EP2929144B1 - Streuungsdetektion in einem bohrloch aufgrund optischer spektren - Google Patents

Streuungsdetektion in einem bohrloch aufgrund optischer spektren Download PDF

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EP2929144B1
EP2929144B1 EP13860663.7A EP13860663A EP2929144B1 EP 2929144 B1 EP2929144 B1 EP 2929144B1 EP 13860663 A EP13860663 A EP 13860663A EP 2929144 B1 EP2929144 B1 EP 2929144B1
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Prior art keywords
wavelength
scattering
formation fluid
optical density
downhole
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French (fr)
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EP2929144A4 (de
EP2929144A1 (de
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Kai Hsu
Kentaro Indo
Julian Pop
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Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
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Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/087—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters
    • E21B49/088—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters combined with sampling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/087—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters
    • E21B49/0875—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters determining specific fluid parameters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/081—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells with down-hole means for trapping a fluid sample
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/10—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells using side-wall fluid samplers or testers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/534—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals

Definitions

  • These fluid analyzers each provide ten channels that correspond to different wavelengths of light for a measured spectrum ranging from visible to near infrared wavelengths.
  • the output of each channel represents an optical density (i.e., the logarithm of the ratio of incident light intensity to transmitted light intensity), where an optical density (OD) of zero (0) corresponds to 100% light transmission, and an OD of one (1) corresponds to 10% light transmission.
  • the combined OD output of the channels provides spectral information that can be used in determining the composition and various other parameters of formation fluids.
  • the present invention resides in a method as defined in claim 1 and in a method as defined in claim 2.
  • detector 4 depicts only one detector 415, other configurations within the scope of the present disclosure may comprise more than one detector 415, such as where multiple detectors 415 are disposed adjacent or proximate one another along the flowline 405.
  • the detector(s) 415 senses light that has transmitted through the formation fluid 430 in the flowline 405, resulting in optical spectra that may be utilized according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
  • one or more controller(s) 420 associated with the downhole fluid analyzer 400 and/or the downhole tool may utilize measured optical spectra to determine or estimate scattering intensity within the formation fluid 430 in the flowline 405 according to one or more aspects of DFA introduced herein.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 depict another set of multi-channel spectrometer data in an "oil" station and the processing results based on a method within the scope of the present disclosure. Based on the results shown therein, the scattering events were detected sparsely over the entire interval. The data also depicts the results for when the sample bottle was opened at about 3200 seconds.
  • the method 700 incorporates the option to determine scattering intensity either by determining the variance of the scattering coefficients, as in the step 525 of the method 500, or by determining the semblance of the corrected and uncorrected spectral data, as in the step 635 of the method 600. If, during a particular iteration of the method 700, the scattering coefficient variance exceeds a predetermined threshold or otherwise indicates an undesirable intensity of scattering within the fluid in the flowline of the downhole sampling tool, then an operating parameter of the downhole sampling tool may be adjusted during the step 550, perhaps in proportion to or otherwise based on the magnitude or other extent by which the predetermined threshold is exceeded.
  • the wavelength-dependent and wavelength-independent scattering coefficients are related to the size of scattering objects. Therefore, at least according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, the coefficients may be also or alternatively be used to identify the size of the scattering objects flowing within the flowline.
  • the system 1000 comprises a processor 1012 such as, for example, a general-purpose programmable processor.
  • the processor 1012 includes a local memory 1014, and executes coded instructions 1032 present in the local memory 1014 and/or in another memory device.
  • the processor 1012 may execute, among other things, machine readable instructions to implement the processes represented in FIGS. 11-14 .
  • the processor 1012 may be, comprise or be implemented by any type of processing unit, such as one or more INTEL microprocessors, one or more microcontrollers from the ARM and/or PICO families of microcontrollers, one or more embedded soft/hard processors in one or more FPGAs, etc. Of course, other processors from other families are also appropriate.
  • the determining means may comprise means for determining a variance of the wavelength-independent scattering coefficient and the wavelength-dependent scattering coefficient in real-time.
  • the determining means may comprise means for detecting at least one of: the variance of the wavelength-independent scattering coefficient exceeding a first predetermined threshold; and the variance of the wavelength-dependent scattering coefficient exceeding a second predetermined threshold.
  • the determining means may comprise means for determining in real-time a semblance of the first and second optical spectral data before and after correcting the first and second optical spectral data based on the determined wavelength-independent scattering coefficient and the determined wavelength-dependent scattering coefficient.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Verfahren, das umfasst:
    Ermitteln, in situ, zu einem ersten Zeitpunkt t, erster spektraler optischer Dichtedaten ODλ (t) bei mehreren Wellenlängen λ, die einem durch eine Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung (400) strömenden Formationsfluid (430) zugeordnet sind;
    Ermitteln, in situ, zu einem zweiten Zeitpunkt t+1 nach dem ersten Zeitpunkt, zweiter spektraler optischer Dichtedaten ODλ (t + 1) bei den mehreren Wellenlängen λ, die dem durch die Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung strömenden Formationsfluid (430) zugeordnet sind;
    Fitten der Differenz zwischen den ersten und zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten bei den mehreren Wellenlängen λ gemäß dem Verhältnis a(t) + b(t)λ α(t), um einen ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameter a(t) und einen zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameter b(t) zu schätzen, wobei a(t) die Differenz eines wellenlängenunabhängigen Streukoeffizienten (a) zum ersten Zeitpunkt t und zum zweiten Zeitpunkt t+1 ist, b(t) die Differenz eines wellenlängenabhängigen Streukoeffizienten b zum ersten Zeitpunkt t und zum zweiten Zeitpunkt t+1 ist, und a (t) der dem Typ der Streuung entsprechende Exponent ist;
    Ermitteln der Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t) und des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t) zum ersten und zweiten Zeitpunkt t und t+1;
    Identifizieren des Beginns und des Vorhandenseins von Streuung basierend auf den ermittelten Varianzen des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t) und des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t).
  2. Verfahren, das umfasst:
    Ermitteln, in situ, zu einem ersten Zeitpunkt t, erster spektraler optischer Dichtedaten ODλ (t) bei mehreren Wellenlängen λ, die einem durch eine Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung strömenden Formationsfluid zugeordnet sind;
    Ermitteln, in situ, zu einem zweiten Zeitpunkt t+1 nach dem ersten Zeitpunkt, zweiter spektraler optischer Dichtedaten ODλ (t + 1) bei den mehreren Wellenlängen λ, die dem durch die Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung (400) strömenden Formationsfluid zugeordnet sind;
    Fitten der Differenz zwischen den ersten und zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten bei den mehreren Wellenlängen λ gemäß dem Verhältnis a(t) + b(t)λ α(t), um einen ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameter a(t) und einen zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameter b(t) zu schätzen, wobei a(t) die Differenz eines wellenlängenunabhängigen Streukoeffizienten (a) zum ersten Zeitpunkt t und zum zweiten Zeitpunkt t+1 ist, b(t) die Differenz eines wellenlängenabhängigen Streukoeffizienten b zum ersten Zeitpunkt t und zum zweiten Zeitpunkt t+1 ist, und a (t) der dem Typ der Streuung entsprechende Exponent ist;
    Berichtigen der ersten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten ODλ (t) bei den mehreren Wellenlängen λ basierend auf den geschätzten ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen und zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparametern a(t), b(t);
    Ermitteln der Ähnlichkeit ρ(t) der ersten und zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten bei den mehreren Wellenlängen ODλ (t) und ODλ (t + 1) und der Ähnlichkeit ρ(t) der berichtigten ersten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten und der zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten bei den mehreren Wellenlängen,
    wobei die Ähnlichkeit definiert ist als: ρ t = ∑ λ OD λ t + 1 + OD λ t 2 2 ∑ λ OD λ t + 1 2 + OD λ t 2 ;
    Figure imgb0007
    Identifizieren des Beginns und Vorhandenseins von Streuung basierend auf den ermittelten Ähnlichkeiten.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner umfassend ein Einstellen eines der Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung zugeordneten Betriebsparameters basierend auf wenigstens einem aus der Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t), der Varianz des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t) und der ermittelten Ähnlichkeiten ρ(t).
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Betriebsparameter ein Betriebsparameter einer Pumpe der Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Einstellen des Betriebsparameters der Pumpe ein Verringern eines Durchsatzes der Pumpe basierend auf wenigstens einem aus der Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t), der Varianz des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t) und der ermittelten Ähnlichkeiten ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein unerwünschtes Niveau an Streuung angezeigt wird, falls die Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t) einen ersten vorbestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet oder falls die Varianz des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t) einen zweiten vorbestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei ein unerwünschtes Niveau an Streuung angezeigt wird, falls die ermittelte Ähnlichkeit ρ(t) der ersten und zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten ODλ (t) und ODλ (t + 1) und die ermittelte Ähnlichkeit ρ(t) der berichtigten ersten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten und der zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert überschreiten.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die ersten und zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten wenigstens teilweise über einen mehrkanaligen optischen Sensor (415) der Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung (400) gewonnen werden, und wobei der mehrkanalige optische Sensor (415) der Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung (400) wenigstens ein Spektrometer umfasst.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung ein erstes Spektrometer und ein zweites Spektrometer umfasst, wobei das Ermitteln der ersten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten das erste Spektrometer nutzt und wobei das Ermitteln der zweiten spektralen optischen Dichtedaten das zweite Spektrometer nutzt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend ein Bewerten der Qualität wenigstens eines Antwortprodukts basierend auf wenigstens einer aus der ermittelten Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t) und der Varianz des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t).
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei das Bewerten der Qualität wenigstens eines Antwortprodukts ein Schätzen eines Gas-zu-Öl-Verhältnisses GOR des durch die Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung strömenden Formationsfluids basierend auf wenigstens einer aus der ermittelten Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t) und der Varianz des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t) umfasst.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend ein Identifizieren der Größe von innerhalb der Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung (400) strömenden Streuobjekte basierend auf wenigstens einer aus der Varianz des ersten wellenlängenunabhängigen Streuparameters a(t) und der Varianz des zweiten wellenlängenabhängigen Streuparameters b(t).
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend ein Befördern der Bohrloch-Formationsfluidprobenahmevorrichtung innerhalb eines sich in die Formation erstreckenden Bohrlochs (212), wobei das Befördern über wenigstens eines aus einem Drahtseil (222) und einem Rohrstrang erfolgt.
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US13/693,782 US9169727B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2012-12-04 Scattering detection from downhole optical spectra
PCT/US2013/068372 WO2014088743A1 (en) 2012-12-04 2013-11-05 Scattering detection from downhole optical spectra

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BR112015013155A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
US9169727B2 (en) 2015-10-27
WO2014088743A1 (en) 2014-06-12
US10358918B2 (en) 2019-07-23
EP2929144A4 (de) 2016-08-10
US20160032721A1 (en) 2016-02-04
AU2013356580B2 (en) 2017-10-19
EP2929144A1 (de) 2015-10-14
US20140150545A1 (en) 2014-06-05

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