EP2931387B1 - Elastically deformable piece of sporting equipment having a deformable electromagnetic coil structure - Google Patents
Elastically deformable piece of sporting equipment having a deformable electromagnetic coil structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2931387B1 EP2931387B1 EP13802004.5A EP13802004A EP2931387B1 EP 2931387 B1 EP2931387 B1 EP 2931387B1 EP 13802004 A EP13802004 A EP 13802004A EP 2931387 B1 EP2931387 B1 EP 2931387B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- item
- sports equipment
- ball
- coil structure
- electromagnetic coil
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B41/00—Hollow inflatable balls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B43/00—Balls with special arrangements
- A63B43/004—Balls with special arrangements electrically conductive, e.g. for automatic arbitration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/06—Coil winding
- H01F41/071—Winding coils of special form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
- A63B2225/54—Transponders, e.g. RFID
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49073—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by assembling coil and core
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to elastically deformable sports equipment, namely balls or pucks, for example inflatable balls, having at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure disposed about a curved surface within the sports equipment.
- An electromagnetic coil is formed when an electrical conductor, such as a copper wire, is wound to produce an inductive or electromagnetic element.
- the wire can also be wound around a core or a shape.
- a wire loop may be referred to as a turn, and a coil has one or more turns.
- Coils that serve as inductors are widely used in electronic circuits as a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field.
- coils may be used to implement transformers that transfer energy from one electrical circuit to another through inductive coupling without moving parts.
- coils may be used to construct resonant circuits comprising series and / or parallel arrays of inductors and capacitors.
- coils may also serve as antennas or antenna-like elements for detecting electromagnetic fields, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) or similar applications.
- RFID radio frequency identification
- a moving game object such as a ball or puck
- a detection plane eg, a goal plane
- electromagnetic fields and / or signals In some ball sports, for example soccer or soccer or football, the use of automatic shotgun detection systems discussed in order to avoid human error.
- the so-called goal line technology is a technique that can determine when the ball has crossed the goal line, and supports the referee in deciding whether a goal has fallen or not.
- video based systems or electromagnetic field based systems There are several alternative approaches to determining the exact location or location where the ball is located, such as video based systems or electromagnetic field based systems.
- a moving object such as a ball
- electronic circuitry to transmit and / or receive and / or reflect electromagnetic signals.
- electromagnetic approaches require electronic components within the ball, and the size of the electronics may vary depending on their functionality and the frequency range used.
- the electronics may be installed in the center of the ball.
- the required loop antennas and / or other electronic components may be installed at the periphery of the ball.
- a shotgun detection system is proposed to have three orthogonally arranged coils or loop antennas in or on a moving object, eg a ball, to emit or reflect at least part of an electromagnetic field . Because of this orthogonal arrangement of the coils, the rotational position of the ball has little effect on the electromagnetic emission or reflection characteristics since the three orthogonal loop antennas theoretically provide an effective loop antenna whose effective opening area is perpendicular to an incident magnetic field from a transmitter comes installed at or near the gate. That is, the normal of the effective aperture area of the effective loop antenna is substantially parallel to the magnetic field vector.
- a magnetic field may be generated by means of a live conductor running around a goal frame.
- the generated magnetic field is perpendicular to a detection plane, which is defined by the goal frame.
- This stimulating magnetic field is reflected by the ball, the reflected signal should produce the same directional vector as the stimulating field (due to the bile electronics with a phase shift).
- the geometric accuracy of the reflected signal directly affects the measurement result and thus the accuracy of the goal decision.
- the detection system is based on three orthogonal coils in the ball.
- Each of the coils may comprise a plurality of coils inserted, for example, between the bladder of the ball and the outer skin or covering material of the ball.
- the diameter of the coil (s) should be as large as possible, which means that the coil (s) should be installed in or under the covering material of the ball.
- three may be substantially one another orthogonal loop antennas or electromagnetic coils may be incorporated into a sports equipment, which may be an air-inflatable ball, such as a football, in accordance with some embodiments.
- a sports equipment which may be an air-inflatable ball, such as a football, in accordance with some embodiments.
- an air-inflatable ball such as a football or a handball
- additional material between the outer skin and the bladder to protect the bladder against external influences, such as stabs or the like.
- a reflected electromagnetic signal from the integrated loop antennas or coils in a ball depends on the circumference or diameter of the at least one loop antenna in the ball. That is, the higher the loop diameter, the higher the signal strength of a reflected signal, and the better the detection rate of an electromagnetic field-based shotgun detection system.
- the at least one loop antenna in the ball should be adapted to an outer shape of the ball. This can be done by placing a loop antenna in the form of an electromagnetic coil directly under the outer skin of the ball, between the outer skin and the bladder or an additional protective fabric or within the ball bladder adjacent to the inner wall of the bladder.
- elastic deformation of the ball comprising an outer skin and a bladder may be transmitted directly to the integrated electromagnetic coils. Without countermeasures, the coils may be damaged in the event of elastic deformation of the ball.
- embodiments of the present invention aim to provide spools that can withstand elastic deformations of a ball or puck.
- the at least one electromagnetic coil structure which is integrated in an elastically deformable sports equipment, may be designed so that the electromagnetic coil structure has an extension reserve (an expansion buffer) that preferably corresponds to a maximum elastic deformation of the sports equipment in game mode.
- the extension reserve may be in the range of 5% to 30% of the "normal" length.
- the invention is defined in claim 1.
- Embodiments thus suggest a more even distribution of a mechanical load on all portions of an electrical conductor of the coil structure in the sports equipment.
- a conventional two-dimensional meander structure may be extended by a third dimension, thereby producing a circumferentially spiral-like or helical shape of a coil or at least a portion thereof.
- the curved surface within the sports equipment in an undeformed or undeformed condition of the article may be a spherical surface having a circumference, wherein a length (in the circumferential direction) of at least one helically wound turn of the coil structure may be greater than the circumference in some embodiments to allow the extension reserve in the circumferential direction.
- the renewal reserve may range from 5% to 30% of the volume.
- the curved surface may be the inner or outer surface of a ball bladder or the inner or outer surface of an outer skin of the ball. That is, some embodiments of the present invention propose to integrate electromagnetic coils into the sports equipment, which may preferably be larger in circumference than the sports equipment itself. This may be accomplished by providing a coil as a three-dimensional space curve with non-zero torsion and curvature is formed, ie that it is helically or helically wound around a circumferentially extending curved axis corresponding to the curved surface, similar to a spiral cable. It can also be merely an imaginary axis.
- an electrical conductor of the at least one electromagnetic coil structure may be substantially spirally disposed along a circular path or extending around the curved surface.
- the circular path can thereby be obtained by cutting a plane through the center of the curved, more precisely spherical surface and the curved or spherical surface itself, whereby one obtains on the spherical surface a circle which has the same circumference as the spherical surface.
- the slope or the gradient of the three-dimensionally curved electromagnetic coil with the non-vanishing geometrical torsion and curvature and the material used can preferably be matched to each other so that the maximum occurring mechanical torsion never becomes greater than the elastic range of the electrical conductor of the coil , As long as the elasticity range is not left, the coil can be regarded as quasi-durable. This could solve the technical problem of premature failure of the coil.
- the coil is wound spirally around a torus.
- a torus-like elastic core which may have, for example, a rubber or rubber-like material, or to produce a hollow spiral or hollow helix.
- the particular design depends on the mechanical properties of the electrical conductor.
- an ice hockey puck may also be understood as a sports equipment item. That is, the sports equipment may belong to the group of a soccer ball, an American football ball, a rugby ball, a basketball, a handball, a volleyball, a tennis ball, or a puck. Note that this example list is not meant to be exhaustive.
- the at least one electromagnetic coil structure may include at least one turn of an electromagnetic coil or loop antenna that extends (spirally) along a circular path (ie, along the circumference) along the curved or spherical surface.
- the at least one turn of the electromagnetic coil or loop antenna may spiral around an imaginary or actually existing (elastic) torus about the curved or spherical surface run around.
- the electromagnetic coil structure comprises more than one coil.
- the electromagnetic coil structure comprises at least three electromagnetic coils, which are arranged perpendicular to each other or orthogonal to each other around the circumference of the curved surface within the sports equipment, ie the ball. More specifically, in some embodiments, the three spirally wound electromagnetic coils may be disposed on a spherical surface in the sports equipment, eg, between a ball bladder and an outer ball skin or covering material of the ball.
- the coils typically comprise electrically conductive material such as copper, silver or aluminum
- the elasticity of the conductive material per se is significantly lower than the elasticity of the shell of the ball, a ball bladder or an intermediate protective fabric.
- the rigidity of the coils counteracts the deformation of the ball, and the dynamic behavior of the ball can be greatly influenced.
- some embodiments propose spiral patterns of the windings of the at least one coil structure. That is, the length of the at least one turn of the coil structure is greater than the circumference of the spherical structure can be achieved by winding the electrical conductor of the coil around a circumferentially curved (imaginary) tube, i. a torus (section), wraps.
- an electrical conductor of the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure may be disposed (at least in sections) in a three-dimensional spiral or helical pattern around the curved surface of the sports equipment.
- a helix winds around a (imaginary) lateral surface of a (imaginary) cylinder having a curved longitudinal axis (also referred to as torus or torus section) which extends in the circumferential direction around the curved or spherical surface.
- the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure may be advantageous to support the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure by an elastic and / or flexible carrier or potting material to better support the spiral shape of the coil structure in the gaming equipment.
- an elastic and / or flexible carrier or potting material to better support the spiral shape of the coil structure in the gaming equipment.
- Such a construction which helps to form a helically wound coil against radial expansion, eg by the normal air pressure of the sports object can be placed inside an inner bladder or between the inner bladder and an outer covering material of the sports object.
- the elastic and / or flexible backing or potting material which may be rubber or a similar material, is preferably stiff enough to retain its shape or geometry under normal air pressure of the air inflatable ball, but is also flexible enough, for example, to transmit a compression of the ball caused by a blow to the ball or a shooting of the ball against a goal frame.
- one or more (parallel) electrical conductors of the electromagnetic coil structure may have a first section wound with a first spiral orientation (eg right-handed) and a second section having a second, for example opposite spiral orientation (eg left-handed) is wound.
- a plurality of parallel conductors in the respective spiral orientation can be wound substantially parallel.
- the first and second spiral orientations may result in at least one intersection between the first and second portions of the at least one electrical conductor.
- the first and second portions of the at least one conductor may be in opposite directions, e.g. in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction around the surface of a (imaginary) curved cylinder or a curved tube to be wound.
- a coil may include a plurality of braided conductors (a conductor braid), e.g. Copper wires, include. This can also help give the coil structure more stability.
- a conductor braid e.g. Copper wires
- the extension reserve of the electromagnetic coil structure may also be obtained by using elastic electrical conductors so that the elastic or stretchable conductors, in turn, act similar to rubber bands placed around the curved or spherical surface within the sports equipment.
- elastic conductors may be based on silver nanowires or carbon nanotubes to provide stretchable electromagnetic coils for the To obtain electromagnetic coil structure.
- these elastic conductors can be placed on a stretchable substrate for better support and guiding properties of the flexible coils.
- the sports equipment article may be an inflatable ball having a ball bladder and a cover material or skin of the ball, wherein the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure is disposed between the ball bladder and the ball skin in some embodiments.
- the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure may also be disposed within the ball bladder or below the surface of the ball bladder. It is even possible to arrange the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure in some embodiments on the outer surface of the ball skin.
- the sports equipment article may include means for determining a position of the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure on the curved surface beneath a cover material of the sports equipment.
- the attachment means may be realized by the use of sutures in the cover material of the ball or by special attachment tabs which may be spaced about the curved surface as regularly as possible.
- the attachment tabs may be adhesive according to some embodiments.
- the electromagnetic coil structure may also be adhered to the curved surface (e.g., a ball bladder) within the sports equipment article.
- double-sided adhesive tape may be used in some embodiments. On one side the tape can be glued to the bladder and on the other side the reel structure can be glued to the attached tape.
- the elastically deformable sports equipment article may further include at least one capacitive element connected to the at least one electromagnetic coil structure to form a resonant circuit for a predetermined frequency or a predetermined frequency range.
- the frequency range may be in the sub-megahertz region, ie 10 kHz to 150 kHz.
- the backscatter uses the electromagnetic power emitted by a transmitter to excite the electronics in the ball.
- the ball may reflect some of the transmitted power, but change some of the characteristics, and in this way also send information back to the transmitter.
- the at least one capacitive element may be integrated with the cover material of the sports equipment or with a portion of the cover material, such as a cover material. single leather patches.
- the capacitive element may be located close to a cooperating coil, if possible on the same substrate as the coil. This can enable an efficient manufacturing process and good resonance characteristics.
- embodiments of the present invention provide solutions to the problem of how to design the at least one coil and how it can be integrated into the ball to withstand the mechanical deformation of the ball as it is struck by a player or shot against the goal frame becomes.
- Some embodiments propose a coil having at least one turn wound from an elastic conductive structure that can be made by winding an electrical conductor in the form of a spiral around an elastic core.
- a plurality of conductors can be wound in parallel around the core, wherein the plurality of conductors can be wound in the same or an opposite direction in a different distribution.
- the coil may form a three-dimensional hollow spiral.
- a spiral type winding in the opposite direction may be used. That is, while a spiral winding of the coil structure may be oriented in a clockwise direction, another spiral winding of the coil structure may be oriented counterclockwise. In some embodiments, the conductors that are applied in both winding directions may be intertwined or twisted.
- individual electrical conductors at one end of a winding are connected to the beginning of the winding such that a continuous winding can be produced. That is, the total number of turns of a coil is therefore the number of conductors multiplied by the number of turns of the elastic core.
- Fig. 2a schematically shows a deformable electromagnetic coil structure 200, which is arranged around a curved surface 202 (eg the surface of a ball bubble) within a sports equipment item (not shown).
- the electromagnetic coil structure 200 forms a three-dimensional spiral curve 204 of non-vanishing geometric torsion and curvature to provide a circumferential extension reserve 206 corresponding to at least one expected elastic deformation of the sports equipment during a game.
- a mechanical load or force may be present due to an elastic deformation of the play equipment, such as a ball, be distributed evenly on all sections of the coil conductor. It turns out that a conventional two-dimensional meander structure according to Fig. 1 is expanded into a third dimension, whereby substantially a spiral-like shape of the coil structure 200 is formed.
- Fig. 2a 11 shows a side view of only one coil 204 wound spirally about an imaginary torus, with an inner diameter of the torus substantially corresponding to an outer diameter of the curved surface 202, such as the ball bubble.
- the coil structure 200 may also include three such deformable electromagnetic spiral coils 204, which are preferably disposed perpendicular to each other about the curved or spherical surface 202 to form at least three loop antennas in a ball.
- the resulting loop antennas may then interact with an electromagnetic field based gate detection system to detect, for example, whether the ball has crossed a goal line or not.
- the at least one spiral or helical coil 204 may, for example, be wound around an elastic core, which may comprise, for example, a rubber or rubber-like material, in order to give the coil structure 200 a certain stability.
- a spiral or helical coil 204 around a torus-like elastic core 210 is shown schematically in FIG Fig. 2b shown.
- the supporting elastic core 210 may then substantially have the shape of a (full) torus which, similar to a lifebuoy, is arranged around, for example, the ball bladder with its spherical surface 202.
- the at least one spiral or helical Coil 204 are also arranged in the form of a hollow coil, for example, around the ball bubble or within it, ie without core 210.
- the respective design depends primarily on the mechanical properties of the electrical conductor.
- one or more (parallel) electrical conductors 204a (or portions thereof) of the electromagnetic coil structure 200 may be wound with a first spiral orientation (eg, right-handed), while other (parallel) electrical conductors 204b (or portions thereof) of the electromagnetic Coil structure 200 with a second spiral orientation (eg right-handed) are wound.
- first spiral orientation eg, right-handed
- second spiral orientation eg right-handed
- Different spiral orientations are schematically in the Fig. 2c shown.
- the first and the second spiral orientation if they are wound around the same (imaginary) torus, can lead to at least one overlap between the oppositely directed electrical conductors, so that a kind of coil head is formed.
- a first and a second portion of at least one conductor may be wound in opposite directions, eg, clockwise and counterclockwise, about the surface area of a (imaginary) curved cylinder, ie, a torus. Further, the first and second portions 204a, 204b of the conductor may be twisted or entangled.
- FIG. 3 shows in perspective and plan view schematically an embodiment of a ball 300 with a deformable electromagnetic coil structure 200 including a helical coil 204-1, a second spiral coil 204-2, and a third spiral coil 204-3.
- the three coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 thus run at least partially coiled, for example around a ball bladder.
- a turn of a coil 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 about the ball bubble thus runs at least partially helically about a curved axis which extends in the circumferential direction, ie along the circumference of the ball bladder.
- the three coils are substantially orthogonal to each other.
- an "orthogonal arrangement" of coils can be understood as an arrangement of three coils in such a way that the planes defined by the three different coils are substantially perpendicular to one another. Another definition could be that the surface normals of opening areas of the coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 are substantially perpendicular to each other.
- To defined and fixed Intersections between different coils 204 may be provided with special fasteners 302 in front of or at the intersections, such as eyelets, bushings, or the like. As in Fig.
- the electromagnetic coil structure or its individual coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 can be fixed by one or more fastening tabs 302 absolutely and relatively on the circumference of, for example, the ball bladder or the outer skin.
- the attachment tabs 302 may secure the coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-2 to the inner bladder and / or the inner surface of the cover material of the ball.
- the fastening tabs are configured to prevent the transverse displacement of the coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 relative to the curved surface of the bladder or cover material.
- the attachment tabs may be configured to allow free movement of the coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 in their respective circumferential or longitudinal directions along the curved surface of the bladder or cover material. Further, the mutual orthogonality of the coils 204-1, 204-2, 204-3 may be maintained substantially due to the use of the mounting tabs.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung betreffen elastisch verformbare Sportausrüstungsgegenstände, nämlich Bälle oder Pucks, beispielsweise aufblasbare Bälle, die wenigstens eine verformbare elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur aufweisen, die um eine gekrümmte Oberfläche innerhalb des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands angeordnet ist.Embodiments of the present invention relate to elastically deformable sports equipment, namely balls or pucks, for example inflatable balls, having at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure disposed about a curved surface within the sports equipment.
Eine elektromagnetische Spule, oder einfach eine Spule, wird ausgebildet, wenn ein elektrischer Leiter, beispielsweise ein Kupferdraht, gewickelt wird, um ein induktives oder elektromagnetisches Element zu erzeugen. Dabei kann der Draht auch um einen Kern oder eine Form gewickelt werden. Eine Drahtschleife kann als Windung bezeichnet werden, und eine Spule weist eine oder mehrere Windungen auf. Spulen, die als Induktoren bzw. Induktivitäten dienen, sind in elektronischen Schaltungen als passive elektrische Komponente mit zwei Anschlüssen, die in ihrem Magnetfeld Energie speichert, weit verbreitet. Beispielsweise können Spulen verwendet werden, um Transformatoren zu verwirklichen, mit denen Energie von einer elektrischen Schaltung auf eine andere durch induktive Kopplung ohne bewegliche Teile übertragen wird. Außerdem können Spulen verwendet werden, um Resonanzschaltungen zu bauen, die Reihen- und/oder parallele Anordnungen von Induktoren und Kondensatoren umfassen. In manchen Anwendungen können Spulen auch als Antennen oder antennenähnliche Elemente zur Erfassung von elektromagnetischen Feldern dienen, beispielsweise bei einer Identifizierung mithilfe elektromagnetischer Wellen (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) oder ähnlichen Anwendungen.An electromagnetic coil, or simply a coil, is formed when an electrical conductor, such as a copper wire, is wound to produce an inductive or electromagnetic element. The wire can also be wound around a core or a shape. A wire loop may be referred to as a turn, and a coil has one or more turns. Coils that serve as inductors are widely used in electronic circuits as a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field. For example, coils may be used to implement transformers that transfer energy from one electrical circuit to another through inductive coupling without moving parts. In addition, coils may be used to construct resonant circuits comprising series and / or parallel arrays of inductors and capacitors. In some applications, coils may also serve as antennas or antenna-like elements for detecting electromagnetic fields, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) or similar applications.
Für eine dieser Anwendungen wird beispielsweise vorgeschlagen, den Durchgang eines beweglichen Spielobjekts, beispielsweise eines Balles oder Pucks, durch eine Erfassungsebene (z.B. eine Torebene) unter Verwendung elektromagnetischer Felder und/oder Signale zu erfassen. Bei manchen Ballsportarten, beispielsweise Fußball bzw. Soccer oder Football, wird die Verwendung von automatischen Torschuss-Erfassungssystemen diskutiert, um menschliche Fehlentscheidungen zu vermeiden. Die sogenannte Torlinientechnik (Goal Line Technology) ist dabei eine Technik, die bestimmen kann, wann der Ball die Torlinie gekreuzt hat, und unterstützt den Schiedsrichter bei der Entscheidung, ob ein Tor gefallen ist oder nicht. Es gibt verschiedene alternative Ansätze zur Bestimmung der exakten Position oder der Stelle, wo sich der Ball genau befindet, beispielsweise auf Video basierende Systeme oder auf einem elektromagnetischen Feld basierende Systeme. In einem System, das auf einem elektromagnetischen Feld basiert, kann ein bewegliches Objekt, beispielsweise ein Ball, mit einer elektronischen Schaltung versehen sein, um elektromagnetische Signale zu senden und/oder zu empfangen und/oder zu reflektieren. Für Tennisbälle ist dies beispielsweise in der
Um Erfassungseigenschaften zu erreichen, die möglichst rotationsunabhängig sind, wird für ein Torschuss-Erfassungssystem die Installierung von drei orthogonal angeordneten Spulen oder Schleifenantennen in oder an einem beweglichen Objekt, z.B. einem Ball, vorgeschlagen, um zumindest einen Teil eines elektromagnetischen Felds zu emittieren oder zu reflektieren. Aufgrund dieser orthogonalen Anordnung der Spulen hat die Drehstellung des Balles einen nur geringen Einfluss auf die elektromagnetischen Emissions- oder Reflektionseigenschaften, da die drei orthogonalen Loop-Antennen theoretisch eine effektive Schleifenantenne ergeben, deren effektive öffnungsfläche senkrecht zu einem einfallenden Magnetfeld ist, das von einem Sender kommt, der am oder nahe am Tor installiert ist. Das heißt, die Normale der effektiven Öffnungsfläche der effektiven Schleifenantenne ist im Wesentlichen parallel zum Magnetfeldvektor.In order to achieve detection characteristics that are as independent of rotation as possible, a shotgun detection system is proposed to have three orthogonally arranged coils or loop antennas in or on a moving object, eg a ball, to emit or reflect at least part of an electromagnetic field , Because of this orthogonal arrangement of the coils, the rotational position of the ball has little effect on the electromagnetic emission or reflection characteristics since the three orthogonal loop antennas theoretically provide an effective loop antenna whose effective opening area is perpendicular to an incident magnetic field from a transmitter comes installed at or near the gate. That is, the normal of the effective aperture area of the effective loop antenna is substantially parallel to the magnetic field vector.
Für eine korrekte Funktion, d.h. eine hohe Genauigkeit von Torschuss-Erfassungssystemen sind die elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften des Balles oder eines Pucks von entscheidender Bedeutung. In einem Beispiel für ein Torschuss-Erfassungssystem kann ein Magnetfeld mittels eines stromführenden Leiters erzeugt werden, der um einen Torrahmen herum läuft. Das erzeugte Magnetfeld ist dabei senkrecht zu einer Erfassungsebene, die vom Torrahmen definiert wird. Dieses stimulierende Magnetfeld wird vom Ball reflektiert, wobei das reflektierte Signal den gleichen Richtungsvektor erzeugen sollte wie das stimulierende Feld (aufgrund der Ballelektronik mit einer Phasenverschiebung). Die geometrische Genauigkeit des reflektierten Signals beeinflusst direkt das Messergebnis und somit die Genauigkeit der Torentscheidung.For a correct function, ie a high accuracy of shotgun detection systems are the electromagnetic properties of the ball or a Pucks of vital importance. In one example of a shotgun detection system, a magnetic field may be generated by means of a live conductor running around a goal frame. The generated magnetic field is perpendicular to a detection plane, which is defined by the goal frame. This stimulating magnetic field is reflected by the ball, the reflected signal should produce the same directional vector as the stimulating field (due to the bile electronics with a phase shift). The geometric accuracy of the reflected signal directly affects the measurement result and thus the accuracy of the goal decision.
Das Erfassungssystem basiert auf drei orthogonalen Spulen im Ball. Jede der Spulen kann eine Mehrzahl von Windungen umfassen, die beispielsweise zwischen die Blase des Balles und die Außenhaut oder das Deckmaterial des Balles eingeführt sind. Um eine angemessene Qualität einer Resonanzspule in dem Ball zu erhalten, sollte der Durchmesser der Spule(n) so groß wie möglich sein, was bedeutet, dass die Spule(n) in oder unter dem Deckmaterial des Balles installiert sein sollte(n).The detection system is based on three orthogonal coils in the ball. Each of the coils may comprise a plurality of coils inserted, for example, between the bladder of the ball and the outer skin or covering material of the ball. In order to obtain an adequate quality of a resonance coil in the ball, the diameter of the coil (s) should be as large as possible, which means that the coil (s) should be installed in or under the covering material of the ball.
Infolge der Elastizität des Deckmaterials des Balles, welches beispielsweise aus mehreren Lederflicken bestehen kann, können jedoch alle Kraftstöße, die von außen auf den Ball treffen, direkt auf eine Spule im Ball übertragen werden. Damit die Spule nicht infolge solcher Kraftstöße bricht, sollte die Spule selbst elastisch sein. Bekannt ist das Einführen von Spulen mit elektrischen Leitern auf mäandernde Weise in einen Ball, so dass eine Längsachse der Spule(n) in Umfangsrichtung jeweils verlängert werden kann. Wegen der ständigen Belastung der Spule kommt es jedoch an Ecken des mäanderförmig angeordneten Leiters schon vor Ablauf der nötigen Betriebsdauer zu Ermüdungsbrüchen. Beispiele für Bruchstellen, die auf Ermüdungsbrüche einer Spulenstruktur zurückzuführen sind, sind in
Somit besteht ein Bedarf nach einem verbesserten Konzept für die Anordnung einer oder mehrerer Spulen in Bällen oder ganz allgemein Sportausrüstungsgegenständen.Thus, there is a need for an improved concept for the placement of one or more coils in balls or more generally sports equipment.
Diesem Bedarf wird durch Bälle oder Pucks und entsprechenden Herstellungsverfahren gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen Rechnung getragen.This need is met by balls or pucks and corresponding manufacturing processes according to the independent claims.
Für eine bestmögliche Systemleistung eines auf einem elektromagnetischen Feld basierenden Torschuss-Erfassungssystems können vorzugsweise drei zueinander im Wesentlichen orthogonale Loop-Antennen oder elektromagnetische Spulen in einen Sportausrüstungsgegenstand integriert sein, bei dem es sich gemäß einigen Ausführungsformen um einen mit Luft aufblasbaren Ball, beispielsweise einen Fußball, handeln kann. Normalerweise weist solch ein mit Luft aufblasbarer Ball, wie ein Fußball oder ein Handball, zumindest ein äußeres Deckmaterial bzw. eine Hülle des Balles auf, d.h. eine Ballaußenhaut, und eine innere Ballblase unterhalb der Außenhaut. Es ist auch möglich, zusätzliches Material zwischen die Außenhaut und die Blase einzubringen, um die Blase gegen Einwirkungen von außen zu schützen, beispielsweise Stiche oder dergleichen. Obwohl Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung auch auf Spielausrüstungen anwendbar sind, bei denen es sich nicht um Bälle handelt, werden die Grundlagen der vorliegenden Erfindung in erster Linie mit Bezug auf aufblasbare Bälle erklärt.For best possible system performance of an electromagnetic field based shotgun detection system, preferably three may be substantially one another orthogonal loop antennas or electromagnetic coils may be incorporated into a sports equipment, which may be an air-inflatable ball, such as a football, in accordance with some embodiments. Normally, such an air-inflatable ball, such as a football or a handball, has at least one outer cover or sheath of the ball, ie an outer ball skin, and an inner ball bladder below the outer skin. It is also possible to introduce additional material between the outer skin and the bladder to protect the bladder against external influences, such as stabs or the like. Although embodiments of the present invention are also applicable to game equipment other than balls, the principles of the present invention will be explained primarily with reference to inflatable balls.
Ein reflektiertes elektromagnetisches Signal von den integrierten Schleifenantennen oder Spulen in einem Ball hängt vom Umfang oder Durchmesser der mindestens einen Schleifenantenne in dem Ball ab. Das heißt, je höher der Schleifendurchmesser ist, desto höher ist die Signalstärke eines reflektierten Signals, und desto besser ist die Erfassungsrate eines auf einem elektromagnetischen Feld basierenden Torschuss-Erfassungssystems. Um einen möglichst hohen Schleifenantennendurchmesser zu erhalten, sollte daher die mindestens eine Schleifenantenne im Ball an eine Außenform des Balles angepasst sein. Dies kann durch Platzieren einer Schleifenantenne in Form einer elektromagnetischen Spule direkt unter der Außenhaut des Balles, zwischen der Außenhaut und der Blase oder einem zusätzlichen Schutzgewebe oder innerhalb der Ballblase angrenzend an die Innenwand der Blase durchgeführt werden. Dabei kann jedoch eine elastische Verformung des Balles, der eine Außenhaut und eine Blase umfasst, direkt auf die integrierten elektromagnetischen Spulen übertragen werden. Ohne Gegenmaßnahmen können die Spulen im Falle von elastischen Verformungen des Balles beschädigt werden.A reflected electromagnetic signal from the integrated loop antennas or coils in a ball depends on the circumference or diameter of the at least one loop antenna in the ball. That is, the higher the loop diameter, the higher the signal strength of a reflected signal, and the better the detection rate of an electromagnetic field-based shotgun detection system. In order to obtain the highest possible loop antenna diameter, therefore, the at least one loop antenna in the ball should be adapted to an outer shape of the ball. This can be done by placing a loop antenna in the form of an electromagnetic coil directly under the outer skin of the ball, between the outer skin and the bladder or an additional protective fabric or within the ball bladder adjacent to the inner wall of the bladder. However, elastic deformation of the ball comprising an outer skin and a bladder may be transmitted directly to the integrated electromagnetic coils. Without countermeasures, the coils may be damaged in the event of elastic deformation of the ball.
Somit zielen Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung darauf ab, Spulen bereitzustellen, die elastischen Verformungen eines Balles oder eines Pucks standhalten können bzw. sich daran anpassen können. Zu diesem Zweck kann die mindestens eine elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur, die in einen elastisch verformbaren Sportausrüstungsgegenstand integriert ist, so ausgelegt sein, dass die elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur eine Verlängerungsreserve (einen Ausdehnungspuffer) aufweist, die (bzw. der) vorzugsweise einer maximalen elastischen Verformung des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands im Spielbetrieb entspricht. Dabei kann die Verlängerungsreserve beispielsweise in einem Bereich von 5% bis 30% der "normalen" Länge liegen. Die Erfindung ist in Anspruch 1 definiert. Ausführungsformen schlagen also eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung einer mechanischen Last auf alle Abschnitte eines elektrischen Leiters der Spulenstruktur in dem Sportausrüstungsgegenstand vor. Zu diesem Zweck kann bei manchen Ausführungsformen eine herkömmliche zweidimensionale Mäanderstruktur um eine dritte Dimension erweitert werden, wodurch eine in Umfangsrichtung spiralartige oder schraubenartige Form einer Spule oder zumindest eines Teils davon erzeugt wird.Thus, embodiments of the present invention aim to provide spools that can withstand elastic deformations of a ball or puck. For this purpose, the at least one electromagnetic coil structure, which is integrated in an elastically deformable sports equipment, may be designed so that the electromagnetic coil structure has an extension reserve (an expansion buffer) that preferably corresponds to a maximum elastic deformation of the sports equipment in game mode. For example, the extension reserve may be in the range of 5% to 30% of the "normal" length. The invention is defined in claim 1. Embodiments thus suggest a more even distribution of a mechanical load on all portions of an electrical conductor of the coil structure in the sports equipment. For this purpose, in some embodiments, a conventional two-dimensional meander structure may be extended by a third dimension, thereby producing a circumferentially spiral-like or helical shape of a coil or at least a portion thereof.
Die gekrümmte Oberfläche innerhalb des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands kann in einem undeformierten oder nicht-deformierten Zustand des Gegenstands eine kugelige Oberfläche sein, die einen Umfang aufweist, wobei eine Länge (in Umfangsrichtung) mindestens einer spiralartig gewickelten Windung der Spulenstruktur bei einigen Ausführungsformen größer sein kann als der Umfang, um die Verlängerungsreserve in Umfangsrichtung zu ermöglichen. Die Verlängerungsreserve kann in einem Bereich von 5% bis 30% des Umfangs liegen.The curved surface within the sports equipment in an undeformed or undeformed condition of the article may be a spherical surface having a circumference, wherein a length (in the circumferential direction) of at least one helically wound turn of the coil structure may be greater than the circumference in some embodiments to allow the extension reserve in the circumferential direction. The renewal reserve may range from 5% to 30% of the volume.
Beispielsweise kann es sich bei der gekrümmten Oberfläche um die Innen- oder Außenfläche einer Ballblase oder die Innen- oder Außenfläche einer Außenhaut des Balles handeln. Das heißt, einige Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung schlagen vor, elektromagnetische Spulen in den Sportausrüstungsgegenstand zu integrieren, die vorzugsweise einen größeren Umfang aufweisen können als der Sportausrüstungsgegenstand selbst. Dies kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass eine Spule als dreidimensionale Raumkurve mit nicht-verschwindender Torsion und Krümmung geformt wird, d.h. dass sie spiral- oder schraubenförmig um eine in Umfangsrichtung verlaufende und entsprechend der gekrümmten Oberfläche gekrümmte Achse gewickelt wird, ähnlich wie bei einem Spiralkabel. Dabei kann es sich auch lediglich um eine gedachte Achse handeln.For example, the curved surface may be the inner or outer surface of a ball bladder or the inner or outer surface of an outer skin of the ball. That is, some embodiments of the present invention propose to integrate electromagnetic coils into the sports equipment, which may preferably be larger in circumference than the sports equipment itself. This may be accomplished by providing a coil as a three-dimensional space curve with non-zero torsion and curvature is formed, ie that it is helically or helically wound around a circumferentially extending curved axis corresponding to the curved surface, similar to a spiral cable. It can also be merely an imaginary axis.
Das heißt, in Ausführungsformen kann ein elektrischer Leiter der mindestens einen elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur im Wesentlichen spiralförmig entlang einer Kreisbahn angeordnet sein oder um die gekrümmte Oberfläche herum verlaufen. Die Kreisbahn kann dabei durch Schneiden einer Ebene durch die Mitte der gekrümmten, genauer kugeligen Oberfläche und der gekrümmten oder kugeligen Oberfläche selbst erhalten werden, wodurch man auf der kugeligen Oberfläche einen Kreis erhält, der den gleichen Umfang hat wie die kugelige Oberfläche.That is, in embodiments, an electrical conductor of the at least one electromagnetic coil structure may be substantially spirally disposed along a circular path or extending around the curved surface. The circular path can thereby be obtained by cutting a plane through the center of the curved, more precisely spherical surface and the curved or spherical surface itself, whereby one obtains on the spherical surface a circle which has the same circumference as the spherical surface.
Wenn nun eine verformende Kraft in Längsrichtung (d.h. entlang der Umfangsrichtung) der dreidimensionalen spiralartigen Spule mit der nicht-verschwindenden geometrischen Torsion und Krümmung, wie z.B. einer Spirale oder Helix, wirkt, kann ein Biegemoment, das bisher nur auf die Ecken der zweidimensional mäandernden Leiter gewirkt hat, in mechanische Torsion umgesetzt werden, die gleichmäßig auf alle Punkte des elektrischen Leiters der mindestens einen deformierbaren elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur verteilt werden kann. In diesem Fall können die Steigung oder der Gradient der dreidimensional gekrümmten elektromagnetischen Spule mit der nicht-verschwindenden geometrischen Torsion und Krümmung und das verwendete Material vorzugsweise so aufeinander abgestimmt werden, dass die maximal auftretende mechanische Torsion nie größer wird als der Elastizitätsbereich des elektrischen Leiters der Spule. Solange der Elastizitätsbereich nicht verlassen wird, kann die Spule quasi als unendlich haltbar betrachtet werden. Dies könnte das technische Problem des vorzeitigen Versagens der Spule lösen. Somit gibt es Ausführungsformen, die das Wickeln eines elektrischen Leiters der Spulenstruktur mit einem nicht-verschwindenden Gradienten (in Umfangsrichtung) um die Mantelfläche eines entsprechend der gekrümmten oder kugeligen Oberfläche gekrümmten Zylinders oder Rohrs, das auf einem Kreispfad der im Wesentlichen kugeligen Oberfläche innerhalb des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands verläuft, vorschlagen. Man kann auch sagen, dass die Spule spiralförmig um einen Torus gewickelt wird. Um solche spiral- oder schraubenförmigen Spulen herzustellen, hat man die Möglichkeit, ihren elektrischen Leiter um einen torusartigen elastischen Kern, der z.B. ein kautschuk- bzw. gummiartiges Material aufweisen kann, zu wickeln oder eine Hohlspirale bzw. Hohlwendel zu erzeugen. Das jeweilige Design hängt von den mechanischen Eigenschaften des elektrischen Leiters ab.Now, when a deforming force in the longitudinal direction (ie along the circumferential direction) of the three-dimensional spiral coil with the non-vanishing geometric torsion and curvature, such as a spiral or helix acts, a bending moment, so far only on the corners of the two-dimensional meandering ladder has been converted into mechanical torsion, which can be uniformly distributed to all points of the electrical conductor of the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure. In this case, the slope or the gradient of the three-dimensionally curved electromagnetic coil with the non-vanishing geometrical torsion and curvature and the material used can preferably be matched to each other so that the maximum occurring mechanical torsion never becomes greater than the elastic range of the electrical conductor of the coil , As long as the elasticity range is not left, the coil can be regarded as quasi-durable. This could solve the technical problem of premature failure of the coil. Thus, there are embodiments that include winding an electrical conductor of the coil structure with a non-vanishing gradient (circumferentially) about the surface of a corresponding curved or spherical surface curved cylinder or tube, on a circular path of the substantially spherical surface within the sports equipment runs, suggest. It can also be said that the coil is wound spirally around a torus. In order to produce such helical or helical coils, it is possible to wind their electrical conductor around a torus-like elastic core, which may have, for example, a rubber or rubber-like material, or to produce a hollow spiral or hollow helix. The particular design depends on the mechanical properties of the electrical conductor.
Wie bereits gesagt, sind die Ausführungsformen nicht streng auf Bälle als Sportausrüstungsgegenstände beschränkt. Daher kann im Kontext dieser Beschreibung auch ein Eishockey-Puck als Sportausrüstungsgegenstand verstanden werden. Das heißt, der Sportausrüstungsgegenstand kann zur Gruppe eines Fußballs, eines Balles für American Football, eines Rugby-Balles, eines Basketballs, eines Handballs, eines Volleyballs, eines Tennisballs, oder eines Puck gehören. Man beachte, dass diese Beispielsliste nicht abschließend gemeint ist.As already mentioned, the embodiments are not strictly limited to balls as sports equipment. Therefore, in the context of this description, an ice hockey puck may also be understood as a sports equipment item. That is, the sports equipment may belong to the group of a soccer ball, an American football ball, a rugby ball, a basketball, a handball, a volleyball, a tennis ball, or a puck. Note that this example list is not meant to be exhaustive.
Die mindestens eine elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur kann mindestens eine Windung einer elektromagnetischen Spule oder Schleifenantenne, die (spiralförmig) auf einem Kreispfad (d.h. entlang des Umfangs) entlang der gekrümmten oder kugeligen Oberfläche verläuft, umfassen. Anders ausgedrückt kann die mindestens eine Windung der elektromagnetischen Spule oder Schleifenantenne spiralförmig um einen gedachten oder tatsächlich vorhandenen (elastischen) Torus um die gekrümmte oder kugelige Oberfläche herum verlaufen. Typischerweise umfasst die elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur mehr als eine Spule. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur mindestens drei elektromagnetische Spulen auf, die senkrecht zueinander oder orthogonal zueinander um den Umfang der gekrümmten Oberfläche innerhalb des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands, d.h. des Balles, angeordnet sind. Genauer können die drei spiralförmig gewickelten elektromagnetischen Spulen in manchen Ausführungsformen auf einer kugeligen Oberfläche in dem Sportausrüstungsgegenstand angeordnet sein, z.B. zwischen einer Ballblase und einer Ballaußenhaut oder einem Deckmaterial des Balles.The at least one electromagnetic coil structure may include at least one turn of an electromagnetic coil or loop antenna that extends (spirally) along a circular path (ie, along the circumference) along the curved or spherical surface. In other words, the at least one turn of the electromagnetic coil or loop antenna may spiral around an imaginary or actually existing (elastic) torus about the curved or spherical surface run around. Typically, the electromagnetic coil structure comprises more than one coil. In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic coil structure comprises at least three electromagnetic coils, which are arranged perpendicular to each other or orthogonal to each other around the circumference of the curved surface within the sports equipment, ie the ball. More specifically, in some embodiments, the three spirally wound electromagnetic coils may be disposed on a spherical surface in the sports equipment, eg, between a ball bladder and an outer ball skin or covering material of the ball.
Da die Spulen typischerweise elektrisch leitendes Material wie Kupfer, Silber oder Aluminium aufweisen, ist die Elastizität des leitenden Materials an sich deutlich niedriger als die Elastizität der Hülle des Balles, einer Ballblase oder eines dazwischenliegenden Schutzgewebes. Auf der anderen Seite wirkt die Steifigkeit der Spulen der Verformung des Balles entgegen, und das dynamische Verhalten des Balles kann stark beeinflusst werden. Aus diesem Grund schlagen manche Ausführungsformen Spiralmuster der Wicklungen der mindestens einen Spulenstruktur vor. Das heißt, dass die Länge der mindestens einen Windung der Spulenstruktur größer ist als der Umfang der kugeligen Struktur, kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass man den elektrischen Leiter der Spule um ein in Umfangsrichtung gekrümmt verlaufendes (gedachtes) Rohr, d.h. einen Torus-(Abschnitt), wickelt. Das heißt, ein elektrischer Leiter der mindestens einen verformbaren elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur kann (zumindest abschnittsweise) in einem dreidimensionalen Spiral- oder Schraubenmuster um die gekrümmte Oberfläche des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands herum angeordnet werden. Dabei windet sich eine Schraubenlinie um eine (gedachte) Mantelfläche eines (gedachten) Zylinders, der eine gekrümmte Längsachse aufweist (auch als Torus oder Torus-Abschnitt bezeichnet), die sich in Umfangsrichtung um die gekrümmte bzw. kugelige Oberfläche erstreckt.As the coils typically comprise electrically conductive material such as copper, silver or aluminum, the elasticity of the conductive material per se is significantly lower than the elasticity of the shell of the ball, a ball bladder or an intermediate protective fabric. On the other hand, the rigidity of the coils counteracts the deformation of the ball, and the dynamic behavior of the ball can be greatly influenced. For this reason, some embodiments propose spiral patterns of the windings of the at least one coil structure. That is, the length of the at least one turn of the coil structure is greater than the circumference of the spherical structure can be achieved by winding the electrical conductor of the coil around a circumferentially curved (imaginary) tube, i. a torus (section), wraps. That is, an electrical conductor of the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure may be disposed (at least in sections) in a three-dimensional spiral or helical pattern around the curved surface of the sports equipment. In this case, a helix winds around a (imaginary) lateral surface of a (imaginary) cylinder having a curved longitudinal axis (also referred to as torus or torus section) which extends in the circumferential direction around the curved or spherical surface.
Bei manchen Ausführungsformen kann es von Vorteil sein, die mindestens eine verformbare elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur durch ein elastisches und/oder flexibles Träger- oder Einbettungsmaterial zu stützen, um die Spiralform der Spulenstruktur in der Spielausrüstung besser zu stützen. Ein solcher Aufbau, der dazu beiträgt, eine spiralförmig gewickelte Spule gegen eine radiale Ausdehnung, z.B. durch den normalen Luftdruck des Sportobjekts, zu schützen, kann innerhalb einer Innenblase oder zwischen der Innenblase und einem äußeren Deckmaterial des Sportobjekts platziert werden. Dadurch ist das elastische und/oder flexible Träger- oder Einbettungsmaterial, bei dem es sich um Gummi oder ein ähnliches Material handeln kann, vorzugsweise steif genug, um seine Form oder Geometrie unter normalem Luftdruck des mit Luft aufblasbaren Balles zu behalten, ist aber auch flexibel genug, um beispielsweise eine Kompression des Balles, die durch einen Schlag gegen den Ball oder ein Schießen des Balles gegen einen Torrahmen verursacht wird, zu übertragen.In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to support the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure by an elastic and / or flexible carrier or potting material to better support the spiral shape of the coil structure in the gaming equipment. Such a construction which helps to form a helically wound coil against radial expansion, eg by the normal air pressure of the sports object can be placed inside an inner bladder or between the inner bladder and an outer covering material of the sports object. Thus, the elastic and / or flexible backing or potting material, which may be rubber or a similar material, is preferably stiff enough to retain its shape or geometry under normal air pressure of the air inflatable ball, but is also flexible enough, for example, to transmit a compression of the ball caused by a blow to the ball or a shooting of the ball against a goal frame.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich dazu können einer oder mehrere (parallele) elektrische Leiter der elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur einen ersten Abschnitt, der mit einer ersten Spiralausrichtung (z.B. rechtsgängig) gewickelt ist, und einen zweiten Abschnitt aufweisen, der mit einer zweiten, beispielsweise entgegengesetzten Spiralausrichtung (z.B. linksgängig) gewickelt ist. Dabei kann eine Mehrzahl von parallelen Leitern in der jeweiligen Spiralausrichtung im Wesentlichen parallel gewickelt werden. Die erste und die zweite Spiralausrichtung können zu mindestens einer Überschneidung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Abschnitt des mindestens einen elektrischen Leiters führen. Anders ausgedrückt können der erste und der zweite Abschnitt des mindestens einen Leiters in entgegengesetzten Richtungen, z.B. im Uhrzeigersinn und entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, um die Mantelfläche eines (gedachten) gekrümmten Zylinders bzw. einer gekrümmten Röhre gewickelt werden. Ferner können der erste und der zweite Abschnitt des Leiters verdrillt, verschlungen oder geflochten sein. Eine Spule kann also beispielsweise eine Mehrzahl geflochtener Leiter (ein Leitergeflecht), z.B. Kupferdrähte, umfassen. Dies kann auch dazu beitragen, der Spulenstruktur mehr Stabilität zu verleihen.Alternatively or additionally, one or more (parallel) electrical conductors of the electromagnetic coil structure may have a first section wound with a first spiral orientation (eg right-handed) and a second section having a second, for example opposite spiral orientation (eg left-handed) is wound. In this case, a plurality of parallel conductors in the respective spiral orientation can be wound substantially parallel. The first and second spiral orientations may result in at least one intersection between the first and second portions of the at least one electrical conductor. In other words, the first and second portions of the at least one conductor may be in opposite directions, e.g. in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction around the surface of a (imaginary) curved cylinder or a curved tube to be wound. Further, the first and second portions of the conductor may be twisted, entangled or braided. Thus, for example, a coil may include a plurality of braided conductors (a conductor braid), e.g. Copper wires, include. This can also help give the coil structure more stability.
Bei anderen Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Verlängerungsreserve der elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur außerdem dadurch erhalten werden, dass man elastische elektrische Leiter verwendet, so dass die elastischen oder dehnbaren Leiter ihrerseits ähnlich wie Gummibänder wirken, die um die gekrümmte oder kugelige Oberfläche innerhalb des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands platziert sind. Beispielsweise können solche elastischen Leiter auf Silber-Nanodrahtleitern oder Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren beruhen, um streckfähige bzw. dehnbare elektromagnetische Spulen für die elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur zu erhalten. Außerdem können diese elastischen Leiter für bessere Unterstützungs- und Führungseigenschaften der flexiblen Spulen auf einem dehnbaren Substrat platziert werden.In other embodiments of the present invention, the extension reserve of the electromagnetic coil structure may also be obtained by using elastic electrical conductors so that the elastic or stretchable conductors, in turn, act similar to rubber bands placed around the curved or spherical surface within the sports equipment. For example, such elastic conductors may be based on silver nanowires or carbon nanotubes to provide stretchable electromagnetic coils for the To obtain electromagnetic coil structure. In addition, these elastic conductors can be placed on a stretchable substrate for better support and guiding properties of the flexible coils.
Wie bereits erklärt wurde, kann es sich bei dem Sportausrüstungsgegenstand um einen aufblasbaren Ball mit einer Ballblase und einem Deckmaterial oder einer Außenhaut des Balles handeln, wobei die mindestens eine verformbare elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur in einigen Ausführungsformen zwischen der Ballblase und der Ballhaut angeordnet ist. In anderen Ausführungsformen kann die mindestens eine verformbare elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur auch innerhalb der Ballblase oder unterhalb der Oberfläche der Ballblase angeordnet sein. Es ist sogar möglich, die mindestens eine verformbare elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur in manchen Ausführungsformen an der Außenfläche der Ballhaut anzuordnen.As already explained, the sports equipment article may be an inflatable ball having a ball bladder and a cover material or skin of the ball, wherein the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure is disposed between the ball bladder and the ball skin in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure may also be disposed within the ball bladder or below the surface of the ball bladder. It is even possible to arrange the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure in some embodiments on the outer surface of the ball skin.
Optional kann der Sportausrüstungsgegenstand eine Einrichtung zur Festlegung einer Position der mindestens einen verformbaren elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur an der gekrümmten Oberfläche unterhalb eines Deckmaterials des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands aufweisen. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Einrichtung zur Festlegung durch die Verwendung von Nähten / Fäden im Deckmaterial des Balles oder durch spezielle Befestigungslaschen verwirklicht werden, die um die gekrümmte Oberfläche herum möglichst in regelmäßigen Abständen angeordnet sein können. Die Befestigungslaschen können gemäß einigen Ausführungsform haftend sein. In anderen Ausführungsformen kann die elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur auch innerhalb des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands an der gekrümmten Oberfläche (z.B. einer Ballblase) angeklebt sein. Für diesen Zweck kann in manchen Ausführungsformen doppelseitiges Klebeband verwendet werden. Mit einer Seite kann das Band an der Blase angeklebt werden, und auf der anderen Seite kann die Spulenstruktur an dem befestigten Band angeklebt werden.Optionally, the sports equipment article may include means for determining a position of the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure on the curved surface beneath a cover material of the sports equipment. In some embodiments, the attachment means may be realized by the use of sutures in the cover material of the ball or by special attachment tabs which may be spaced about the curved surface as regularly as possible. The attachment tabs may be adhesive according to some embodiments. In other embodiments, the electromagnetic coil structure may also be adhered to the curved surface (e.g., a ball bladder) within the sports equipment article. For this purpose, double-sided adhesive tape may be used in some embodiments. On one side the tape can be glued to the bladder and on the other side the reel structure can be glued to the attached tape.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann es von Vorteil sein, mehrere elektrische Komponenten zusammen mit der mindestens einen Spule in dem Sportausrüstungsgegenstand zu einer Einheit zu integrieren. Beispielsweise können kapazitive oder resistive Komponenten zusammen mit der Spulenstruktur integriert werden, um eine oder mehrere Resonanzschaltungen in dem Sportausrüstungsgegenstand zu implementieren. Das heißt, in manchen Ausführungsformen kann der elastisch verformbare Sportausrüstungsgegenstand ferner mindestens ein kapazitives Element, das mit der mindestens einen elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur verbunden ist, aufweisen, um eine Resonanzschaltung für eine vorgegebene Frequenz oder einen vorgegebenen Frequenzbereich zu bilden. Beispielsweise kann der Frequenzbereich in der Sub-Megahertzregion, d.h. 10 kHz bis 150 kHz, liegen. Dies kann besonders interessant sein für Rückstreuungskopplungskonzepte, wobei Antennen, die am Tor installiert sind, mit einer oder mehreren Spulen im Ball über Rückstreuung induktiv verkoppelt werden. Dabei nutzt die Rückstreuung (induktive Kopplung) die elektromagnetische Leistung, die von einem Sender ausgesendet wird, um die Elektronik im Ball anzuregen. Im Wesentlichen kann der Ball einen Teil der gesendeten Leistung reflektieren, aber einige der Eigenschaften ändern, und auf diese Weise auch Informationen an den Sender zurückschicken.In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to integrate multiple electrical components together with the at least one coil in the sports equipment into a unit. For example, capacitive or resistive components may be integrated with the coil structure to form one or more resonant circuits in the sports equipment item. That is, in some embodiments, the elastically deformable sports equipment article may further include at least one capacitive element connected to the at least one electromagnetic coil structure to form a resonant circuit for a predetermined frequency or a predetermined frequency range. For example, the frequency range may be in the sub-megahertz region, ie 10 kHz to 150 kHz. This may be particularly interesting for backscatter coupling concepts wherein antennas installed at the gate are inductively coupled to one or more coils in the ball via backscatter. The backscatter (inductive coupling) uses the electromagnetic power emitted by a transmitter to excite the electronics in the ball. In essence, the ball may reflect some of the transmitted power, but change some of the characteristics, and in this way also send information back to the transmitter.
In manchen Ausführungsformen kann das mindestens eine kapazitive Element in das Deckmaterial des Sportausrüstungsgegenstands oder in einen Bereich des Deckmaterials integriert sein, wie z.B. einzelne Lederflicken. In anderen Ausführungsformen kann das kapazitive Element nahe an einer damit zusammenwirkenden Spule, möglichst auf dem gleichen Substrat wie die Spule, angeordnet sein. Dies kann einen effizienten Herstellungsprozess und gute Resonanzeigenschaften ermöglichen.In some embodiments, the at least one capacitive element may be integrated with the cover material of the sports equipment or with a portion of the cover material, such as a cover material. single leather patches. In other embodiments, the capacitive element may be located close to a cooperating coil, if possible on the same substrate as the coil. This can enable an efficient manufacturing process and good resonance characteristics.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elastisch verformbarer Sportausrüstungsgegenstands nach Anspruch 14. Somit schlagen Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung Lösungen für das Problem vor, wie die mindestens eine Spule zu entwerfen ist und wie sie in den Ball integriert werden kann, um der mechanischen Verformung des Balles standzuhalten, wenn dieser von einem Spieler getroffen wird oder gegen den Torrahmen geschossen wird. Einige Ausführungsformen schlagen eine Spule mit mindestens einer Windung vor, die aus einer elastischen leitfähigen Struktur gewickelt ist, die durch Wickeln eines elektrischen Leiters in Form einer Spirale um einen elastischen Kern hergestellt werden kann. Dabei kann eine Mehrzahl von Leitern parallel um den Kern gewickelt werden, wobei die Mehrzahl von Leitern in der gleichen oder einer gegensinnigen Richtung in einer anderen Verteilung gewickelt werden kann. In manchen Ausführungsformen kann die Spule eine dreidimensionale Hohlspirale bzw. -wendel bilden. Um die Wicklung der Spulenstruktur zu stabilisieren, kann außerdem eine spiralartige Wicklung in der entgegengesetzten Richtung angewendet werden. Das heißt, während eine spiralartige Wicklung der Spulenstruktur im Uhrzeigersinn ausgerichtet sein kann, kann eine weitere spiralartige Wicklung der Spulenstruktur entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn ausgerichtet sein. In manchen Ausführungsformen können die Leiter, die in beiden Wicklungsrichtungen angelegt sind, ineinander gewunden oder verdrillt sein.According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making an elastically deformable sports equipment according to claim 14. Thus, embodiments of the present invention provide solutions to the problem of how to design the at least one coil and how it can be integrated into the ball to withstand the mechanical deformation of the ball as it is struck by a player or shot against the goal frame becomes. Some embodiments propose a coil having at least one turn wound from an elastic conductive structure that can be made by winding an electrical conductor in the form of a spiral around an elastic core. In this case, a plurality of conductors can be wound in parallel around the core, wherein the plurality of conductors can be wound in the same or an opposite direction in a different distribution. In some embodiments, the coil may form a three-dimensional hollow spiral. In order to stabilize the winding of the coil structure, moreover, a spiral type winding in the opposite direction may be used. That is, while a spiral winding of the coil structure may be oriented in a clockwise direction, another spiral winding of the coil structure may be oriented counterclockwise. In some embodiments, the conductors that are applied in both winding directions may be intertwined or twisted.
Bei Ausführungsformen sind einzelne elektrische Leiter an einem Ende einer Wicklung so mit dem Anfang der Wicklung verbunden, dass eine kontinuierliche Wicklung erzeugt werden kann. Das heißt, die Gesamtzahl der Windungen einer Spule entspricht daher der Zahl der Leiter, multipliziert mit der Zahl der Windungen des elastischen Kerns.In embodiments, individual electrical conductors at one end of a winding are connected to the beginning of the winding such that a continuous winding can be produced. That is, the total number of turns of a coil is therefore the number of conductors multiplied by the number of turns of the elastic core.
Einige Ausführungsformen von Vorrichtungen und/oder Verfahren werden nachstehend lediglich anhand von Beispielen und mit Bezug auf die begleitenden Figuren beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch Beispiele für Bruchstellen, die auf Ermüdungsbrüche einer mäanderförmigen Spulenstruktur zurückzuführen sind;
- Fig. 2a
- das Wicklungsprinzip einer verformbaren elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur gemäß einer Ausführungsform, die um eine gekrümmte Oberfläche innerhalb eines Sportausrüstungsgegenstands angeordnet ist;
- Fig. 2b
- um einen elastischen Kern gewickelte Hohlwendel;
- Fig. 2c
- unterschiedliche Spiralorientierungen; und
- Fig. 3
- schematisch einen Ball, der eine elektromagnetische Spulenstruktur umfasst, die drei spiralartig gewickelte elektromagnetische Spulen aufweist, die senkrecht zueinander um eine gekrümmte Oberfläche herum angeordnet sind, um mindestens drei Schleifenantennen im Ball auszubilden.
- Fig. 1
- schematic examples of fractures due to fatigue fractures of a meandering coil structure;
- Fig. 2a
- the winding principle of a deformable electromagnetic coil structure according to an embodiment, which is arranged around a curved surface within a sports equipment item;
- Fig. 2b
- hollow coil wound around an elastic core;
- Fig. 2c
- different spiral orientations; and
- Fig. 3
- 10 schematically illustrates a ball comprising an electromagnetic coil structure having three spirally wound electromagnetic coils arranged perpendicular to each other about a curved surface to form at least three loop antennas in the ball.
Verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele werden nun ausführlicher unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen beschrieben, in denen einige Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt sind. In den Figuren können die Dickenabmessungen von Linien, Schichten und/oder Regionen um der Deutlichkeit Willen übertrieben dargestellt sein.Various embodiments will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some embodiments are illustrated. In the figures, the thickness dimensions of lines, layers and / or regions may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
Obwohl Ausführungsbeispiele auf verschiedene Weise modifiziert und abgeändert werden können, sind Ausführungsformen in den Figuren als Beispiele dargestellt und werden hierin ausführlich beschrieben. Es sei jedoch klargestellt, dass nicht beabsichtigt ist, Ausführungsbeispiele auf die jeweils offenbarten Formen zu beschränken, sondern dass Ausführungsbeispiele vielmehr sämtliche Modifikationen, Äquivalente und Alternativen, die im Bereich der Erfindung liegen, abdecken sollen. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen in der gesamten Figurenbeschreibung gleiche oder ähnliche Elemente.Although embodiments may be variously modified and changed, embodiments are illustrated in the figures as examples and will be described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit embodiments to the particular forms disclosed, but that embodiments are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that are within the scope of the invention. Like reference numerals designate like or similar elements throughout the description of the figures.
Man beachte, dass ein Element, dass als mit einem anderen Element "verbunden" oder "verkoppelt" bezeichnet wird, mit dem anderen Element direkt verbunden oder verkoppelt sein kann oder dass dazwischenliegende Elemente vorhanden sein können. Wenn ein Element dagegen als "direkt verbunden" oder "direkt verkoppelt" mit einem anderen Element bezeichnet wird, sind keine dazwischenliegenden Elemente vorhanden. Andere Begriffe, die verwendet werden, um die Beziehung zwischen Elementen zu beschreiben, sollten auf ähnliche Weise interpretiert werden (z.B., "zwischen" gegenüber "direkt dazwischen", "angrenzend" gegenüber "direkt angrenzend" usw.).Note that an element referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements. Other terms used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a similar way (eg, "between" versus "directly in between,""adjacent" versus "directly adjacent," etc.).
Die Terminologie, die hierin verwendet wird, dient nur der Beschreibung bestimmter Ausführungsformen und soll die Ausführungsbeispiele nicht beschränken. Wie hierin verwendet, sollen die Singularformen einer," eine", "eines " und "der, die, das" auch die Pluralformen beinhalten, solange der Kontext nicht eindeutig etwas anderes angibt. Ferner sei klargestellt, dass die Ausdrücke "beinhaltet", "beinhaltend", aufweist" und/oder "aufweisend", wie hierin verwendet, das Vorhandensein von genannten Merkmalen, ganzen Zahlen, Schritten, Arbeitsabläufen, Elementen und/oder Komponenten angeben, aber das Vorhandensein oder die Hinzufügung von einem bzw. einer oder mehreren Merkmalen, ganzen Zahlen, Schritten, Arbeitsabläufen, Elementen, Komponenten und/oder Gruppen davon nicht ausschließen.The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms of "a," "an," and "the," are also meant to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, it should be understood that the terms "including," "including," "and / or having," as used herein, indicate the presence of said features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but that Presence or addition of one or more features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
Solange nichts anderes definiert ist, haben sämtliche hierin verwendeten Begriffe (einschließlich von technischen und wissenschaftlichen Begriffen) die gleiche Bedeutung, die ihnen ein Durchschnittsfachmann auf dem Gebiet, zu dem die Ausführungsbeispiele gehören, beimisst. Ferner sei klargestellt, dass Ausdrücke, z.B. diejenigen, die in allgemein verwendeten Wörterbüchern definiert sind, so zu interpretieren sind, als hätten sie die Bedeutung, die mit ihrer Bedeutung im Kontext der einschlägigen Technik konsistent ist, und nicht in einem idealisierten oder übermäßig formalen Sinn zu interpretieren sind, solange dies hierin nicht ausdrücklich definiert ist.Unless defined otherwise, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly assigned to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments pertain. Further, it should be understood that terms, e.g. those that are defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and not to be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless this is so is explicitly defined.
Durch die Anordnung von
Die wenigstens eine spiral- oder schraubenförmige Spule 204 kann beispielsweise um einen elastischen Kern, der z.B. ein kautschuk- bzw. gummiartiges Material aufweisen kann, gewickelt werden, um der Spulenstruktur 200 eine gewisse Stabilität zu verleihen. Eine spiral- oder schraubenförmige Spule 204 um einen torusartigen elastischen Kern 210 ist schematisch in
Weiterhin können zur Verbesserung der Stabilität ein oder mehrere (parallele) elektrische Leiter 204a (oder Abschnitte davon) der elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur 200 mit einer ersten Spiralausrichtung (z.B. rechtsgängig) gewickelt sein, während andere (parallele) elektrische Leiter 204b (oder Abschnitte davon) der elektromagnetischen Spulenstruktur 200 mit einer zweiten Spiralausrichtung (z.B. rechtsgängig) gewickelt sind. Unterschiedliche Spiralausrichtungen sind schematisch in der
Die Beschreibung und die Zeichnungen stellen lediglich die Prinzipien von einigen Ausführungsbeispielen dar. Daher liegt auf der Hand, dass der Fachmann in der Lage ist, verschiedene Anordnungen zu ersinnen, die hierin zwar nicht ausdrücklich beschrieben oder dargestellt sind, aber dennoch die Grundlagen der Erfindung verkörpern.The description and drawings are merely illustrative of the principles of some embodiments. It is therefore to be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements that are not expressly described or illustrated herein, yet embody the principles of the invention ,
Ferner sind sämtliche hierin genannten Beispiele in erster Linie ausdrücklich für Illustrationszwecke gedacht, um dem Leser dabei zu helfen, die Grundlagen der Erfindung und die vom Erfinder bzw. von den Erfindern beigetragenen Gedanken zur Fortentwicklung der Technik zu verstehen, und sind als nicht beschränkt auf solche speziell genannten Beispiele und Bedingungen aufzufassen. Außerdem sollen alle Aussagen hierin, die Grundlagen, Aspekte und Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, ebenso wie spezifische Beispiele dafür nennen.Furthermore, all examples herein are expressly intended for illustrative purposes only, to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the ideas for advancing the art contributed by the inventor (s) to the art, and are not intended to be so limited specifically mentioned examples and conditions. In addition, all statements herein, the Bases, aspects and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof.
Claims (14)
- An elastically deformable item of sports equipment (300), that is, a ball or a puck, comprising:at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure (200) arranged around a curved surface (202) within the item of sports equipment (300), wherein the curved surface (202) is, in an undeformed condition of the item, a rotationally symmetrical surface having a circumference, and wherein a length of at least one turn of the coil structure (200) around the rotationally symmetrical surface (202) is larger than its circumference, wherein the at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure (200) is wound spirally around a circumferentially extending axis (208) being curved according to the curved surface (202) to provide an elongation reserve related to a maximum elastic deformation of the item of sports equipment (300).
- The item of sports equipment (300) of claim 1, wherein the rotationally symmetrical surface is a spherical surface.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one electrical conductor (204) of the at least one electromagnetic coil structure (200) is arranged essentially spirally along a circular path on the curved surface.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of claim 3, wherein at least one electrical conductor (204) of the at least one electromagnetic coil structure (200) comprises a first portion (204a) being wound with a first spiral orientation and a second portion (204b) being wound with a second spiral orientation, wherein the first and the second spiral orientations lead to at least one intersection of the first and the second portions of the electrical conductor.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of claim 4, wherein the first and the second portions (204a; 204b) of the electrical conductor form a twisted or braided pair of conductors.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the at least one electrical conductor (204) of the at least one electromagnetic coil structure is wound around an elastic and/or flexible carrier material (210), the carrier material being arranged along the circumferential direction of the curved surface (202).
- The item of sports equipment (300) of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a device (302) configured to fix a position of the at least one electromagnetic coil structure on the curved surface underneath an outer skin of the item of sports equipment.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of claim 7, wherein the device (302) comprises seams of the outer skin or fixation straps for fixation arranged around the curved surface.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one capacitive element coupled to the at least one electromagnetic coil structure (200) to form a resonant circuit for a frequency in the range of 10 kHz to 150 kHz.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of claim 9, wherein the at least one capacitive element is integrated into a cover material of the item of sports equipment (300) or into a patch thereof.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least three spirally wound coils (204-1, 204-2; 204-3) arranged perpendicular to each other around the curved surface (202) to form at least three loop antennas in the item of sports equipment (300).
- The item of sports equipment (300) of claim 11, wherein each of the at least three electromagnetic coils (204-1, 204-2; 204-3) is tuned separately to a respective resonant frequency by at least one capacitor.
- The item of sports equipment (300) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the item is a ball having a ball bladder and an outer ball skin, and wherein the at least one electromagnetic coil structure (200) is arranged between the ball bladder and the outer ball skin.
- A method for manufacturing an elastically deformable item of sports equipment (300), that is, a ball or a puck, the method comprising:arranging at least one deformable electromagnetic coil structure (200) around a curved surface (202) within the item of sports equipment, wherein the curved surface (202) is, in an undeformed condition of the item, a rotationally symmetrical surface having a circumference, and wherein a length of at least one turn of the coil structure (200) around the rotationally symmetrical surface (202) is larger than its circumference, such that the at least one electromagnetic coil structure (200) is wound spirally around a circumferentially extending axis (208) being curved according to the curved surface (202) to provide an elongation reserve related to a maximum elastic deformation of the item of sports equipment (300).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201261736823P | 2012-12-13 | 2012-12-13 | |
DE102013100216.1A DE102013100216B4 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2013-01-10 | ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE SPORTS EQUIPMENT WITH A DEFORMABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC COIL STRUCTURE |
PCT/EP2013/074754 WO2014090572A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2013-11-26 | Elastically deformable piece of sporting equipment having a deformable electromagnetic coil structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2931387A1 EP2931387A1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
EP2931387B1 true EP2931387B1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
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EP13802004.5A Active EP2931387B1 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2013-11-26 | Elastically deformable piece of sporting equipment having a deformable electromagnetic coil structure |
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US (1) | US9889343B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2931387B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104870062B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013100216B4 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2931387T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2644835T3 (en) |
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JP6598533B2 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2019-10-30 | ブリヂストンスポーツ株式会社 | Golf ball with built-in IC chip |
CN113205958B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2023-01-31 | 骏日科技(深圳)有限公司 | Winding device and method of spherical coil |
CN113644414B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-05-06 | 大连理工大学 | Antenna device, method for manufacturing the same, and communication device |
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TW201010760A (en) * | 2008-09-15 | 2010-03-16 | geng-xian Lin | Light-emitting ball |
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DE102008058943B3 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-05-12 | Adidas International Marketing B.V. | Bubble for a ball |
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- 2013-01-10 DE DE102013100216.1A patent/DE102013100216B4/en active Active
- 2013-11-26 CN CN201380065166.5A patent/CN104870062B/en active Active
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- 2013-11-26 EP EP13802004.5A patent/EP2931387B1/en active Active
- 2013-11-26 US US14/651,171 patent/US9889343B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-26 DK DK13802004.5T patent/DK2931387T3/en active
- 2013-11-26 ES ES13802004.5T patent/ES2644835T3/en active Active
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CN104870062B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
CN104870062A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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ES2644835T3 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
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RU2015125087A (en) | 2017-01-19 |
DE102013100216B4 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
EP2931387A1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
DE102013100216A1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
WO2014090572A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
DK2931387T3 (en) | 2017-12-11 |
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