EP2924454B1 - Method for estimating and resetting of the state of charge of a battery cell - Google Patents

Method for estimating and resetting of the state of charge of a battery cell Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2924454B1
EP2924454B1 EP15158695.5A EP15158695A EP2924454B1 EP 2924454 B1 EP2924454 B1 EP 2924454B1 EP 15158695 A EP15158695 A EP 15158695A EP 2924454 B1 EP2924454 B1 EP 2924454B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
charge
voltage
battery
value
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2924454A1 (en
Inventor
Laurent Vinit
Fathia Karoui
Ghislain Despesse
Sébastien BRULAIS
Jean-Philippe Gros
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Decathlon SE
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Decathlon SE
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electric batteries in general, and more particularly to the detection of the passage of an elementary cell of a battery by a particular predetermined value of charge. It also aims to estimate the state of charge of an elementary cell of a battery and the registration or readjustment of this estimate.
  • An electric battery is a group of several rechargeable cells (batteries, accumulators, etc.) connected in series and / or in parallel between two nodes or voltage supply terminals.
  • the state of charge also called SOC (of the English "State of Charge"
  • SOC of the English "State of Charge”
  • a gauge (or indicator) of state of charge can be associated with each cell of the battery.
  • the gauges of the elementary cells can be managed by a battery management device, which estimates the state of charge of each cell from predefined algorithms and measurements made by sensors connected to the cells of the battery.
  • the patent application EP1562048 describes a method of measuring the capacity of a battery.
  • an embodiment provides a method for detecting a particular predetermined value of the charge contained in a first elementary cell of a battery, comprising the steps of: measuring the voltage across the cell at several instants of a charging or discharging the cell between first and second state of charge states; and detecting a particular predetermined value of this voltage, corresponding to the particular load value, the particular load values and voltage corresponding to the coordinates of a crossing point of at least two curves representative of the evolution of the voltage as a function of the charge contained in the cell, to states of aging distinct from the cell.
  • the voltage is the voltage across the cell under a reference current.
  • the particular values of charge and voltage correspond to the coordinates of a point of intersection of at least three curves representative of the evolution of the voltage as a function of the charge contained in the cell, to states distinct aging of the cell.
  • the particular value of charge is between 20% and 60% of the rated capacity of the full load of the cell.
  • the cell is a lithium-ion type cell, and the particular value of charge is between 38% and 42% of the full load nominal capacity of the cell.
  • the cell has a nominal capacity of 2.2 Ah and a nominal full load voltage of 4.2 V, and the particular value of voltage is in the range of 3.5 to 3.6 V.
  • the method further comprises a preliminary characterization phase comprising the acquisition, for a second elementary cell of the same type as the first cell, of at least two characteristic curves representative of the evolution of the voltage at the terminals of the second cell depending on the charge contained in the second cell, at least two distinct aging states of the second cell.
  • the prior phase of characterization further comprises a step of determining a point of intersection of the two characteristic curves in the load range from 20% to 60% of the rated capacity of the cell.
  • Another embodiment provides a method for evaluating the state of charge of an elementary cell of a battery, comprising at least one phase of estimating the state of charge of the cell by an estimation algorithm state of charge, and at least one resetting phase of the estimation algorithm, the resetting phase comprising the following steps: detecting a particular predefined value of the charge contained in the cell by a method of the aforementioned type; and resetting the load state estimation algorithm taking into account the difference between the particular load value and a load value estimated by the estimation algorithm at a time of detection of the particular load value .
  • Another embodiment provides a system comprising: a battery comprising a plurality of elementary cells and a battery management device, in which the management device is adapted to detect the passage of an elementary cell by a particular predetermined load value by a process of the aforementioned type.
  • the battery is a dynamically reconfigurable architecture battery
  • the management device is adapted to dynamically disconnect and reconnect cells of the battery so that the battery provides at its terminals an alternating voltage.
  • the reference current is zero, and the steps of measuring the voltage at the terminals of the first cell are implemented during periods of disconnection of the first cell by the management device with a view to generating an AC voltage across the battery.
  • the figure 1 is a diagram comprising three curves 101a, 101b and 101c representing, for three states of aging or health states distinct from a battery cell, the evolution of the voltage U cell in volts (V) at the terminals of the cell under a reference current i ref (that is to say the voltage at the terminals of the cell when the cell is crossed by the current i ref ), depending on the load contained in the cell.
  • V voltage in volts
  • i ref that is to say the voltage at the terminals of the cell when the cell is crossed by the current i ref
  • the curves of the figure 1 were plotted for a NMC (nickel cobalt manganese) / graphite type lithium-ion cell, having a nominal (ie, manufacturer's display) capacity of 2.2 Ah, and a nominal full load voltage
  • the curve 101a represents the behavior of the cell in the new state
  • the curve 101b corresponds to the same cell after about 600 charge / discharge cycles representative of a typical use of the cell
  • the curve 101c corresponds to the same cell after about 1200 charge / discharge cycles representative of a typical use of the cell.
  • the voltage measurements were performed under a reference current i ref null.
  • the charge of the cell in abscissa, was represented in standard ampere-hours normalized (Ah NORM), that is to say as a percentage of the nominal capacity of the cell. It is therefore a representative quantity of the physical load actually contained in the cell (or the number of remaining Ahs), and not the state of charge (SOC) of the cell, which itself is a percentage of the total capacity actual cell that can vary with the aging of the cell.
  • Ah NORM ampere-hours normalized
  • the tests carried out by the inventors have further shown that similar behavior is observable when the voltage measurements are carried out under a non-zero reference current ref , for example a negative current - that is to say a current of discharge of the cell - or a positive current - that is to say a charge current of the cell.
  • a non-zero reference current ref for example a negative current - that is to say a current of discharge of the cell - or a positive current - that is to say a charge current of the cell.
  • the coordinates U A and Q A of the point A may change with respect to the example of the figure 1 but the same phenomenon as in the example of the figure 1 occurs, ie all voltage / charge characteristic curves at different aging states of the cell intersect at the same point A.
  • the inventors have furthermore found that this same phenomenon is observable for other types of cells than the lithium-ion cells of the example of the figure 1 , for example lithium-ion cells having a nominal capacity other than 2.2 Ah and / or a nominal full charge voltage other than 4.2 V, or cells with different chemistry, provided that these cells have monotonic voltage / load (without a plateau), for example lithium-ion cells of the LMO (LiMn 2 O 4 ) / graphite type.
  • the position of point A then depends on the characteristics of the cell and the reference current i ref considered, and is typically in the load range of 20% to 60% of the rated capacity of the cell.
  • i ref 0 A.
  • a cell of the type to be characterized having a first state of aging, can be completely discharged.
  • This cell can then be recharged completely by periodically measuring during charging the voltage of the cell under the current i ref .
  • the actual physical load contained in the cell can be measured throughout the charging phase, for example using a coulometric counter or a current integrator. It is thus possible to correspond to each measured voltage value a measured value of charge contained in the cell, so as to obtain a voltage / charge characteristic curve of the type represented in FIG. figure 1 .
  • i ref 0
  • the voltage / charge characteristic curve can be acquired during a complete discharge phase of the cell, rather than during a charging phase.
  • the cell can then be "aged” by being subjected to charge / discharge cycles representative of a typical use of the cell.
  • the aforementioned steps may be repeated at least once to obtain at least a second voltage / charge characteristic curve of the type shown in FIG. figure 1 at least one second aging state of the cell.
  • the point A can be determined from these curves, for example by looking for the point of intersection between two characteristic curves in the load range. ranging from 20% to 60% of the nominal capacity of the cell.
  • the voltage measurements as a function of the load performed during the characterization phase may optionally be smoothed before the determination of the point A.
  • points of the voltage / charge characteristic curves may be acquired at a frequency 100 kHz (one point every 10 ⁇ s), then averaged over a sliding window of 2000 points (20 ms).
  • the detection, by the management device, of the passage of a cell of the battery at point A when the battery is in use, advantageously allows the management device to reliably know the load available in this cell, independently possible drift of the battery gauges related to cell aging or other phenomena.
  • the charging or discharging phase of the point A detection method may correspond to a charging or discharging of the cell by normal use of the battery by a system comprising the battery, for example an electrically assisted vehicle. If the normal charging or discharging current of the cell is different from the reference current i ref , the current flowing through the cell can be periodically forced to the value i ref for a period preferably sufficiently short so as not to impede the operation, for example. example for a period of less than 1 ms and preferably less than 10 ⁇ s, the time to perform a measurement of the voltage across the cell. This duration is preferably chosen, if necessary, identical or similar, for example equal to 20%, to the period during which the current is periodically forced to the value i ref during the characterization phase to acquire characteristic curves of the cell.
  • the detection method of the point A may comprise a dedicated phase of charging or discharging the cell, which may be implemented by the battery management device specifically to cause a passage of the cell by the point A and thus allow the detection of the passage at point A.
  • the above-mentioned method of detecting the passage at point A of a cell of a battery can be used to readjust or readjust a charge state gauge of the cell.
  • the battery management device may, for example, implement a method for evaluating the state of charge of a cell of the battery, this method comprising phases for estimating the state of charge of the cell, and, between estimation phases, recalibration phases of the estimation method making it possible to compensate for any drifts, for example drifts related to aging of the cell or drifts of the cells.
  • measurements made by sensors of the management device, these resetting phases may comprise phases of detection of the passage to the point A of the cell.
  • a load state gauge of the cell may be reset following a phase of detection of a passage at point A of the cell, to compensate for any discrepancy between an estimated load value of the cell. and the actual load value known at point A, at the moment of detection of point A.
  • An advantage is that the registration of a charge state gauge of the cell by detecting a passage at point A of the cell does not require a complete discharge or a complete charge of the cell. This makes the registration phases much less restrictive than with the known solutions.
  • dynamically reconfigurable electrical architecture battery means here a battery in which the circuit diagram for interconnecting the elementary cells of the battery between the voltage supply terminals of the battery can be dynamically modified during the operation of the battery, so that the battery provides at its terminals an AC voltage, for example for powering an electric motor or any other load that can be powered by an AC voltage.
  • a dynamically reconfigurable electrical architecture battery typically comprises a management device capable of dynamically disconnecting and reconnecting cells of the battery, possibly by changing their position and / or their connection mode (serial or parallel) with respect to the other cells of the battery at a relatively high frequency during battery usage phases.
  • the battery management device can exploit these frequent disconnections to implement a method of the aforementioned type of detection of the point A of the cell for a reference current i ref null.
  • the management device can measure the voltage of the cell during periods of disconnection of the cell forming part of the normal operation of the system, until detecting a passage of the cell by the voltage U A of point A.
  • a benefit is that the detection of point A then requires no disturbance of the normal operation of the battery.
  • the figure 2 illustrates, in block form, an example of an embodiment of a method of resetting a charge state gauge of an elementary cell of a battery, which can be implemented during a phase of charging or discharging the cell.
  • i ref 0
  • the management device can wait for the next disconnection of the programmed cell for the supply of an alternating voltage to the terminals of the battery.
  • the management device can force the current flowing through the cell to the value i ref , specifically for the implementation of the resetting process, for a sufficiently short time so as not to significantly disturb the normal operation of the battery. , for example for a duration less than 1 ms and preferably less than 10 ⁇ s.
  • the management device measures the voltage U cell at the terminals of the cell during a step 202 (MEASURE U cell ).
  • the management device monitors the passage of the voltage U cell measured in step 202 by the voltage value U A of the characteristic point A of the cell.
  • the management device detects the passage of the value of the voltage U cell measured under the current i ref by the value U A , it implements a step 204 (RECALAGE SOC) for resetting the the charge state gauge of the cell, taking into account the difference between an estimated load value of the cell and the actual load value known at point A, at the moment of detection of the point A.
  • RECALAGE SOC RECALAGE SOC
  • the management device does not detect a passage of the value of the voltage U cell measured under the current i ref by the value U A , it again implements the steps 201, 202 and 203.
  • the battery management device can optionally store, in addition to the coordinates of the point A, the entirety of one or more of the characteristic voltage / charge curves of the cells with a current of reference i ref .
  • the management device can measure the voltage across the cell under the current i ref , and estimate the state of charge of the cell. cell from this measurement and memorized characteristic curves.
  • the particular curve used to make a charge state estimate of a cell can be selected taking into account a cell aging status indicator.
  • the embodiments described are not limited to the use of the point detection method A to reset a charge state gauge of a battery cell.
  • the proposed method can be used in any application that can benefit from the knowledge, at a given moment, of the actual charge contained in a cell of a battery.
  • the point A may optionally be determined for several separate reference currents.
  • the management device implements a phase of detection of a passage of a cell of the battery by a point A in order to know, at a given instant, the actual charge contained in this cell, it can choose the reference current best suited to the use made of the battery during the detection phase.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

DomaineField

La présente demande concerne le domaine des batteries électriques de façon générale, et vise plus particulièrement la détection du passage d'une cellule élémentaire d'une batterie par une valeur particulière prédéterminée de charge. Elle vise aussi l'estimation de l'état de charge d'une cellule élémentaire d'une batterie et le recalage ou réajustement de cette estimation.The present application relates to the field of electric batteries in general, and more particularly to the detection of the passage of an elementary cell of a battery by a particular predetermined value of charge. It also aims to estimate the state of charge of an elementary cell of a battery and the registration or readjustment of this estimate.

Exposé de l'art antérieurPresentation of the prior art

Une batterie électrique est un groupement de plusieurs cellules élémentaires rechargeables (piles, accumulateurs, etc.) reliées en série et/ou en parallèle entre deux noeuds ou bornes de fourniture de tension.An electric battery is a group of several rechargeable cells (batteries, accumulators, etc.) connected in series and / or in parallel between two nodes or voltage supply terminals.

Dans certains systèmes, on souhaite pouvoir connaître à tout instant l'état de charge, aussi appelé SOC (de l'anglais "State of Charge") de chaque cellule élémentaire de la batterie, c'est-à-dire le rapport entre la charge contenue dans la cellule et la capacité totale de la cellule à l'instant considéré. Pour cela, une jauge (ou indicateur) d'état de charge peut être associée à chaque cellule de la batterie. Les jauges des cellules élémentaires peuvent être gérées par un dispositif de gestion de la batterie, qui estime l'état de charge de chaque cellule à partir d'algorithmes prédéfinis et de mesures réalisées par des capteurs reliés aux cellules de la batterie.In some systems, it is desired to be able to know at any time the state of charge, also called SOC (of the English "State of Charge") of each elementary cell of the battery, that is to say the ratio between the charge contained in the cell and the total capacity of the cell at the instant considered. For that, a gauge (or indicator) of state of charge can be associated with each cell of the battery. The gauges of the elementary cells can be managed by a battery management device, which estimates the state of charge of each cell from predefined algorithms and measurements made by sensors connected to the cells of the battery.

Avec les solutions d'estimation d'état de charge connues, on note généralement une dégradation de l'estimation avec le temps et avec le vieillissement des cellules de la batterie. Pour pallier à ce phénomène, il est connu de mettre en oeuvre des phases dites de recalage ou réajustement d'une jauge d'état de charge, qui consistent à adapter les algorithmes d'estimation, par exemple en modifiant des paramètres de ces algorithmes, pour leur permettre de continuer à fournir une estimation relativement fiable. Généralement, les méthodes connues de recalage de jauge d'état de charge consistent à charger ou décharger complètement la cellule, puis, lorsqu'une fin de charge ou une fin de décharge est détectée, à adapter les algorithmes d'estimation de façon à repositionner la jauge d'état de charge à 100% ou 0%. Un inconvénient de ces solutions est qu'elles nécessitent la mise en oeuvre d'une charge ou d'une décharge complète de la cellule, ce qui est relativement contraignant et peut poser problème dans certaines applications.With the known state of charge estimation solutions, there is generally a degradation of the estimate over time and with the aging of the cells of the battery. To overcome this phenomenon, it is known to implement so-called resetting or readjusting phases of a charge state gauge, which consist in adapting the estimation algorithms, for example by modifying parameters of these algorithms, to allow them to continue to provide a relatively reliable estimate. Generally, the known methods of resetting the charge state gauge consist of completely charging or discharging the cell, and then, when a charging end or an end of discharge is detected, adapting the estimation algorithms so as to reposition the state of charge gauge at 100% or 0%. A disadvantage of these solutions is that they require the implementation of a charge or a complete discharge of the cell, which is relatively restrictive and can be problematic in some applications.

La demande de brevet EP1562048 décrit un procédé de mesure de la capacité d'une batterie.The patent application EP1562048 describes a method of measuring the capacity of a battery.

Résumésummary

Ainsi, un mode de réalisation prévoit un procédé de détection d'une valeur particulière prédéterminée de la charge contenue dans une première cellule élémentaire d'une batterie, comprenant les étapes suivantes : mesurer la tension aux bornes de la cellule à plusieurs instants d'une phase de charge ou de décharge de la cellule entre des premier et second niveaux d'état de charge ; et détecter une valeur particulière prédéterminée de cette tension, correspondant à la valeur particulière de charge, les valeurs particulières de charge et de tension correspondant aux coordonnées d'un point de croisement d'au moins deux courbes représentatives de l'évolution de la tension en fonction de la charge contenue dans la cellule, à des états de vieillissement distincts de la cellule.Thus, an embodiment provides a method for detecting a particular predetermined value of the charge contained in a first elementary cell of a battery, comprising the steps of: measuring the voltage across the cell at several instants of a charging or discharging the cell between first and second state of charge states; and detecting a particular predetermined value of this voltage, corresponding to the particular load value, the particular load values and voltage corresponding to the coordinates of a crossing point of at least two curves representative of the evolution of the voltage as a function of the charge contained in the cell, to states of aging distinct from the cell.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la tension est la tension aux bornes de la cellule sous un courant de référence.According to one embodiment, the voltage is the voltage across the cell under a reference current.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les valeurs particulières de charge et de tension correspondent aux coordonnées d'un point de croisement d'au moins trois courbes représentatives de l'évolution de la tension en fonction de la charge contenue dans la cellule, à des états de vieillissement distincts de la cellule.According to one embodiment, the particular values of charge and voltage correspond to the coordinates of a point of intersection of at least three curves representative of the evolution of the voltage as a function of the charge contained in the cell, to states distinct aging of the cell.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la valeur particulière de charge est comprise entre 20% et 60% de la capacité nominale de pleine charge de la cellule.According to one embodiment, the particular value of charge is between 20% and 60% of the rated capacity of the full load of the cell.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la cellule est une cellule de type lithium-ion, et la valeur particulière de charge est comprise entre 38% et 42% de la capacité nominale de pleine charge de la cellule.According to one embodiment, the cell is a lithium-ion type cell, and the particular value of charge is between 38% and 42% of the full load nominal capacity of the cell.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la cellule présente une capacité nominale de 2,2 Ah et une tension nominale de pleine charge de 4,2 V, et la valeur particulière de tension est comprise dans la plage allant de 3,5 à 3,6 V.According to one embodiment, the cell has a nominal capacity of 2.2 Ah and a nominal full load voltage of 4.2 V, and the particular value of voltage is in the range of 3.5 to 3.6 V.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé comporte en outre une phase préalable de caractérisation comportant l'acquisition, pour une deuxième cellule élémentaire de même type que la première cellule, d'au moins deux courbes caractéristiques représentatives de l'évolution de la tension aux bornes de la deuxième cellule en fonction de la charge contenue dans la deuxième cellule, à au moins deux états de vieillissement distincts de la deuxième cellule.According to one embodiment, the method further comprises a preliminary characterization phase comprising the acquisition, for a second elementary cell of the same type as the first cell, of at least two characteristic curves representative of the evolution of the voltage at the terminals of the second cell depending on the charge contained in the second cell, at least two distinct aging states of the second cell.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la phase préalable de caractérisation comprend en outre une étape de détermination d'un point de croisement des deux courbes caractéristiques dans la plage de charge allant de 20% à 60% de la capacité nominale de la cellule.According to one embodiment, the prior phase of characterization further comprises a step of determining a point of intersection of the two characteristic curves in the load range from 20% to 60% of the rated capacity of the cell.

Un autre mode de réalisation prévoit un procédé d'évaluation de l'état de charge d'une cellule élémentaire d'une batterie, comprenant au moins une phase d'estimation de l'état de charge de la cellule par un algorithme d'estimation d'état de charge, et au moins une phase de recalage de l'algorithme d'estimation, la phase de recalage comprenant les étapes suivantes : détecter une valeur particulière prédéfinie de la charge contenue dans la cellule par un procédé du type susmentionné ; et recaler l'algorithme d'estimation d'état de charge en tenant compte de l'écart entre la valeur particulière de charge et une valeur de charge estimée par l'algorithme d'estimation à un instant de détection de la valeur particulière de charge.Another embodiment provides a method for evaluating the state of charge of an elementary cell of a battery, comprising at least one phase of estimating the state of charge of the cell by an estimation algorithm state of charge, and at least one resetting phase of the estimation algorithm, the resetting phase comprising the following steps: detecting a particular predefined value of the charge contained in the cell by a method of the aforementioned type; and resetting the load state estimation algorithm taking into account the difference between the particular load value and a load value estimated by the estimation algorithm at a time of detection of the particular load value .

Un autre mode de réalisation prévoit un système comportant : une batterie comportant plusieurs cellules élémentaires et un dispositif de gestion de la batterie, dans lequel le dispositif de gestion est adapté à détecter le passage d'une cellule élémentaire par une valeur particulière de charge prédéterminée par un procédé du type susmentionné.Another embodiment provides a system comprising: a battery comprising a plurality of elementary cells and a battery management device, in which the management device is adapted to detect the passage of an elementary cell by a particular predetermined load value by a process of the aforementioned type.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la batterie est une batterie à architecture reconfigurable dynamiquement, et le dispositif de gestion est adapté à déconnecter et reconnecter dynamiquement des cellules de la batterie de façon que la batterie fournisse à ses bornes une tension alternative.According to one embodiment, the battery is a dynamically reconfigurable architecture battery, and the management device is adapted to dynamically disconnect and reconnect cells of the battery so that the battery provides at its terminals an alternating voltage.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le courant de référence est nul, et les étapes de mesure de la tension aux bornes de la première cellule sont mises en oeuvre pendant des périodes de déconnexion de la première cellule par le dispositif de gestion en vue de la génération d'une tension alternative aux bornes de la batterie.According to one embodiment, the reference current is zero, and the steps of measuring the voltage at the terminals of the first cell are implemented during periods of disconnection of the first cell by the management device with a view to generating an AC voltage across the battery.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Ces caractéristiques et leurs avantages, ainsi que d'autres, seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est un diagramme illustrant l'évolution avec le vieillissement du comportement d'une cellule élémentaire de batterie ; et
  • la figure 2 illustre, sous forme de blocs, un exemple d'un mode de réalisation d'un procédé de recalage d'une jauge d'état de charge d'une cellule élémentaire de batterie.
These features and their advantages, as well as others, will be discussed in detail in the following description particular embodiments made in a non-limiting manner in relation to the attached figures among which:
  • the figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the evolution with the aging of the behavior of an elementary battery cell; and
  • the figure 2 illustrates, in block form, an example of an embodiment of a method of resetting a state of charge gauge of an elementary battery cell.

Description détailléedetailed description

La figure 1 est un diagramme comportant trois courbes 101a, 101b et 101c représentant, pour trois états de vieillissement ou états de santé distincts d'une cellule de batterie, l'évolution de la tension Ucell en volts (V) aux bornes de la cellule sous un courant de référence iref (c'est-à-dire la tension aux bornes de la cellule lorsque la cellule est traversée par le courant iref), en fonction de la charge contenue dans la cellule. Les courbes de la figure 1 ont été tracées pour une cellule lithium-ion de type NMC (nickel cobalt manganèse)/graphite, présentant une capacité nominale (c'est-à-dire affichée par le fabricant) de 2,2 Ah, et une tension nominale de pleine charge de 4,2 V. La courbe 101a représente le comportement de la cellule à l'état neuf, la courbe 101b correspond à la même cellule après environ 600 cycles de charge/décharge représentatifs d'une utilisation typique de la cellule, et la courbe 101c correspond à la même cellule après environ 1200 cycles de charge/décharge représentatifs d'une utilisation typique de la cellule. Dans cet exemple, les mesures de tension ont été effectuées sous un courant de référence iref nul. De plus, sur la figure 1, la charge de la cellule, en abscisse, a été représentée en ampère-heure restants normalisés (Ah NORM), c'est-à-dire en pourcentage de la capacité nominale de la cellule. Il s'agit donc bien d'une grandeur représentative de la charge physique effectivement contenue dans la cellule (ou nombre d'Ah restants), et non pas de l'état de charge (SOC) de la cellule, qui, lui, est un pourcentage de la capacité totale réelle de la cellule qui peut varier avec le vieillissement de la cellule.The figure 1 is a diagram comprising three curves 101a, 101b and 101c representing, for three states of aging or health states distinct from a battery cell, the evolution of the voltage U cell in volts (V) at the terminals of the cell under a reference current i ref (that is to say the voltage at the terminals of the cell when the cell is crossed by the current i ref ), depending on the load contained in the cell. The curves of the figure 1 were plotted for a NMC (nickel cobalt manganese) / graphite type lithium-ion cell, having a nominal (ie, manufacturer's display) capacity of 2.2 Ah, and a nominal full load voltage The curve 101a represents the behavior of the cell in the new state, the curve 101b corresponds to the same cell after about 600 charge / discharge cycles representative of a typical use of the cell, and the curve 101c corresponds to the same cell after about 1200 charge / discharge cycles representative of a typical use of the cell. In this example, the voltage measurements were performed under a reference current i ref null. Moreover, on the figure 1 , the charge of the cell, in abscissa, was represented in standard ampere-hours normalized (Ah NORM), that is to say as a percentage of the nominal capacity of the cell. It is therefore a representative quantity of the physical load actually contained in the cell (or the number of remaining Ahs), and not the state of charge (SOC) of the cell, which itself is a percentage of the total capacity actual cell that can vary with the aging of the cell.

Les essais menés par les inventeurs ont montré que les courbes caractéristiques de la tension aux bornes de la cellule, sous un courant de référence constant, en fonction de la charge de la cellule, aux différents états de vieillissement de la cellule, sont toutes monotones (c'est-à-dire continument croissantes ou décroissantes) dans la plage d'utilisation de la cellule, et se croisent toutes en un même point caractéristique de la cellule, désigné ici par la référence A. Dans l'exemple particulier de la figure 1, le point A correspond à une tension UA de 3,55 V et une charge QA de 40% de la capacité nominale de la cellule (soit 0,88 Ah dans cet exemple).The tests carried out by the inventors have shown that the characteristic curves of the voltage at the terminals of the cell, under a constant reference current, as a function of the charge of the cell, to the various states of aging of the cell, are all monotonous ( that is to say, continually increasing or decreasing) in the range of use of the cell, and all intersecting at the same characteristic point of the cell, here designated by the reference A. In the particular example of the figure 1 point A corresponds to a voltage U A of 3.55 V and a load Q A of 40% of the nominal capacity of the cell (ie 0.88 Ah in this example).

Les essais réalisés par les inventeurs ont en outre montré qu'un comportement similaire est observable lorsque les mesures de tension sont effectuées sous un courant de référence iref non nul, par exemple un courant négatif - c'est-à-dire un courant de décharge de la cellule - ou un courant positif - c'est-à-dire un courant de charge de la cellule. Dans ce cas, les coordonnées UA et QA du point A peuvent changer par rapport à l'exemple de la figure 1, mais le même phénomène que dans l'exemple de la figure 1 se produit, c'est-à-dire que toutes les courbes caractéristiques tension/charge à des états de vieillissement distincts de la cellule se croisent en un même point A.The tests carried out by the inventors have further shown that similar behavior is observable when the voltage measurements are carried out under a non-zero reference current ref , for example a negative current - that is to say a current of discharge of the cell - or a positive current - that is to say a charge current of the cell. In this case, the coordinates U A and Q A of the point A may change with respect to the example of the figure 1 but the same phenomenon as in the example of the figure 1 occurs, ie all voltage / charge characteristic curves at different aging states of the cell intersect at the same point A.

Les inventeurs ont en outre constaté que ce même phénomène est observable pour d'autres types de cellules que les cellules lithium-ion de l'exemple de la figure 1, par exemple des cellules lithium-ion présentant une capacité nominale différente de 2,2 Ah et/ou une tension nominale de pleine charge différente de 4,2 V, ou des cellules présentant une chimie différente, à condition que ces cellules présentent des caractéristiques tension/charge monotones (sans plateau), par exemple des cellules lithium-ion de type LMO (LiMn2O4)/graphite. La position du point A dépend alors des caractéristiques de la cellule et du courant de référence iref considéré, et se trouve typiquement dans la plage de charge allant de 20% à 60% de la capacité nominale de la cellule.The inventors have furthermore found that this same phenomenon is observable for other types of cells than the lithium-ion cells of the example of the figure 1 , for example lithium-ion cells having a nominal capacity other than 2.2 Ah and / or a nominal full charge voltage other than 4.2 V, or cells with different chemistry, provided that these cells have monotonic voltage / load (without a plateau), for example lithium-ion cells of the LMO (LiMn 2 O 4 ) / graphite type. The position of point A then depends on the characteristics of the cell and the reference current i ref considered, and is typically in the load range of 20% to 60% of the rated capacity of the cell.

Pour un type de cellule donné, une phase de caractérisation peut être mise en oeuvre, permettant de déterminer la position du point A pour un courant de référence iref que l'on choisit, par exemple iref = 0 A. Un exemple non limitatif de procédé de caractérisation va maintenant être décrit.For a given cell type, a characterization phase may be implemented, making it possible to determine the position of point A for a reference current i ref that is chosen, for example i ref = 0 A. A non-limiting example The method of characterization will now be described.

Dans un premier temps, une cellule du type à caractériser, présentant un premier état de vieillissement, peut être complètement déchargée. Cette cellule peut ensuite être rechargée complètement en mesurant périodiquement pendant la charge la tension de la cellule sous le courant iref. La charge physique réelle contenue dans la cellule peut être mesurée tout au long de la phase de charge, par exemple à l'aide d'un compteur coulométrique ou d'un intégrateur de courant. On peut ainsi faire correspondre à chaque valeur de tension mesurée une valeur mesurée de charge contenue dans la cellule, de façon à obtenir une courbe caractéristique tension/charge du type représenté en figure 1. On notera que si le courant de charge est différent de iref (notamment dans le cas iref=0), on peut périodiquement forcer le courant traversant la cellule à la valeur iref pendant une courte durée, par exemple inférieure à 1 ms et de préférence inférieure à 10 µs, le temps d'effectuer une mesure de la tension aux bornes de la cellule.In a first step, a cell of the type to be characterized, having a first state of aging, can be completely discharged. This cell can then be recharged completely by periodically measuring during charging the voltage of the cell under the current i ref . The actual physical load contained in the cell can be measured throughout the charging phase, for example using a coulometric counter or a current integrator. It is thus possible to correspond to each measured voltage value a measured value of charge contained in the cell, so as to obtain a voltage / charge characteristic curve of the type represented in FIG. figure 1 . It will be noted that if the charging current is different from i ref (in particular in the case i ref = 0), it is possible periodically to force the current through the cell to the value i ref for a short time, for example less than 1 ms and preferably less than 10 μs, the time to perform a measurement of the voltage across the cell.

Alternativement, la courbe caractéristique tension/charge peut être acquise pendant une phase de décharge complète de la cellule, plutôt que pendant une phase de charge.Alternatively, the voltage / charge characteristic curve can be acquired during a complete discharge phase of the cell, rather than during a charging phase.

La cellule peut ensuite être "vieillie" en étant soumise à des cycles de charge/décharge représentatifs d'une utilisation typique de la cellule.The cell can then be "aged" by being subjected to charge / discharge cycles representative of a typical use of the cell.

Les étapes susmentionnées peuvent être répétées au moins une fois pour obtenir au moins une deuxième courbe caractéristique tension/charge du type représenté en figure 1, à au moins un deuxième état de vieillissement de la cellule.The aforementioned steps may be repeated at least once to obtain at least a second voltage / charge characteristic curve of the type shown in FIG. figure 1 at least one second aging state of the cell.

Lorsqu'au moins deux courbes caractéristiques correspondant à des états de vieillissement distincts de la cellule ont été enregistrées, le point A peut être déterminé à partir de ces courbes, par exemple en recherchant le point de croisement entre deux courbes caractéristiques dans la plage de charge allant de 20% à 60% de la capacité nominale de la cellule.When at least two characteristic curves corresponding to aging states distinct from the cell have been recorded, the point A can be determined from these curves, for example by looking for the point of intersection between two characteristic curves in the load range. ranging from 20% to 60% of the nominal capacity of the cell.

Les mesures de tension en fonction de la charge effectuées lors de la phase de caractérisation peuvent optionnellement être lissées avant la détermination du point A. A titre d'exemple numérique non limitatif, des points des courbes caractéristiques tension/charge peuvent être acquis à une fréquence de 100 kHz (un point toutes les 10 µs), puis moyennés sur une fenêtre glissante de 2000 points (20 ms).The voltage measurements as a function of the load performed during the characterization phase may optionally be smoothed before the determination of the point A. As a non-limiting numerical example, points of the voltage / charge characteristic curves may be acquired at a frequency 100 kHz (one point every 10 μs), then averaged over a sliding window of 2000 points (20 ms).

Une fois les coordonnées du point A connues pour un type de cellule et un courant de référence iref, elles peuvent être mémorisées par un dispositif de gestion d'une batterie comportant des cellules élémentaires de ce type.Once the coordinates of the point A known for a cell type and a reference current i ref , they can be stored by a battery management device comprising such elementary cells.

La détection, par le dispositif de gestion, du passage d'une cellule de la batterie au point A lorsque la batterie est en cours d'utilisation, permet avantageusement au dispositif de gestion de connaître de façon fiable la charge disponible dans cette cellule, indépendamment d'éventuelles dérives des jauges de la batterie liées au vieillissement des cellules ou à d'autres phénomènes.The detection, by the management device, of the passage of a cell of the battery at point A when the battery is in use, advantageously allows the management device to reliably know the load available in this cell, independently possible drift of the battery gauges related to cell aging or other phenomena.

Le dispositif de gestion de la batterie est par exemple adapté à mettre en oeuvre, pour chaque cellule de la batterie, un procédé de détection d'un passage au point A comportant les étapes suivantes :

  • mesurer la tension aux bornes de la cellule sous le courant de référence iref à plusieurs instants d'une phase de charge ou de décharge de la cellule entre des premier et second niveaux d'état de charge de la cellule, par exemple entre 20% et 80% du SOC de la cellule ; et
  • détecter une valeur particulière prédéfinie UA de cette tension, mémorisée dans le dispositif de gestion, cette tension correspondant à la coordonnée en tension du point A prédéterminée lors de la phase de caractérisation.
The battery management device is for example adapted to implement, for each cell of the battery, a method of detecting a passage at point A comprising the following steps:
  • measuring the voltage at the terminals of the cell under the reference current i ref at several instants of a charging or discharging phase of the cell between first and second state of charge levels of the cell, for example between 20% and 80% of the SOC of the cell; and
  • detecting a particular preset value U A of this voltage, stored in the management device, this voltage corresponding to the voltage coordinate of the predetermined point A during the characterization phase.

La phase de charge ou de décharge du procédé de détection du point A peut correspondre à une charge ou une décharge de la cellule par utilisation normale de la batterie par un système comportant la batterie, par exemple un véhicule à assistance électrique. Si le courant de charge ou de décharge normal de la cellule est différent du courant de référence iref, on peut périodiquement forcer le courant traversant la cellule à la valeur iref pendant une durée de préférence suffisamment courte pour ne pas gêner le fonctionnement, par exemple pendant une durée inférieure à 1 ms et de préférence inférieure à 10 µs, le temps d'effectuer une mesure de la tension aux bornes de la cellule. Cette durée est de préférence choisie, le cas échéant, identique ou similaire, par exemple égale à 20% près, à la durée pendant laquelle le courant est périodiquement forcé à la valeur iref pendant la phase de caractérisation pour acquérir des courbes caractéristiques de la cellule.The charging or discharging phase of the point A detection method may correspond to a charging or discharging of the cell by normal use of the battery by a system comprising the battery, for example an electrically assisted vehicle. If the normal charging or discharging current of the cell is different from the reference current i ref , the current flowing through the cell can be periodically forced to the value i ref for a period preferably sufficiently short so as not to impede the operation, for example. example for a period of less than 1 ms and preferably less than 10 μs, the time to perform a measurement of the voltage across the cell. This duration is preferably chosen, if necessary, identical or similar, for example equal to 20%, to the period during which the current is periodically forced to the value i ref during the characterization phase to acquire characteristic curves of the cell.

A titre de variante, le procédé de détection du point A peut comprendre une phase dédiée de charge ou de décharge de la cellule, qui peut être mise en oeuvre par le dispositif de gestion de la batterie spécifiquement pour provoquer un passage de la cellule par le point A et permettre ainsi la détection du passage au point A.Alternatively, the detection method of the point A may comprise a dedicated phase of charging or discharging the cell, which may be implemented by the battery management device specifically to cause a passage of the cell by the point A and thus allow the detection of the passage at point A.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le procédé susmentionné de détection du passage au point A d'une cellule d'une batterie peut être utilisé en vue de recaler ou réajuster une jauge d'état de charge de la cellule. Le dispositif de gestion de la batterie peut par exemple mettre en oeuvre un procédé d'évaluation de l'état de charge d'une cellule de la batterie, ce procédé comportant des phases d'estimation de l'état de charge de la cellule, et, entre des phases d'estimation, des phases de recalage du procédé d'estimation permettant de compenser d'éventuelles dérives, par exemple des dérives liées au vieillissement de la cellule ou des dérives des mesures effectuées par des capteurs du dispositif de gestion, ces phases de recalage pouvant comprendre des phases de détection du passage au point A de la cellule.By way of non-limiting example, the above-mentioned method of detecting the passage at point A of a cell of a battery can be used to readjust or readjust a charge state gauge of the cell. The battery management device may, for example, implement a method for evaluating the state of charge of a cell of the battery, this method comprising phases for estimating the state of charge of the cell, and, between estimation phases, recalibration phases of the estimation method making it possible to compensate for any drifts, for example drifts related to aging of the cell or drifts of the cells. measurements made by sensors of the management device, these resetting phases may comprise phases of detection of the passage to the point A of the cell.

A titre d'exemple, une jauge d'état de charge de la cellule peut être recalée suite à une phase de détection d'un passage au point A de la cellule, pour compenser un éventuel écart entre une valeur de charge estimée de la cellule et la valeur de charge réelle connue au point A, à l'instant de détection du point A.For example, a load state gauge of the cell may be reset following a phase of detection of a passage at point A of the cell, to compensate for any discrepancy between an estimated load value of the cell. and the actual load value known at point A, at the moment of detection of point A.

Un avantage est que le recalage d'une jauge d'état de charge de la cellule par détection d'un passage au point A de la cellule ne nécessite pas une décharge complète ou une charge complète de la cellule. Ceci permet de rendre les phases de recalage nettement moins contraignantes qu'avec les solutions connues. On peut notamment prévoir des recalages plus fréquents que dans les systèmes existants. Ceci peut par exemple permettre d'utiliser des algorithmes d'estimation d'état de charge plus simples que dans les systèmes existants, puisqu'une éventuelle diminution de la fiabilité des algorithmes d'estimation peut être compensée par des recalages plus fréquents.An advantage is that the registration of a charge state gauge of the cell by detecting a passage at point A of the cell does not require a complete discharge or a complete charge of the cell. This makes the registration phases much less restrictive than with the known solutions. In particular, it is possible to provide more frequent readjustments than in existing systems. This can for example make it possible to use simpler state of charge estimation algorithms than in existing systems, since a possible decrease in the reliability of the estimation algorithms can be compensated by more frequent readjustments.

Les modes de réalisation décrits dans la présente demande de procédé de détection du passage au point A d'une cellule, ou de recalage d'une jauge d'état de charge d'une cellule, bien que ne se limitant pas à ce cas particulier, présentent un intérêt tout particulier pour une utilisation dans une batterie à architecture électrique reconfigurable dynamiquement. Par batterie à architecture électrique reconfigurable dynamiquement, on entend ici une batterie dans laquelle le schéma électrique d'interconnexion des cellules élémentaires de la batterie entre les bornes de fourniture de tension de la batterie peut être modifié dynamiquement pendant le fonctionnement de la batterie, de façon que la batterie fournisse à ses bornes une tension alternative, par exemple destinée à l'alimentation d'un moteur électrique ou de toute autre charge susceptible d'être alimentée par une tension alternative. Des exemples de réalisation de batteries à architecture électrique reconfigurable dynamiquement sont par exemple décrits dans les demandes de brevet FR2972304 , FR2972305 , FR2972306 et FR2972308 de la demanderesse.The embodiments described in the present application for a method for detecting the passage at point A of a cell, or for resetting a charge state of a cell, although not limited to this particular case. , are of particular interest for use in a dynamically reconfigurable electrical architecture battery. By dynamically reconfigurable electrical architecture battery means here a battery in which the circuit diagram for interconnecting the elementary cells of the battery between the voltage supply terminals of the battery can be dynamically modified during the operation of the battery, so that the battery provides at its terminals an AC voltage, for example for powering an electric motor or any other load that can be powered by an AC voltage. of the examples of embodiments of dynamically reconfigurable electrical architecture batteries are for example described in the patent applications FR2972304 , FR2972305 , FR2972306 and FR2972308 of the plaintiff.

Une batterie à architecture électrique reconfigurable dynamiquement comprend typiquement un dispositif de gestion capable de déconnecter et reconnecter dynamiquement des cellules de la batterie, éventuellement en modifiant leur position et/ou leur mode de connexion (série ou parallèle) par rapport aux autres cellules de la batterie, à une fréquence relativement élevée, pendant des phases d'utilisation de la batterie.A dynamically reconfigurable electrical architecture battery typically comprises a management device capable of dynamically disconnecting and reconnecting cells of the battery, possibly by changing their position and / or their connection mode (serial or parallel) with respect to the other cells of the battery at a relatively high frequency during battery usage phases.

A chaque déconnexion d'une cellule, le courant traversant cette cellule s'annule pendant la période de déconnexion, par exemple comprise dans la plage allant de 1 µs à 1 ms. Avantageusement, le dispositif de gestion de la batterie peut exploiter ces fréquentes déconnexions pour mettre en oeuvre un procédé du type susmentionné de détection du point A de la cellule pour un courant de référence iref nul. Pour cela, le dispositif de gestion peut mesurer la tension de la cellule pendant des périodes de déconnexion de la cellule faisant partie du fonctionnement normal du système, jusqu'à détecter un passage de la cellule par la tension UA du point A. Un avantage est que la détection du point A ne nécessite alors aucune perturbation du fonctionnement normal de la batterie.At each disconnection of a cell, the current flowing through this cell is canceled during the disconnection period, for example in the range from 1 μs to 1 ms. Advantageously, the battery management device can exploit these frequent disconnections to implement a method of the aforementioned type of detection of the point A of the cell for a reference current i ref null. For this, the management device can measure the voltage of the cell during periods of disconnection of the cell forming part of the normal operation of the system, until detecting a passage of the cell by the voltage U A of point A. A benefit is that the detection of point A then requires no disturbance of the normal operation of the battery.

La figure 2 illustre, sous forme de blocs, un exemple d'un mode de réalisation d'un procédé de recalage d'une jauge d'état de charge d'une cellule élémentaire d'une batterie, qui peut être mis en oeuvre pendant une phase de charge ou de décharge de la cellule.The figure 2 illustrates, in block form, an example of an embodiment of a method of resetting a charge state gauge of an elementary cell of a battery, which can be implemented during a phase of charging or discharging the cell.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, le procédé de recalage comprend une étape 201 (icell=iref?) au cours de laquelle le dispositif de gestion attend que le courant icell traversant la cellule passe par la valeur iref. Dans le cas d'une batterie à architecture reconfigurable dynamiquement, on peut choisir iref=0, auquel cas, lors de l'étape 201, si la batterie est en phase de décharge, le dispositif de gestion peut attendre la prochaine déconnexion de la cellule programmée en vue de la fourniture d'une tension alternative aux bornes de la batterie. Le cas échéant, le dispositif de gestion peut forcer à la valeur iref le courant traversant la cellule, spécifiquement pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de recalage, pendant une durée suffisamment courte pour ne pas perturber de façon significative le fonctionnement normal de la batterie, par exemple pendant une durée inférieure à 1 ms et de préférence inférieure à 10 µs.In the example of the figure 2 , the resetting method comprises a step 201 (i cell = i ref? ) during which the management device waits for the current i cell through the cell to pass through the value i ref . In the case of a dynamically reconfigurable architecture battery, one can choose i ref = 0, in which case, in step 201, if the battery is in discharge phase, the management device can wait for the next disconnection of the programmed cell for the supply of an alternating voltage to the terminals of the battery. If necessary, the management device can force the current flowing through the cell to the value i ref , specifically for the implementation of the resetting process, for a sufficiently short time so as not to significantly disturb the normal operation of the battery. , for example for a duration less than 1 ms and preferably less than 10 μs.

Lorsque le courant icell est à la valeur iref, le dispositif de gestion mesure la tension Ucell aux bornes de la cellule lors d'une étape 202 (MESURE Ucell).When the current i cell is at the value i ref , the management device measures the voltage U cell at the terminals of the cell during a step 202 (MEASURE U cell ).

Lors d'une étape 203 (Ucell=UA?), le dispositif de gestion surveille le passage de la tension Ucell mesurée à l'étape 202 par la valeur de tension UA du point caractéristique A de la cellule.During a step 203 (U cell = U A ?), The management device monitors the passage of the voltage U cell measured in step 202 by the voltage value U A of the characteristic point A of the cell.

Si, lors de l'étape 203, le dispositif de gestion détecte le passage de la valeur de la tension Ucell mesurée sous le courant iref par la valeur UA, il met en oeuvre une étape 204 (RECALAGE SOC) de recalage de la jauge d'état de charge de la cellule, en tenant compte de l'écart entre une valeur de charge estimée de la cellule et la valeur de charge réelle connue au point A, à l'instant de détection du point A. A la fin de l'étape 204, le procédé de recalage se termine.If, during step 203, the management device detects the passage of the value of the voltage U cell measured under the current i ref by the value U A , it implements a step 204 (RECALAGE SOC) for resetting the the charge state gauge of the cell, taking into account the difference between an estimated load value of the cell and the actual load value known at point A, at the moment of detection of the point A. At the end of step 204, the registration process ends.

Si, lors de l'étape 203, le dispositif de gestion ne détecte pas un passage de la valeur de la tension Ucell mesurée sous le courant iref par la valeur UA, il met à nouveau en oeuvre les étapes 201, 202 et 203.If, during step 203, the management device does not detect a passage of the value of the voltage U cell measured under the current i ref by the value U A , it again implements the steps 201, 202 and 203.

Des modes de réalisation particuliers ont été décrits. Diverses variantes et modifications apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art.Particular embodiments have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

En particulier, le dispositif de gestion de la batterie peut optionnellement mémoriser, en plus des coordonnées du point A, l'intégralité d'une ou plusieurs des courbes caractéristiques tension/charge des cellules à un courant de référence iref. Dans ce cas, pour évaluer l'état de charge d'une cellule de la batterie, le dispositif de gestion peut effectuer une mesure de la tension aux bornes de la cellule sous le courant iref, et estimer l'état de charge de la cellule à partir de cette mesure et des courbes caractéristiques mémorisées. La courbe particulière utilisée pour effectuer une estimation d'état de charge d'une cellule peut être sélectionnée en tenant compte d'un indicateur d'état de vieillissement de la cellule.In particular, the battery management device can optionally store, in addition to the coordinates of the point A, the entirety of one or more of the characteristic voltage / charge curves of the cells with a current of reference i ref . In this case, to evaluate the state of charge of a cell of the battery, the management device can measure the voltage across the cell under the current i ref , and estimate the state of charge of the cell. cell from this measurement and memorized characteristic curves. The particular curve used to make a charge state estimate of a cell can be selected taking into account a cell aging status indicator.

Par ailleurs, les modes de réalisation décrits ne se limitent pas à l'utilisation du procédé de détection du point A pour recaler une jauge d'état de charge d'une cellule de batterie. La méthode proposée pourra être utilisée dans toute application pouvant tirer profit de la connaissance, à un instant donné, de la charge réelle contenue dans une cellule d'une batterie.Furthermore, the embodiments described are not limited to the use of the point detection method A to reset a charge state gauge of a battery cell. The proposed method can be used in any application that can benefit from the knowledge, at a given moment, of the actual charge contained in a cell of a battery.

En outre, lors de la phase de caractérisation des cellules, le point A peut optionnellement être déterminé pour plusieurs courants de référence distincts. Dans ce cas, lorsque le dispositif de gestion met en oeuvre une phase de détection d'un passage d'une cellule de la batterie par un point A en vue de connaître, à un instant donné, la charge réelle contenue dans cette cellule, il peut choisir le courant de référence le mieux adapté à l'utilisation qui est faite de la batterie pendant la phase de détection.In addition, during the characterization phase of the cells, the point A may optionally be determined for several separate reference currents. In this case, when the management device implements a phase of detection of a passage of a cell of the battery by a point A in order to know, at a given instant, the actual charge contained in this cell, it can choose the reference current best suited to the use made of the battery during the detection phase.

Claims (12)

  1. A method of detecting a predetermined specific value (QA) of the charge contained in a first elementary cell of a battery, comprising the steps of:
    measuring the voltage (Ucell) across the cell at a plurality of times in a phase of cell charge or discharge between first and second state-of-charge levels; and
    detecting a predetermined specific value (UA) of this voltage, corresponding to the specific charge value (QA), characterized in that said specific charge (QA) and voltage (UA) values correspond to the coordinates of a crossing point (A) of at least two curves (101a, 101b, 101c) representative of variation of said voltage (Ucell) according to the charge contained in the cell, for different states of health of the cell.
  2. The method of claim 1, wherein said voltage (Ucell) is the voltage across the cell under a reference current (iref).
  3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said specific charge (QA) and voltage (UA) values correspond to the coordinates of a crossing point (A) of at least three curves (101a, 101b, 101c) representative of the variation of said voltage (Ucell) according to the charge contained in the cell, for different cell states of health.
  4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said specific charge value (QA) is in the range from 20% to 60% of the nominal full charge capacity of the cell.
  5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said cell is a lithium-ion type cell and wherein said specific charge value (QA) is in the range from 38% to 42% of the nominal full charge capacity of the cell.
  6. The method of claim 5, wherein said cell has a 2.2-Ah nominal capacity and a 4.2-V nominal full charge voltage, and wherein said specific voltage value (UA) is in the range from 3.5 to 3.6 V.
  7. The method of any of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a previous characterization phase comprising acquiring, for a second elementary cell of the same type as the first cell, at least two characteristic curves (101a, 101b, 101c) representative of the variation of the voltage (UCell) across the second cell according to the charge contained in the second cell, for at least two different states of health of the second cell.
  8. The method of claim 7, wherein the previous characterization phase further comprises a step of determining a crossing point (A) of said at least two characteristic curves in the charge range from 20% to 60% of the nominal capacity of the cell.
  9. A method of assessing the state of charge of an elementary cell of a battery, comprising at least one phase of estimation of the state of charge of the cell by a state-of-charge estimation algorithm, and at least one phase of readjustment of the estimation algorithm, said readjustment phase comprising the steps of:
    detecting a predefined specific value (QA) of the charge contained in the cell by the method of any of claims 1 to 8; and
    readjusting the state-of-charge estimation algorithm by taking into account the difference between said specific charge value (QA) and a charge value estimated by the estimation algorithm at a time of detection of said specific charge value.
  10. A system comprising:
    a battery comprising a plurality of elementary cells; and
    a device for managing the battery,
    characterized in that the management device is capable of detecting the crossing by an elementary cell of a predetermined specific charge value (QA) by the method of any of claims 1 to 9.
  11. The system of claim 10, wherein the battery is a battery with a dynamically reconfigurable architecture, and wherein the management device is capable of dynamically disconnecting and connecting back cells of the battery so that an AC voltage is provided across the battery.
  12. The system of claims 11 and 2, wherein said reference current (iref) is zero and wherein said steps of measurement of the voltage (Ucell) across the first cell are implemented during periods of disconnection of the first cell by the management device for the generation of an AC voltage across the battery.
EP15158695.5A 2014-03-17 2015-03-11 Method for estimating and resetting of the state of charge of a battery cell Active EP2924454B1 (en)

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FR1452181A FR3018607B1 (en) 2014-03-17 2014-03-17 METHOD OF ESTIMATING AND RECALING THE CHARGING STATE OF A BATTERY CELL

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FR3043849B1 (en) * 2015-11-16 2017-12-08 Accumulateurs Fixes NI-CD BATTERY WITH CHARGE STATUS INDICATOR

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FR3018607B1 (en) 2017-11-24
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CN104965177A (en) 2015-10-07
CN104965177B (en) 2020-03-03
JP2015175853A (en) 2015-10-05
FR3018607A1 (en) 2015-09-18
US20150260796A1 (en) 2015-09-17

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