EP2926417A1

EP2926417A1 - Plug, socket and connection apparatus

Info

Publication number: EP2926417A1
Application number: EP14775475.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Cameron Stuart Tait
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-03-28
Filing date: 2014-03-24
Publication date: 2015-10-07
Also published as: WO2014153596A1; EP2926417A4

Abstract

The invention concerns a plug (1), socket (30) and connection apparatus for making an electrical connection. In one aspect, the invention concerns a plug (1) for holding a wire (20) and for being received within a socket (30) having a conductor (37) and sealant (39) for making a waterproof electrical connection. The plug (1) comprises: a plug body (2) and a passage (7) extending axially within the plug body (2) for receiving a wire (20), wherein the plug body (2) is configurable in a first wire-receiving configuration so that a wire can be placed within the passage (7) and a second clamping configuration so that the plug body (2) can clamp to and retain the wire (20) within the passage (7) when received within the socket (30).

Description

PLUG, SOCKET AND CONNECTION APPARATUS

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001 ] The present invention generally relates, inter alia, to a plug, a socket and to a connection apparatus. In a preferred embodiment, the connection apparatus can be used to make a waterproof electrical connection between a wire clamped by the plug and a conductor of the socket.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] It will be clearly understood that, if a prior art publication is referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the art in Australia or in any other country.

[0003] Electrical connectors for connecting one conductor to another are known. One such connector is described in the present applicant's earlier patent, US 7,211 ,725. However, a problem with that connector is that there are some applications where it is difficult to insert the conductors into the patented connector, particularly when flexible cables are to be inserted to make the electrical connection. It can also be difficult to insert: the cable in cramped situations or locations having access limited by configuration of the location, presence and/or orientation of other equipment and such like, or where the size of the cable is too small to afford sufficient pushing force into the connector.

[0004] Most commercially available electrical connectors are not suited to making electrical connections in moist or wet environments. In marine applications, in particular, direct contact of an electrical connection with, or even immersion in, water can occur, requiring the electrical conductors to be adequately insulated. Even if the electrical connection is kept away from direct contact with water, a hygroscopic plaque can build up on the surface, the plaque often being highly conductive due to its electrolyte content, it is therefore necessary to ensure electrical conductors are kept insulated electrically and separated physically from the environment whilst at the same time making a reliable electrical connection to an appliance or another conductor.

[0005] Although the connector of US 7,21 1 ,725 provides a satisfactory solution to the problems associated with electrical connections in moist environments in many situations, it still suffers from the problem described above. [0006] Another problem with the connector of US 7,211 ,725 is that, because it is generally used to connect two wires together, it cannot be used to capture and incorporate an end of a wire into a type of plug that can then be plugged into a socket of an electrical appliance so as to make an electrical connection.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0007 J It is an ob ject of the invention to provide a plug, socket or connection apparatus that minimises or overcomes a problem addressed above. An alternative object is to provide the public with a useful or commercial choice.

10008 J In a first aspect, the invention concerns: a plug for holding a wire and for being received within a socket (or a plug adapted to hold a wire and to be received within a socket), said plug comprising: a plug body and a passage extending axially within the plug body for receiving a wire, wherein the plug body is configurable in a first wire-receiving configuration so that a wire can be placed within the passage and a second clamping configuration so that the plug body can clamp to and retain the wire within the passage.

10009] In a second aspect, the invention concerns a plug for holding a wire (or a plug adapted to hold a wire), said plug comprising: a plug body comprising: an inside face and an outside face; a passage extending axially within the plug body for receiving a wire; and at least one gripping formation extending inwardly from the inside face for gripping a wire when located within the passage, wherein the plug body is configurable in a first wire-receiving configuration so that a wire can be placed within the passage and a second clamping configuration so that the plug body can clamp to and retain the wire within the passage when the plug has been received within a socket.

[0010] In a third aspect, the invention concerns a plug assembly comprising the plug as defined according to the first aspect or second aspect and a wire.

[0011 ] In a fourth aspect, the invention concerns a socket for receiving the plug as defined according to the first aspect or second aspect, or the plug assembly according to the third aspect.

[0012] In a fifth aspect, the invention concerns a connection apparatus comprising: the plug as defined according to the first aspect or second, aspect, or the plug assembly as defined according to the third aspect; and/or the socket as defined according to the fourth aspect. [0013] In a sixth aspect, the invention concerns a method of forming a connection and optionally an electrical connection comprising the steps of: locating a wire within a plug as defined according to the first or second aspect; and receiving the plug within a socket according to the fourth aspect that optionally comprises an electrical conductor.

[0014] Any suitable type of wire can be held by the plug. The wire can be rigid or flexible. The wire can comprise rigid or malleable conducting filaments or strands and optionally an insulating exterior coating or sheath made of plastics material or rubber, for example. The wire can be in the form of a cable having interwoven conducting strands and a sheathed/coated exterior. The wire can be in the form of a coaxial cable having conducting filaments concentrically spaced and insulated from one another.

[0015] The plug body can be of any suitable size, shape and construction and can be made of any suitable material or materials. In a preferred embodiment the plug body is made of a non-conductive material or materials, such as plastics material, ceramics material, carbon fibre or rubber.

|00161 hi an embodiment, the plug body can be of unitary construction and can be manipulated to adopt the second clamping configuration. This may be possible, for example, by way of two plug body portions being hinged together and moveable together via a live hinge into the second clamping configuration. The hinge can hinge the plug body portions such that the plug body portions pivot along an axis parallel with the passage or transversely of the passage. Alternatively, this may be possible, for example, by way of three, four or possibly more plug body portions being hinged together and moveable together into the second clamping configuration. The hinge or hinges can hinge the plug body portions such that the plug body portions pivot along an axis parallel to the passage or transversely of the passage.

[0017] Preferably, the plug body comprises two substantially identical body portions hinged together at an end of the plug body, preferably the socket receiving end of the plug body, using at least one hinge, which hinge could be in the form of one or more fold lines. The substantially identical body portions can be like a sleeve or tube split, into longitudinal halves and hinged at the socket receiving end, or a sleeve or tube substantially sealed or semi-sealed at one end (end wall of the plug body) and split into longitudinal halves and hinged at the one end.

[0018] hi another embodiment, the plug body can comprise two or more separate plug body pieces that can be connected together to adopt the second clamping configuration. For example, the plug body can comprise two substantially identical body pieces that can be connected together and possibly held together using male and female locking formations. For example, the plug body can comprise three or more body pieces that can be connected together and possibly held together using male and female locking formations.

[0019] The plug body can be in the form of a sleeve or tube extending around the wire when in the second clamping configuration and the sleeve or tube can be of any suitable cross- section. For example, the sleeve or tube can be of circular cross-section or of substantially circular cross-section when in the second clamping configuration. Alternatively, the sleeve or tube can be of triangular, rectangular or other geometrical cross-section when in the second clamping configuration. The inside and outside faces of the plug body can be of similar or differing cross-sections.

Γ00201 The passage extending axially within the plug body for receiving a wire can extend completely through a central region of the plug body or partway along the plug body. Preferably, the passage extends centrally along a longitudinal axis of the plug body, completely through the plug body, including the end wall of the plug body. Alternatively, one end of the passage, such as at the socket receiving end, could be blind or substantially blind, so as to completely or almost completely insulate an end of the wire - depending on the intended use (ie. non-electrical connection).

[0021] The passage can snugly receive the wire. The diameter or the passage and inside face of the plug body can vary depending on the gauge of the wire.

[0022] The at least one gripping formation can be of any suitable size, shape and construclion. The at least one gripping formation can comprise one or more gripping teeth extending along the inside face of the plug body. Preferably the at least one gripping formation comprises one or more gripping teeth that are pointed in a direction that prevents or minimises the risk of the wire being pulled out of the passage in an axial direction. The wire can be snugly or tightly received by the gripping formation.

[0023] Preferably the gripping teeth extend around the inside face and are spaced along the longitudinal axis. Preferably the teeth are pointed either perpendicularly towards the central longitudinal axis or toward the socket receiving end.

[0024] The tooth or teeth of the at least one gripping formation may or may not deflect when gripping or biting into the wire. That is, the tooth or teeth may be flexible or rigid in differing circumstances depending on the nature of the wire - for example, whether insulated or not, and whether flexible or malleable or not. The gripping teeth can preferably grip or bite into the wire, particularly the exterior insulating coat or sheath of the wire.

[0025] In an embodiment, the at least one gripping formation can be provided as a plurality of axially spaced circumferentially running ridges having a parallelogram shaped cross-section circumferentially, the parallelogram leaning towards an end of the plug body, preferably the socket receiving end of the plug body.

[0026] In another embodiment, the at least one gripping formation can be provided as a plurality of axially spaced circumferentially running ridges having a pointed end or edge leaning towards an end of the plug body, preferably the socket receiving end of the plug body.

[0027] The plug can comprise at least one sealing formation extending around the inside face of the plug body, to seal against fluid (such as air or sealant as described later) from flowing between an outer periphery of the wire and the inside face. The at least one sealing formation can comprise at least one circumferentially extending ridge or tooth, preferably having a square, rectangular, triangular, rounded, tapered, wedge-shaped or pointed circumferential cross section. An inner face of each ridge/tooth or point of contact with the wire can be rounded, pointed or flat, for example. The wire can be snugly or tightly received by the sealing formation. Preferably the tooth or teeth grip or bite into the wire, particularly the exterior insulating coat or sheath of the wire.

[0028] In one embodiment the at least one sealing formation can be spaced from the at least one gripping formation, away from the socket recei ving end of the plug body.

[0029] In an alternative embodiment, the at least one gripping formation can also serve as the at least one sealing formation.

[0030] The socket can provide an electrical connection with another wire or other type of conductor, or simply help isolate an end of the wire from electrical contact or the elements, such as rain or moisture. Alternatively, the socket could be used as a means of labelling/identifying the wire/nature of the wire/intended purpose for the wire, in addition to making an electrical connection or not.

[0031] In an embodiment, the socket can contain a conductor and can convert the plug assembly into a type of plug that can then be plugged into an electrical appliance, equipment or device. An electrical appliance, equipment or device (as used throughout this specification) includes, but is not limited to, anything of an electrical or electronic nature, or anything used in the transfer or transmission of data. That is, the electrical connection can be made for data transmission purposes. An electrical appliance, equipment or device (as used throughout this specification) also includes, but is not limited to, a major appliance, microcontroller, power tool or small appliance, or a component part of an electrical distribution system such as an electric switchboard, distribution board, circuit breaker or disconnect, electricity meter or transformer.

[0032] Therefore, the method according to the sixth aspect can comprise the step of using the socket containing the plug assembly (the connection apparatus) as a plug/connector to be received within a socket of an electrical appliance, equipment or device.

Γ0033] In another embodiment, the socket can be in the form of an opening in a circuit board or other type of electrical appliance, equipment or device for receiving the plug or plug assembly, for either isolating the wire or making an electrical connection with one or more other wires or other types of conductors. Put another way, a main body of the socket and electrical conductor etc may be provided by the electrical appliance, equipment or device itself.

Γ0034] Therefore, the socket can be of any suitable size, shape and construction and can be made of any suitable material or materials. For example, in an embodiment, the socket is merely an opening in an electrical appliance, equipment or device. For example, in another embodiment, the socket is in the form of a sleeve comprising a main body and a central opening for receiving the plug/plug assembly, for either isolating the wire or making an electrical connection with one or more other wires or conductors. The central opening can be blind or not.

[0035] The socket main body and end wall can be of unitary construction or comprise multiple coimectable pieces. The socket main wall and end wall can be made of any suitable non-conductive material or materials such as plastics material, rubber, carbon fibre, insulated metal or ceramics material. The socket main wall and end wall can preferably be made of plastics material, and may have a Shore D hardness of approximately 85+ or 100-120R Rockwell.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment the socket can comprise an opening extending axially within a main body for receiving the socket receiving end of the plug body. The main body can have an outer face and an inner face that extends around the opening. The socket can comprise an end wall that borders a blind end of the opening. The main body can be in the form of a sleeve or tube having a sealed/blind end. The sleeve or tube can be of any suitable cross section, but preferably is of circular cross-section or of substantially circular cross-section. Alternatively, the main body (sleeve or tube) can be of triangular, rectangular or other geometrical cross-section. The inner and outer faces can be of similar or different cross- sections. Preferably, the main body is shaped to snugly receive the plug body. That is, preferably the outer surface of the plug body is snugly received by the inner face/opening of the socket main body.

[0037] The plug can be adapted to be received within the socket in any suitable way. That is, the connection apparatus can comprise at least one male and female formation or at least one engagement formation enabling the plug body to be received within an opening in the socket and to be held or locked in place within the socket opening.

[0038] For example, the outside face of the plug body can have male or female formations that engage male or female formations of the inner face (or which are located at the inner face) of the socket main body. For example, the at least one engagement formation can comprise the outside face of the plug body having engagement formations for engagement with complementary engagement formations of the inner face (or which are located at the inner face) of the socket main body.

[0039] In one embodiment, the outside face of the plug body can have teeth that engage teeth located at the main body inner face. For example, the teeth can be in the form of a pawl and ratchet arrangement whereby the teeth of the pawl engage the ratchet teeth as the plug body is inserted into the socket opening. The pawl can be hinged to the main body of the socket and the teeth of the pawl can extend adjacent the inner face of the main body.

[0040] In one embodiment, the at least one engagement formation comprises a plurality of circuniferentially extending grooves or slots in regular spaced relationship axially along the outside face of the plug body. Preferably, the grooves have a saw-tooth configuration and extend circumferentially such that the engagement formations and complementary engagement formations of the socket main body engage and lock together.

[0041 ] The at least one gripping formation is preferably provided at the socket receiving end and the at least one engagement and at least one sealing formations are preferably provided at the other opposed end of the plug body. [0042] The hinged end of the plug body can be selected as the end which is insertable into the socket, or the other end may be so selected, the at least one gripping, sealing and engagement formations being provided on the appropriate end to accommodate the selection of the insertable end.

[0043] The connection apparatus can comprise a guide for aligning the plug body with the socket main body and guiding it axially within the opening in the socket. The guide can be of any suitable form.

[0044] The guide can be in the form of the plug and socket having a keyway and key arrangement for aligning the plug body with the socket main body and guiding it axially within the opemng in the socket. The guide can incorporate some of the at least one engagement formation or male and female formations as described above, but this need not be the case.

[0045] The plug body can have an enlarged end that abuts an end of the socket main body when the plug has been inserted into the opening of the socket. The enlarged end can be in the form of a circumferentially extending flange, for example.

[0046] In an embodiment the socket can comprise an opening extending axially within a main body for receiving the socket receiving end of the plug body. The main body can have an outer face and an inner face that borders the opening. The socket can have an end wall that borders a blind end of the opening. The socket can comprise an electrical conductor located adjacent the end wall of the socket at the blind end of the opening, for contacting the wire located within the plug. That is, as the plug body is inserted into the opening in the socket, a conducting filament of the wire within the plug makes an electrical connection with the conductor. In one embodiment, the conductor is flat or raised and adjacent the end wall of the socket. In another embodiment, the conductor is in the form of a penetrator - spike or pin, for example - for penetrating the wire when the wire of the plug is inserted into the opening in the socket. Preferably the penetrator is capable of penetrating the external insulating coating of the wire in the event that the filament is not exposed.

[0047] The conductor, such as the penetrator, can extend through the end wall of the socket to an exterior of the socket end wall to provide another electrical point of contact. If the conductor extends to an exterior of the end wall as a pin or other point of electrical contact then the socket/connection apparatus can function as an electrical plug that can be plugged into an electrical appliance, equipment or device. That is, the plug captures an end of the wire to form a plug assembly, the plug assembly is received by the socket to make an electrical connection within the socket, and the socket itself serves as a plug that can be plugged into an electrical appliance, equipment or device so as to make another electrical contact by virtue of the exposed conductor (pin or other point of electrical contact) with the electrical appliance, equipment or device. That is, the plug and socket can serve as an adapter plug for the wire.

[0048] In another embodiment, if the wire comprises multiple spaced and insulated filaments such as in a coaxial cable, for example, the socket can comprise more than one appropri tely positioned penetrator or other conductor to make more than one electrical connection with the spaced filaments of the wire.

[0049] If a non-electrical connection is required (eg. when merely isolating the end of the wire), the socket can be devoid of any electrical conductor adjacent the end wall of the socket.

[0050] The connection apparatus can be used to make a connection to another wire or wires, or to an electrical appliance, equipment or device in a waterproof or fluid-tight manner in a moist or wet environment. In this embodiment, the socket can comprise a sealant or sealants located within the socket, and the plug body can comprise at least one vent for venting air and for receiving some of the sealant/s when the socket receiving end of the plug body is brought into contact with the sealant/s and displaces the sealant/s. In this way, the point of electrical contact can be rendered fluid-tight, especially watertight. Preferably the sealant/s is located at or within the blind end of the opening adjacent the socket end wall.

[0051 ] Any suitable type of sealant/s can be used. The sealant/s may set, for example, when exposed to air, moisture, light or heal, or when different sealant components mix with one another. Suitable sealants include non-conductive sealants that coat an end of the wire and stick to the plug body and socket main body, although binding with the bodies may not be essential. Suitable sealants include those that have adhesive properties. Preferably the sealant s is free flowing and hardens when exposed to air or when two sealant components are mixed together.

[0052] The term 'sealant' as defined herein is preferably insoluble, non-conducting, corrosion resistant and adhesive. It is preferably a liquid, although it need not be free-flowing. The term includes all types of sealants usually used for electrical work, including adhesives, cements, pastes and other settable materials. Examples include silicone-based sealants, drying adhesives (eg. solvent based adhesives and polymer dispersion adhesives), contact adhesives (eg. natural rubber and polychloroprene), one-part adhesives (eg. cyanoacrylates and urethanes) and multi-part adhesives (polyester resin - polyurethane resin, polyols - polyurethane resin, and acrylic polymers - polyurethane resins).

[0053] The socket can include at least one rupturable isolated chamber/cavity or at least one rupturable membrane, seal or bladder for compartmentalising the sealant from exposure to air or moisture or light, for example. Upon rupture and exposure to air, moisture or light, the sealant can cure/harden.

[0054] The socket can include one or more isolated chambers, rupturable membranes, seals or bladders for compartmentalising two sealant components from one another, for example. Upon rupture, the sealant components can mix, chemically react, and cure/harden. In one embodiment, one or more chambers, membranes, seals or bladders containing sealant/s (settable materials) can be disposed about the at least one conductive pcnetrator or other conductor within the blind end of the opening adjacent the end wall of the socket. The penetrator can be located externally of the chamber, membrane, seal or bladder, or a wire penetrating end of the penetrator can be located within the chamber, membrane, seal or bladder.

|00551 The rupturable membrane or bladder can be annular (in the shape of a donut) and can be placed in the blind end of the opening such that the conductor/penetrator extends through a central opening in the chamber, membrane, seal or bladder.

[0056] The at least one vent can comprise a gap or channel extending between the outside face of the plug body and main body (inner face) of the socket, linking the blind end of the opening/sealant to the atmosphere. Gaps or channels can extend along opposed longitudinal sides of the outside face to the blind end of the opening/sealant.

[00571 The connection apparatus can comprise at least one piercer for piercing a wall of the isolated chamber, membrane, seal or bladder containing the sealant/settable material. Either the plug or the socket can comprise the piercer. The piercer can be of any suitable size, shape and construction. The plug or socket can have more than one piercer.

[0058] For example, the hinge or hinges of the plug body having a pointed edge (fold line) extending toward the blind end of the opening in the socket can function as a piercer or piercers. Such a piercer (or piercers) can be received within a recess or groove extending within the end wall of the socket.

[0059] For example, one or more piercers can extend from the socket receiving end of the plug" body. Such piercers can be received within a recess or groove extending within the end wall of the socket. The recess or groove can be circular or annular.

[0060] For example, one or more piercers can extend alongside or within the isolated chamber or rupturable membrane/bladder etc or sealed sealant/settable material. Such piercers can be received within a recess or groove extending within the socket receiving end of the plug body. The recess or groove can be annular.

[0061 ] It is possible that the penetrator, if fully located within the isolated chamber, membrane, seal or bladder, can both rupture and penetrate the wire as the socket receiving end is forced against the isolated chamber wall, membrane, seal or bladder.

[0062] Preferably, the plug is of unitary construction and is made of plastics material, and may have a Shore D hardness of approximately 85+ or 100- I20R Rockwell.

[0063] In an embodiment the conductor of the socket can make electrical contact with any suitable number of conductors (wires or other types of conductors). Any suitable number includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, about 15, about 20, about 25, about 30, about 35, about 40, about 45, about 50, about 55, about 60, about 65, about 70, about 75, about 80, about 85, about 90, about 95, about 100 (and any number in between 10-100) and more than 100.

[0064] In an embodiment, the socket can have diametrically opposed blind openings separated by a common end wall (median wall), adjacent to which can be at least one conductor and/or sealant (contained within a rupturable membrane, bladder or chamber or contained by a seal, or not). Such an embodiment could receive a respective plug/plug assembly within each opening to electrically connect two wires together, preferably in a waterproof manner. That is, the socket can be in the form of a dual socket for connecting two wires together, said dual socket comprising essentially two said sockets connected at their said end walls, and the penetrator of both sockets is connected together.

[0065] In another embodiment, the socket can have more than two, three, four or five blind openings for receiving more than two, three, four or five plugs/plug assemblies.

[0066] In another embodiment, the socket can have any suitable number of blind openings for receiving any suitable number of plugs/plug assemblies. For example, the one socket can be electrically connected to I . 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, about 15, about 20, about 25, about 30, about 35, about 40, about 45, about 50, about 55, about 60, about 65, about 70, aboul 75, about 80, about 85, about 90, about 95, about 100 (and any number in between 10-100) and more than 100. Preferably, the sockets are connected by their end walls or by way of an additional connector region, branched body or webbing, and the conductors/penetrators of the sockets are connected together.

[0067] In an embodiment, the socket can be in the form of a socket assembly for connecting two or more wires or other types of conductors together, said socket assembly comprising two or more said sockets electrically connected together.

[0068] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dual socket assembly for connecting two wires or other types of conductors together, said dual socket assembly comprising two said sockets as defined according to the fourth aspect of the invention electrically connected together and capable of receiving two plugs or plug assemblies as defined according to the first, second or third aspects of the invention.

[0069] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a socket assembly for connecting a plurality of wires or other types of conductors together, said socket assembly comprising a plurality of sockets as defined according to the fourth aspect of the invention electrically connected together and capable of receiving a plurality of plugs or plug assemblies as defined according to the first, second or third aspects of the invention.

[0070] In a ninth aspect the present invention resides broadly in a waterproof connection apparatus including a plug assembly (described elsewhere in this specification as a plug) engageable with a socket assembly (described elsewhere in this specification as a socket), the plug assembly including: a sleeve body (described elsewhere in this specification as a plug body) being provided in two or more parts engageable with one another to form a wall surrounding a passage passing through the sleeve body, the wall having an inside face and an outside face; one or more gripping formations extending inwardly from the inside face of the wall for gripping a cable or the insulation thereof (described elsewhere in this specification as a wire) when introduced into the passage; and engagement formations about the outside face of the wall for engagement with complementary engagement formations of the socket assembly, the socket assembly including; a main body; a socket (described elsewhere in this specification as an opening) formed into the main body to receive the plug assembly and having a conductive spike (described elsewhere in this specification as a penetrator) arranged at a disposition within the socket for electrical contact with the cable of the plug assembly and a rupturable membrane disposed about the spike to provide an annular cavity within the membrane, the annular cavity having therein a liquid material (described elsewhere in this specification as a sealant) settable upon rupturing of the membrane, the parts being so arranged to provide a gap (described elsewhere in this specification as a vent) between the plug assembly and at least some of the socket to receive the settable liquid upon rupturing of the membrane.

[0071] In a tenth aspect, the present invention resides broadly in a plug assembly (described elsewhere in this specification as a plug) for securing conductors to an electrical connector comprising: a sleeve body (described elsewhere in this specification as a plug body) being provided in two or more parts engageable with one another to form a wall surrounding a passage passing through the sleeve body, the wall having an inside face and an outside face; one or more gripping formations extending inwardly from the inside face of the wall for gripping a cable or the insulation thereof (described elsewhere in this specification as a wire) when introduced into the passage; and engagement formations about the outside face of the wall for engagement with complementary engagement formations of a socket assembly (described elsewhere in this specification as a socket) as hereinbefore described.

[0072] In an eleventh aspect, the present invention resides broadly in a socket assembly (described elsewhere in this specification as a socket) comprising: a main body; a socket (described elsewhere in this specification as an opening) formed into the main body to receive a plug assembly (described elsewhere in this specilication as a plug) as hereinbefore described and having a conductive spike (described elsewhere in this specification as a penetrator) arranged at a disposition within the socket for electrical contact with the cable (described elsewhere in this specification as a wire) of the plug assembly and a rupturable membrane disposed about the spike to provide an annular cavity within the membrane, the annular cavity having therein a liquid material settable (described elsewhere in this specification as a sealant) upon rupturing of the membrane, the parts being so arranged to provide a gap (described elsewhere in this specification as a vent) between the plug assembly and at least some of the socket to receive the settable liquid upon rapturing of the membrane.

[0073] In a twelfth aspect, the present invention resides broadly in a rupturable membrane having an annular cavity formed for placement in a socket about a spike (described elsewhere in this specification as a conductive penetrator) to form the socket assembly (described elsewhere in this specification as a socket) as hereinbefore described. [0074] In a thirteenth aspect, the present invention resides broadly in an apparatus for conductively connecting one or more cables to one another in a waterproof manner, the apparatus comprising: a non-conductive connector housing having an open end, an opposing end and a passage extending through the housing from the open end to the opposing end; a conductive spike disposed within the housing extending into the passage intermediate the open and the opposing ends; a membrane disposed within the passage about the conductive spike and defining an annular chamber between the pin and the housing; and a liquid sealant substantially filling said annular chamber.

[0075] Preferably, the sleeve body is provided in two parts connected to one another by a hinge connection at one end to provide a hinged end and an open end. Each part is substantially identical, being substantially semicircular in cross-section so that, when the hinge is closed along with the gap between the parts, the passage penetrates the entire length of the sleeve body.

[0076] Preferably, the sleeve body is formed from rigid plastics material of a kind which permits a live hinge comprising the plastics material to be provided for the hinge connection between the two parts.

[0077] Preferably, sealing formations are provided about the inner face of the passage spaced from the other end of the sleeve body from which the gripping formations are provided.

[0078] Preferably, the sealing formations are provided in the form of a plurality of circumferentially running ridges or teeth preferably having a square, rectangular, wedge- shaped, tapered, triangular or pointed circumferential cross section. An inner face of each ridge/tooth or point of contact with the wire can be rounded, pointed or flat, for example. The wire can be snugly or tightly received by the sealing formation. Preferably the ridges or teeth grip or bite into the wire, particularly the exterior insulating coat or sheath of the wire.

[0079] The gripping formations are provided on the end of the sleeve body which is insertable into the socket and the engagement and sealing formations are provided on the other end.

[0080] The hinged end may be selected as the end which is insertable into the socket, or the other end may be so selected, the gripping, sealing and engagement formations being provided on the appropriate end to accommodate the selection of the insertable end. [0081] Preferably, the conductive spike is supported by a median wall substantially closing the passage intermediate the ends of the connector housing. Preferably, cable guides are included at the open end of the connector housing extending radially inward to engage a plug assembly as hereinbefore described having the wire passing through the passage of the sleeve to form the plug assembly, or a cable introduced directly into the non-conductive connector housing. In one form, the cable guides include a plurality of inwardly directed barbs. Preferably, the cable guides constitute a plurality of complementary engagement formations each in the form of a pawl member, the saw-tooth profile of the engagement formations of the plug assembly constituting a ratchet by which the plug assembly once inserted into the socket assembly is substantially non-removable by virtue of the ratchet and pawl action of the engagement and complementary engagement formations respectively.

[0082] Preferably, the liquid sealant is air-activated. Insertion of a wire or a sleeve-encased wire into the open end of the connector housing and into contact with the pin punctures provides electrical connection. The wire or sleeve encased wire may be further inserted with force sufficient to rupture the membrane causing at least some of the liquid sealant to exit from the annular chamber around the wire and pin and set to form a non-conductive plug.

[0083] The connector of United States patent No. 7,211,725 may be considered as a socket for the plug of the present invention. The sealant may be activated by a catalyst, setting compound or other substance if desired.

[0084] This aspect of the invention has particular application to making electrical connections in respect of conductors, such as electrical wires, to appliances in a waterproof manner in a moist or wet environment. However, this aspect of the invention lias application to making electrical connections in environments which do not require water proofing. This aspect of the invention may also have application to making connections using the electrical connector described in United States patent No. 7,21 1,725 and improvements to that connector, hereinafter referred to as the patented connector. However, it: will be appreciated that this aspect of the invention is not limited to connection of conductors to or using the patented connector.

[0085] Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the paragraphs below.

[0086] 1. A plug adapted to hold a wire and to be received within a socket, said plug comprising a plug body and a passage extending axially within the plug body for receiving a wire, wherein the plug body is configurable in a first wire-receiving configuration so that a wire can be placed within the passage and a second clamping configuration so that the plug body can clamp to and retain the wire within the passage.

|00871 2. The plug of paragraph 1, wherein the plug body clamps to and retains the wire within the passage when a socket receiving end of the plug body has been received within a socket.

[0088] 3. The plug of paragraph 2, wherein the passage extends centrally along a longitudinal axis of the plug body completely through the plug body (including a socket receiving end of the plug body).

[0089] 4. The plug of paragraph 2 or paragraph 3, wherein the plug body comprises an inside face and an outside face, and the plug further comprises at least one gripping formation extending inwardly from the inside face for gripping the wire when located within the passage.

[0090] 5. The plug of paragraph 4, wherein the at least one gripping formation comprises one or more gripping teeth extending along the inside face of the plug body that are pointed in a direction that prevents or minimises the risk of the wire being pulled out of the passage in an axial direction.

[0091] 6. The plug of paragraph 5, wherein the gripping teeth grip or bite into an exterior insulating coat or sheath of the wire.

[0092] 7. The plug of any one of paragraphs 4 to 6 further comprising at least one sealing formation extending around the inside face of the plug body, to seal against fluid from flowing between an outer periphery of the wire and the inside face.

[0093] 8. The plug of paragraph 7, wherein the at least one sealing formation comprises at least one circumferentially extending ridge or tooth that engages the wire.

[0094] 9. The plug of paragraph 7 or paragraph 8, wherein the at least one sealing formation is spaced from the at least one gripping formation, away from the socket receiving end of the plug body.

[0095] 10. The plug of any one of paragraphs 2 to 9, wherein the plug body comprises two plug body portions that are hinged together and are moveable together via a hinge into the second clamping configuration.

[0096] 11. The plug of paragraph 10, wherein the plug body comprises two substantially identical body portions hinged together at an end of the plug body using at least one hinge.

[0097] 12. The plug of paragraph 1 1, wherein the substantially identical body portions resemble a sleeve or tube split into longitudinal halves and hinged at an end of the sleeve or tube.

[0098 J 13. The plug of any one of paragraphs 1 to 12, wherein the plug is of unitary construction, preferably being made of plastics material.

[0099] 14. A connection apparatus comprising the plug of any one of paragraphs 1 to 13 and a socket for receiving the plug.

[00100] 15. The connection apparatus of paragraph 14, wherein the socket is an opening in an electrical appliance, equipment or device.

100101 ] 16. The connection apparatus of paragraph 14, wherein the socket comprises an opening extending axially within a main body for receiving the plug.

[00102] 17. The connection apparatus of paragraph 16, wherein the main body comprises an outer face, an inner face that extends around the opening and an end wall that borders a blind end of the opening.

[00103] 18. The connection apparatus of paragraph 17, wherein the main body is in the form of a sleeve or tube having a sealed or blind end.

[00104] 19. The connection apparatus of paragraph 17 or paragraph 18, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one engagement formation enabling the plug body to be received within the opening in the socket and to be held or locked in place within the opening.

[00105] 20. The connection apparatus of paragraph 19 when dependent on any one of paragraphs 4 to 9, wherein the at least one engagement formation comprises the outside face of the plug body comprising teeth that engage further teeth of the at least one engagement formation located at the main body inner face.

[00106] 21. The connection apparatus of paragraph 19 or paragraph 20, wherein the teeth of the at least one engagement formation are in the form of a pawl and ratchet arrangement whereby the teeth of the pawl engage the ratchet teeth as the plug body is inserted into the socket opening.

[00107] 22. The connection apparatus of paragraph 19 when dependent on any one of paragraphs 4 to 9, vvherein the at least one engagement formation comprises the outside face of the plug body comprising a plurality of circumferentially extending formations in regular spaced relationship axially along the outside face of the plug body that engage complementary formations of the at least one engagement formation located at the main body inner face. 100108] 23. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 16 to 22 further comprising a guide for aligning the plug body with the socket main body and guiding it axially within the opening in the socket.

[00109] 24. The connection apparatus of paragraph 23, wherein the guide is in the form of the plug and socket having a keyway and key arrangement for aligning the plug body with the socket main body and guiding it axially within the opening in the socket.

[001 10] 25. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 17 to 22, wherein the socket comprises an electrical conductor located adjacent the end wall of the socket at the blind end of the opening, for contacting the wire located within the plug.

[00111] 26. The connection apparatus of paragraph 25, wherein the conductor is in the form of a penetrator for penetrating the wire when the wire of the plug is inserted into the opening in the socket.

[00112] 27. The connection apparatus of paragraph 26, wherein the conductor or penetrator extends through the end wall of the socket to an exterior of the socket end wall to provide another electrical point of contact.

[001 13] 28. The connection apparatus of paragraph 27, wherei n the socket of the connection apparatus functions as an electrical plug that can be plugged into an electrical appliance, equipment or device.

[001 14] 29. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 26 to 28, wherein the socket comprises a sealant located at the blind end of the opening, and the plug body comprises at least one vent for venting air and for receiving at least some of the sealant when the socket receiving end of the plug body is brought into contact with the sealant and di places the sealant.

[001 15] 30. The connection apparatus of paragraph 29, wherein the sealant sets when exposed to air and renders a connection between the wire and conductor waterproof.

[001 16] 31. The connection apparatus of paragraph 29 or paragraph 30, wherein the socket comprises at least one rupturable membrane or bladder that contains the sealant.

100117] 32. The connection apparatus of paragraph 31 , wherein the at least one rupturable membrane or bladder is disposed about the penetrator within the blind end of the opening.

[001 18] 33. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraph 29 to 32, wherein the at least one vent comprises a channel extending between the outside face of the plug body and main body of the socket, linking the blind end of the opening to the atmosphere.

[00119] 34. The connection apparatus of paragraph 33, wherein two said channels extend along opposed longitudinal sides of the outside face to the blind end of the opening.

[00120] 35. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 31 to 34 further comprising at least one piercer for piercing a wall of the rupturable membrane or bladder containing the sealant.

[00121 ] 36. The connection apparatus of claim 35, wherein the at least one piercer extends from the socket receiving end of the plug. [00122] 37. The connection apparatus of paragraph 35, wherein the at least one piercer extends from the end wall of the main body.

[00123] 38. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 25 to 37, wherein the socket is in the form of a dual socket for connecting two wires together, said dual socket comprising essentially two said sockets connected at their said end walls, and the conductor of both sockets is connected together.

[00124] 39. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 25 to 37, wherein the socket is in the form of a socket assembly for connecting many wires together, said socket assembly comprising a plurality of said sockets electrically connected together.

[00125] 40. The connection apparatus of any one of paragraphs 14 to 39, wherein said connection apparatus provides a lluid-tight connection.

[00126] 41 . A method of forming an electrical connection comprising the steps of: locating a wire within a plug as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 13; and receiving the plug within a socket comprising an electrical conductor.

[00127] 42. A socket as described in any one of paragraphs 14 to 37 and 40, or a dual socket as described in paragraph 38, or a socket assembly as described in paragraph 39.

[00128] 43. A dual socket assembly for connecting two wires or other types of conductors together, said dual socket assembly comprising two sockets as described in any one of paragraphs 14 to 38 electrically connected together and capable of receiving two plugs as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 13.

[00129] 44. A socket assembly for connecting a plurality of wires or other types of conductors together, said socket assembly comprising a plurality of sockets as described in any one of paragraphs 14 to 37 or 39 electrically connected together and capable of receiving a plurality of plugs as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 13.

[00130] Any of the features described herein or as defined in the paragraphs above can be combined in any combination with any one or more of the other features described herein within the scope of the invention.

[00131] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of figures as follows: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[00132] Various embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the following figures, in which:

[00133] Figure 1 is an exploded isometric view of a wire and a plug in a wire-receiving configuration, according to an embodiment of the invention;

[00134] Figure 2 is a top view of the plug shown in figure 1;

[001 5] Figure 3 is a front view of the plug shown in figure 1 ;

[00136] Figure 4 is a section view of the plug shown in figure 2, taken through plane D-D;

[00137] Figure 5 is an isometric view of the plug shown in figure 1 , but shown in a different configuration;

[0013S] Figure 6 is another isometric view of the plug shown in figure 5; [00139] Figure 7 is a top view of the plug shown in figure 5; [00140] Figure 8 is a front view of the plug shown in figure 5:

[00141] Figure 9 is an exploded isometric view of the wire and plug shown in figure 1 and a socket, together forming an electrical connection apparatus, according to an embodiment of the invention;

[00142] Figure 10 is a top view of that shown in figure 9;

[00143] Figure 1 1 is a section view of that shown in figure 10, taken through plane A-A;

[00144] Figure 12 is an isometric view of the plug shown in figure I but shown in a wire- clamping configuration, whereby the wire of figure I is clamped by the plug to form a plug assembly;

[00145] Figure 13 is a top view of that shown in figure 12; [00146] Figure 14 is a front view of that shown in figure 12; [00147] Figure 15 is a right view of that shown in figure 12; [00148] Figure 16 is a left view of that shown in figure 12;

[00149] Figure 17 is a section view of that shown in figure. 13, taken through plane E-E; [00150] Figure 18 is a top view of the socket shown in figure 9; [00151 j Figure 19 is a front view of the socket shown in figure 18;

[00152] Figure 20 is a section view of the socket shown in figure 1 8, taken through plane F- F;

[00153] Figure 21 is a top view of the plug assembly of figure 12 received within the socket of figure 18 to form a connection apparatus;

[00154] Figure 22 is a left view of that shown in figure 21 ;

[00155] Figure 23 is a front view of that shown in figure 21 ;

[00156] Figure 24 is a right view of that shown in figure 21 ;

[00157] Figure 25 is a section view of that shown in figure 21, taken through plane B-B:

[00158] Figure 26 is a detail view showing part of the connection apparatus of figure 25;

[00159] Figure 27 is a top view of a dual socket, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[00160] Figure 28 is a front view of the socket shown in figure 27;

[00161] Figure 29 is a section view of the socket shown in figure 27, taken through plane G- G;

[00162] Figure 30 is an exploded isometric view of a dual socket assembly receiving two plug assemblies as shown in figure 12, to form a connection apparatus;

[00163] Figure 3 1 is an isometric view of that shown in figure 30 except a first plug assembly has been fully received within a first socket and a second plug assembly is in the process of being received within a second socket, to form a connection apparatus; [00164] Figure 32 is a front view of that shown in figure 31; [00165] Figure 33 is a top view ol^" that shown in figure 31;

[00166] Figure 34 is a section view of that shown in figure 32, taken through plane J-J;

[00167] Figure 35 is a top view of that shown in figure 1 except that both plug assemblies have been fully received within the sockets;

[00168] Figure 36 is a front view of that shown in figure 35;

100169] Figure 37 is a section view of that shown in figure 35, taken through plane H-H;

[00170] Figure 38 is an isometric view of a socket that is part of an electrical appliance, equipment or device, according to another embodiment of the invention;

[00171] Figure 39 is a top view of that shown in figure 38;

[00172] Figure 40 is a side view of that shown in figure 38;

[00173] Figure 41 is a section view of that shown in figure 39, taken through plane K-K;

[00174] Figure 42 is a longitudinal section view of another embodiment of a plug which differs slightly from the plug shown in figure 17, according to another embodiment of the invention;

[00175] Figure 43 is an isometric view of a connection apparatus like that shown in figure 25, except that the plug and socket differ slightly from those shown in figure 25, according to another embodiment of Ihe invention;

[00176] Figure 44 is a top view of the plug and socket shown in figure 43, except that the plug assembly has been received within the socket to form a connection apparatus, according to an embodiment of the invention;

[00177] Figure 45 is a section view of that shown in figure 44, taken through plane L-L;

[00178] Figure 46 is an isometric view of a plug and socket which differ slightly from those shown in figure 45, according to another embodiment of the invention;

[00179] Figure 47 is an end view of that shown in figure 46; [00180] Figure 48 is a section view of that shown in figure 47, taken through plane N-N;

[00181] Figure 49 is an isometric view of a plug and socket which differ slightly from those shown in figure 45, according to another embodiment of the invention;

[0 1 2] Figure 50 is an end view of that shown in figure 49;

[00183] Figure 51 is a section view of that shown in figure 50, taken through plane P-P;

[00184] Figure 52 is a detailed plan view of a socket assembly comprising a plurality of sockets like that shown in figures 20 and 25 (but only shown in part), all being electrically connected together, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[00185] Figure 53 is a detailed plan view of a socket assembly comprising a plurality of sockets like that shown in figures 20 and 25 (but shown in part), all being electrically connected together, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[00186] In the figures like reference numerals refer to like features.

[00187] The figures show different types of connection apparatuses generally comprising different types of plugs and sockets, wherein each plug can clamp a wire and be retained within a general socket, of sorts.

[00188] Referring first to figures 1-17, there is shown a plug 1 for clamping a wire 20, that together with the wire 20 form a plug assembly 23 as seen in figures 13 to 17, according to an embodiment of the invention. The wire 20 in this example has a conductive filament interior 21 and an insulating sheathed exterior 22, as besl seen in figures 1 and 17.

[00189] As seen in figures 1, 5 and 12, the plug 1 includes a plug body 2 having an inside face 3, an outside face 4, a socket receiving end 5 (plug end wall 5) and an enlarged head (flange) 6 at an opposing end. The plug 1 includes a passage 7 extending axially through the plug body 2, including the plug end wall 5, for snugly receiving a wire 20, a gripping formation 8 extending inwardly from the inside face 3 for gripping the wire 20 when located within the passage 7, a sealing formation 9 extending around the inside face 3 of the plug body 2 to seal against fluid (such as air or sealant as described later) from flowing between an outer periphery of the wire 20 and the inside face 3, a vent 10 (for air or sealant as described later), and two piercers 11.

[00190] The passage 7 extends centrally along a longitudinal axis of the plug body 2, completely through the plug body 2, including the plug end wall/socket receiving end 5.

[00191 ] Alternatively, an end of the passage 7 at the socket receiving end 5 could be blind or substantially blind, so as to completely or substantially isolate and insulate an end of the wire 20 for a non-electrical connection with the socket. If blind, the socket can simply help isolate an end of the wire from electrical contact or the elements, such as rain or moisture. Alternatively, the socket could be used as a means of labelling/identifying the wire/nature of the wire/intended purpose for the wire.

[00192] The diameter of the passage 7 will vary in accordance with the gauge of the wire, such that the fit is snug.

[00193] The gripping formation 8 has tapered teeth (barbs) extending as circumferential pointed ridges around the inside face 3, and spaced apart from one another along the inside face 3 relative to the longitudinal axis (not all of the teeth 8 have been labelled). Sharp edges of the teeth 8 are pointed towards the socket receiving end 5 so as to prevent or minirnise the risk of the wire 20 being pulled out of the passage 7 in an axial direction.

[00194] Figures 42 and 43, in another embodiment, show that the pointed edges of the teeth 8a (all of which have been labelled in figure 42) can extend perpendicularly towards the central longitudinal axis, rather than towards the socket receiving end 5.

[00195] The teeth 8, 8a may or may not deflect when gripping or biting the wire 20. That is, the teeth 8, 8a may be flexible or rigid in differing circumstances depending on the nature of the wire - for example, whether insulated or not, and whether flexible or malleable or not. The teeth 8, 8a as illustrated can grip or bite into the exterior insulating coat or sheath of the wire 20.

[00196] Referring chiefly now to figures 1 to 17, the sealing formation 9 has ridges extending as circumferential pointed ridges/teeth 9 around the inside face 3, and spaced apart from one another along the inside face 3 relative to the longitudinal axis (not all of the sealing formation ridges/teeth 9 have been labelled). The pointed ridges/teeth 9 contact an outer periphery of the wire 20.

[00197] The two piercers 11 are spikes that extend from the socket receiving end 5 (plug end wall 5) of the plug body 2.

[00198] The vent 10 is in the form of two V-shaped channels 10 thai extend longitudinally along the outside face 4 of the plug body 2, at opposing sides of the plug body 2. Each channel 10 extends from the socket receiving end 5 to the enlarged head 6.

[00199] As seen in figures 1-4, the plug body 2 comprises two substantially identical body halves 2 that are hinged together at the socket receiving end 5 by way of two live hinges/fold lines 13. Figures 1 -11 show that the plug body 2 is configurable in a first wire-receiving configuration so that a wire 20 can be snugly seated within part of the passage 7 so that an end of the wire 20 sits flush with the plug end wall 5, and figures 12-17 show that the plug body 2 is configurable in a second clamping configuration so that the plug body 2 can clamp to and retain the wire 20 within the passage 7 after the plug 1 has been received within a socket 30 (see figures 21 -25). The plug body 2 is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve/tube extending around the wire 20 when in the second clamping configuration. Clamping of the wire 20 is most clearly shown in figures 12-17. Although the plug 2 can be manufactured in a form as shown in figure 1 and then manipulated into the form shown in figures 5 to 8 and then manipulated further to clamp a wire 20 as shown in figure 12, it is to be understood that the plug 2 may be manufactured in a different form from that shown in figure 1.

[00200] The plug 1 as illustrated is of unitary construction and is made of moulded plastics material having a Shore D hardness of approximately 85+, or 100- 120R Rockwell.

[00201] Referring now to figures 18-26, there is shown in a socket 30 for receiving the plug assembly 23, according to embodiment of the present invention. The socket 30 includes an opening 31 extending axially within a main body 32 for receiving the socket receiving end 5 of the plug body 2. The main body 32 is in the form of a sleeve and has an outer face 33 and an inner face 34 that extends around the opening 31. The socket 30 has an end wall 35 that borders a blind end 36 of the opening 3 1.

[00202] The socket main body 32 and end wall 35 can be made of any suitable non- conductive material or materials such as plastics material, rubber, carbon fibre, insulated metal or ceramics material. The socket main wall and end wall are preferably made of plastics material, and may have a Shore D hardness of approximately 85+ or 100-120R Rockwell.

[00203] The socket 30 as illustrated in figures 1 1 and 18-25 is for making a waterproof electrical connection. To that end, the socket 30 includes a conductive penetrator 37 (conductor) in the form of a conductive spike 37 and a rupturable membrane/bladder 38 containing a sealant 39 within the blind end 36 of the opening 31.

100204] The conductive spike 37 has a sharpened end 40 (see figure 40) extending within the opening 31 that is capable of penetrating the conductive filament 21 of the wire 20 (and outer insulating coating/sheath 22, if required). Another end of the conductive spike 37 extends through the end wall 35 in a sealed manner and has an enlarged head (electrical contact point) 41 that protrudes slightly from the end wall 35 (see figures 20 and 25).

[00205] The rupturable membrane/bladder 38 containing the sealant 39 extends as an annulus about the conductive spike 37. In this embodiment the sealant 39 is a liquid chemical which, when exposed to air or alternatively moisture, cures/hardens. Tn use, as the plug body 2 is insetted into the socket opening 31, the two piercers 11 rupture the membrane 38, thereby releasing the liquid sealant 39 from the membrane/bladder 38. As the socket receiving end 5 of the plug 1 is moved toward the end wall 35, the conductive spike 37 penetrates the wire 20 and the sealant 39 and air are displaced from the blind end 36 of the opening 31 and flow into the wire 20 and passage 7, as well as between the outside face 4 of the plug body 2 and inner face 34 of the socket main body 32 and in particular through the vent channels 10. In this way, the sealant adheres to the plug body 2, wire 20 and socket main wall 32 and end wall 35, and renders the connection between the wire filament 21 and conductive spike 37 waterproof. Normally, due to the volume of sealant 39 present, the sealant 39 fills the vent channels 10 but does not overflow the socket main body 32.

[00206] Depending on the nature of the sealant, the socket 30 can contain two separate membranes/bladders each of which contains different sealant components which, once mixed, cure/harden (eg. multi-part adhesives). The membranes/bladders may be located within the blind end of the opening - each side of the conductive spike 37. In such an instance, the connection apparatus may have more than one piercer.

[00207] The sealant is preferably insoluble, non-conducting, corrosion resistant and adhesive. It is preferably a liquid, although it need not be free-flowing. The term includes all types of sealants usually used for electrical work, including adhesives, cements, pastes and other settable materials. Examples include silicone-based sealants, drying adhesives, contact adhesives, one-part adhesives and multi-part adhesives (polyester resin - polyurethane resin, polyols - polyurethane resin, and acrylic polymers - polyurethane resins). This list is by no means exhaustive.

[00208] The embodiment of figures 43 to 45 shows that the plug la can have piercers 1 la that are received within a circular recess 45a in an end wall 35a of a socket 30a.

[00209] The embodiment of figures 46 to 48 shows that the plug lb can have a different arrangement of piercers 1 lb that are received with a circular recess 45b in an end wall 35b of a socket 30b.

[00210] The embodiment of figures 49 to 51 shows that piercers I l c can be provided by a socket 30c rather than a plug lc. Two piercing spikes 1 1 c extend from a socket end wall 35c within a rupturable membrane 38c containing sealant 39c. The piercers 11c are receivable within recesses 45c located within a socket receiving end 5c of the plug lc.

[0021 1] As seen in figures 9, 12, 13, 20, 21, 25 and 26, the connection apparatus 23 includes a guide for aligning the plug body 2 with the socket main body 32 and guiding it axially within the opening 31 in the socket 30. The guide is in the form of a key 50 and key way 51 arrangement, whereby a key 50 comprising two parallel ridges extending longitudinally along the outside face 4 of the plug body 2 (best seen in figure 12) is receivable within a key way 51 comprising a longitudinal passage extending as a groove within the inner face 34 of the socket main wall 32 (best seen in figure 9).

[00212] As seen in figures 9, 12, 13, 20, 21, 25 and 26, the connection apparatus includes an engagement formation enabling the plug body 2 to be received within an opening 31 in the socket 30 and to be held or locked in place within the socket opening 31. The engagement formation as depicted includes the outside face 4 of the plug body 2 having teeth 55 (not all of which have been labelled) that engage teeth 56 located at the main body inner face 34 (see figure 26). The teeth 55. 56 are in the form of a pawl and ratchet arrangement whereby the teeth 56 of the pawl 56 engage the ratchet teeth 55 as the plug body 2 is inserted into the socket opening 31. The pawl 56 is hinged to the main body 32 of the socket 30 via hinge 57 (see figures 25 and 26) and the teeth of the pawl 56 extend adjacent the inner face 34 of the main body 32 within the key way passage 51 to thereby engage the teeth 55 that are present on the outside face 4 of the plug body 2 - which teeth 55 are located between the key 50 ridges. As the plug body 2 is inserted into the socket opening 31, the teeth 55 on the plug body 2 lift the teeth 56 of the pawl out of engagement by way of its hinge 57. However, when the teeth 56 of the pawl engage the teeth 55 of the plug body 2, because the teeth 55, 56 extend directionally, the plug body 2 is unable to be removed from the socket 30 unless the pawl teeth 56 are manually disengaged from the teeth 55 of the plug body 2.

100213] In the embodiment shown in figures 43. 44 and 45, the connection apparatus 23a lacks a guide and has a different type of engagement formation enabling the plug body 2a to be received within an opening 31 a in the socket 30a and to be held or locked in place within the socket opening 31 a. The engagement formation as depicted includes the outside face 4a of the plug body 2a having circumferentially extending teeth/ridges 65a that engage teeth ridges 66b located at the main body inner face 34a. The teeth 66a located at the main body inner face 34a are in the form of a hinged pawl 66a, essentially as described above.

[00214] in figures 9, 1 8-20, 21 -26, 43-48 and 49-51 , the socket 30 contains a conductor 37 and can convert the plug assembly 23 into a type of electrical plug that can then be plugged into an external or internal socket of an electrical appliance, equipment or device, for example. An electrical appliance, equipment or device includes, but is not limited to, anything of an electrical or electronic nature, or anything used in the transfer or transmission of data. An electrical appliance, equipment or device includes a major appliance, microcontroller, power tool or small appliance, or a component part of an electrical distribution system such as an electric switchboard, distribution board, circuit breaker or disconnect, electricity meter or transformer. It is also possible that the plug assembly 23 could be plugged directly into an electrical appliance, equipment or device that contains key features of the socket 30.

[00215] Referring now to figures 38-41, there is shown the socket 30 of figure 25 but when connected to or part of an electrical appliance, equipment or device 68 and the electrical appliance, equipment or device 68 is generally depicted as a rectangle in broken lines. The conductive spike 37 can be soldered or otherwise electrically connected to circuitry of the appliance, equipment or device 68.

[00216] Alternatively, the socket 30 itself can be plugged into a further external or internal electrical socket of an electrical appliance, equipment or device 68 - in which case the socket 30 would become an electrical plug of sorts whereby conductive spike head 41 becomes the electrical contact point of the new plug.

[00217] Referring now to figures 27-37, there is shown the socket 30 of figures 20 and 25 but configured as a double unit 70 (ie. a socket assembly). That is, a socket like the socket 30 of figure 20 or figure 25 is connected end wall to end wall - which in fact becomes a median wall 71 - and a conductive penetrator spike/conductor 72 extends from one blind end of an opening 73 to the other 74. The double socket 70 can be used to electrically connect a wire 20 from a first plug assembly 23 to a wire 20 of a second plug assembly 23 in a waterproof manner. However, it is possible to omit the rupturable membranes 75, 77 and sealant 76, 78, in which case the connection may not be waterproof.

[00218] Referring now to figure 52, there is shown a detailed plan view of a socket assembly 80 comprising a plurality of sockets 30g, 30h, 30i, 30j, 30k, 301 essentially like the socket 30 shown in figures 20 and 25 (but only shown in part), all being connected mechanically and electrically together. Each socket 30 includes a penetrator/conductor 37 and rupturable membrane or bladder 38. The assembly 80 comprises an interconnecting body 81 and an interconnecting conductor 82. In this way, the penetrator/conductor 37 of each socket 30 is electrically connected together. Each socket 30 can receive a plug like plug 2 or plug assembly like plug assembly 23. The sockets 30h, 301 are shown in broken lines as they represent any suitable number of sockets.

[00219] Referring now to figure 53, there is shown a detailed plan view of a socket assembly 85 comprising a plurality of sockets 30m, 30n, 30o, 30p, essentially like the socket 30 shown in figures 20 and 25 (but only shown in part), all being connected mechanically and electrically together. Each socket 30 includes a penetrator/conductor 37 and rupturable membrane or bladder 38. The assembly 85 comprises interconnecting ends and an interconnecting conductor 86. In this way, the penetrator/conductor 37 of each socket 30 is electrically connected together. Each socket 30 can receive a plug like plug 2 or plug assembly like plug assembly 23. The sockets 30n, 30p are shown in broken lines as they represent any suitable number of sockets.

[00220] Advantages of the present invention as exemplified include:

[00221 ] 1. Waterproof electrical connections between wires and/or an electrical appliance, equipment or device can be readily made, which can be particularly important in corrosive marine environments (where fires have been known to occur due to voltage leaks).

[00222] 2. Waterproof electrical connections can be miniaturised by way of the plug and socket design. [00223] 3. The socket 30 itself can function as an electrical plug.

Γ00224] 4. Components of the socket 30 can be incorporated within an electrical appliance, equipment or device.

[00225] 5. No pre-stripping of the wire 20 is necessary because the conductive penetrator 37 can penetrate the sheath as well.

[00226] 6. Possible contamination of the wire end by fingers is avoided once it has been clamped within the plug because the wire need not be trimmed nor twisted by the user.

[00227] 7. The plug body can be of unitary construction, and thereby easy to manufacture by way of plastic moulding.

[00228] 8. The plug/passage can be sized to accommodate wires of differing gauge.

[00229] 9. Since the wire 20 is pre-clamped in the plug 2, the wire can easily be brought into electrical contact with a conductor 37, simply by inserting the plug 2 into the socket 30.

[00230] In the present specification and claims (if any), the word 'comprising' and its derivatives including 'comprises' and 'comprise' include each of the stated integers but does not exclude the inclusion of one or more further integers.

[00231 ] Reference throughout this specification to One embodiment' or 'an embodiment' means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases 'in one embodiment' or 'in an embodiment' in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more combinations.

[00232J In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to sttxictural or methodical features. It is to be understood that the invention is not hmited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims (if any) appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the ait.

Claims

1. A plug adapted to hold a wire and to be received within a socket, said plug comprising a plug body and a passage extending axially within the plug body for receiving a wire, wherein the plug body is configurable in a first wire-receiving configuration so that a wire can be placed within the passage and a second clamping configuration so that the plug body can clamp to and retain the wire within the passage.

2. The plug of claim 1 , wherein the plug body clamps to and retains the wire within the passage when a socket receiving end of the plug body has been received within a socket.

3. The plug of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the passage extends centrally along a longitudinal axis of the plug body completely through the plug body.

4. The plug of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the plug body comprises an inside face and an outside face, and the plug further comprises at least one gripping formation extending inwardly from the inside face for gripping the wire when located within the passage.

5. The plug of claim 4, wherein the at least one gripping formation comprises one or more gripping teeth extending along the inside face of the plug body that are pointed in a direction that prevents or minimises the risk of the wire being pulled out of the passage in an axial direction.

6. The plug of claim 5, wherein the gripping teeth grip or bite into an exterior insulating coat or sheath of the wire.

7. The plug of any one of claims 4 to 6 further comprising at least one sealing formation extending around the inside face of the plug body, to seal against fluid from flowing between an outer periphery of the wi e and the inside face.

8. The plug of claim 7, wherein the at least one sealing formation comprises at least one circumferentially extending ridge or tooth that engages the wire.

9. The plug of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the at least one sealing formation is spaced from the at least one gripping formation, away from the socket receiving end of the plug body.

10. The plug of any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the plug body comprises two plug body portions that are hinged together and are moveable together via a hinge into the second clamping configuration.

11. The plug of claim 10, wherein the plug body comprises two substantially identical body portions hinged together at an end of the plug body using at least one hinge.

12. The plug of claim 1 1, wherein the substantially identical body portions resemble a sleeve or tube split into longitudinal halves and are hinged at an end of the sleeve or tube.

13. The plug of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the plug is of unitary construction, preferably being made of plastics material.

14. A connection apparatus comprising the plug of any one of claims I to 13 and a socket for receiving the plug.

15. The connection apparatus of claim 14, wherein the socket is an opening in an electrical appliance, equipment or device.

16. The connection apparatus of claim 14, wherein the socket comprises an opening extending axially within a main body for receiving the plug.

17. The connection apparatus of claim 16, wherein the main body comprises an outer face, an inner face that extends around the opening and an end wall that borders a blind end of the opening.

18. The connection apparatus of claim 17, wherein the main body is in the form of a sleeve or tube having a sealed or blind end.

1 . The connection apparatus of claim 17 or claim 18, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one engagement formation enabling the plug body to be received within the opening in the socket and to be held or locked in place within the opening.

20. The connection apparatus of claim 19 when dependent on any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the at least one engagement formation comprises the outside face of the plug body comprising teeth that engage further teeth of the at least one engagement formation located at the main body inner face.

21. The connection apparatus of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the teeth of the at least one engagement formation are in the form of a pawl and ratchet arrangement whereby the teeth of the pawl engage the ratchet teeth as the plug body is inserted into the socket opening.

22. The connection apparatus of claim 19 when dependent on any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the at least one engagement formation comprises the outside face of the plug body comprising a plurality of circuniferentially extending formations in regular spaced relationship axially along the outside face of the plug body that engage complementary formations of the at least one engagement formation located at the main body inner face.

23. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 16 to 22 further comprising a guide for aligning the plug body with the socket main body and guiding it axially within the opening in the socket.

24. The connection apparatus of claim 23, wherein the guide is in the form of the plug and socket having a keyway and key arrangement for aligning the plug body with the socket main body and guiding it axially within the opening in the socket.

25. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the socket comprises an electrical conductor located adjacent the end wall of the socket at the blind end of the opening, for contacting the wire located within the plug.

26. The connection apparatus of claim 25, wherein the conductor is in the form of a penetrator for penetrating the wire when the wire of the plug is insetted into the opening in the socket.

27. The connection apparatus of claim 26, wherein the conductor or penetrator extends through the end wall of the socket to an exterior of the socket end wall to provide another electrical point of contact.

28. The connection apparatus of claim 27, wherein the socket of the connection apparatus functions as an electrical plug that can be plugged into an electrical appliance, equipment or device.

29. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the socket comprises a sealant located at the blind end of the opening, and the plug body comprises at least one vent for venting air and for receiving the sealant when the socket receiving end of the plug body is brought into contact with the sealant and displaces the sealant.

30. The connection apparatus of claim 29, wherein the sealant sets when exposed to air and renders a connection between the wire and conductor waterproof.

31. The connection apparatus of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein the socket comprises at least one rupturable membrane or bladder that contains the sealant.

32. The connection apparatus of claim 31, wherein the at least one rupturable membrane or bladder is disposed about the conductor or penetrator within the blind end of the opening.

33. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein the at least one vent comprises a channel extending between the outside face of the plug body and main body of the socket, linking the blind end of the opening to the atmosphere.

34. The connection apparatus of claim 33, wherein two said channels extend along opposed longitudinal sides of the outside face to the blind end of the opening.

35. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 31 to 34 further comprising at least one piercer for piercing a wall of the rupturable membrane or bladder containing the sealant.

36. The connection apparatus of claim 35, wherein the at least one piercer extends from the socket receiving end of the plug.

37. The connection apparatus of claim 35, wherein the at least one piercer extends from the end wall of the main body.

38. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 25 to 37, wherein the socket is in the form of a dual socket for connecting two wires together, said dual socket comprising essentially two said sockets connected at their said end walls, and the conductor of both sockets is connected together.

39. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 25 to 37, wherei the socket is in the form of a socket assembly for connecting many wires or other types of conductors together, said socket assembly comprising a plurality of said sockets electrically connected together.

40. The connection apparatus of any one of claims 14 to 39, wherein said connection apparatus provides a fluid-tight connection.

41. A method of forming an electrical connection comprising the steps of: locating a wire within a plug as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13; and receiving the plug within a socket comprising an electrical conductor.

42. A socket as described in any one of claims 14 to 37, a dual socket as described in claim 38, or a socket assembly as described in claim 39.

43. A dual socket assembly for connecting two wires or other types of conductors together, said dual socket assembly comprising two sockets as described in any one of claims 14 to 38 electrically connected together and capable of receiving two plugs as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.

44. A socket assembly for connecting a plurality of wires or other types of conductors together, said socket assembly comprising a plurality of sockets as described in any one of claims 14 to 37 or 39 electrically connected together and capable of receiving a plurality of plugs as defined in any one of claims I to 13 or claim 39.