sulfur,
- - B represents a functional group (function "B") capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the diene elastomer;
- the functions A and B being connected by an at least divalent group X; said cellulose being in the form of an airgel or a cellulose powder.
- composition-based is meant a composition comprising the mixture and / or the reaction product of the various constituents used, some of these basic constituents being capable of or intended to react with one another, less in part, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition, in particular during its crosslinking or vulcanization.
- any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e. terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values denoted by "from a to b” means the range of values from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
- Cellulose is an organic polymer of formula It is a linear homopolymer composed of numerous D-Anhydroglucopyranose (AGU) units linked together by ⁇ - (1 ⁇ 4) glycine-sidic bonds. These linear chains are contained in extended conformation by intramolecular bonds and are associated with each other by intermolecular side bonds of the hydrogen bonding type, which gives the cellulose its fibrous and rigid structure.
- AGU D-Anhydroglucopyranose
- the following schematic representation illustrates the intramolecular intramolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the two cellulose alloma ⁇ phs.
- the cellulose microfibrils are derived from biosynthetic processes and are in the form of objects of nanometric diameter (typically 4 to 1000 nm and of indefinite length well above one micron) They consist of a succession of zones with chains long molecular macros aligned in the direction of the fiber (nanocrystals) and short amorphous disordered zones (defects).
- the preferential acid hydrolysis of the defect zones in aqueous medium of the cellulose with highly concentrated strong acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or nitric, hydrochloric acid leads to the at least partial individualization of the crystalline zones called nanocrystals.
- sulfuric acid and other inorganic esters
- the grafting of sulphate groups on the surface of the nanocrystals allows to obtain stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of individual nanocrystals as described in several publications such as RH Marchessault, F Morehead and NM Walter, Nature, 1959, 184, p. 632 or J.-F. Revol, H. Bradford, J.
- the acid hydrolysis can thus be carried out on "linters" of cotton, fine silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the plant after ginning, thanks to concentrated sulfuric acid, the dispersion obtained being then washed by repeated centrifugations and then dialyzed up.
- the conductivity is that of pure water, then sonified for a few minutes, and filtered on membrane of 8 ⁇ and ⁇ , giving rise to a birefringent suspension of individual nanocrystals. The suspension is then neutralized to neutral pH.
- the drying step is then carried out by any method preserving the accessibility of the cellulose surfaces and therefore the formation of airgel or powders having a much larger surface area than a simple evaporative drying and a much less dense structure.
- cryoprotectant additive rapid freezing, atomization (or spray-drying), supercritical CO 2, fluidized bed drying or lyophilization from a solvent can thus be mentioned in a non-limiting manner. non-crystallizable.
- the suspension may be previously pre-concentrated by centrifugation, by gravity filtration or under vacuum or by osmotic pressure or by means of an evaporator / concentrator (Rotavapor).
- the use of alcoholic solvent before the drying step by lyophilization makes it possible to prevent aggregation of the particles and therefore the formation of open aerogels allowing a greater specific surface area to be obtained.
- the solvent of the colloidal suspension formed by the cellulose nanocrystals can be modified to contain tertbutanol alcohol. After freezing in liquid nitrogen and lyophilization it is then possible to obtain a cellulose airgel formed of non-aggregated or weakly aggregated nanocrystals.
- An airgel of cellulose is thus obtained whose BET surface area is greater than or equal to 10 m 2 / g, and preferably greater than or equal to 50 m 2 / g.
- the airgel obtained or the cellulose powder is then subjected to modification by a graft (whose reaction pattern follows) carried out in a heterogeneous phase on the surface of the particles and in particular in the gas phase in order to graft a coupling agent onto the nanocrystals. of cellulose.
- the previously obtained airgel or the powder undergoes a substitution reaction which is preferably carried out in heterogeneous phase, in particular in the gas phase.
- the reactions for forming the covalent bond are those conventionally described in the field of cellulose chemistry and may be without exhaustive being carried out by esterification from acid derivatives chosen in particular from acyl chloride, anhydrides, acids and the like.
- carboxylic by carbamylation with isocyanates, by acetalization with aldehydes or by etherification from alkyl chlorides or epoxide. They can be easily performed on a native cellulose substrate or on an oxidized substrate, either selectively at C 6 (TEMPO oxidation, NO 2) or by oxidative cleavage of the C2-C3 glycol linkage (periodate oxidation).
- the modification can be carried out by ester formation with the aid of organic or inorganic alcohol or esters, or else alkylating agents, by formation of acyl chloride by SOCL2, anhydrides with a carboxylic acid, and or by amidation with amines (carboxylic acid) or imines (aldehydes).
- the reaction is carried out by placing in a reactor, the airgel or the powder, formed of cellulose nanocrystals and the reagent at a temperature and pressure that are stable so as to vaporize the reagent, and introducing a controlled flow of nitrogen through the reactor inlet; the products of the reaction (leaving groups and / or reagent residues) being discharged through the outlet connected to a vacuum pump.
- the reagent can also be vaporized separately and introduced into the reactor chamber.
- heterogeneous phase grafting are possible, in particular in the case of a cellulose powder, grafting in a fluidized bed by a stream of vaporized reagent.
- the degree of grafting of the cellulose is preferably greater than 0.1 bonds per nm 2 measured by gravimetry and relative to the BET surface, it varies more preferably from 1 to 20 bonds per nm 2 and even more preferably from 3 to 12 bonds per nm 2 .
- the coupling agent is in the form of molecules comprising at least one function A and one function B such that:
- A represents a functional group ("A" function) capable of binding chemically to cellulose, and which comprises at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, phosphorus, halogens, nitrogen and sulfur,
- - B represents a functional group (function "B") capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the diene elastomer;
- A is preferably chosen from acyl chlorides, anhydrides, carboxylic acids, isocyanates, alkyl chlorides, organic or inorganic esters, aldehydes, epoxides or amines, primary or secondary.
- the coupling agent may correspond to formula (I): AXB, in which X represents a divalent linking group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and preferably a C 1 -C 18 alkylene group or a C 5 arylene group. 6 -C 12, more particularly a C 1 -C 10 alkylene group, especially a C 1 -C 4 alkylene group.
- the coupling agent corresponds to formula (II):
- A-X-B wherein X is a trivalent group, such as tri-substituted cycloalkyl, especially tri-substituted cyclohexane.
- B is in the form of a blocked mercapto function of formula:
- R represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group chosen from alkyls, linear or branched, cycloalkyls or aryls, having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, m is a number greater than or equal to 1; m preferably ranges from 1 to 8, even more preferably m is equal to 1 (preferably from 2 to 5).
- B is in the form of a polysulfurized function of formula:
- R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group chosen from alkyls, linear or branched, cycloalkyls or aryls, having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms,
- r is a number greater than or equal to 2, preferably from 2 to 8 (preferably from 2 to 5).
- the coupling agent corresponds to formula (III):
- the group X represents a divalent linking group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably a C 1 -C 18 alkylene group or an arylene group in
- B represents S p where p is a number greater than or equal to 2, preferably from 2 to 8 (preferably from 2 to 5).
- composition in accordance with the invention comprises at least one reinforcing filler comprising a cellulose grafted with coupling agent molecules as described in the preceding paragraphs.
- this grafted cellulose represents the majority reinforcing filler.
- the reinforcing filler may also comprise other fillers, in particular with an organic filler and / or an inorganic filler.
- organic filler especially carbon blacks, especially reinforcing carbon blacks of the series 100, 200 or 300 (ASTM grades), such as blacks NI 15, N134, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347 , N375, or, depending on the intended applications, blacks of higher series (for example N400, N660, N683, N772).
- ASTM grades such as blacks NI 15, N134, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347 , N375, or, depending on the intended applications, blacks of higher series (for example N400, N660, N683, N772).
- any inorganic or mineral filler regardless of its color and origin (natural or synthetic), also called “white” charge, “clear” charge or “black non-black” charge as opposed to carbon black, this inorganic filler being capable of reinforcing on its own, without any other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacturing a tire tread, in other words able to replace, in its reinforcing function, a conventional tire grade carbon black for tread.
- Such a filler is generally characterized by the presence of functional groups, in particular hydroxyl (-OH), at its surface, thereby requiring the use of an agent or coupling system intended to ensure a stable chemical bond between the isoprene elastomer and said charge.
- the reinforcing inorganic filler is a filler of the siliceous or aluminous type, or a mixture of these two types of filler.
- the silica (SiO 2 ) used may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface area both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
- the total reinforcing filler content will be chosen between 10 and 200 phr, more preferably between 10 and 150 phr, more preferably between 20 and 110 phr.
- composition according to the invention comprises at least one diene elastomer.
- iene elastomer or indistinctly rubber, whether natural or synthetic, must be understood in known manner an elastomer consisting at least of part (ie, a homopolymer or a copolymer) of diene monomer units (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or otherwise).
- diene elastomers can be classified into two categories: “essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated”.
- the term “essentially unsaturated” is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a level of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%);
- diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not fall within the above definition and may in particular be described as "substantially saturated” diene elastomers ( low or very low diene origin, always less than 15%).
- the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
- iene elastomer can be understood more particularly to be used in the compositions according to the invention:
- diene elastomer any type of diene elastomer
- the person skilled in the tire art will understand that the present invention is preferably implemented with essentially unsaturated diene elastomers, in particular of the type (a) or (b). ) above.
- conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5) alkyl-1,3-butadienes, such as for example 2 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.
- alkyl-1,3-butadienes such as for example 2 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-he
- Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the "vinyl-toluene" commercial mixture, para-tertiarybutylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene.
- the copolymers may contain between 99% and 20% by weight of diene units and between 80% and 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units.
- the elastomers may have any microstructure which is a function of the polymerization conditions used, in particular the presence or absence of a modifying and / or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and / or randomizing agent used.
- the elastomers can be for example block, statistical, sequenced, microsequenced, and be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they may be coupled and / or starred or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization.
- alkoxysilane groups as described for example in FR 2,765,882 or US 5,977,238), carboxylic groups (as described for example in WO 01/92402 or US 6,815,473, WO 2004/096865 or US 2006 / 0089445) or polyether groups (as described for example in EP 1 127 909 or US 6,503,973, WO 2009/000750 and WO 2009/000752).
- Functional elastomers that may be mentioned are those prepared by the use of a functional initiator, especially those carrying an amine or tin function (see, for example, WO 2010072761).
- elastomers such as SBR, BR, NR or IR
- SBR surface potential
- BR BR
- NR IR
- elastomers such as SBR, BR, NR or IR
- Suitable polybutadienes and in particular those having a content (mol%) in units -1.2 between 4%> and 80%> or those having a content (%> molar) in cis-1,4 greater than 80%> polyisoprenes, butadiene-styrene copolymers and in particular those having a Tg (glass transition temperature (Tg, measured according to ASTM D3418) between 0 ° C. and -70 ° C. and more particularly between -10 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymers those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly of between 10% and 40%, and an isoprene content of between 15%, are especially suitable.
- the diene elastomer (s) of the composition according to the invention are preferably chosen from the group of highly unsaturated diene elastomers consisting of polybutadienes (abbreviated as "BR"), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR) and natural rubber (NR), butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
- BR polybutadienes
- IR synthetic polyisoprenes
- NR natural rubber
- butadiene copolymers are more preferably selected from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR) and isoprene-copolymers.
- SBIR butadiene-styrene
- the diene elastomer is predominantly (ie, for more than 50 phr) an SBR, whether it is an emulsion-prepared SBR ("ESBR") or an SBR prepared in solution (“SSBR”), or a blend (mixture) SBR / BR, SBR / NR (or SBR / IR), BR / NR (or BR / IR), or SBR / BR / NR (or SBR / BR / IR).
- SBR emulsion-prepared SBR
- SSBR SBR prepared in solution
- an SBR elastomer In the case of an SBR elastomer (ESBR or SSBR), an SBR having an average styrene content, for example between 20% and 35% by weight, or a high styrene content, for example 35% by weight, is used in particular. at 45%, a vinyl content of the butadiene part of between 15% and 70%, a content (mol%) of trans-1,4 bonds of between 15% and 75% and a Tg of between -10 ° C. and - 55 ° C; such an SBR can be advantageously used in admixture with a BR preferably having more than 90% (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds.
- the diene elastomer is predominantly (for more than 50 phr) an isoprene elastomer.
- the compositions of the invention are intended to constitute, in tires, the rubber matrices of certain treads (for example for industrial vehicles), crown reinforcing plies (for example of working plies, protective plies or hooping plies), carcass reinforcement plies, flanks, beadings, guards, underlayments, rubber blocks and other internal gums providing the interface between the aforementioned areas of the tires.
- isoprene elastomer in known manner a homopolymer or copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), different isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
- NR natural rubber
- IR synthetic polyisoprenes
- isoprene copolymers mention will in particular be made of copolymers of isobutene-isoprene (butyl rubber - IIR), isoprene-styrene (SIR), isoprene-butadiene (BIR) or isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SBIR).
- This isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or synthetic cis-1,4 polyisoprene; of these synthetic polyisoprenes, polyisoprenes having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used.
- the composition according to the invention may contain less than an essentially saturated diene elastomer, in particular at least one EPDM copolymer or a butyl rubber (optionally chlorinated or brominated), that these copolymers are used alone or in admixture with highly unsaturated diene elastomers as mentioned above, in particular NR or IR, BR or SBR.
- the rubber composition comprises a blend of one (or more) diene elastomers called "high Tg” having a Tg between -70 ° C and 0 ° C and d one (or more) diene elastomers known as "low Tg” between -110 ° C and -80 ° C, more preferably between -105 ° C and -90 ° C.
- the high Tg elastomer is preferably selected from the group consisting of S-SBR, E-SBR, natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes (having a (mol%) content of cis-1,4 linkages of preferably greater than 95%>), BIR, SIR, SBIR, and mixtures of these elastomers.
- the low Tg elastomer preferably comprises butadiene units at a level (mol%) of at least 70%); it consists preferably of a polybutadiene (BR) having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 chains greater than 90%.
- the rubber composition comprises, for example, from 30 to 100 phr, in particular from 50 to 100 phr, of a high Tg elastomer in a blend with 0 to 70 phr, in particular from 0 to 50 phr, of a low Tg elastomer; according to another example, it comprises for all 100 pce one or more SBR prepared (s) in solution.
- the diene elastomer of the composition according to the invention comprises a blend of a BR (as low elastomer Tg) having a rate (mol%) of cis chains -1.4 greater than 90%, with one or more S-SBR or E-SBR (as elastomer (s) high Tg).
- composition according to the invention may contain a single diene elastomer or a mixture of several diene elastomers, the diene elastomer or elastomers which may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even with polymers other than elastomers, for example thermoplastic polymers.
- the crosslinking system is preferably a vulcanization system, that is to say a system based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
- a vulcanization system that is to say a system based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
- various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators such as zinc oxide.
- Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr, in particular between 1 and 10 phr.
- the primary vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferred level of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 phr.
- accelerator primary or secondary
- any compound capable of acting as an accelerator of vulcanization of diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur in particular thiazole-type accelerators and their derivatives, accelerators of thiuram type, zinc dithiocarbamates.
- accelerators are for example selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (abbreviated "MBTS”), tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (“TBZTD”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (“CBS”), N, N dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (“DCBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (“TBBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenimide (“TBSI”), zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (“ ZBEC ”) and mixtures of these compounds.
- MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
- TBZTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
- CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfen
- the rubber compositions according to the invention may also comprise all or part of the usual additives normally used in the compositions elastomers for the manufacture of tires, in particular treads, such as for example plasticizers or extension oils, the latter being of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins, acceptors (for example phenolic novolak resin) or methylene donors (for example HMT or H3M) as described, for example in the application WO 02/10269, a crosslinking system based on either sulfur, or sulfur and / or peroxide donors and / or bismaleimides, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization activators.
- plasticizers or extension oils the latter being of aromatic or non-aromatic nature
- protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins, acceptors
- these compositions comprise, as preferred non-aromatic or very weakly aromatic plasticizing agent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of naphthenic, paraffinic, MES, TDAE oils, esters (especially trioleate) oils.
- glycerol the hydrocarbon plasticizing resins having a high Tg preferably greater than 30 ° C, and mixtures of such compounds.
- compositions may also contain, in addition to the coupling agents, coupling activators, reinforcing filler recovery agents or, more generally, processing aid agents that are capable in a known manner, by means of an improvement in the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and a lowering of the viscosity of the compositions, to improve their ability to implement in the green state.
- inert fillers ie, non-reinforcing
- clay particles such as clay particles, bentonite, talc, chalk, kaolin, used for example in flanks or treads of colored tires.
- the rubber compositions of the invention are manufactured in appropriate mixers, using two successive preparation phases according to a general procedure well known to those skilled in the art: a first phase of work or thermomechanical mixing (sometimes called phase “non-productive") at a high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 145 ° C and 185 ° C, followed by a second mechanical working phase (sometimes referred to as "Productive” phase) at lower temperature, typically below 120 ° C, for example between 60 ° C and 100 ° C, finishing phase during which is incorporated the crosslinking system or vulcanization.
- the airgel of cellulose nanocrystals is obtained from cotton "linters" according to the method described in J.-F. Revol, H. Bradford, J. Giasson and DJ Gray, "Helicoidal Self-Ordering of Cellulose”. microfibrils in aqueous suspension ", Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1992, 14, P170-171.
- the acid hydrolysis is then carried out using sulfuric acid at 65% by weight for 30 minutes at 63 ° C.
- the dispersion obtained is then washed by repeated centrifugation.
- the dispersion is advantageously dialyzed until the conductivity is that of pure water, then sonified for a few minutes on a Branson B-12 sonifier equipped with a 3mm probe at a nominal power of 70%.
- the suspension is filtered through membranes of cellulose nitrate (cellulose nitrate membrane, diameter 47 mm, porosity 1 (model 7190-004) or 5 (model 7195-004) ⁇ , sold by the company Whatman; with a 220 ml stainless steel compressed air filtration cartridge model SM162 49, sold by the Sartorius company) successively having sieves of size 8 ⁇ and then 1 ⁇ .
- cellulose nitrate cellulose nitrate membrane, diameter 47 mm, porosity 1 (model 7190-004) or 5 (model 7195-004)
- This suspension is neutralized with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to neutral pH.
- the cellulose concentration adjusted to 1% by weight is frozen in liquid nitrogen and freeze-dried in order to obtain a small specific surface area.
- the airgel B ' is thus obtained.
- Part of the aqueous dispersion obtained undergoes a different treatment, being diluted in alcohol terbutanol.
- the previously obtained aerogels undergo esterification in the gas phase.
- the aerogels are thus contacted with acyl chloride in a 2L reactor at a controlled temperature under a controlled flow of nitrogen through the reactor inlet; the reaction products (hydrochloric acid and reagent residues) being discharged through the outlet connected to a vacuum pump.
- Two reagents are used for each airgel: respectively a non-reactive hydrophobation agent on the polymer, C16 palmitic acid chloride of formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 COCl and the coupling agent 3,3 'chloride of dithiodipropanoyl (DTDPC).
- Theromechanical work (non-productive phase) is then carried out in one step (total mixing time equal to about 5 minutes), until a maximum "falling" temperature of about 165 ° C. is reached.
- the mixture thus obtained is recovered, cooled and the vulcanization system (sulfur and sulfenamide accelerator) is added to the mixer at 70 ° C. at 20 rpm, mixing the whole (productive phase) for about 5 to 6 minutes. .
- compositions thus obtained are then hot-pressed ("Carver” press with heating plates) in the form of plates (thickness 0.8 mm) of rubber for the measurement of their physical or mechanical properties.
- SBR silica-based diene elastomer
- compositions all correspond to the basic formulation, expressed in parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomers, phr, which follows:
- Cl is a composition not in accordance with the invention comprising a non-grafted airgel B 'as a reinforcing filler,
- C2 is a composition not according to the invention comprising an ungrafted airgel B "as a reinforcing filler,
- C3 is a composition not according to the invention comprising an airgel B "grafted with palmitic acid chloride, as a reinforcing filler,
- - C4 is a composition according to the invention comprising an airgel B "grafted with DTDPC, as a reinforcing filler.
- compositions comprise 100 phr of SBR. .
- the content (in phr) of cellulose nanocrystals and the content of the grafted compounds were calculated using the elements of Table 3 for each composition. It will be noted that the differences in the level of pce of cellulose nanocrystals (Table 4) correspond for all the compositions to an identical volume percentage of cellulose nanocrystal compounds (this percentage being defined by the ratio of the volume of cellulose nanocrystals to the volume total constituents of the composition).
- cellulose aerogels formed of nanocrystals, chemically modified by grafting on said cellulose coupling agent molecules according to the invention can surprisingly act as a reinforcing filler for rubber compositions for tires.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1262603A FR3000082B1 (fr) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Composition de caoutchouc comportant de la cellulose |
| PCT/EP2013/077375 WO2014096192A2 (fr) | 2012-12-21 | 2013-12-19 | Composition de caoutchouc comportant de la cellulose |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2934910A2 true EP2934910A2 (fr) | 2015-10-28 |
Family
ID=48539263
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13820758.4A Withdrawn EP2934910A2 (fr) | 2012-12-21 | 2013-12-19 | Composition de caoutchouc comportant de la cellulose |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2934910A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3000082B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014096192A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6543086B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-20 | 2019-07-10 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物、タイヤ用ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
| US10647783B2 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2020-05-12 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Method for preparing modified nanocrystalline cellulose |
| FR3045628B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-03-16 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Composition de caoutchouc comportant de la cellulose greffee |
| CN117511010B (zh) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-04-30 | 云南森洁医用乳胶器材有限公司 | 基于脱蛋白天然浓缩乳胶的医用外科手套及制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4581116B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-10 | 2010-11-17 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 加硫ゴム組成物、空気入りタイヤおよびこれらの製造方法 |
| US20110136939A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Annette Lechtenboehmer | Tire with component containing cellulose |
-
2012
- 2012-12-21 FR FR1262603A patent/FR3000082B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-12-19 EP EP13820758.4A patent/EP2934910A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-12-19 WO PCT/EP2013/077375 patent/WO2014096192A2/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014096192A3 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014096192A2 (fr) | 2014-06-26 |
| FR3000082A1 (fr) | 2014-06-27 |
| FR3000082B1 (fr) | 2015-07-17 |
| WO2014096192A3 (fr) | 2016-06-09 |
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