EP2929604A1 - Co-axial commutation spark gap - Google Patents

Co-axial commutation spark gap

Info

Publication number
EP2929604A1
EP2929604A1 EP13801576.3A EP13801576A EP2929604A1 EP 2929604 A1 EP2929604 A1 EP 2929604A1 EP 13801576 A EP13801576 A EP 13801576A EP 2929604 A1 EP2929604 A1 EP 2929604A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark gap
electrode
arc
central electrode
sleeves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13801576.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2929604B1 (en
Inventor
Michael DELCHAMBRE
Salvador MONCHO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ene29 SARL
Original Assignee
Ene29 SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ene29 SARL filed Critical Ene29 SARL
Publication of EP2929604A1 publication Critical patent/EP2929604A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2929604B1 publication Critical patent/EP2929604B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching spark gap capable of transferring in a fraction of a second a current of very high intensity at very high voltage between its electrodes, and more particularly such a spark gap comprising two coaxial electrodes passing through the end-to-end spark gap.
  • the switching spark gaps are generally used in applications such as the Marx generator or other very high voltage mounting, for example in combination with capacitors for storing electrical energy, and to restore it in the form of a current of very high intensity under very high voltage.
  • document EP 1 629 577 discloses such a spark gap comprising two elongated electrodes facing each other between which an electric arc develops, the triggering of the electric arc being able to take place by exceeding a threshold of voltage between the electrodes or by applying a voltage on a trip electrode.
  • the gaps such as that mentioned above are of a complex internal organization because of the third trigger electrode. When used with a trigger by exceeding a threshold of self-priming of the spark gap, they are difficult to adjust.
  • the present invention aims to provide a switching spark gap that is simple to perform, allowing optionally an easy adjustment of the trigger voltage.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a spark gap that is simple to associate with capacitors connected in parallel.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a spark gap in which the wear of the electrodes is minimized.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a spark gap whose size is reduced for the same switching power.
  • the invention relates to a switching spark gap comprising at least a first electrode and a second electrically conductive electrode each having an arc zone placed facing the arc zone of the other electrode, the electrodes being adapted to be connected to the terminals of a source of potential, characterized in that the spark gap has a generally tubular shape, said first electrode forming a cylindrical body of the spark gap, open at both ends and said second electrode, said central electrode , cylindrical and coaxial with the first having an electrical continuity over its entire length and extending in the axis of the spark gap at least from one end to the other of the cylindrical body.
  • the spark gap is connected so that the positive pole of the voltage generator supplying the mounting is connected to the central electrode of the spark gap and reference is made to this electrode as well. than to its connected elements under the term anode or anodic.
  • the cylindrical body of the spark gap is connected to the negative pole of the voltage generator and refers to this electrode and its connected elements under the term cathode or cathode.
  • the central electrode is kept at a distance from the body of the spark gap by at least one sleeve comprising an insulator traversed by the central electrode.
  • a sleeve of outside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the body allows to center thereon an insulator made of dielectric material, itself traversed by the central electrode.
  • Other sleeves may be provided, depending on the length of the central electrode, to maintain it coaxially with the body.
  • At least one of said sleeves is movable relative to the body of the spark gap along the axis thereof.
  • the displacement of the sleeve allows, if necessary, to move the central electrode along the axis of the spark gap.
  • one of said sleeves comprises a liner electrically connected to the body of the spark gap to form the arc zone of the body.
  • the central electrode comprises a lining adapted to form the arc zone of the central electrode.
  • a copper and tungsten alloy gasket may be mounted on the center electrode, facing the gasket connected to the body, to form the arc zone of the central electrode.
  • the arc zones are coaxial surfaces of revolution between them and of axis coinciding with the axis of the spark gap.
  • an electric arc formed between the arc areas has a substantially radial direction with respect to the axis of the spark gap and the magnetic field related to the arc current drives it in a rotational movement around the axis of the spark gap, thus avoiding premature wear of a particular point of the arc zone.
  • the shape of the arc zones is adapted so that an air gap between the arc zones is variable as a function of the respective position of each mobile sleeve.
  • the air gap arranged between these edges has a minimum value when these edges are in the same transverse plane and increases when the axial distance between the plane of each edge increases.
  • the spark gap comprises two sleeves defining between them a space, called the firing space, inside which are located the arc zones of the two electrodes.
  • the central electrode and held by two ice sleeves substantially at each end of the cylindrical body.
  • the lining forming the arc zone of the central electrode is placed between the two sleeves, and one of the two sleeves carries the liner connected to the body of the spark gap, facing the lining of the central electrode.
  • the sleeves are provided with sealing means for filling the firing space with a gas under pressure.
  • sealing means for filling the firing space with a gas under pressure.
  • the central electrode is fixedly mounted relative to one of the sleeves and sliding relative to the other.
  • the two sleeves are sliding relative to the body of the spark gap.
  • One of the sleeves carries the liner in contact with the body of the spark gap and the central electrode is fixedly mounted relative to the other sleeve.
  • connection means adapted to cooperate with conjugated connection means carried by other coaxial components.
  • connection means adapted to cooperate with conjugated connection means carried by other coaxial components.
  • the invention also relates to a switching spark gap characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a spark gap according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the firing space of a spark gap according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the spark gap 1 according to the invention.
  • the spark gap 1 comprises a first electrode 2 forming a cylindrical body 3 made of conductive material.
  • the choice of material depends on the conditions of use of the spark gap 1 and can be left to the appreciation of the person skilled in the art among most metals such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel or not, possibly coated with protective layers (nickel, etc.).
  • a second electrode or central electrode 4 extends coaxially and in the center of the body 3.
  • the central electrode 4 comprises, starting from the right of FIG. 1, a connection pin 14 screwed or mounted in force to the interior of a cylindrical connecting piece inserted in an insulator 10, for example ceramic, glass, resin or any other material having suitable dielectric characteristics.
  • the insulator 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape having on its outer face a series of radial corrugations to increase the electrical path, as known in the art of insulators.
  • the insulator 10 is traversed by a rod 21 screwed on the one hand into the connection piece 20 and on the other hand into a cylindrical electrode support 22.
  • the connection piece 20 has a seal at the interface with the insulator 10 so as to provide a sealed passage therethrough.
  • the electrode support 22 carries a lining 5 of at least partly cylindrical shape of revolution.
  • the liner 5 is made of a material particularly adapted to withstand arcing, for example a copper alloy and tungsten.
  • a second conductive rod 16 passes through a second insulator 12, of a shape similar to that of the insulator 10, and connects the electrode support 22 to a contact socket 17 screwed or mounted in force in a second cylindrical connecting piece 23 inserted in leaktight manner at the end of the insulator 12.
  • the second connection piece 23 also comprises a bore inside which a connection bushing 15 is fixed.
  • the internal diameter of the connection bushing 15 is adapted to cooperate with the outer diameter of a pin connection similar to the pin 14 so as to make a connection by interlocking with a coaxial capacitor (not shown) having such a pin.
  • the rod 16 is slidably mounted inside the insulator 12 and the contact sleeve 17 so as to allow a relative longitudinal movement between the insulator 10 inside which the central electrode 4 is mounted so that fixed and insulator 12.
  • This sliding assembly also allows to decouple in rotation the two insulators.
  • the central electrode 4 thus has an electrical continuity of the connection sleeve 15 at one end of the cylindrical body 3 to the connection pin 14 at the other end.
  • the insulator 10 is fixed on a sleeve 11 which holds it in a coaxial position centered with respect to the cylindrical body 3.
  • the sleeve 11 is adapted to be movable relative to the body 3, for example by means of an external thread cooperating with a corresponding thread internal to the body 3. Seals 18 between the body 3 and the sleeve 11 and a seal 19 between the insulator 10 and the sleeve 11 allow for a sealed barrier inside the body 3.
  • the insulator 12 is mounted on a sleeve 13 adapted to be movable relative to the body 3 and to form a sealed barrier on either side of the sleeve 13.
  • the two sleeves and their respective insulators thus form between them a sealed space, called the firing space 24, inside which is located the packing 5 of the central electrode 4.
  • the sleeves 11 and 13 are preferably metallic, therefore electrically conductive, for reasons of mechanical strength but may be provided in any other material, conductive or not, having a mechanical strength appropriate.
  • the sleeve 13 further comprises a cylindrical extension parallel to the body 3 extending inside the firing space 24, towards the sleeve 11.
  • a lining 8 in a material similar to that of the lining 5, and of substantially cylindrical shape is fixed at the end of this extension of the sleeve 13.
  • This lining 8 is in electrical contact with the body 3 on the one hand through the sleeve 13 if it is metallic but also by tongues contact 9 fixed on the lining 8 and rubbing on the inside of the body 3, thus achieving a lower resistance electrical continuity and better reliability.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail view of a portion of the shooting space 24 inside which are shown the liners 5 and 8 respectively connected to the central electrode 4 and the body 3.
  • the outer surface of the liner 5 is placed facing the inner surface of the liner 8 and outside thereof.
  • the rounded portion of the outer surface of the gasket 5 located at the intersection between its orthogonal face and the axis of the spark gap and its cylindrical periphery is the portion of the central electrode 4 closest to the gasket 8 and forms thus an arc region 6 of the central electrode 4.
  • the rounded portion of the surface of the gasket 8 facing the arc zone 6 of the central electrode 4 forms the arc zone 7 of the body 3.
  • the minimum distance between arc areas 6 and 7 forms an air gap e.
  • Arc areas 6 and 7 are surfaces of revolution, coaxial with each other and axis coincident with that of the spark gap, so the air gap e is constant regardless of the radial direction considered.
  • the length of this air gap, the pressure and the nature of the gas occupying the firing space 24 determine the starting voltage of the spark gap.
  • an electric arc is formed between the arc zones and transfers an electric charge accumulated in one or more charging devices such as capacitors (not shown) connected in parallel with the spark gap.
  • the air gap e being constant whatever the radial direction, the point of initiation of the arc is random on the perimeter of the arc zones and the magnetic field generated by the electric arc force it to circulate around the axis of the spark gap. In this way, the wear of the linings is homogeneous and reduced.
  • the starting voltage of the spark gap according to the invention is advantageously adjustable by acting on the length of the gap e, for example by moving longitudinally one or the other of the two sleeves along the axis of the spark gap .
  • the two sleeves will be moved concomitantly to minimize the movement of the pin 14 and the connection socket.
  • connection of the body 3 of the spark gap with the body of charging devices coaxially mounted with the spark gap 1 can be achieved by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by flanges, bushes, etc.

Abstract

The invention relates to a commutation spark gap (1) comprising at least one first electrode and one second electrode, both electrically conducting, each comprising an arc zone placed opposite the arc zone of the other electrode, the electrodes being adapted to be linked to the terminals of a source of potential, characterized in that the spark gap (1) exhibits a general tubular shape, said first electrode (2) forming a cylindrical body (3) of the spark gap, open at its two ends, and said second electrode, termed the central electrode (4), cylindrical and co-axial with the first, extending along the axis of the spark gap at least from one end to the other of the cylindrical body (3).

Description

ECLATEUR DE COMMUTATION CO AXIAL  CO AXIAL SWITCHING ECLATOR
L'invention concerne un éclateur de commutation capable de transférer en une fraction de seconde un courant de très haute intensité sous très haute tension entre ses électrodes, et plus particulièrement un tel éclateur comportant deux électrodes coaxiales traversant l'éclateur de bout en bout.  The invention relates to a switching spark gap capable of transferring in a fraction of a second a current of very high intensity at very high voltage between its electrodes, and more particularly such a spark gap comprising two coaxial electrodes passing through the end-to-end spark gap.
Les éclateurs de commutation sont en général employés dans des applications telles que le générateur de Marx ou autre montage de très haute tension, par exemple en association avec des condensateurs permettant de stocker l'énergie électrique, et de la restituer sous la forme d'un courant de très haute intensité sous très haute tension.  The switching spark gaps are generally used in applications such as the Marx generator or other very high voltage mounting, for example in combination with capacitors for storing electrical energy, and to restore it in the form of a current of very high intensity under very high voltage.
On connaît par exemple du document EP 1 629 577 un tel éclateur comportant deux électrodes allongées en vis-à-vis entre lesquelles se développe un arc électrique, le déclenchement de l'arc électrique pouvant s'effectuer par le dépassement d'un seuil de tension entre les électrodes ou par l'application d'une tension sur une électrode de déclenchement.  For example, document EP 1 629 577 discloses such a spark gap comprising two elongated electrodes facing each other between which an electric arc develops, the triggering of the electric arc being able to take place by exceeding a threshold of voltage between the electrodes or by applying a voltage on a trip electrode.
On a cependant constaté que dans des applications telles que le générateur de Marx, de nombreux éclateurs devaient être mis en association, par exemple en montage parallèle, avec de nombreux condensateurs, et qu'il en résultait une grande complexité de câblage notamment pour reprendre l'anode de l'éclateur vers l'anode des condensateurs voisins.  However, it has been found that in applications such as the Marx generator, many spark gaps had to be brought into association, for example in parallel assembly, with numerous capacitors, and that this resulted in a great complexity of cabling, in particular in order to recover the power. anode from the spark gap to the anode of the neighboring capacitors.
Par ailleurs, les éclateurs tels que celui précité sont d'une organisation interne complexe du fait de la troisième électrode de déclenchement. Lorsqu'ils sont utilisés avec un déclenchement par dépassement d'un seuil d'auto-amorçage de l'éclateur, ils sont difficilement réglables.  Moreover, the gaps such as that mentioned above are of a complex internal organization because of the third trigger electrode. When used with a trigger by exceeding a threshold of self-priming of the spark gap, they are difficult to adjust.
La présente invention vise à fournir un éclateur de commutation qui soit simple à réaliser, permettant le cas échéant un réglage aisé de la tension de déclenchement.  The present invention aims to provide a switching spark gap that is simple to perform, allowing optionally an easy adjustment of the trigger voltage.
L'invention vise également à fournir un tel éclateur qui soit simple à associer avec des condensateurs montés en parallèle. L'invention vise en outre à fournir un tel éclateur dans lequel l'usure des électrodes est minimisée. The invention also aims to provide such a spark gap that is simple to associate with capacitors connected in parallel. The invention also aims to provide such a spark gap in which the wear of the electrodes is minimized.
L'invention vise encore à fournir un tel éclateur dont l'encombrement est réduit pour une même puissance de commutation.  The invention also aims to provide such a spark gap whose size is reduced for the same switching power.
Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un éclateur de commutation comportant au moins une première électrode et une deuxième électrode électriquement conductrices comportant chacune une zone d'arc placée en regard de la zone d'arc de l'autre électrode, les électrodes étant adaptées pour être reliées aux bornes d'une source de potentiel, caractérisé en ce que l'éclateur présente une forme générale tubulaire, ladite première électrode formant un corps cylindrique de l'éclateur, ouvert à ses deux extrémités et ladite deuxième électrode, dite électrode centrale, cylindrique et coaxiale à la première présentant une continuité électrique sur toute sa longueur et s'étendant dans l'axe de l'éclateur au moins d'une extrémité à l'autre du corps cylindrique.  To do this, the invention relates to a switching spark gap comprising at least a first electrode and a second electrically conductive electrode each having an arc zone placed facing the arc zone of the other electrode, the electrodes being adapted to be connected to the terminals of a source of potential, characterized in that the spark gap has a generally tubular shape, said first electrode forming a cylindrical body of the spark gap, open at both ends and said second electrode, said central electrode , cylindrical and coaxial with the first having an electrical continuity over its entire length and extending in the axis of the spark gap at least from one end to the other of the cylindrical body.
Grâce à cette forme cylindrique à électrode centrale, il est possible d'accéder aux deux électrodes à chaque extrémité de l'éclateur. De plus, en utilisant des condensateurs de forme analogue c'est-à-dire comportant une anode centrale et une cathode externe, il devient très facile de réaliser un montage dans lequel l'éclateur de commutation et les condensateurs sont en parallèle par simple emboîtement.  Thanks to this cylindrical central electrode shape, it is possible to access the two electrodes at each end of the spark gap. In addition, by using capacitors of analogous shape, that is to say having a central anode and an external cathode, it becomes very easy to carry out an assembly in which the switching spark gap and the capacitors are in parallel by simply interlocking. .
Dans l'ensemble de la présente description, on considère que l'éclateur est branché de telle sorte que le pôle positif du générateur de tension alimentant le montage soit connecté à l'électrode centrale de l'éclateur et on se réfère à cette électrode ainsi qu'à ses éléments connectés sous le terme d'anode ou anodique. Par opposition, le corps cylindrique de l'éclateur est connecté au pôle négatif du générateur de tension et on se réfère à cette électrode ainsi qu'à ses éléments connectés sous le terme de cathode ou cathodique. Bien entendu, ceci ne préjuge pas du branchement réel de l'éclateur, les pôles de celui-ci pouvant être inversés sans pour autant sortir de l'invention. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, l'électrode centrale est maintenue à distance du corps de l'éclateur par au moins un manchon comportant un isolateur traversé par l'électrode centrale. Ainsi, un manchon de diamètre extérieur sensiblement égal au diamètre intérieur du corps permet de centrer par rapport à celui-ci un isolateur en matériau diélectrique, lui-même traversé par l'électrode centrale. D'autres manchons peuvent être prévus, en fonction de la longueur de l'électrode centrale, pour maintenir celle-ci coaxialement au corps. Throughout the present description, it is considered that the spark gap is connected so that the positive pole of the voltage generator supplying the mounting is connected to the central electrode of the spark gap and reference is made to this electrode as well. than to its connected elements under the term anode or anodic. In contrast, the cylindrical body of the spark gap is connected to the negative pole of the voltage generator and refers to this electrode and its connected elements under the term cathode or cathode. Of course, this does not prejudge the actual connection of the spark gap, the poles thereof can be reversed without departing from the invention. Advantageously and according to the invention, the central electrode is kept at a distance from the body of the spark gap by at least one sleeve comprising an insulator traversed by the central electrode. Thus, a sleeve of outside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the body allows to center thereon an insulator made of dielectric material, itself traversed by the central electrode. Other sleeves may be provided, depending on the length of the central electrode, to maintain it coaxially with the body.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, au moins un desdits manchons est mobile par rapport au corps de l'éclateur selon l'axe de celui-ci. Le déplacement du manchon permet, le cas échéant, de déplacer l'électrode centrale selon l'axe de l'éclateur.  Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one of said sleeves is movable relative to the body of the spark gap along the axis thereof. The displacement of the sleeve allows, if necessary, to move the central electrode along the axis of the spark gap.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, un desdits manchons comporte une garniture électriquement reliée au corps de l'éclateur pour former la zone d'arc du corps. En rapportant une garniture par exemple en matériau tel qu'un alliage de cuivre et de tungstène sur un des manchons en contact électrique avec le corps de l'éclateur, on obtient une zone d'arc sur laquelle l'arc électrique peut se former en minimisant l'érosion de l'électrode.  Advantageously and according to the invention, one of said sleeves comprises a liner electrically connected to the body of the spark gap to form the arc zone of the body. By bringing a lining for example material such as a copper alloy and tungsten on one of the sleeves in electrical contact with the body of the spark gap, an arc area is obtained on which the electric arc can be formed in minimizing erosion of the electrode.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, l'électrode centrale comporte une garniture adaptée pour former la zone d'arc de l'électrode centrale. De même, une garniture en alliage de cuivre et de tungstène peut être montée sur l'électrode centrale, en regard de la garniture connectée au corps, pour former la zone d'arc de l'électrode centrale.  Advantageously and according to the invention, the central electrode comprises a lining adapted to form the arc zone of the central electrode. Similarly, a copper and tungsten alloy gasket may be mounted on the center electrode, facing the gasket connected to the body, to form the arc zone of the central electrode.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les zones d'arc sont des surfaces de révolution coaxiales entre elles et d'axe confondu avec l'axe de l'éclateur. De cette manière, un arc électrique se formant entre les zones d'arc présente une direction essentiellement radiale par rapport à l'axe de l'éclateur et le champ magnétique lié au courant d'arc entraîne celui-ci dans un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe de l'éclateur, évitant ainsi une usure prématurée d'un point particulier de la zone d'arc. Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la forme des zones d'arc est adaptée pour qu'un entrefer entre les zones d'arc soit variable en fonction de la position respective de chaque manchon mobile. En conformant les garnitures respectives de l'électrode centrale et du manchon connecté au corps de manière à ce que celles-ci présentent des formes sensiblement cylindriques coaxiales avec des arêtes arrondies en regard et écartées l'une de l'autre, l'entrefer ménagé entre ces arêtes présente une valeur minimale lorsque ces arêtes sont dans un même plan transversal et s'accroît lorsque la distance axiale entre le plan de chaque arête s 'accroît. Advantageously and according to the invention, the arc zones are coaxial surfaces of revolution between them and of axis coinciding with the axis of the spark gap. In this way, an electric arc formed between the arc areas has a substantially radial direction with respect to the axis of the spark gap and the magnetic field related to the arc current drives it in a rotational movement around the axis of the spark gap, thus avoiding premature wear of a particular point of the arc zone. Advantageously and according to the invention, the shape of the arc zones is adapted so that an air gap between the arc zones is variable as a function of the respective position of each mobile sleeve. By conforming the respective lining of the central electrode and the sleeve connected to the body so that they have substantially cylindrical coaxial shapes with rounded edges opposite and spaced apart from each other, the air gap arranged between these edges has a minimum value when these edges are in the same transverse plane and increases when the axial distance between the plane of each edge increases.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, l'éclateur comporte deux manchons définissant entre eux un espace, dit espace de tir, à l'intérieur duquel se situent les zones d'arc des deux électrodes. Dans ce mode de réalisation préférentielle, l'électrode centrale et maintenue par deux manchons glacés sensiblement à chaque extrémité du corps cylindrique. La garniture formant la zone d'arc de l'électrode centrale est placée entre les deux manchons, et l'un des deux manchons porte la garniture connectée au corps de l'éclateur, en regard de la garniture de l'électrode centrale. Ainsi tout arc électrique déclenché entre les deux zones d'arc des garnitures respectives de l'électrode centrale et du corps est confiné dans l'espace délimité par les deux manchons.  Advantageously and according to the invention, the spark gap comprises two sleeves defining between them a space, called the firing space, inside which are located the arc zones of the two electrodes. In this preferred embodiment, the central electrode and held by two ice sleeves substantially at each end of the cylindrical body. The lining forming the arc zone of the central electrode is placed between the two sleeves, and one of the two sleeves carries the liner connected to the body of the spark gap, facing the lining of the central electrode. Thus any electric arc triggered between the two arc regions of the respective pads of the central electrode and the body is confined in the space delimited by the two sleeves.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les manchons sont munis de moyens d'étanchéité permettant de remplir l'espace de tir avec un gaz sous pression. En plaçant par exemple des joints toriques entre la face externe des manchons et la face interne du cylindre du corps de l'éclateur, des douilles collées autour des tiges formant l'électrode centrale, etc. on délimite une zone étanche entre les deux manchons qu'il est possible de remplir avec un gaz inerte à forte constante diélectrique adapté pour la stabilisation d'un arc électrique comme par exemple l'hexafluorure de soufre, ou encore de l'air sec sous pression.  Advantageously and according to the invention, the sleeves are provided with sealing means for filling the firing space with a gas under pressure. By placing for example O-rings between the outer face of the sleeves and the inner face of the cylinder of the body of the spark gap, sockets glued around the rods forming the central electrode, etc. a sealed zone is delimited between the two sleeves which can be filled with an inert gas with a high dielectric constant suitable for the stabilization of an electric arc, for example sulfur hexafluoride, or dry air under pressure.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, l'électrode centrale est montée fixe par rapport à l'un des manchons et coulissante par rapport à l'autre. Pour permettre une grande plage de réglage de l'entrefer, les deux manchons sont coulissants par rapport au corps de l'éclateur. L'un des manchons porte la garniture en contact avec le corps de l'éclateur et l'électrode centrale est montée fixe par rapport à l'autre manchon. Ainsi en déplaçant chacun des deux manchons, on peut agir sur l'écartement de l'entrefer en minimisant le déplacement des extrémités de l'électrode centrale. Advantageously and according to the invention, the central electrode is fixedly mounted relative to one of the sleeves and sliding relative to the other. To allow a wide adjustment range of the gap, the two sleeves are sliding relative to the body of the spark gap. One of the sleeves carries the liner in contact with the body of the spark gap and the central electrode is fixedly mounted relative to the other sleeve. Thus by moving each of the two sleeves, one can act on the spacing of the gap by minimizing the displacement of the ends of the central electrode.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les extrémités de l'électrode centrale sont munies de moyens de connexion adaptés pour coopérer avec des moyens de connexion conjugués porté par d'autres composants coaxiaux. En prévoyant une douille à l'une des extrémités de l'électrode centrale et une broche à l'autre extrémité, il est possible de connecter par exemple un ou plusieurs condensateurs présentant une forme coaxiale analogue, de même muni d'une broche ou d'une douille en fonction des extrémités à laquelle ils doivent être connectés.  Advantageously and according to the invention, the ends of the central electrode are provided with connection means adapted to cooperate with conjugated connection means carried by other coaxial components. By providing a socket at one end of the central electrode and a pin at the other end, it is possible to connect for example one or more capacitors having a similar coaxial shape, likewise provided with a pin or a socket depending on the ends to which they must be connected.
L'invention concerne également un éclateur de commutation caractérisé en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci- dessus ou ci-après.  The invention also relates to a switching spark gap characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au vu de la description qui va suivre et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :  Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un éclateur selon l'invention, - la figure 2 représente un détail de l'espace de tir d'un éclateur selon l'invention.  - Figure 1 is a sectional view of a spark gap according to the invention, - Figure 2 shows a detail of the firing space of a spark gap according to the invention.
La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe de l'éclateur 1 selon l'invention. L'éclateur 1 comporte une première électrode 2 formant un corps 3 cylindrique en matériau conducteur. Le choix du matériau dépend des conditions d'utilisation de l'éclateur 1 et peut être laissé à l'appréciation de l'homme du métier parmi la plupart des métaux tels que le cuivre, l'aluminium, l'acier inox ou non, éventuellement revêtus de couches de protection (nickel, etc.).  Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the spark gap 1 according to the invention. The spark gap 1 comprises a first electrode 2 forming a cylindrical body 3 made of conductive material. The choice of material depends on the conditions of use of the spark gap 1 and can be left to the appreciation of the person skilled in the art among most metals such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel or not, possibly coated with protective layers (nickel, etc.).
Une deuxième électrode ou électrode centrale 4 s'étend coaxialement et au centre du corps 3. L'électrode centrale 4 comprend, en partant de la droite de la figure 1, une broche de connexion 14 vissée ou montée en force à l'intérieur d'une pièce de connexion 20 cylindrique insérée dans un isolateur 10, par exemple en céramique, en verre, en résine ou en tout autre matériau présentant des caractéristiques diélectriques adaptées. L'isolateur 10 présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique comportant sur sa face extérieure une série d'ondulations radiales permettant d'augmenter le cheminement électrique, comme connu dans la technique des isolateurs. L'isolateur 10 est traversé par une tige 21 vissée d'une part dans la pièce de connexion 20 et d'autre part dans un support d'électrode 22 cylindrique. La pièce de connexion 20 comporte un joint à l'interface avec l'isolateur 10 de manière à réaliser une traversée étanche de celui-ci. A second electrode or central electrode 4 extends coaxially and in the center of the body 3. The central electrode 4 comprises, starting from the right of FIG. 1, a connection pin 14 screwed or mounted in force to the interior of a cylindrical connecting piece inserted in an insulator 10, for example ceramic, glass, resin or any other material having suitable dielectric characteristics. The insulator 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape having on its outer face a series of radial corrugations to increase the electrical path, as known in the art of insulators. The insulator 10 is traversed by a rod 21 screwed on the one hand into the connection piece 20 and on the other hand into a cylindrical electrode support 22. The connection piece 20 has a seal at the interface with the insulator 10 so as to provide a sealed passage therethrough.
Le support d'électrode 22 porte une garniture 5 de forme au moins en partie cylindrique de révolution. La garniture 5 est réalisée dans un matériau particulièrement adapté à supporter les arcs électriques, par exemple un alliage de cuivre et de tungstène.  The electrode support 22 carries a lining 5 of at least partly cylindrical shape of revolution. The liner 5 is made of a material particularly adapted to withstand arcing, for example a copper alloy and tungsten.
Une seconde tige 16 conductrice traverse un second isolateur 12, de forme analogue à celle de l'isolateur 10, et relie le support d'électrode 22 à une douille de contact 17 vissée ou montée en force dans une seconde pièce de connexion 23 cylindrique insérée de manière étanche à l'extrémité de l'isolateur 12. La seconde pièce de connexion 23 comporte également un alésage à l'intérieur duquel est fixée une douille de connexion 15. Le diamètre intérieur de la douille de connexion 15 est adapté pour coopérer avec le diamètre extérieur d'une broche de connexion semblable à la broche 14 de manière à réaliser une connexion par emboîtement avec un condensateur coaxial (non représenté) comportant une telle broche.  A second conductive rod 16 passes through a second insulator 12, of a shape similar to that of the insulator 10, and connects the electrode support 22 to a contact socket 17 screwed or mounted in force in a second cylindrical connecting piece 23 inserted in leaktight manner at the end of the insulator 12. The second connection piece 23 also comprises a bore inside which a connection bushing 15 is fixed. The internal diameter of the connection bushing 15 is adapted to cooperate with the outer diameter of a pin connection similar to the pin 14 so as to make a connection by interlocking with a coaxial capacitor (not shown) having such a pin.
La tige 16 est montée coulissante à l'intérieur de l'isolateur 12 et de la douille de contact 17 de manière à permettre un mouvement longitudinal relatif entre l'isolateur 10 à l'intérieur de laquelle l'électrode centrale 4 est montée de manière fixe et l'isolateur 12. Ce montage coulissant permet également de découpler en rotation les deux isolateurs. L'électrode centrale 4 présente ainsi une continuité électrique de la douille de connexion 15 à l'une des extrémités du corps 3 cylindrique jusqu'à la broche de connexion 14 à l'autre extrémité. The rod 16 is slidably mounted inside the insulator 12 and the contact sleeve 17 so as to allow a relative longitudinal movement between the insulator 10 inside which the central electrode 4 is mounted so that fixed and insulator 12. This sliding assembly also allows to decouple in rotation the two insulators. The central electrode 4 thus has an electrical continuity of the connection sleeve 15 at one end of the cylindrical body 3 to the connection pin 14 at the other end.
L'isolateur 10 est fixé sur un manchon 11 qui le maintient dans une position coaxiale centrée par rapport au corps 3 cylindrique. Le manchon 11 est adapté pour être mobile par rapport au corps 3, par exemple au moyen d'un filetage externe coopérant avec un filetage correspondant interne au corps 3. Des joints d'étanchéité 18 entre le corps 3 et le manchon 11 et un joint d'étanchéité 19 entre l'isolateur 10 et le manchon 11 permettent de réaliser une barrière étanche à l'intérieur du corps 3. De façon analogue, l'isolateur 12 est monté sur un manchon 13 adapté pour être mobile par rapport au corps 3 et pour former une barrière étanche de part et d'autre du manchon 13. Les deux manchons et leurs isolateurs respectifs déterminent ainsi entre eux un espace étanche, dit espace de tir 24, à l'intérieur duquel se situe la garniture 5 de l'électrode centrale 4. Les manchons 11 et 13 sont préférentiellement métalliques, donc électriquement conducteurs, pour des raisons de tenue mécanique mais peuvent être prévus dans tout autre matériau, conducteur ou non, présentant une tenue mécanique appropriée.  The insulator 10 is fixed on a sleeve 11 which holds it in a coaxial position centered with respect to the cylindrical body 3. The sleeve 11 is adapted to be movable relative to the body 3, for example by means of an external thread cooperating with a corresponding thread internal to the body 3. Seals 18 between the body 3 and the sleeve 11 and a seal 19 between the insulator 10 and the sleeve 11 allow for a sealed barrier inside the body 3. Similarly, the insulator 12 is mounted on a sleeve 13 adapted to be movable relative to the body 3 and to form a sealed barrier on either side of the sleeve 13. The two sleeves and their respective insulators thus form between them a sealed space, called the firing space 24, inside which is located the packing 5 of the central electrode 4. The sleeves 11 and 13 are preferably metallic, therefore electrically conductive, for reasons of mechanical strength but may be provided in any other material, conductive or not, having a mechanical strength appropriate.
Le manchon 13 comporte en outre une extension cylindrique parallèle au corps 3 s'étendant à l'intérieur de l'espace de tir 24, en direction du manchon 11. Une garniture 8, dans un matériau analogue à celui de la garniture 5, et de forme sensiblement cylindrique est fixée à l'extrémité de cette extension du manchon 13. Cette garniture 8 est en contact électrique avec le corps 3 d'une part par l'intermédiaire du manchon 13 si celui-ci est métallique mais également par des languettes de contact 9 fixées sur la garniture 8 et frottant sur l'intérieur du corps 3, réalisant ainsi une continuité électrique de résistance plus faible et de meilleure fiabilité.  The sleeve 13 further comprises a cylindrical extension parallel to the body 3 extending inside the firing space 24, towards the sleeve 11. A lining 8, in a material similar to that of the lining 5, and of substantially cylindrical shape is fixed at the end of this extension of the sleeve 13. This lining 8 is in electrical contact with the body 3 on the one hand through the sleeve 13 if it is metallic but also by tongues contact 9 fixed on the lining 8 and rubbing on the inside of the body 3, thus achieving a lower resistance electrical continuity and better reliability.
On se réfère à la figure 2 qui représente une vue de détail d'une portion de l'espace de tir 24 à l'intérieur de laquelle sont figurées les garnitures 5 et 8 reliées respectivement à l'électrode centrale 4 et au corps 3. La surface extérieure de la garniture 5 est placée en regard de la surface intérieure de la garniture 8 et à l'extérieur de celle-ci. La portion arrondie de la surface extérieure de la garniture 5 située à l'intersection entre sa face orthogonale à l'axe de l'éclateur et sa périphérie cylindrique est la partie de l'électrode centrale 4 la plus proche de la garniture 8 et forme ainsi une zone d'arc 6 de l'électrode centrale 4. De même, la partie arrondie de la surface de la garniture 8 en regard de la zone d'arc 6 de l'électrode centrale 4 forme la zone d'arc 7 du corps 3. La distance minimale entre les zones d'arc 6 et 7 forme un entrefer e. Les zones d'arc 6 et 7 sont des surfaces de révolution, coaxiales entre elles et d'axe confondu avec celui de l'éclateur, donc l'entrefer e est constant quelle que soit la direction radiale considérée. Referring to Figure 2 which shows a detail view of a portion of the shooting space 24 inside which are shown the liners 5 and 8 respectively connected to the central electrode 4 and the body 3. The outer surface of the liner 5 is placed facing the inner surface of the liner 8 and outside thereof. The rounded portion of the outer surface of the gasket 5 located at the intersection between its orthogonal face and the axis of the spark gap and its cylindrical periphery is the portion of the central electrode 4 closest to the gasket 8 and forms thus an arc region 6 of the central electrode 4. Likewise, the rounded portion of the surface of the gasket 8 facing the arc zone 6 of the central electrode 4 forms the arc zone 7 of the body 3. The minimum distance between arc areas 6 and 7 forms an air gap e. Arc areas 6 and 7 are surfaces of revolution, coaxial with each other and axis coincident with that of the spark gap, so the air gap e is constant regardless of the radial direction considered.
La longueur de cet entrefer, la pression et la nature du gaz occupant l'espace de tir 24 déterminent la tension d'amorçage de l'éclateur. Lorsque la tension aux bornes de l'éclateur, c'est-à-dire entre le corps 3 et l'électrode centrale 4 excède cette tension d'amorçage, un arc électrique se forme entre les zones d'arc et transfère une charge électrique accumulée dans un ou plusieurs dispositifs de charge tels que des condensateurs (non représentés) montés en parallèle avec l'éclateur. De manière connue en elle-même, l'entrefer e étant constant quelle que soit la direction radiale, le point d'amorçage de l'arc est aléatoire sur le périmètre des zones d'arc et le champ magnétique généré par l'arc électrique force celui-ci à circuler autour de l'axe de l'éclateur. De cette façon, l'usure des garnitures est homogène et réduite.  The length of this air gap, the pressure and the nature of the gas occupying the firing space 24 determine the starting voltage of the spark gap. When the voltage across the spark gap, that is to say between the body 3 and the central electrode 4 exceeds this ignition voltage, an electric arc is formed between the arc zones and transfers an electric charge accumulated in one or more charging devices such as capacitors (not shown) connected in parallel with the spark gap. In a manner known per se, the air gap e being constant whatever the radial direction, the point of initiation of the arc is random on the perimeter of the arc zones and the magnetic field generated by the electric arc force it to circulate around the axis of the spark gap. In this way, the wear of the linings is homogeneous and reduced.
La tension d'amorçage de l'éclateur selon l'invention est avantageusement réglable en agissant sur la longueur de l'entrefer e, par exemple en déplaçant longitudinalement l'un ou l'autre des deux manchons selon l'axe de l'éclateur. De préférence, les deux manchons seront déplacés concomitamment pour minimiser le déplacement de la broche 14 et de la douille 15 de connexion.  The starting voltage of the spark gap according to the invention is advantageously adjustable by acting on the length of the gap e, for example by moving longitudinally one or the other of the two sleeves along the axis of the spark gap . Preferably, the two sleeves will be moved concomitantly to minimize the movement of the pin 14 and the connection socket.
La connexion du corps 3 de l'éclateur avec le corps de dispositifs de charge montés coaxialement avec l'éclateur 1 peut être réalisée par tout moyen connu de l'homme du métier, par exemple par des brides, des douilles, etc. The connection of the body 3 of the spark gap with the body of charging devices coaxially mounted with the spark gap 1 can be achieved by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by flanges, bushes, etc.
Bien entendu, cette description est donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif uniquement et l'homme du métier pourra y apporter de nombreuses modifications sans sortir de la portée de l'invention, comme par exemple munir le corps 3 d'une valve de pressurisation de l'espace de tir ou encore ménager un canal de pressurisation à l'intérieur de l'électrode centrale.  Of course, this description is given by way of illustrative example only and the person skilled in the art may make numerous modifications without departing from the scope of the invention, such as for example providing the body 3 with a pressurizing valve of the shooting space or to provide a pressurization channel inside the central electrode.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ - Éclateur (1) de commutation comportant au moins une première électrode et une deuxième électrode électriquement conductrices comportant chacune une zone d'arc placée en regard de la zone d'arc de l'autre électrode, les électrodes étant adaptées pour être reliées aux bornes d'une source de potentiel, caractérisé en ce que l'éclateur (1) présente une forme générale tubulaire, ladite première électrode (2) formant un corps (3) cylindrique de l'éclateur, ouvert à ses deux extrémités et ladite deuxième électrode, dite électrode centrale (4), cylindrique et coaxiale à la première présentant une continuité électrique sur toute sa longueur et s'étendant dans l'axe de l'éclateur au moins d'une extrémité à l'autre du corps (3) cylindrique.  1 / - Switching eclator (1) comprising at least a first electrode and a second electrically conductive electrode each comprising an arc zone placed facing the arc zone of the other electrode, the electrodes being adapted to be connected at the terminals of a source of potential, characterized in that the spark gap (1) has a generally tubular shape, said first electrode (2) forming a cylindrical body (3) of the spark gap, open at both ends and said second electrode, said central electrode (4), cylindrical and coaxial with the first having an electrical continuity over its entire length and extending in the axis of the spark gap at least from one end to the other of the body (3 ) cylindrical.
21 - Éclateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode centrale (4) est maintenue à distance du corps (3) de l'éclateur par au moins un manchon (10, 13) comportant un isolateur (11, 12) traversé par l'électrode centrale.  21 - An eclator according to claim 1, characterized in that the central electrode (4) is kept at a distance from the body (3) of the spark gap by at least one sleeve (10, 13) comprising an insulator (11, 12) crossed by the central electrode.
3/ - Éclateur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un desdits manchons (10, 13) est mobile par rapport au corps (3) de l'éclateur selon l'axe de celui-ci.  3 / - eclator according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of said sleeves (10, 13) is movable relative to the body (3) of the spark gap along the axis thereof.
4/ - Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un desdits manchons (13) comporte une garniture (8) électriquement reliée au corps (3) de l'éclateur pour former la zone d'arc (7) du corps.  4 / - spark plug according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that one of said sleeves (13) comprises a gasket (8) electrically connected to the body (3) of the spark gap to form the arc zone ( 7) of the body.
5/ - Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode centrale (4) comporte une garniture (5) adaptée pour former la zone d'arc (6) de l'électrode centrale.  5 / - spark gap according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the central electrode (4) comprises a gasket (5) adapted to form the arc region (6) of the central electrode.
6/ - Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les zones d'arc (6,7) sont des surfaces de révolution coaxiales entre elles et d'axe confondu avec l'axe de l'éclateur.  6 / - spark gap according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the arc areas (6,7) are coaxial surfaces of revolution between them and axis coincides with the axis of the spark gap.
Il - Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la forme des zones d'arc (6,7) est adaptée pour qu'un entrefer (e) entre les zones d'arc (6,7) soit variable en fonction de la position respective de chaque manchon (10, 13) mobile. II - Spark plug according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the shape of the arc zones (6, 7) is adapted so that an air gap (e) between the arc areas (6,7) is variable depending on the respective position of each sleeve (10, 13) mobile.
8/ - Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux manchons (10, 13) définissant entre eux un espace, dit espace de tir (24), à l'intérieur duquel se situent les zones d'arc (6, 7) des deux électrodes (2, 4).  8 / - eclamp according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that it comprises two sleeves (10, 13) defining between them a space, said shooting area (24), inside which are located arc regions (6, 7) of the two electrodes (2, 4).
91 - Éclateur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les manchons (10, 13) sont munis de moyens d'étanchéité (18, 19) permettant de remplir l'espace de tir (24) avec un gaz sous pression.  91 - Burner according to claim 8, characterized in that the sleeves (10, 13) are provided with sealing means (18, 19) for filling the firing space (24) with a gas under pressure.
10/ - Éclateur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode centrale (4) est montée fixe par rapport à l'un des manchons (10) et coulissante par rapport à l'autre.  10 / - eclator according to claim 8, characterized in that the central electrode (4) is fixedly mounted relative to one of the sleeves (10) and sliding relative to each other.
11/ - Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités de l'électrode centrale (4) sont munies de moyens de connexion (14, 15) adaptés pour coopérer avec des moyens de connexion conjugués portés par d'autres composants coaxiaux.  11 / - spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the ends of the central electrode (4) are provided with connection means (14, 15) adapted to cooperate with conjugated connection means carried by other coaxial components.
EP13801576.3A 2012-12-07 2013-12-05 Co-axial commutation spark gap Active EP2929604B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1261756A FR2999350B1 (en) 2012-12-07 2012-12-07 COAXIAL SWITCHING ECLATOR
PCT/EP2013/075701 WO2014086939A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2013-12-05 Co-axial commutation spark gap

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EP2929604A1 true EP2929604A1 (en) 2015-10-14
EP2929604B1 EP2929604B1 (en) 2017-02-01

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EP (1) EP2929604B1 (en)
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FR3015548B1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-01-08 Ene29 S Ar L WELL STIMULATION TOOL COMPRISING CAPACITIVE ELEMENTS ELECTRICALLY IN PARALLEL
FR3053171B1 (en) 2016-06-28 2018-07-06 Ene29 S.Ar.L. POWER AMPLIFICATION DEVICE

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US2817036A (en) * 1956-04-26 1957-12-17 Richard B Neal Spark gap switch
US3087091A (en) * 1958-05-01 1963-04-23 High Voltage Engineering Corp Spark gap switch
CH642606A5 (en) 1980-01-14 1984-04-30 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie OZONIZER.
DE10151565B4 (en) * 2001-10-23 2004-09-30 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg microwave generator
FR2855662B1 (en) 2003-06-02 2005-07-15 I T H P P ECLATOR, AND IN PARTICULAR A HIGH-VOLTAGE ECLATOR
DE102005013925B4 (en) * 2005-03-26 2010-12-30 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg microwave generator
DE102005034295B4 (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-04-12 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Microwave generator with variable frequency radiation
DE102006030514B4 (en) * 2006-07-01 2008-04-10 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg microwave generator

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WO2014086939A1 (en) 2014-06-12
CA2894010A1 (en) 2014-06-12
EP2929604B1 (en) 2017-02-01
FR2999350B1 (en) 2015-01-02
US20150349497A1 (en) 2015-12-03
FR2999350A1 (en) 2014-06-13
CA2894010C (en) 2021-01-19

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